Thèses sur le sujet « Nanotubes – Carbone – Propriétés optiques »
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Voisin, Christophe. "Propriétés Optiques des Nanotubes de Carbone." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430590.
Texte intégralLauret, Jean-Sébastien. "Etude des propriétés optiques des nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004218.
Texte intégralDans un premier temps, la spectroscopie d'absorption a été utilisée comme un outil de caractérisation des différents échantillons. En effet, l'énergie de la transition entre la première paire de singularités de Van-Hove étant proportionnelle à l'inverse du diamètre, la spectroscopie d'absorption donne une mesure du diamètre moyen ainsi que de la largeur de la distribution en diamètre.
Nous avons étudié les conditions d'observation d'un signal de photoluminescence au niveau du gap des nanotubes semi-conducteurs. Pour observer ce signal, les nanotubes doivent être isolés, en les mettant convenablement en suspension par exemple. Les expériences de photoluminescence sélective en longueur d'onde ont montré que les structures observées dans les spectres peuvent être attribuées aux différentes chiralités présentes dans l'échantillon. Elles ont également permis d'évaluer la largeur homogène de la transition fondamentale (environ 20 meV). Enfin, la spectroscopie d'excitation de la photoluminescence a permis de déterminer la chiralité des différents nanotubes présents dans nos échantillons.
Dans un deuxième temps, la dynamique des porteurs de charge dans les nanotubes de carbone a été étudiée à l'aide d'expériences de type pompe-sonde. Cette étude réalisée sur des nanotubes déposés sur un substrat et agrégés en corde a montré l'existence d'un couplage tunnel entre les nanotubes semi-conducteurs et les nanotubes métalliques au sein d'une corde. L'existence de ce couplage ainsi que la brièveté des temps de relaxation (picoseconde) expliquent l'absence de signal de photoluminescence sur ce type d'échantillon. La comparaison faite avec les données obtenues sur les échantillons de nanotubes isolés montre une augmentation d'un ordre de grandeur des temps de relaxation, ce qui est en accord avec l'apparition d'un signal de photoluminescence observable sur ces échantillons. L'étude de la réponse non-linéaire hors résonance a mis en évidence la dynamique du plasmon de surface des nanotubes. Elle a également permis d'interpréter le fond d'absorption sur lequel sont superposées les raies dues aux transitions inter-bandes comme la queue basse énergie de la résonance plasmon de surface. Enfin, la susceptibilité non-linéaire d'ordre trois des nanotubes a pu être évaluée. La comparaison entre le facteur de mérite des nanotubes et celui d'autres matériaux étudiés en vue d'une application en optique non-linéaire a montré que les nanotubes de carbone semblent posséder des propriétés intéressantes pour ce type d'applications.
Gandil, Morgane. "Propriétés magnéto-optiques de nanotubes de carbone individuels suspendus." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0647/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of the intrinsic magneto-optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes through time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Measurements are performed on suspended nanotubes samples at the single-object level using a home-built confocal optical microscope with a large numerical aperture (NA = 0.95) operating at cryogenic temperature (down to 2K) and high magnetic field (up to 7T). The evolution of the photoluminescence spectra and decay signals with increasing magnetic fields shows the influence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect on the two lowest-energy singlet excitons, namely the ground exciton which is optically inactive (dark exciton) and an exciton lying a few millielectron volts higher in energy which is optically active (bright exciton). A model of these results based on rate equations and including the Aharonov-Bohm coupling between these two excitons enables to determine separately the excitons lifetimes and to derive quantitative information on the energy relaxation from the photo-excited higher levels. The energy relaxation following the photo-excitation of the S22 transition leads to a bright state population efficiency four times lower than that of the dark state, but it significantly increases when energy relaxation occurs from the KK’ excitonic levels. Thanks to a good signal to noise ratio, the photoluminescence spectra also reveal the presence of an intrinsic zero-field coupling between the dark and the brightexcitons, as well as an excitonic mobility preserved at liquid helium temperature in suspended nanotubes
Vivien, Laurent. "Etude des propriétés optiques non linéaires des nanotubes de carbone pour la limitation optique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0011.
Texte intégralGaufrès, Etienne. "Photonique des nanotubes de carbone sur silicium." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112215.
Texte intégralSemiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNT) have recently attracted a lot of interest due to their tunable direct band gap, making them first-rate candidate for new optoelectronic and photonic applications at telecom wavelengths. Ln this focus, the thesis main objective was the semiconducting carbon nanotubes optical properties study as a function of environment, especially the presence of metallic nanotubes. The selective extraction of semiconducting nanotubes, performed in collaboration with AIST Tsukuba in Japan, leads to an enhancement of nanotubes' light emission and reduce optical losses. Moreover, evidences of optical gain in (8,6) et (8,7) s-SWNT were observed in highly purified semiconducting carbon nanotubes sample. Ln a second time, the optical interaction between silicon based nanostructures and carbon nanotubes as an active material was studied and the coupling of the photoluminescence into a waveguide was experimentally demonstrated. This work paves the way towards the realization of an integrated ligth source based on carbon nanotubes and on the long run, towards carbon nanotube photonics
Langlois, Benjamin. "Propriétés optiques hors-équilibre des nanotubes de carbone nus ou fonctionnalisés." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0017/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis is devoted to the experimental study by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy of micellar solutions of carbon nanotubes. The properties of carbon nanotubes are greatly affected by their 1D geometry. Quantum confinement of electrons in 1D leads to enhanced coulomb interactions giving rise to strongly bound excitons. Many-body effects between excitons is investigated by the moment method analysis of the transient absorption spectra. The relaxation of excitons is controlled by diffusion-limited collisions between excitons. The presence of excitons in the lowest subband results in a broadening and an uniform blue-shift of the excitonic energy spectrum. Intra and intersubband interactions turn out to be of the same magnitude, in agreement with a simple mean field theory of excitonic interactions.Moreover, the one-layer structure of nanotubes results in strong interaction with the environment. We take advantage of the environmental sensitivity of nanotubes in hybrid compounds where the non-covalent functionalization with dyes opens a new extrinsic monochromatic excitation channel of the nanotubes through an efficient and ultrafast energy transfer between dyes and nanotubes. Once the exciton transferred to the nanotube, its relaxation is similar to the one observed in bare nanotubes
Ricaud, Benjamin. "Modélisation et étude des propriétés optiques des nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00183627.
Texte intégralPlusieurs arguments physiques ainsi que l'utilisation intensive de la théorie de perturbation amènent l'étude de l'Hamiltonien unidimensionel, à grand nombre de particules, à être réduite à celle de l'Hamiltonien de l'exciton, système composé de deux particules de charges opposées. Des expressions quasi-analytiques pour les états propres de ce système, dépendantes du rayon du tube, sont obtenues perturbativement. Les pics d'absorption de lumière correspondant à des énergies dans la lacune entre bande de valence et bande de conduction du nanotube semiconducteur sont alors reliés à la présence d'excitons et la localisation des pics est donnée en fonction du rayon du tube par une expression approchée avec un terme d'erreur contrôlé.
Alibart, Fabien. "Propriétés optoélectroniques des nanostructures de carbone azotées : applications aux dispositifs électroniques." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0129.
Texte intégralWe have presented in this study a correlation of the electrical and optical properties of highly sp² amorphous carbon nitride for the development of electronic devices applications. The amorphous carbon thin films have been deposited using reactive plasma (Ar+N2) magnetron sputtering techniques (namely, DC sputtering, DCpulse sputtering and Radio Frequency sputtering). The partial pressure of nitrogen has been used to vary the optoelectronics properties of the films. The optical gap has been presented in the light of the ππ* model for amorphous carbon materials and the disorder parameter W-1 has been used to determine the Density Of States (DOS) evolution with nitrogen incorporation. The electrical conductivity has been studied in the temperature range of -170°C to 300°C and has revealed the presence of Variable Range Hopping conductivity (T<~30°C) and thermally activated conductivity (higher temperature). The conductivity has been interpreted as a function of the DOS evolution. The microstructural evolutions of the films with nitrogen incorporation have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy and IR absorption spectroscopy. The disorder parameter W-1 has shown a linear dependence with the optical Tauc gap for this range of materials (highly sp² carbon films) and has been interpreted as a measure of the overall disorder (structural and topological). The nitrogen incorporation favours the graphitization and the clustering of the sp² phase in the first stage of nitrogen incorporation. The preferential contribution of disorder has been identified as an increase of topological disorder (cluster size dispersion). The increase of electrical conductivity in this stage has been correlated to the increase of disorder and has revealed an increase of the sp² connectivity consistent with an increase of the cluster size. The decrease of conductivity for the higher nitrogen content has been interpreted in a specific model for highly sp² materials (adaptation of Robertson’s two phase model). The proportion of CN triple bonds has been identified as a major effect on the material connectivity affecting the optoelectronic properties of the films. Finally, we have presented the realisation of electronic devices involving amorphous carbon thin films. The diode junction of Pt/aCN/c-Si have been realised and the behaviour of the junctions has been explained regarding to the disorder and localisation contribution of the films. The realisation of aCN electrodes for organic thin films transistors (OTFT) opens the possibility of the development of semi-metal applications for the carbon thin films with the higher conductivity
Ricaud, Benjamin. "Modélisation et étude des propriétés optiques des nanotubes de carbones." Toulon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00183627/fr/.
Texte intégralThe optical absorption spectrum of carbon nanotubes is analysed, using a rigourous mathematical approach. A quantum model describing the carbon nanotube is suggested and investigated with the help of perturbation theory. The smallness of the tube radius allows to reduce the study to a one dimensional problem. Then, the linear response theory gives an expression for the absorption spectrum depending on the eigenstates of the one-dimensional Hamiltonian associated with the tube. Several physical arguments as well as an intensive use of perturbation theory allow to reduce the study of the many body Hamiltonian to the study of the exciton Hamiltonian, which describes a system made of two particles with opposite charges. Quasi-analytical expressions for the eigenstates of this system, depending on the radius of the tube, are obtained perturbatively. Peaks of absorption of light with energy in the gap between the valence and conduction bands of the semiconductor nanotube are related to the existence of excitons and the localisation of the peaks is given with respect to the radius of the nanotube by an approximated expression, with a controled error term
Vialla, Fabien. "Interaction entre les nanotubes de carbone et leur environnement physico-chimique : vers un contrôle des propriétés optiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00971753.
Texte intégralEhinon, Daniel. "Approche quantique de la physisorption de molécules sur des nanotubes de carbone." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3013.
Texte intégralDebbichi, Lamjed. "Etude ab-initio des propriétés électroniques, optiques et du transport électronique dans les nanotubes de carbone." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6231.
Texte intégralThe objective of this work is to understand the effects of impurities on the electronic and transport properties of single wall carbon nanotubes. In the first part, we studied the effect of substitutional doping by boron, nitrogen or silicon atoms on the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes for different diameters in order to determine the chemical reactivity as a function of the nanotube curvature. We then studied the impurity distribution as a function of the nanotube chirality and the behavior of the optical spectra as a function of the diameter and the chirality of the nanotubes and as a function of the impurity distribution. In a second part, we used the nonequilibrium Green’s function to understand the electronic transport of carbon nanotubes. This is to calculate the electric conductance of a single nanotube in which an organic molecule is either inserted or adsorbed on its surface. To determine the adsorption of the molecule we calculated the total energy, taking into account the dispersive forces of van der Waals. We also studied the effect of spin polarized chemical bonding at the interface of the Fe(001)-nanotube direct junctions on the electronic transport of zigzag and armchair nanotubes of different sizes
Noury, Adrien. "Photonique hybride des nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112199/document.
Texte intégralOn-chip optical communication may increase drastically performances and consumption of communication systems. Indeed, optical channels do not face limitations that metallics interconnects do. Even better would be the achievable data rate due to the multiplexing possibility in optics. In order to keep compatibility with electronic devices, optical components and interconnects should be built in silicon. However, this material is not suitable for some optical function, such as laser sources. Thus, there is a need to integrate alternative materials to compensate for silicon weaknesses. My PhD work focuses on integration of carbon nanotube on silicon for photonics applications. In this work, potential use of carbon nanotube for light emission function is investigated. First, I will propose clue to understand the appearance of optical gain in semiconducting carbon nanotube. Such investigation is done by mean of pump-probe experiments, where the excitons lifetimes are measured. Those lifetimes slightly increase while centrifugation time and speed is increased, during the extraction process. A possible explanation is that defect-free carbon nanotubes are selected by the centrifugation process. In parallel, I worked on designing an efficient method to couple nanotubes photoluminescence with silicon waveguides. This method appears to be quite robust, and allows to observe coupling between the nanotube photoluminescence and the optical mode of the waveguide. In order to obtain a more intense interaction between the optical mode and carbon nanotubes, I investigated the coupling between carbon nanotubes and several photonic cavities, including microdisks, Fabry-Pérot cavities and ring resonators. Specifically, ring resonators allow to measure the photoluminescence of carbon nanotube structured by the resonant modes. Several configurations are studied to understand more in-depth the coupling mechanisms: micro-photoluminescence, guided photoluminescence and integrated photoluminescence
El, Hadj Karim. "Assemblages supramoléculaires fonctionnels de protéines photosensibles et de nanotubes de carbone : morphologie et propriétés de fluorescence." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2095.
Texte intégralEnergy transfer mechanisms in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) / photosensitive proteins assemblies are investigated using optical absorption and photoluminescence excitation measurements. The morphology of the assemblies was investigated by atomic force and transmission electron microscopy. Proteins are immobilized onto the sidewall of the carbon nanotubes using a sodium cholate suspension-dialysis method that maintains the intrinsic properties of both molecules. The SWNT / bacteriorhodopsin assemblies are stable in aqueous solutions for pH ranging from 4. 2 to 9 and exhibit photoluminescence properties that are pH-dependent. Energy transfer from bacteriorhodopsin to carbon nanotubes takes place. So, at pH higher than 5 and up to 9, the SWNTs absorb the photons emitted by the aromatic residues of the protein inducing a strong increase in intensity of the E11 emissions of SWNTs through their E33 and E44 excitations. From a pH = 4. 2 to pH = 5, the protein fluorescence is strongly quenched whatever the emission wavelengths. New additional fluorescence features of SWNT appear at excitation wavelengths ranging from 660 to 680 nm and at 330 nm. The presence of these features is attributed to a resonance energy transfer mechanism that has an efficiency of 94 %. The SWNT / C-phycocyanin assemblies exhibit a resonant energy transfer for excitation wavelengths near 620 nm. The efficiency is 92 %
Ubrig, Nicolas. "Optical properties of carbon based materials in high magnetic fields." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1627/.
Texte intégralCarbon nanotubes are unique nano-objects with highly anisotropic electrical, magnetic and optical properties. In the past years the physics of carbon nanotubes made important steps toward the comprehension of its various complex physical properties. The optical response of nanotubes is driven by excitons. Of the sixteen possible exciton states only one decays radiatively. However a magnetic field can brighten one of the dark states. The aim of the first part of this thesis investigates the issue of the brightening of dark excitons. In the second part we use the magnetic properties of single walled carbon nanotubes to investigate their dynamic alignment in a pulsed magnetic field. Semiconducting tubes are diamagnetic both along and perpendicular to their long axis but the magnitude of the perpendicular susceptibility is higher. Metallic tubes are paramagnetic along their long axis and diamagnetic perpendicular to it. This constrains SWNT to align parallel to a magnetic field. Our data will be analysed with the aid of a theoretical model based on rotational diffusion of rigid rods. In the third part we study the magneto-optical properties of epitaxially grown multi-layer graphene. The Landau levels of graphene are different from standard two dimensional electron gases. They show a sqrt{B}dependence due to the relativistic nature of their charge carriers. We measure the system at high fields and high energies to probe the limit of massless Dirac fermions. The discovery of massless relativistic particles in graphene, a mono-layer of graphite, has completely renewed the interest in graphite. As a matter of fact graphite the optical properties of graphite are best described by bi-layer graphene. We show that the magneto-transmission experiments on thin graphite are in very good agreement with an effective bi-layer model. In addition we observe a non-predicted double structure in the graphene-like transitions which is not reported before
Torres-Canas, Fernando José. "Tintas y materiales compuestos anisotrópicos basados en nanotubos de carbono." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS142/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis focus on the study of inks, composites and deposits of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). The control of dispersion and orientation of nanotubes in such nanostructured composites materials allows to optimize their properties, and especially their electrical and optical properties.The first part of the work is devoted to the optimization of dispersion of SWNT in aqueous suspensions stabilized by bile salts surfactants, and to the study of their optical properties, and especially their near infrared photoluminescence (PL). Dispersion of the nanotubes is probed by absorption spectroscopy. We show that their absorption coefficient is very sensitive to the individualization of the nanotubes. On the other hand, we revisit the interpretation of the PL spectra excited in the near infrared (especially at 1.17 and 1.58 eV), and we assign the different peaks to different mechanisms, namely direct excitonic transitions, exciton-phonon coupling, and energy transfer between nanotubes. We show that the evolution of PL intensity as a function of individualization allows to distinguish the different mechanisms.The second part of the work is dedicated to the preparation of aqueous suspensionsstabilized by hydrosoluble polymers (PVA and PVP), and SWNT/polymer composites, without surfactants. SWNT suspensions are mixed with polymer solutions, and then the surfactant is removed by dialysis. The yield, i.e. the relative concentration of SWNT in the dialyzed suspension, is ~75 times higher than for a suspension prepared directly with polymers. On the other hand, PL signatures are sensitive to the dielectric environment of the nanotubes which allows to evidence an exchange between the dispersing agents bile salts/PVA on the nanotube surface, such an exchange is not observed in the case of PVP.In the third part of the thesis, we use the inkjet printing technique to print continuous micrometric lines of SWNT, and we propose original methods to study their morphology and their anisotropy. The morphology of the deposits varies between two limit cases, an homogeneous deposit and a ‘‘pair of tracks'', by varying nanotube concentration in the inks, inter-drop distance and substrate temperature. The orientation of the nanotubes is very high at the edge of the deposits (orientational order parameter S between 0.6 y 0.9), the nanotubes are well-oriented as well in the tracks (S~0.5) and to a lesser extent in the homogeneous lines (S~0.3)
Gu, Qingyuan. "Spectroscopic and technological studies of carbon-nanotube-based structures for photonics applications." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0012.
Texte intégralThis thesis concentrates on the uniform deposition and highdensity alignment of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on various substrates, the qualitative analysis of optical and excitonic properties, as well as vibrational modes of SWCNTbased samples by absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopies, and the fabrication of SWCNT-based optical waveguides towards photonics devices in the 1.55μm telecom window. Two types of SWCNT were studied during this thesis: “HiPCO” SWCNT from high pressure carbon monoxide conversion process (HiPCO) and “LV” SWCNT from catalytic growth of SWCNT assisted by laser vaporization (LV) of graphite. Several methods for the deposition of these SWCNTs were investigated and performed, including tube-assisted deposition method, groove deposition method, spraying method, high-speed spin coating method, improved low-speed spin coating method (ILSSCM) and inkjet printing method. The quality, thickness and uniformity of SWCNT films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The uniformity of HiPCO SWCNT-based film is shown to depend strongly on the surfactants concentration in deposited SWCNTbased dispersion. Uniform LV SWCNTbased films using ILSSCM were obtained with thicknesses ranging from 600nm to 900nm (with thickness error <10%), depending on substrates nature. Alignment of HiPCO and LV- SWCNTs using a dielectrophoresis method, combining microtechnological processes and SEM observations, is investigated and optimized. Thus, a new method (“heating-enhanced DEP”) for ultra-high alignment density of HiPCO SWCNTs is proposed. The effect of temperature in this heating-enhanced DEP process is further explained by simulation works. Optical and excitonic properties, vibrational modes of SWCNT solutions and films are characterized by absorption, PL and PL excitation, Raman spectroscopies. The defects and the isolation levels of HiPCO SWCNT, the chirality- and diameterdistributions of SWCNT, the uniformity and the thickness mapping of SWCNT-based films, and the effect of high energy laser are qualitatively analyzed by Raman spectra. We estimated the PL quantum efficiency value of HiPCO SWCNT film of around 5%. The exciton energy transfer between individualized HiPCO SWCNTs, the role of polymer environment on excitonic properties of LV SWCNTs, and the dark excitons are discussed in this thesis. One-layer and three-layers of HiPCO SWCNT-based onedimensional slab optical waveguides of hybrid core structures, and LV SWCNT-based twodimensional optical waveguides are designed and fabricated. The fabrication process steps of the optical waveguides are investigated in details. 1.55μm propagation in these SWCNT-based waveguides is highlighted. Single- or multi-mode emissions around 1.5μm and 1.6μm are observed in LV SWCNTbased optical waveguides. The light propagation in the LV SWCNT-based optical waveguide is the preliminary characteristic of an optical cavity, which confers great potential for future generation LV SWCNT-based photonics devices
Blancon, Jean-Christophe. "Optical absorption and electronic properties of individual carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10164/document.
Texte intégralIn this dissertation, we report on the experimental investigation of the optical properties of single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. Despite numerous studies performed using photoluminescence or Raman and Rayleigh scattering, knowledge of their optical response is still partial. In particular direct quantitative measurement of their absorption cross-section has not been achieved yet. Using spatial modulation spectroscopy we have determined, over a broad optical spectral range, the spectrum and amplitude of the absorption cross-section of identified individual single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. These quantitative measurements permit the determination of the oscillator strength of the different excitonic resonances. Furthermore, investigation of the same nanotube, either a single-wall or double-wall nanotube, freestanding or deposited on a substrate shows large broadening with increase of oscillator strength of the excitonic resonances, as well as stark weakening of polarization dependent antenna effects, due to nanotube-substrate interaction. Similar study on nanotube bundles and double-wall nanotubes demonstrate the importance of inter-tube and inter-wall exciton coupling effects which seem to be of different nature in these two types of sample. The second part of this thesis studies electrical transport in carbon nanotube bundles under high pressure condition and low temperature. The behavior of nanotubebased field-effect transistors has been investigated, in the classical and Coulomb blockade regime, under gas-pressure up to 0.9 GPa. Overall, this dissertation communicates on the quantitative analysis of the absorption and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and how they are influenced by various environmental effects such as dielectric screening, stress induced strain, hydrostatic pressure, or chemical doping. The novelty of this work is to address these issues at the single nanotube level
Yuma, Bertrand Kei. "Etude de la dynamique des états excités des nanotubes du carbone mono-paroi." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994244.
Texte intégralWang, Zhao. "Propriétés Electro-mécaniques des Nanotubes de Carbone." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352725.
Texte intégralNous modélisons ensuite, de façon atomistique, la distribution surfacique de charge électrique sur des nanotubes de carbone possédant une charge nette. Nous retrouvons notamment l'effet de pointe classique avec un très bon accord quantitatif avec des résultats expérimentaux obtenus par microscopie à force électrostatique.
Par combinaison des méthodes utilisées dans les études précédentes, nous simulons la déflection de nanotubes semi-conducteurs et métalliques par un champ électrique extérieur, dans une configuration de type interrupteur moléculaire. L'effet des caractéristiques géométriques des tubes et du champ sur cette déflection ont été systématiquement étudiés.
En outre, nous avons vu que des simulations de dynamique moléculaire avec le potentiel AIREBO permettent de retrouver quantitativement les énergies expérimentales d'adsorption du benzène, du naphtalène et d'anthracène sur le graphite. Ce type de simulation nous permet d'avancer sur la voie de la compréhension de la sélectivité de l'adsorption de certaines molécules surfactantes à plusieurs cycles benzéniques sur des nanotubes de chiralité donnée.
Lefevre, Roland. "Propriétés électromécaniques des nanotubes de carbone multiparois." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012207.
Texte intégralNous avons développé un modèle théorique pour décrire la déflexion d'un nanotube de carbone suspendu soumis à une force d'attraction électrostatique. Notre modèle montre qu'il existe une loi d'échelle reliant la déflexion électrostatique aux paramètres géométriques, électriques, et physiques des NEMS à base de NTC. Ce résultat constitue, en soi, un outil de dimensionnement pour la conception de ces dispositifs, car il permet de prédire leur comportement électromécanique sur une « large » gamme de paramètres opérationnels.
Parallèlement, nous avons mis au point des procédés de fabrication pour réaliser des nanostructures intégrant un NTC suspendu actionnable électrostatiquement. Parmi ces différentes structures, la plus simple a été utilisée pour sonder les propriétés électromécaniques des NTC multiparois. Nous avons développé une méthode basée sur l'utilisation d'un microscope à force atomique pour mesurer la déflexion en fonction de la tension électrique d'actionnement. Les résultats de ces mesures, pour différents NTC (différents diamètre et longueur), montrent clairement, et sans paramètre ajustable, l'existence de la loi d'échelle prédite par notre modèle théorique. À partir de ces mesures, nous avons extrait le module d'Young des NTC. Pour des diamètres inférieurs à 30 nm, celui-ci est constant et vaut en moyenne 400 GPa. Au-delà, nous observons une forte diminution qui pourrait s'expliquer par l'entrée dans un régime de déformation non-linéaire.
Enfin, nous montrons la réalisation d'un interrupteur électromécanique à base de NTC qui présente de bonnes caractéristiques de commutation.
Wang, Zhao. "Propriétés électro-mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2066.
Texte intégralThis thesis aimed at modeling the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in electric fields. We first used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the AIREBO potential to study the non- linear elasticity and the torsion strength of CNTs as a function of their length, radius and helicity. We find for example, that the effective Young's modulus of a CNT decreases with a steeper slope for smaller helicities. Also, the ultimate value of the deformation energy that can be stored in CNTs is found to increase with smaller radii. Then, we modeled the distribution of electric charges on carbon nanotubes carrying a net charge. An atomic charge-dipole model regularized by convolution with a Gaussian is used. Extrapolation of our theoretical results agree quantitatively with experimental results from electrostatic force microscopy experiments. We also combined the methods used in both previous parts to simulate the deformation of nanotubes in electric fields. We demonstrate the influence of the external field, the geometry of the tube and the property of electronic transport of the tube on the electrostatic deformation. Finally, we checked that MD simulations with the AIREBO potential agree quantitatively with experiment results for the absorption of benzene, naphthalene or anthracene on graphite. We then studied the physisorption of surfactants with several benzene rings on CNTs in order to assess their efficiency for the select ion of CNTs according to their diameter or chirality
Michel, Thierry. "Propriétés physiques des nanotubes de carbone individuels." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20215.
Texte intégralLefèvre, Roland. "Propriétés électromécaniques des nanotubes de carbone multiparois." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012207.
Texte intégralIn this PhD thesis, we tackled theoretically and experimentally the problem of designing nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Furthermore, we applied our know-how to perform components like switches. We developed a theoretical model to describe the deflection of a suspended MWCNT stressed by an attractive electrostatic force. Our model highlights a scaling law linking up the electrostatic deflection, geometrical, electrical and physical parameters of MWCNTs based NEMS. This result constitutes a practical designing tool because it predicts their electromechanical behaviour on a "large" range of operational parameters. At the same time, we developed several processes to fabricate nanostructures incorporating a suspended MWCNT electrostatically Actuated. Among these different structures, the simplest was used to develop a method for probing electromechanical properties of MWCNTs. Our method is based on atomic force microscopy measurements on a doubly clamped suspended MWCNT electrostatically deflected by a drive voltage. These measurements show clearly for different MWCNTs (different diameter and length) the existence of such scaling law in agreement with the continuum model prediction. From these results, we extracted the Young's modulus of MWCNTs. For diameters smaller than 30 nm it is constant and its average value equals 400 GPa. Above, we observed a strong decrease that could be explained by the entry in a non-linear regime of deformation. Finally, we show the realization of an electromechanical switch based on a suspended MWCNT which presents good switching behaviour
Benoit, Jean-Michel. "Transport et propriétés vibrationnelles des nanotubes de carbone et composites polymère - nanotubes." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2045.
Texte intégralDo, Isabelle. "Nanocomposites nanotubes de carbone/élastomère : Propriétés rhéologiques et électriques." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3005.
Texte intégralSince carbon nanotubes (CNT) tend to remain as entangled agglomerates, homogeneous dispersed states within a polymer is not easily obtained, which reduces the interest of nanotubes as reinforcements. Many of the solutions proposed to address this issue rely on the modification of the interface between carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between the nature of the CNT/polymethylacrylate (PMA) interface and the spatial organization of the CNTs in the matrix, on the one hand, and rheological and electrical properties of the nanocomposites, on the other hand. The interface is controlled by using polyacrylic acid (PAA), either by grafting it on the nanotubes surface, or by using it as a surfactant. The study of the morphology of the composites by electronic microscopy showed the importance of distinguishing the distribution of CNTs in the matrix (i. E. The repartition of the nanotubes clusters in the whole sample), from their dispersion (i. E. Their individualization within the clusters). This distinction is central as it allows explaining the physical properties of the nanocomposites. The studies of the linear viscoelastic and electrical properties of the composites highlighted the existence of percolation phenomena. We also showed that the electrical properties of the composites are sensitive to the CNTs dispersion, whereas the rheological ones are sensitive to the quality of distribution. The use of PAA, either grafted or adsorbed on nanotubes, allows an increase in electrical conductivity as well as a better dispersion of the nanotubes, thus lowering the electrical percolation thresholds
Chauveau, Vanessa. "Le pouvoir lubrifiant des nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601121.
Texte intégralEid, Cynthia Joseph. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouvelles nanostructures à base d’oxyde et de carbure de Fe." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10172/document.
Texte intégralThe physical properties of a nanomaterial strongly depend on the size and the shape of the nanostructure. As a consequence, it is interesting to elaborate new materials with different compositions and morphologies. The advanced study on the structure using common characterization techniques (TEM, MEB, XRD, Raman…) allows us to collect all the important information on their physical properties (magnetic, optical and electrical properties). In this thesis, we describe multiple ways to elaborate multifunctional nanostructures with 0D, 1D and 2D in order to study the parameters that control their chemical composition and structure. Besides, this research lead to the elaboration of new nanomaterials based on the oxide and the carbide forms of iron. Magnetic nanofibers with different morphologies (belts, tubes) were prepared using the electrospinning technique while controlling several experimental parameters : solution concentration, pyrolysis atmosphere, thermal treatment temperature… Moreover, thin layers doped with magnetic nanostructures were deposited on a pyrex substrate using the dip-coating technique. A full and detailed study on their structural properties was performed in order to reach the experimental parameters that allow us to obtain high quality products. Finally, we wish to explore the possible applications of these materials that present interesting electrical and magnetic characteristics
Bounour-Bouzamouche, Wafa. "Matériaux hybrides nanotubes de carbone/ferromagnétiques : élaboration et propriétés magnétiques statiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD095/document.
Texte intégralHybrid materials as carbon nanotubes filled with ferromagnetic materials (FMCNT) have great potential for spintronic applications. Their magnetic properties strongly depend on their density,orientation and filling efficiency. Two preparation methods of (FMNTC) were used: i) ex-situ synthesis where mechanical opening of the nanotubes produced by electrical arc is first achieved and in-situ during the synthesis by electrical arc discharge, ii) synthesis by chemical vapor deposition enhanced by plasma (PECVD) in the presence of cobalt Co and Co / Pd catalysts. Our results showed that the arc in-situ approach is more effective especially with the addition of a filling promoter such as yttrium (Y) and sulfur (S). Different proportions of catalyst were varied and their influence on the yield of hybrid nanotubes studied. The quality and quantity of obtained nanotubes as well as their yields and magnetic properties were improved. The PECVD synthesis revealed that the addition of a thin layer of palladium (~6 nm) as a co catalyst with the cobalt leads to a significant improvement inthe density of the filler and the alignment of the nanotubes. Magnetic measurements thereby demonstrated the contribution of a shape anisotropy that can be associated with a better geometric orientation of the nanotubes to the substrate
Cruz, Bernal Camilo Andrés. "Modélisation des Propriétés Rhéologiques des Suspensions de Nanotubes de Carbone." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00552038.
Texte intégralPaillet, Matthieu. "Synthèse et propriétés physiques de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets individuels." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20023.
Texte intégralCleuziou, Jean-Pierre. "Propriétés de transport électronique de nanotubes de carbone: des nanotubes hybrides au nano-SQUID." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342549.
Texte intégralBonnet, pierre. "Caractérisation & propriétés physiques de composites PMMA/nanotubes de carbone & de complexes amylose/nanotubes." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2103.
Texte intégralWe present the study of two composites or hybrids Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes (CNT): Amylose/CNT and PMMA/CNT. The Amylose/CNT hybrids are synthesized in aqueous solutions and studied both in solution and films form. Optical properties of CNT are used as probes of CNT environments and dispersion. Physical and structural properties of the composites are investigated by absorption, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies. And by Atomic Force Microscopy. The use of amylose keeps CNT isolated. Reversibility of the functionalisation is demonstrated and amylose wrapping model is proposed. Special organization of macromolecules is observed on the films. The synthesis of PMMA/CNT composites is optimized. Thermal stability features, electrical and thermal conductivity as well as mechanical reinforcement are studied. We discuss physical properties in terms of percolation and with polymers/CNT interfaces contributions
Breton, Yannick. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation de nanotubes de carbone multiparois : propriétés mécaniques de composites nanotubes-résine époxyde." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2033.
Texte intégralKasperski, Anne. "Nanocomposites nanotubes de carbone - céramique à microstructure contrôlée : préparation et propriétés." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2187/.
Texte intégralThe incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in a brittle and insulator ceramic matrix is expected to enhance fracture toughness and fracture strength, to improve tribological properties and also gives rise to an electrical conducting material. We aimed to produce CNT-alumina nanocomposites with homogeneous submicronic microstructure and CNT with 1, 2, 8 or 20 walls (named xCNT, x = 1, 2, 8 or 20). CNT-Al2O3 powders were prepared by two routes (in-situ synthesis and mixing) and densified by hot-pressing (HP) or spark plasma sintering (SPS). The electrical conductivities were linked to the degree of CNT dispersion. The mechanical properties were correlated to preparation routes and CNT characteristics. The CNT length determine their mechanical locking inside the matrix and the non-covalent functionalization (gum arabic), contrary to the covalent functionalization, preserves the CNT integrity which leads to large scale crack-bridging in the materials. Preparation techniques which led to the best dispersions of CNT in alumina were transposed to zirconia with 3% mol. Yttria to prepare nanocomposites with different carbon contents of 2CNT or 8CNT. The friction coefficient of steel/2NTC-zirconia couples was decreased up to 2. 5 times thanks to a lubrication by deformation of the 2CNT, and the one of alumina/8CNT-zirconia couples up to 3. 5 times through the formation of a lubricant film due to 8NTC exfoliation
Dragin, Fabienne Christelle. "Structure et propriétés électroniques de nanotubes de carbone en solution polyélectrolyte." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20189.
Texte intégralFigarol, Agathe. "Toxicité in vitro et propriétés physico-chimiques de nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0764/document.
Texte intégralDue to their exceptional properties, carbon nanotubes (CNT) have aroused a huge interest among in industrial fields such as microelectronics, material science and nanomedicine. Nevertheless, the health impacts of this nanomaterial still remain not well understood. The first toxicological studies pointed out that there is no unique response regarding the healthimpact of the CNT, but different toxicological profiles according to their various physicochemical properties. A safer by design approach is thus proposed to identify the parameters decreasing from their production the CNT biological impacts. In this context, this work aimed at studying the impact on the in vitro response from a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) of two post-Production treatments: acid functionalization and high temperature annealing.Surface acid groups from functionalized CNT enhanced the pro-Inflammatory response although the cytotoxicity remained stable. On the other hand, acid functionalization, through the elimination of metallic impurities, significantly decreased the oxidative stress. Annealed CNT increased the pro-Inflammatory response compared to the pristine CNT. It thus confirmed the sensitivity of this response for the changes in surface chemistry. However, the high temperature annealing did not influence the oxidative stress, despite of the CNT purification. It suggested that structural defects are also of importance for this response. Besides, the acid functionalization of nano-Graphite and carbon black displayed trends in the macrophage response similar to the acid functionalization of CNT. The comparison of these three carbon-Based nanomaterials seemed to conform to the fibre and platelets paradigm. Eventually, exploratory studies have also been conducted on the interferences between CNT and the toxicity assays, and on the oxidative stress
Steinmetz, Johannes. "Nouvelles approches pour la production de fibres de nanotubes de carbone." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20060.
Texte intégralVandecasteele, Niels. "Désordre et transport électronique dans le graphène et les nanotubes de carbone." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066673.
Texte intégralPrudhon, Philippe. "Propriétés optiques de milieux aléatoires macroscopiques : composites modèles noir de carbone/KBr." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10501.
Texte intégralDatta, Subhadeep. "Propriétés de transport électronique de nanotubes de carbone remplis de particules magnétiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY008.
Texte intégralCarbon Nanotubes at low temperature behave as Quantum Dots for which charging processes become quantized, giving rise to Coulomb Blockade depending upon the coupling to the leads. Any small change in the electrostatic environment (tuned by the gate electrode) can induce shift of the stability diagram (so called Coulomb Diamonds) of the device, leading to conductivity variation of the Quantum Dot. A carbon nanotube can therefore be a very accurate electrometer. For example, if a magnetic system is electronically coupled to a nanotube, its electron conduction may be influenced by the spin state of the magnetic system (magneto- Coulomb effect). In this thesis, we report on the electrical transport measurements of such hybrid systems where a carbon nanotube is filled with magnetic nanoparticles such as Iron(Fe). We find that low-temperature (~40mK) current-voltage measurements of such devices can show a hysteretic behaviour in conductance with sharp jumps at certain magnetic fields. We explain the results in terms of the magneto-Coulomb effect where the spin flip of the iron island at non-zero magnetic field causes an effective charge variation in the Nanotube due to the Zeeman energy. Our studies are a step forward towards the study of the magnetic anisotropy of individual nanoparticles. We believe our findings have important implications for sensitive magnetic detectors to study the magnetization reversal of individual magnetic nanoparticle or molecule, even weakly coupled to a carbon nanotube
Luxembourg, David. "Stockage de l'hydrogène par les nanomatériaux carbones : élaboration, caractérisation et propriétés." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0574.
Texte intégralThis work deals with hydrogen storage for supplying fuel cells. Hydrogen storage by adsorption in carbon nanotubes and nanofibers is a very controversial issue because experimental results are very dispersed and adsorption mechanisms are not yet elucidated. Physisorption cannot explain in fact all the experimental results. All the potential adsorption sites, physical and chemical, are discussed as detailed as possible in a state of the art. Experimental works includes the steps of elaboration, characterization, and measurements of the hydrogen storage properties. Nanofibers are grown using a CVD approach. Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) synthesis is based on the vaporization/condensation of a carbon/catalysts mixture in a reactor using a fraction of the available concentrated solar energy at the focus of the 1000 kW solar facility of IMP-CNRS at Odeillo. Several samples are produced using different synthesis catalysts (Ni, Co, Y, Ce). SWNT samples are purified using oxidative and acid treatments. Hydrogen storage properties of these materials are carefully investigated using a volumetric technique. The applied pressure is up to 6 MPa and the temperature is 253 K. Hydrogen uptake of the investigated materials are less than 1 % wt. At 253 K and 6 MPa
Vincent, Pascal. "Synthèse, caractérisation et étude des propriétés d'émission de champ de nanotubes de carbone." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10124.
Texte intégralDebski, Nicolas. "Fibres obtenues à partir de nanotubes de carbone verticalement alignés : élaboration et propriétés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112388/document.
Texte intégralCarbon nanotube (CNT) based fibers, due to their interesting electrical and mechanical properties, exhibit a broad range of potential applications, such as functional textile or electrical wiring. To date, there are two families of fibers prepared according to different routes: pure CNT fibers and CNT composite fibers. The CNT characteristics and the elaboration process are known to impact their electrical and mechanical properties. However, the large diversity of manufactured CNT and spinning conditions used to elaborate these fibers are not favorable to establish clear relationship between fiber characteristics and their properties. In this context, the aim of the present work is to prepare fibers from vertically aligned CNT carpet according to two different elaboration process and to study their properties according to the CNT characteristics. A first part of this study was focused on the dry-spinning feasibility directly from CNT carpet synthesized by aerosol-assisted CCVD process in order to prepare fibers containing only of CNT. Even though all tests did not lead to a continuous spinning, a relation between the weak CNT tortuosity and the capacity of carpet to form fluffy network was established, which seems important for fiber continuous spinning. The second part is devoted to the study of the CNT characteristic effect (length, diameter and structure) on the electrical and mechanical properties of composite fibers obtained by wet spinning from CNT suspension. However, the preparation of these suspensions generates a CNT breakage by reducing their length to the micrometer range. A new dispersion process based on freezing/thawing cycles was developed and enables to keep CNT length in suspension of about 4 to 6 µm. Thus, concentrated suspensions with different CNT length, structure and diameter were obtained and successfully spun into fibers. The mechanical properties of raw fibers are essentially modified by CNT length which involves an improvement of the Young modulus and the tensile strength. The electrical properties depend on the CNT concentration in fiber and on the CNT structure. After a heat treatment of fiber at 200 °C, the increase of CNT length leads to an improvement of electrical conductivity. Consequently, the use of long CNT in composite fibers is beneficial to improve their performances
Greco, Carla. "Conception et synthèse de détergents aromatiques pour la séparation sélective des nanotubes de carbone chaise et zig-zag." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13073.
Texte intégralThe electronic properties of carbon nanotubes vary between metallic and semi-conducting depending on their diameter and chirality. It's well known that armchair nanotubes are metallic whereas zig-zag or chiral nanotubes are either metallic or semi-conducting. The relationship between chirality and electronic properties encouraged us to design aromatic detergents to achieve a supra-molecular recognition. We have designed two types of aromatic detergents, the pentacen derivates and the rylenic derivates, in order to realize a specific recognition of “armchair” and “zig-zag” nanotubes respectively. A separation procedure of armchair from zig-zag nanotubes was developed. Our method consists of a treatment of single-walled nanotubes with an aqueous solution of the aromatic detergent designed to recognize only one type of tubes. After sonication and centrifugation the supernatant, which was enriched with nanotubes specifically recognized by the detergent, was separated from the precipitate, which consequently contained less of this kind of tubes. We have show by Raman spectroscopy and microcalorimetry, that the non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with aromatic detergents by -stacking, allows to a real enrichment of one type of nanotubes. Furthermore, the utilization of these aromatic detergents allows us to obtain very stable suspensions of the nanotubes in water. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of the nanotube samples after treatment with our aromatic detergents show the presence of isolated tubes and of very thin bundles (2-4 tubes)
Cleuziou, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés de nanoparticules magnétiques de type coeur-coquille." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/156/.
Texte intégralMolecular electronics and spintronics are both rapidly emerging fields of nanoelectronics with a strong potential impact for the realization of new functions and devices helpful for information storage as well as quantum information. My thesis aimed at the merging of the two fields by the realization of molecular junctions that involves magnetic nanostructures. We chose two different approaches: (i) electronic transport through carbon nanotubes filled with magnetic material (hybrid carbon nanotubes), and (ii) development of a nano-SQUID with carbon nanotube Josephson junctions, which should be sensitive enough to study individual magnetic molecules that are attached to the carbon nanotube
Senger, Antoine. "Films de nanotubes de carbone : Mécanisme de croissance et magnétisme de films orientés." Strasbourg 1, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/SENGER_Antoine_2008.pdf.
Texte intégralA kinetic model for the growth of carbon nanotubes is develloped based on experimental data obtained by TEOM-CCVD synthesis of CNTs. The model takes into account associative decomposition of hydrocarbon on the surface of the catlytic particle, surface and volume diffusion, nucleation and growth of CNTs solved by finite differnce method. The surfacic process seems to be the rate determining step. To take into account microscopic scale effects a MEAM based programm is developped to analyse the path followed by an atom of carbon from the the catalytic facet to the graphitic shell of the CNT to determine whether the diffusion is volumic, sub-surfacic or surfacic. An experimental method to obtain ultra-high density assemblies of ferromagnetic nanoparticles is the Plasma-Enhanced CCVD. Monte-Carlo numerical simulations are developped to analyse the magnetic properties of such devices. We show that an aspect ratio superior to 4 does not change the magnetic propreties of the system and that we could reach with such devices a density of 10 Tbits/inch², 20 times more than what is done at the moment
Cau, Michèle. "Analyses optiques in situ lors de la synthèse de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets par vaporisation laser." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112318.
Texte intégralPérié, Thomas. "Dispersion de nanotubes de carbone dans les polymères : de la nanostructuration aux composites hautes performances." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00634552.
Texte intégralLouise, Loïc. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés mésomorphes d'espaceurs pour la fonctionnalisation des nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112048/document.
Texte intégralSynthesis and study of mesomorphic properties of grafts for carbon nanotubes functionalizationIn order to study the toxicity of carbon nanotubes, cholesterol based derivatives were synthesized. Due to their exceptional properties, a wide field of applications is opened for carbon nanotubes. Regarding this field, knowing their toxicity becomes a key issue.The work presented here aims towards the synthesis of chemical derivatives designed to increase interactions between carbon nanotubes and a biological environment. The synthesis of a series of cholesterol derivatives aimed for the functionalization of carbon nanotubes has been developed. Such derivatives are intended to interact with cell membranes.Moreover, many synthetic intermediates have mesomorphic properties. These properties have been studied using different methods such as polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering (MWAXS).HiPco nanotubes have been purified, functionalized and characterized with techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD).Finally, a study of carbon nanotubes toxicity is presented