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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Native and invasive populations »

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Publié le 22 juin 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Native and invasive populations"

Reichard, Martin, Karel Douda, Mirosław Przybyłski, Oana P. Popa, Eva Karbanová, Klára Matasová, Kateřina Rylková, Matej Polačik, Radim Blažek et Carl Smith. « Population-specific responses to an invasive species ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 282, n^o 1812 (7 août 2015) : 20151063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1063.

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Predicting the impacts of non-native species remains a challenge. As populations of a species are genetically and phenotypically variable, the impact of non-native species on local taxa could crucially depend on population-specific traits and adaptations of both native and non-native species. Bitterling fishes are brood parasites of unionid mussels and unionid mussels produce larvae that parasitize fishes. We used common garden experiments to measure three key elements in the bitterling–mussel association among two populations of an invasive mussel ( Anodonta woodiana ) and four populations of European bitterling ( Rhodeus amarus ). The impact of the invasive mussel varied between geographically distinct R. amarus lineages and between local populations within lineages. The capacity of parasitic larvae of the invasive mussel to exploit R. amarus was higher in a Danubian than in a Baltic R. amarus lineage and in allopatric than in sympatric R. amarus populations. Maladaptive oviposition by R. amarus into A. woodiana varied among populations, with significant population-specific consequences for R. amarus recruitment. We suggest that variation in coevolutionary states may predispose different populations to divergent responses. Given that coevolutionary relationships are ubiquitous, population-specific attributes of invasive and native populations may play a critical role in the outcome of invasion. We argue for a shift from a species-centred to population-centred perspective of the impacts of invasions.

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Gudžinskas, Zigmantas, et Laurynas Taura. « Do Reproductive Traits of Invasive Populations of Scotch Broom, Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae), Outperform Native Populations ? » Plants 11, n^o 16 (19 août 2022) : 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162158.

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Reproductive traits are among the most important factors in determining the success of species establishment and invasion in a new area. Studies on transcontinental invasions have revealed that invasive species perform better in the invasive range than in their native ranges. We assumed that the same regularity exists in intracontinental invasions and thus investigated whether the reproductive traits of Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius, perform better in the alien invasive range in Europe compared to its native range in the same continent. The aim of this research was to reveal the potential and realised fecundity of C. scoparius in its native and invasive ranges, as well as relationships with the size of pods, habitat type, and how these traits vary at the same site in different years. The results of this study were not able to unambiguously confirm our hypothesis that C. scoparius in the invasive range in Lithuania, specifically in the southern part of the Boreal biogeographical region, outperform plants in the native range with regard to the analysed reproductive traits. Potential fecundity of C. scoparius in the native range was significantly higher than in the invaded range; however, realised fecundity was not significantly different between the native and invasive ranges. The pod length was similar in both ranges, whereas the pod width was significantly greater in the invasive range than in the native range. The results suggest that the number of ovules per pod, number of matured seeds, and the size of pods are related with the type of habitat and local environmental conditions in the habitat. Although many studies on other species have confirmed higher fecundity and overall better performance of plants in the invasive range than in the native range on other continents, this rule probably cannot be applied for intracontinental invasive species occurring in relatively close geographical regions to their native ranges.

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Darracq, Andrea K., Lora L. Smith, David H. Oi, L. Mike Conner et Robert A. McCleery. « Invasive ants influence native lizard populations ». Ecosphere 8, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : e01657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1657.

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Baxter-Gilbert, James, Julia L. Riley, Carla Wagener, Cláudia Baider, F. B. Vincent Florens, Peter Kowalski, May Campbell et John Measey. « Island Hopping through Urban Filters : Anthropogenic Habitats and Colonized Landscapes Alter Morphological and Performance Traits of an Invasive Amphibian ». Animals 12, n^o 19 (23 septembre 2022) : 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192549.

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A prominent feature of the modern era is the increasing spread of invasive species, particularly within island and urban ecosystems, and these occurrences provide valuable natural experiments by which evolutionary and invasion hypotheses can be tested. In this study, we used the invasion route of guttural toads (Sclerophrys gutturalis) from natural-native and urban-native populations (Durban, South Africa) to their urban-invasive and natural-invasive populations (Mauritius and Réunion) to determine whether phenotypic changes that arose once the toads became urbanized in their native range have increased their invasive potential before they were transported (i.e., prior adaptation) or whether the observed changes are unique to the invasive populations. This urban/natural by native/invasive gradient allowed us to examine differences in guttural toad morphology (i.e., body size, hindlimb, and hindfoot length) and performance capacity (i.e., escape speed, endurance, and climbing ability) along their invasion route. Our findings indicate that invasive island populations have reduced body sizes, shorter limbs in relation to snout-vent length, decreased escape speeds, and decreased endurance capacities that are distinct from the native mainland populations (i.e., invasion-derived change). Thus, these characteristics did not likely arise directly from a pre-transport anthropogenic “filter” (i.e., urban-derived change). Climbing ability, however, did appear to originate within the urban-native range and was maintained within the invasive populations, thereby suggesting it may have been a prior adaptation that provided this species with an advantage during its establishment in urban areas and spread into natural forests. We discuss how this shift in climbing performance may be ecologically related to the success of urban and invasive guttural toad populations, as well as how it may have impacted other island-derived morphological and performance phenotypes.

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van Kleunen, Mark, Michael Röckle et Marc Stift. « Admixture between native and invasive populations may increase invasiveness of Mimulus guttatus ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 282, n^o 1815 (22 septembre 2015) : 20151487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1487.

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Self-fertilization and admixture of genotypes from different populations can have major fitness consequences in native species. However, few studies have addressed their potential roles in invasive species. Here, we used plants of Mimulus guttatus from seven native North American, three invasive Scottish and four invasive New Zealand populations to address this. We created seeds from self-fertilization, within-population outcrossing, between-population outcrossing within the same range, and outcrossing between the native and invasive ranges. A greenhouse experiment showed that native and invasive plants of M. guttatus suffered to similar degrees from inbreeding depression, in terms of asexual reproduction and biomass production. After outcrossing with plants from other populations, M. guttatus benefited from heterosis, in terms of asexual and sexual reproduction, and biomass production, particularly when plants from native and invasive populations were crossed. This suggests that, when novel genotypes of M. guttatus from the native North American range will be introduced to the invasive ranges, subsequent outcrossing with M. guttatus plants that are already there might further boost invasiveness of this species.

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Bradley, Bethany A., Brittany B. Laginhas, Raj Whitlock, Jenica M. Allen, Amanda E. Bates, Genevieve Bernatchez, Jeffrey M. Diez et al. « Disentangling the abundance–impact relationship for invasive species ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n^o 20 (29 avril 2019) : 9919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818081116.

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To predict the threat of biological invasions to native species, it is critical that we understand how increasing abundance of invasive alien species (IAS) affects native populations and communities. The form of this relationship across taxa and ecosystems is unknown, but is expected to depend strongly on the trophic position of the IAS relative to the native species. Using a global metaanalysis based on 1,258 empirical studies presented in 201 scientific publications, we assessed the shape, direction, and strength of native responses to increasing invader abundance. We also tested how native responses varied with relative trophic position and for responses at the population vs. community levels. As IAS abundance increased, native populations declined nonlinearly by 20%, on average, and community metrics declined linearly by 25%. When at higher trophic levels, invaders tended to cause a strong, nonlinear decline in native populations and communities, with the greatest impacts occurring at low invader abundance. In contrast, invaders at the same trophic level tended to cause a linear decline in native populations and communities, while invaders at lower trophic levels had no consistent impacts. At the community level, increasing invader abundance had significantly larger effects on species evenness and diversity than on species richness. Our results show that native responses to invasion depend critically on invasive species’ abundance and trophic position. Further, these general abundance–impact relationships reveal how IAS impacts are likely to develop during the invasion process and when to best manage them.

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Vicente, Sara, Helena Trindade, Cristina Máguas et Johannes J. Le Roux. « Genetic analyses reveal a complex introduction history of the globally invasive tree Acacia longifolia ». NeoBiota 82 (21 février 2023) : 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.82.87455.

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Acacia longifolia (Sydney golden wattle) is considered one of the most problematic plant invaders in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this study, we investigate the species’ invasion history by comparing the genetic diversity and structure of native (Australia) and several invasive range (Brazil, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and Uruguay) populations and by modelling different introduction scenarios using these data. We sampled 272 A. longifolia individuals – 126 from different invasive ranges and 146 from the native range – from 41 populations. We genotyped all individuals at four chloroplast and 12 nuclear microsatellite markers. From these data we calculated diversity metrics, identified chloroplast haplotypes, and estimated population genetic structure based on Bayesian assignment tests. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) models to infer the likely introduction history into each invaded country. In Australia, population genetic structure of A. longifolia appears to be strongly shaped by the Bass Strait and we identified two genetic clusters largely corresponding to mainland Australian and Tasmanian populations. We found invasive populations to represent a mixture of these clusters. Similar levels of genetic diversity were present in native and invasive ranges, indicating that invasive populations did not go through a genetic bottleneck. Bayesian assignment tests and chloroplast haplotype frequencies further suggested a secondary introduction event between South Africa and Portugal. However, ABC analyses could not confidently identify the native source(s) of invasive populations in these two countries, probably due to the known high propagule pressure that accompanied these introductions. ABC analyses identified Tasmania as the likely source of invasive populations in Brazil and Uruguay. A definitive native source for Spanish populations could also not be identified. This study shows that tracing the introduction history of A. longifolia is difficult, most likely because of the complexity associated with the extensive movement of the species around the world. Our findings should be considered when planning management and control efforts, such as biological control, in some invaded regions.

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Dematteis, Bruno, María S. Ferrucci, Pablo Ortega-Baes et Juan P. Coulleri. « Genome Size Variation Between the Native and Invasive Ranges of Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae) ». Systematic Botany 45, n^o 1 (25 mars 2020) : 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15801369352487.

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Abstract—Invasive species must colonize new habitats away from their native range; therefore, factors affecting plant dispersal play a key role in invasion. The ploidy level and genome size (or Cx value) can affect the dispersal traits, physiology, and ecology of invasive species over a few generations, generating individuals that can face fluctuating environments, exploit new ones, and compete with native species. Several studies have demonstrated that invasive species tend to have smaller genomes than their noninvasive congeners, which is explained by the role that the Cx value plays in phenotypic evolution and ecological tolerance. In order to test this hypothesis, we compare the genome size variation in Argentine populations (invasive range) vs. South African populations (native range) of S. madagascariensis. To meet our goals, we estimated the Cx value of invasive populations collected on field trips, while for native populations we considered available published data. We extracted the bioclimatic variables in order to establish the ecological amplitude in which the genome sizes may be distributed. Our results evidenced larger genomes in the invasive range than in the native one. Furthermore, we propose that large genomes of the invasive populations could be mainly explained by the founder genotypes effect and the anthropogenic introduction of this species to Argentina. In addition, we demonstrated that genotypes with big genomes can tolerate different environmental conditions from those of their native range. Therefore, they could present a greater ability for colonizing new environments. The implications and importance of ploidy level in the invasion of S. madagascariensis are discussed.

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Verdasca, Maria João, Luisa Carvalheiro, Jesus Aguirre Gutierrez, José Pedro Granadeiro, Quentin Rome, Sebastien J. Puechmaille, Rui Rebelo et Hugo Rebelo. « Contrasting patterns from two invasion fronts suggest a niche shift of an invasive predator of native bees ». PeerJ 10 (10 mai 2022) : e13269. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13269.

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Background The accuracy of predictions of invasive species ranges is dependent on niche similarity between invasive and native populations and on our ability to identify the niche characteristics. With this work we aimed to compare the niche dynamics of two genetically related invasive populations of Vespa velutina (an effective predator of honeybees and wild pollinators), in two distinct climatic regions, one in central Europe and another one in the north-western Iberian Peninsula, and hence to identify uninvaded regions susceptible to invasion. Methods Niche dynamics and shifts of V. velutina were assessed by comparing the environmental niches of the native and of the two invasive populations, using climatic, topographic and land use variables. We also ran reciprocal distribution models using different algorithms and records from both native and invasive ranges to compare model predictions and estimate which regions are at a greater risk of being invaded. Results An apparent niche shift was detected in the population of the NW of Iberian Peninsula, where the species is living under environmental conditions different from the native niche. In central Europe, large suitable areas remain unoccupied. The fact that both invasive populations are well established, despite occupying environmentally distinct regions indicates that V. velutina has a high ability to successfully invade different environmental envelopes from those existing in its native range. For example, in north-western Iberian Peninsula the species is now thriving out of its native niche limits. Moreover, the large extent of still unoccupied environmental space with similar conditions to those used by the species in its native range suggests that there is still a large area of central and eastern Europe that can be potentially invaded by the species.

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Grimm, Jaime, Jaimie T. A. Dick, Hugo Verreycken, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stefan Linzmaier et Anthony Ricciardi. « Context-dependent differences in the functional responses of conspecific native and non-native crayfishes ». NeoBiota 54 (12 février 2020) : 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.54.38668.

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Invasive species are proliferating globally and cause a range of impacts, necessitating risk assessment and prioritization prior to management action. Experimentally derived estimates of per capita effects (e.g. functional responses) have been advocated as predictors of field impacts of potential invaders. However, risk assessments based on estimates from single populations can be misleading if per capita effects vary greatly across space and time. Here, we present a large-scale, multi-population comparison of per capita effects of the American spinycheek crayfish, Faxonius (formerly Orconectes) limosus—a species with an extensive invasion history in eastern North America and Europe. Functional responses were measured on individuals from six geographically disparate populations of F. limosus in its native and invaded ranges on two continents. These revealed inter-population differences in both the maximum feeding rate and functional response type that could not be explained by the biogeographic origin of the population nor by time since the invasion. We propose that other differences in source communities (including the presence of competitors) impose selective pressures for phenotypic traits that result in dissimilar per capita effects. We also compared functional responses of the congeners F. limosus and F. virilis in the presence and absence of potential competitors to examine indirect competitive effects on feeding behaviour. The maximum feeding rate of F. limosus, but not F. virilis, was suppressed in the presence of heterospecific and conspecific competitors, demonstrating how the per capita effects of these species can differ across biotic contexts. In the competitor-presence experiments, individuals from the invasive population of F. limosus consistently had a higher maximum feeding rate than those of the native F. virilis, regardless of treatment. Our results caution against invasion risk assessments that use information from only one (or a few) populations or that do not consider the biotic context of target habitats. We conclude that comparative functional responses offer a rapid assessment tool for invader ecological impacts under context dependencies when multiple populations are analyzed.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Native and invasive populations"

Sarvela, Erika Renee. « DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN INVASIVE AND NATIVE POPULATIONS OF BIGHEAD AND SILVER CARP USING MS-AFLP ». OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2807.

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When a species is introduced outside their native range, the genetic diversity of the introduced population is generally decreased due to the founder effect, and the fitness of individuals in the introduced population may decrease due to inbreeding depression. Invasive species are a paradox to this paradigm because while the initial population size of an invasive species may be small in their non-native range, the individuals are able to survive, eat, and reproduce so successfully, that they have deleterious effects on native species. One mechanism that invasive species use to overcome a lack of genetic diversity and adapt to their new environment is CpG methylation, a heritable and environmentally influenced epigenetic modification that regulates the expression of certain genes to alter phenotypes without altering an organism’s DNA sequence.Bighead and silver carps, two species of bigheaded carp native to eastern Asia, are believed to have been introduced to the United States in the 1970s. Since that time, populations of both bighead and silver carp have surged, particularly in the Mississippi River drainage, where they compete with native planktivores for food, injure boaters, and threaten the multi-million dollar fisheries industry in the Great Lakes. In this study, methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphisms (MS-AFLPs) were used to analyze the genetic and epigenetic diversity of bighead and silver carp from the Gan, Pearl, and Yangtze rivers in their native China and from the Illinois River in the United States. While the heterozygosity of silver carp in Illinois was not found to be significantly lower than that of silver carp in China, the silver carp in Illinois did show a significantly higher level of methylation compared to Chinese silver carp. There is evidence that CpG methylation may play a significant role in allowing silver carp to adapt and thrive in an introduced environment.

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Harrison, Laura Jane. « Density and reproduction in native and invasive Linaria vulgaris populations at multiple spatial scales ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5751/.

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Comparing invasive plants in their native and invasive ranges can answer questions about invasion mechanisms and inform management options. However, few studies have considered how density varies with spatial scale or how individual fitness is affected by conspecific density at different spatial scales. A census was carried out of 15 native UK populations of the perennial herb Linaria vulgaris Miller (Plantaginaceae), and of seven invasive populations from a climatically matched area of Alaska. There was no difference in density between native and invasive populations when compared at spatial scales of 0.0625, 0.5, 1 or 4 m2, or when density was measured as a mean field of each population. However, invasive populations covered a larger area, so density was greater at broad spatial scales. The effect of conspecific density on the height and reproduction of ramets varied with the spatial scale and between ranges. Invasive ramets were shorter than native ramets, and therefore produced fewer mature fruit. However, this was more than compensated for by the greater number of viable black seed in invasive fruit than native fruit. One of the reasons for this was the presence of the seed feeding weevil Rhinusa antirrhini in over half of the native, but none of the invasive, fruit. The majority of seed was estimated to fall within 1 m of maternal plants when surrounded with vegetation, but seed travelled further in an unvegetated area. Germination rates were very low in both the field and laboratory. The thesis ends with a description of the biology of L. vulgaris. This work demonstrates that invasion and escape from natural enemies can occur at a broad spatial scale, without increased density and vigour at a fine spatial scale.

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Berman, Maïa. « Impacts of anthropogenic fires and invasive ants on native ant diversity in New Caledonia : from genes to communities ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20086/document.

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La destruction de l'habitat, les invasions biologiques et leur interaction sont des menaces majeures pour la biodiversité. La Nouvelle-Calédonie est menacée à la fois par des feux d'origine humaine, et par des fourmis invasives : il est important de comprendre leur impact sur ce biotope unique. Pour ce faire, une approche hiérarchique intégrant différents aspects de la biodiversité (composition, structure et fonction) a été adoptée. Les fourmis ont une grande importance écologique, en particulier en milieu tropical, et leur classification en groupes fonctionnels facilite l'interprétation de leur réponse aux perturbations environnementales. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient donc d'évaluer les impacts des feux, des fourmis invasives, et de leur interaction, sur les fourmis natives de Nouvelle-Calédonie, et ce à différentes échelles spatiales (globale, régionale, locale) et temporelles (court et long terme), ainsi qu'à divers niveaux d'organisation biologique (communautés, espèces, gènes). L'étude contribue à une meilleure connaissance de la myrmécofaune calédonienne, en révélant l'absence de fourmis souterraines spécialisées, et en documentant la distribution et composition des communautés de fourmis à l'échelle de l'île, en lien avec l'habitat et les fourmis exotiques. Les mécanismes par lesquels les feux impactent les fourmis natives, y compris en association avec les fourmis invasives, sont révélés. Le feu, en créant les conditions de micro- et macrohabitat favorisées par les fourmis invasives, facilite l'invasion, qui cause ensuite d'avantage de perte de diversité, soit quelques années après un incendie ou dans le contexte de la fragmentation à long terme. L'approche hiérarchique a permis de détecter des réponses contrastées au niveau des espèces et de la génétique, liées à différents traits d'histoire de vie, en plus des réponses mesurées au niveau des communautés. Cette étude souligne l'avantage d'une approche holistique pour adresser des problèmes liés à la biodiversité
Habitat destruction, biological invasions and their interaction are global drivers of biodiversity loss. The New Caledonian hotspot of biodiversity is threatened by both anthropogenic fires and invasive ants: it is important to understand their impacts on its biota. Because biodiversity spans several levels of organisation (from genes to communities) and relates to different attributes (compositional, structural and functional), this thesis takes a hierarchical approach to address this issue. Ants are of great ecological importance, especially in tropical biomes, and their classification into functional groups provides a global framework for analysing their response to disturbance. My aims were therefore to investigate the impacts of anthropogenic fires and invasive ants, and their interaction, on the native New Caledonian ant fauna at different spatial (global, regional, local) and temporal (short and long term) scales, and at different levels of biological organisation (community, species, genes). The study contributes to an improved knowledge of the New Caledonian ants, by revealing the lack of specialised subterranean species, and by investigating island-scale patterns of ant communities, in relation to habitat and invasion. The mechanisms by which fire impacts native ants, either as a standalone process or in association with invasion could be identified. In particular, I show that fire, by creating macro- and microhabitats favoured by invasive ants, facilitates invasion, which then causes further diversity declines, either in the short- (post-burning) or long-term (forest fragmentation). The hierarchical approach used enabled the detection of contrasting trait-derived responses at the species and genetic level, in addition to responses measured at the community level. This study highlights the advantage of a holistic approach to investigating biodiversity-related issues

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Wilson, Sarah Jane. « Freshwater macroinvertebrate communities on exotic and native plants ». Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101665.

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Aquatic plants play an important role in the survival and proliferation of invertebrates in freshwater ecosystems. Exotic plants are now common in North American lakes and rivers, where they may displace native plants, thereby potentially altering epiphytic invertebrate communities. Differences in aquatic invertebrate communities on native and exotic plants are examined here through (1) a meta-analysis of published data, and (2) two field surveys in northeastern North America that compared invertebrates on the exotic Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton crispus to those on their native congeners. The meta-analysis revealed that exotic plants generally support lower invertebrate abundance than do natives, while invertebrate taxa richness tends to be similar on exotic and native plants. The field surveys demonstrated that M. spicatum and P. crispus support significantly different invertebrate densities and lower taxa richness than their structurally similar native congeners. These results suggest that the replacement of native plants by exotics---even those with similar morphology---may cause concomitant changes to aquatic ecosystems.

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Romanek, Daniel M. « Competition and allelopathic effects of native and invasive populations of Lonicera maackii : a comparative analysis ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1261414983.

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Beckmann, Michael [Verfasser]. « In Search of Similarities in Invasive Plant Species - Comparing Native and Invasive Populations of Six Clonal Plant Species in Germany and New Zealand / Michael Beckmann ». Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153400855/34.

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Tsutsui, Neil Durie. « Population genetics of the invasive Argentine ant in its native and introduced ranges / ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984805.

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Jelbert, K. « The comparative demography of invasive plants ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34994.

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Biodiversity, ecosystems, industry and human health are threatened by invasive plant species. The costs of mitigating damages run into billions of pounds per annum. Fundamental to the control of invasive plant species is an ability to predict which species will become invasive. Yet identification of predictive differences between invasive and non-invasive species has proven difficult to pinpoint. In this thesis I identify several weaknesses within published literature, and using field experiments and meta-analyses we address these to find consistent predictors of invasiveness amongst plants. Specifically, I recognize that predictors of invasiveness can be identified by studying plant species in the native range because species may undergo phenotypic and demographic changes following naturalization (Chapters 2 – 5). I also recognize the importance of comparing globally invasive and non-invasive species, and the importance of accounting for phylogenetic relationships so as not to inflate or conceal differences (Chapters 2 – 4). Finally, I investigate whether particular analyses are more appropriate for investigating life history and demographic differences (Chapter 5). This thesis comprises an introductory chapter (Chapter 1), four data chapters (Chapters 2 - 5) and a general discussion (Chapter 6). Chapters 2 and 3 compare life history traits of plant species known to be invasive elsewhere, with their exported but non-invasive sympatric relatives in the native range. Chapter 4 utilizes Population Projection Matrices held within the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database, to compare demographic projections of stable and transient dynamics of invasive and non-invasive plants; and Chapter 5 compares ten metrics, derived from Population Projection Matrices, of seven invasive species between the native and invaded range to determine if there are demographic or life history differences that facilitate invasion, and to identify those analyses that are most likely to reveal such differences. I find reproductive capacity to be a predictor of invasiveness, and that analyses of transient dynamics are more likely than analyses of projected stable dynamics to reveal demographic or life history differences between invasive and non-invasive species or populations of plants. I discuss these findings in the context of invasive risk assessment protocols and highlight future research opportunities.

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Snyder, Matthew Robert. « Environmental DNA Detection and Population Genetic Patterns of Native and Invasive Great Lakes Fishes ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564680483342507.

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Bailey, R. J. E. « Predatory interactions between the invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus and the native Opossum shrimp Mysis relicta ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368463.

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Livres sur le sujet "Native and invasive populations"

Wilson, S. McG. Locations of populations of Scottish native trees. Edinburgh : Scottish Forestry Trust, 2000.

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Society, Arkansas Native Plant. Field guide to invasive non-native plant species in Arkansas. Mena, Ark : Arkansas Native Plant Society, 2003.

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Lakes and Ponds Program (Mass.), dir. A guide to invasive non-native aquatic plants in Massachusetts. Boston, MA : Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Management, Lakes and Ponds Program, 1997.

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Hellquist, C. B. A guide to selected invasive non-native aquatic plants in Massachusetts. Boston, MA : Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Management, Lakes and Ponds Program, 2001.

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Alberta. Native Affairs Secretariat. Policy and Planning Branch. A demographic overview of the Native populations in Alberta. Edmonton : The Dept., 1985.

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Shrader, Terry. Effects of invasive yellow perch on gamefish and zooplankton populations of Phillips Reservoir. Portland, OR : Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, 2000.

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Rokala, D. A. Diabetes in native populations of North America : An annotated bibliography. Winnipeg : Northern Health Research Unit, University of Manitoba, 1991.

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Kōichi, Kaji, Takatsuki Seiki et SpringerLink (Online service), dir. Sika Deer : Biology and Management of Native and Introduced Populations. Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2009.

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Roten, Rory L. Establishing native vegetation and improved invasive species control on North Carolina roadsides. Raleigh, N.C : North Carolina Dept. of Transportation, Research and Development Unit, 2011.

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L, Carlson Matthew, et United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region., dir. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of Alaska. [Anchorage, Alaska] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, 2008.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Native and invasive populations"

Hill, Martin P., et Julie A. Coetzee. « How can progress in the understanding of antagonistic interactions be applied to improve biological control of plant invasions ? » Dans Plant invasions : the role of biotic interactions, 363–76. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0363.

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Abstract Classical biological control has been used as a management tool for invasive non-native plant species globally for over 200 years. There have been some very successful programmes, most notably on waterweeds, cacti and seed reduction in perennial trees. Seventy per cent of agents released have established in at least one instance, and 66% of the targeted invasive species have showed some level of control. However, some programmes have failed to meet expectations, for example on Lantana camara. The most commonly cited reasons for the failure of establishment or limited efficacy of biological control agents are unsuitable climatic conditions and genotype incompatibility. We propose that antagonistic biotic interactions play a significant role in the outcomes of weed biological control programmes. Induced plant defences (physical and chemical) that can be mounted rapidly by the invasive non-native plants can result in the reduction in agent populations after initial attack. Rapid induction of plant defences have been implicated in the lack of long-term establishment of the agent Falconia intermedia that showed great initial promise against the widespread invasive shrub L. camara. Host range expansion by native natural enemies onto biological control agents have also been shown to reduce population growth of agents. Finally, competition from indigenous plant species aids invasive alien plant population reduction in the presence of herbivory. All three factors have been poorly studied and further work is needed to better explain the outcomes of weed biological control programmes.

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Hui, Cang, Pietro Landi et Guillaume Latombe. « The role of biotic interactions in invasion ecology : theories and hypotheses. » Dans Plant invasions : the role of biotic interactions, 26–44. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0026.

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Abstract Changes in biotic interactions in the native and invaded range can enable a non-native species to establish and spread in novel environments. Invasive non-native species can in turn generate impacts in recipient systems partly through the changes they impose on biotic interactions; these interactions can lead to altered ecosystem processes in the recipient systems. This chapter reviews models, theories and hypotheses on how invasion performance and impact of introduced species in recipient ecosystems can be conjectured according to biotic interactions between native and non-native species. It starts by exploring the nature of biotic interactions as ensembles of ecological and evolutionary games between individuals of both the same and different groups. This allows us to categorize biotic interactions as direct and indirect (i.e. those involving more than two species) that emerge from both coevolution and ecological fitting during community assembly and invasion. We then introduce conceptual models that can reveal the ecological and evolutionary dynamics between interacting non-native and resident species in ecological networks and communities. Moving from such theoretical grounding, we review 20 hypotheses that have been proposed in invasion ecology to explain the invasion performance of a single non-native species, and seven hypotheses relating to the creation and function of assemblages of non-native species within recipient ecosystems. We argue that, although biotic interactions are ubiquitous and quintessential to the assessment of invasion performance, they are nonetheless difficult to detect and measure due to strength dependency on sampling scales and population densities, as well as the non-equilibrium transient dynamics of ecological communities and networks. We therefore call for coordinated efforts in invasion science and beyond, to devise and review approaches that can rapidly map out the entire web of dynamic interactions in a recipient ecosystem.

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Honor, Richard, et Robert I. Colautti. « EICA 2.0 : a general model of enemy release and defence in plant and animal invasions. » Dans Plant invasions : the role of biotic interactions, 192–207. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0192.

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Abstract Plants and animals have evolved a variety of strategies to limit the negative fitness consequences of natural enemies (i.e. herbivores, predators, parasites and pathogens). Demographic bottlenecks occurring during the invasion process reduce the number of co-introduced natural enemies, providing opportunities to study rapid evolution in environments with different or reduced enemy loads. Enemy release theory provides a set of hypotheses and predictions about the role of natural enemies in the proliferation of invasive species. This body of theory includes the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) and the related Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability Hypothesis (EICA), but there is often confusion about these hypotheses and the data needed to test them. We introduce a simple, general model of enemy release to identify and clarify some of the key assumptions and predictions implicit in enemy release theory and its impacts on invasion. Although introduced populations likely benefit from a reduction in the direct fitness impacts of natural enemies in the early stages of invasion, an evolutionary shift in resource allocation from defence to growth and reproduction is much less likely and depends on a delicate balance between the fitness costs and benefits of defence and the fitness impacts of natural enemies in both the native and introduced ranges. Even when the abundance of natural enemies is lower in the introduced range, the majority of scenarios do not favour evolution of less defended genotypes that are more competitive or more fecund, contrary to predictions of EICA. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that the level of damage by natural enemies in field surveys is not generally a good parameter for testing enemy release theory. Instead, common garden experiments characterizing fitness reaction norms of multiple genotypes from the native and introduced range are crucial to estimate the historic rate of adaptive evolution or predict it into the future. Incorporating spatial autocorrelation and methods from population genetics can further improve our understanding of the role of enemy release and evolution in the proliferation of invasive species.

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Kuebbing, Sara E. « How direct and indirect non-native interactions can promote plant invasions, lead to invasional meltdown and inform management decisions. » Dans Plant invasions : the role of biotic interactions, 153–76. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0153.

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Abstract In 1999, Daniel Simberloff and Betsy Von Holle introduced the term 'invasional meltdown'. The term and the concept have been embraced and critiqued but have taken a firm hold within the invasion biology canon. The original formulation of the concept argued two key points: first, biologists rarely study how non-natives interact with one another. Second, nearly all the conceptual models about the success and impact of invasive species are predicated on the importance of competitive interactions and an implicit assumption that non-natives should interfere with establishment, spread and impact of other non-natives. In response, Simberloff and Von Holle called for more research on invader interactions and proposed an alternative consequence of non-native species interactions - invasional meltdown - where facilitative interactions among non-natives could increase the invasion rate or ecological impacts in invaded systems. This chapter outlines the primary pathways in which direct and indirect interactions among non-natives could lead to invasional meltdown. It provides examples of how different types of interactions among non-natives could lead to net positive effects on the invasion success of non-native plants or the impact of non-native plants on invaded ecosystems. Direct effects are by far the most commonly explored form of non-native- non- native interaction, primarily focusing on plant mutualisms with pollinators, seed dispersers or soil microbial mutualists. There are, however, also examples of non-native plants that benefit from commensal and even herbivorous interactions with other non-natives. Indirect interactions among non-natives are very infrequently studied. Although examples are scarce, non-natives may indirectly benefit other non-native plants through trophic cascades, apparent competition and indirect mutualisms. It remains unclear whether indirect effects are important pathways to invasional meltdown. More work is needed on studying ecosystems that are invaded by multiple non-native species and we need to consider the full range of interactions among non-natives that could either stymie or promote their spread, population growth and impact. Only then can we address how common facilitative interactions are relative to competitive interactions among non-natives or provide robust suggestions on how to manage ecosystems.

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Rainho, Ana, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir, Javier Juste et Jorge M. Palmeirim. « Current Knowledge and Conservation of the Wild Mammals of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands ». Dans Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 593–619. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_22.

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AbstractOceanic islands are usually difficult for mammals to colonize; consequently, the native mammal fauna is typically species-poor, often consisting of just a few species of bats. The oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea are no exception to this pattern. Still, the known mammal richness is relatively high for the small size of the islands. Out of a total of 13 native species, including 11 bats and 2 shrews, at least 7 species and 3 subspecies are single-island endemics. In addition to native species, at least 6 other wild mammals have been introduced to the islands purposely or accidentally by humans. Some of these are among the world’s most notorious invasive species and cause damage to native species, ecosystems, and humans. Predation by exotic species can threaten native island mammals, which are especially sensitive due to their small populations and limited ranges. These impacts are likely worsened by other threats, such as forest degradation and climate change, and a general lack of knowledge about the natural history of most species also hampers the implementation of conservation measures. Therefore, fostering further research on the endemic-rich mammal fauna of these islands is vital to ensure their persistence.

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Lamphere, Reneè, et Matthew R. Hassett. « Incarcerated Indigenous and Native American Populations ». Dans Handbook on Inequalities in Sentencing and Corrections among Marginalized Populations, 223–39. New York : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003245032-12.

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Galil, Bella S. « A Sea, a Canal, a Disaster : The Suez Canal and the Transformation of the Mediterranean Biota ». Dans Palgrave Studies in Maritime Politics and Security, 199–215. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15670-0_10.

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AbstractThe introduction of non-native species is among the main direct drivers of biodiversity change. Off the Israeli coast 445 non-native species were recorded thus far, more than anywhere in the Mediterranean Sea. The number of recorded introductions has been rising inexorably, tripling since the 1970s. Nearly all have been introduced through the ever-enlarged Suez Canal. Worldwide there is no other vector of marine bioinvasions that delivers as high a propagule supply for so long to a certain locale. Once established, the non-native species are unlikely to be contained or controlled and their impacts are irreversible. The Canal-introduced species form prominent micro-communities and biological facies in most littoral habitats, some have been documented to displace or reduce populations of native species, alter community structure and food webs, change ecosystem functioning and the consequent provision of goods and services—profound ecological impacts that undermine the goals of sustainable blue economy in the Mediterranean Sea.These species have been spreading throughout the Mediterranean Sea while the Israeli shelf serves as a hotspot, beachhead, and dispersal hub. Their spatial and temporal spread has advanced concurrently with successive enlargements of the Suez Canal, rise in mean seawater temperature, and prevalence, duration, and severity of marine heat waves increase. The invasion poses a challenge to the environmental ethics and policies of the Mediterranean countries. As signatories to the Convention on Biological Diversity these countries are required to prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species (Article 8(h)), and ensure that the environmental consequences of their policies that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity are taken into account (Article 14.1). The present Egyptian government is in a position to reduce future introductions. Egypt announced the development of 35 desalination plants, of which the first 17 plants will add 2.8 million m3 daily capacity. It is suggested that an environmental impact assessment evaluates the environmental and economic consequences of utilizing the brine effluents from the large-scale desalination plants constructed in the vicinity of the Suez Canal to restore the salinity barrier once posed by the Bitter Lakes.

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Hindar, Kjetil. « Introductions at the Level of Genes and Populations ». Dans Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management, 149–61. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_10.

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Omdal, Stuart, Harvey Rude, George Betts et Royal Toy. « American Indian Students : Balancing Western and Native Giftedness ». Dans Special Populations in Gifted Education, 73–97. New York : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003238157-5.

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Faeth, S. H., D. Wilson, M. Helander, K. Saikkonen, F. Schulthess et T. J. Sullivan. « Neotyphodium in Native Populations of Arizona Fescue ». Dans Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions, 165–66. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0271-9_27.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Native and invasive populations"

Klimovich, I. D., et L. A. Chudyakova. « CENOTIC FEATURES OF POPULATIONS OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES HERACULUM SOSNOWSKYI MANDEN. ON THE TERRITORY OF DZERZHINSK DISTRICT ». Dans SAKHAROV READINGS 2022 : ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-151-155.

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The increase in the rate of introduction of invasive species into the structure of the native flora of Belarus raises concerns about this issue. However, understanding the basic biology issues of alien species is not enough to combat them. The authors of the study believe that considering the population characteristics of invasive species is the key to combating them. Favorable conditions for acclimatization of the Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. species are shown for Dzerzhinsk district, which contributes to an increase in the growth rate of its populations. It has been established that some types of borscht control lead to a decrease in the dynamics of its number in the conditions of Dzerzhinsk flora.

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Negrea, Bogdan-Mihai, Emilian Pricop, Adrian-Radu Rey, Carmen Catuna-Boca et Marian Trisciuc. « ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE SPREAD OF NON-NATIVE INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN THE UPPER BASIN OF THE BISTRITA MOUNTAIN RIVER, EASTERN CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA ». Dans 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.38.

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In this paper, we intended to analyze non-native plant species that spread uncontrollably and have a visible and quantifiable impact in the analyzed area. The analyzed plant species demonstrate a strong invasive character, overwhelming the native plant species. This fact leads to a loss of biodiversity at the local level, but especially to production loss of the useful biomass on the invaded land surfaces. The aim of this paper is to show a practical method of analysis and evaluation of economic losses at the local level caused by invasive plant species. At the same time, the paper wants to explain the factors that favor the spread of these invasive species on the territory of the investigated area. The most important factors contributing to the spread of these species are also noted. These are represented in particular by change in land use, climate change and uncontrolled, irresponsible growth in the gardens of these plant species. Invasive plant species such as Reynoutria japonica Houtt, Impatiens glandulifera Royle, Solidago canadensis L., are discussed. The populations of these species have a visible and quantifiable impact that can be found in the biomass production of the surfaces on which they grow. The uncontrolled spread of the populations made of these plant species leads to the damage of useful lands traditionally used for grazing or harvesting fodder for farm animals. In this paper, a method is outlined for the assessment of harvest losses on the surfaces affected by the populations of these plants.

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Hutcheson, Joshua D., et W. David Merryman. « Serotonin Antagonists Prevent Cytokine and Mechanical Activation of Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells ». Dans ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19389.

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Degenerative aortic valve disease (DAVD) is the most common heart valve pathology and is especially prevalent in the elderly population. Studies have shown that stenosis, the most severe form of DAVD, increases in prevalence from 0.7% in people between 18 and 44 years of age to over 13% of people over 75 years of age. Furthermore, early symptoms of DAVD have been detected in 29% of patients over 65 years of age. These symptoms are associated with a 50% increase in cardiovascular related morbidity and a similar increase in the risk of myocardial infarction [1]. Currently, aortic valve (AV) replacement surgery is the only method available to correct DAVD, and while these procedures have become less invasive, replacement valves are still rather expensive and do not function as well as native valves. Therefore, the development of a therapeutic that could prevent DAVD would greatly benefit many patients.

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Cebotari, Cristina. « Importance of Exorista Larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera : Tachinidae) species in the biological regulation of Lepidoptera species ». Dans Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.29.

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Exorista larvarum is a dipteran polyphagous larval endoparasitoid particularly known as antagonist of Lepidoptera. Exorista larvarum is a good biocontrol candidate against forest lepidopterous defoliators. This parasitoid has positive features, among which, it can be efficiently reared in vivo and in vitro. In the laboratory, box tree moth larvae were accepted by E. larvarum females. A lower number of eggs were laid on C. perspectalis than on G. mellonella, but the difference between the two moth species was not significant, although a quite long 3 hours exposure time was necessary for oviposition. We can speculate that, although not the preferred host, C. perspectalis may be accepted by E. larvarum also in nature. The overall results suggest that the mortality of C. perspectalis and G. mellonella larvae due to the partial development of E. larvarum may be useful to regulate the populations of this invasive pest in a context of conservative biological control.

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Prithwish Chakraborty, Gourab Ghosh Roy, Swagatam Das et B. K. Panigrahi. « On population variance and explorative power of invasive weed optimization algorithm ». Dans 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393699.

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King, Joshua R. « Competition between invasive and native ants ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95331.

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Bernauer, Olivia M. « The Maryland native bee survey : Utilizing citizen scientists to monitor native bee populations ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109150.

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Duarte, Raquel, João Paulino, Ana Martins, Miguel Machado et Rita Gaio. « Tuberculosis in native and foreign born populations in Portugal ». Dans Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2743.

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Whitney, Elizabeth R. « Do native mites suppress invasive herbivores on eastern hemlock ? » Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113920.

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Sarateanu, Veronica. « INCIDENCE OF INVASIVE NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN PERMANENT GRASSLANDS FROM WESTERN ROMANIAN CARPATHIANS ». Dans 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/51/s20.077.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Native and invasive populations"

Epiphan, Jean, et Steven Handel. Trajectory of forest vegetation under contrasting stressors over a 26-year period, at Morristown National Historical Park : Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297281.

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The Jockey Hollow section and the New Jersey Brigade Area of Morristown National Historical Park (MORR) are predominantly comprised of upland oak-hickory forests that have regrown over the past 200 years from previous land uses. The forest is being damaged by two major stressors, a large population of white-tailed deer and an abundance of non-native, invasive shrubs and herbaceous species. This study explores changes to the forest over 26 years and suggests management techniques to avoid future degradation. The forest is typical of many upland stands in the region, and studies here would be applicable to many lands controlled by the National Park Service and to many public and private land owners. In 1995, 18 vegetation experimental plots were established in the forest, each 20 x 20 m. Ten plots were in areas that had no non-native, invasive plants. The other eight plots had invasive species. All trees, shrubs and a sampling of herbs were recorded in each of the 18 plots. At that time, no GPS technology was available and handwritten maps were used to record locations. The plots were revisited and resurveyed in 2001; however, only 13 plots were found. This 2021 study is a new survey of the plot conditions. The investigators were able to relocate 17 of the original plots. New GPS locations were recorded for these 17 plots to facilitate future studies. The goal of the study was to test if changes over 26 years in forest conditions differed between the original invaded plots as compared to the uninvaded plots. Also, these data will allow us to measure the progress of invasion into previously uninvaded areas. Together, these results will allow the forest managers to focus attention on the most aggressive plant invaders and to understand the fate of this forest type that is being challenged by deer and non-native plants. Over the last 26 years there has been no hunting for deer here. Also, the plots were not within the few deer exclosures at MORR; deer were able to enter the landscape from surrounding heavily wooded areas. Data were collected in four layers of vegetation – mature trees, saplings, shrubs, and herbaceous groundcovers. The mature trees in the invaded forest plots demonstrated declining trends. The species richness declined by 6%, the average number of trees declined by 30%, white ash and flowering dogwood had the most losses, and basal area did not increase over time because very few new saplings grew into mature tree sizes. The uninvaded plots’ mature trees also revealed a 20% declined in richness, number of trees declined by 18%, the greatest losses occurred for red maple and black birch, but basal area increased slightly due to growth of large persisting trees. Saplings in the invaded forest experienced declines over the 26 years. Species richness declined by 38%, number of native saplings decreased by 44%, and number of invasive saplings increased by 600%. In the uninvaded forest, the conditions and trends were variable. Richness decreased by 21%, no invasive saplings found, number of native saplings increased by 37% (due to increases in American beech). With American beech excluded, the number of native saplings decreased by 60%. In both forest types, the declining number of native saplings was primarily caused by excessive deer damage. For the shrub layer in invaded plots, Japanese barberry stems increased by 122% by 2001 and 276% by 2021. Barberry became the dominant species. Similarly, wineberry stands increased 486% in 2001 and 157% for 2021. It is now the second most common species. However, in the uninvaded plots there was no significant increase in the number of barberry stems and wineberry was not present in 1995 or 2001, and only averaged 1.5 stems per plot in 2021. Neither species has a significant presence now and eradication is possible. A major finding is that the process of invasion of these shrubs over 26 years is very slow. For the herbaceous plants, in the invaded plots there was a sharp decrease in cover by 2021 due to the competitive impact by the abundant invasive shrubs. The invasive Japanese stiltgrass declined 86% in cover and native Carex (sedge) species declined by 78%. In the uninvaded forest plots, stiltgrass was present in very low amounts and did not increase significantly over 26 years. The number of quadrats with any stiltgrass only increased from 3 to 5 over the 26 years. These data show that stiltgrass invades slowly in the uninvaded plots, but in the invaded plots it was greatly replaced by invasive shrubs. Overall, the rate of change of the native herb cover was slow. Together, these data suggest that currently uninvaded forest areas can be protected by monitoring and rigorously eliminating any initial invasions by non-native shrubs and herbs. Once these species reach a significant presence in number of stems or cover in a plot they explode in number. Early intervention when invasive plants first appear is the most practical management tool. Reduction of deer density will also increase the reproductive potential and sustainability of our main forest tree species. Planting of new young canopy tree species, with protection from deer, can retard the ability of invasive plants to begin new populations.

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Marks, David R. Mute Swans. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, février 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208745.ws.

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Mute swans (Cygnus olor) are an invasive species originally brought to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for ornamental ponds and lakes, zoos and aviculture collections. Original populations were located in northeastern states along the Hudson Valley but have since expanded to several Midwestern states and portions of the western U.S. and Canada. Mute swan damage includes competing with native waterfowl, destroying native plants, spreading disease, and colliding with aircraft. They are also considered a nuisance in some areas due to their abundant fecal droppings and aggressiveness towards people. Some have questioned the status of mute swans as an introduced species, but multiple reviews by scientists and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service clearly support the conclusion that mute swans are not native to North America. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act, therefore, does not protect mute swans, and management authority falls under jurisdiction of the states and Tribes.

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Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove et Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore : SCUBA-based search and removal efforts : 2019–2020. National Park Service, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.

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Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.

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Shamblin, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Mario Londono et Judd Patterson. South Florida/Caribbean Network early detection protocol for exotic plants : Corridors of invasiveness. National Park Service, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293364.

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Exotic plant populations can be potentially catastrophic to the natural communities of South Florida. Aggressive exotics such as Brazillian Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquinervia) have displaced native habitats and formed monocultures of exotic stands (Dalrymple et al. 2003). Nearby plant nurseries, especially the ones outside the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (BISC) and Everglades National Park (EVER), are a continuous source of new exotic species that may become established within South Florida’s national parks. Early detection and rapid response to these new species of exotic plants is important to maintaining the integrity of the parks’ natural habitats and is a cost-effective approach to management. The South Florida/Caribbean Network (SFCN) developed the South Florida/Caribbean Network Early Detection Protocol for Exotic Plants to target early detection of these potential invaders. Three national parks of South Florida are monitored for invasive, exotic plants using this protocol: Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY), Biscayne National Park (BISC), and Everglades National Park (EVER). These national parks include some 2,411,000 acres (3,767.2 square miles [mi2]) that encompass a variety of habitat types. To monitor the entire area for new species would not be feasible; therefore the basic approach of this protocol is to scan major “corridors of invasiveness,” e.g., paved and unpaved roads, trails, trail heads, off road vehicle (ORV) trails, boat ramps, canals, and campgrounds, for exotic plant species new to the national parks of South Florida. Sampling is optimized using a two- to three-person crew: a trained botanist, a certified herbicide applicator, and optionally a SFCN (or IPMT [Invasive Plant Management Team]) staff member or park staff to take photographs and help with data collection. If infestations are small, they are treated immediately by the herbicide applicator. If large, they are reported to park staff and the Invasive Plant Management Team. The sampling domain is partitioned into five regions, with one region sampled per year. Regions include the terrestrial habitats of Biscayne National Park, the eastern region of Everglades National Park, the western region of Everglades National Park, the northern region of Big Cypress National Preserve, and the southern region of Big Cypress National Preserve. Monitoring of roads, trails, and canals occurs while traveling into and through the parks (i.e., travel at 2–10 mph) using motorized vehicles, airboats, and/or hiking. Campgrounds, boat launches, trailheads, and similar areas, involve complete searches. When an exotic plant is observed, a GPS location is obtained, and coordinates are taken of the plant. Photographs are not taken for every exotic plant encountered, but photographs will be taken for new and unusual species (for example a coastal exotic found in inland habitats). Information recorded at each location includes the species name, size of infestation, abundance, cover class, any treatment/control action taken, and relevant notes. During the surveys, a GPS “track” is also recorded to document the areas surveyed and a field of view is estimated. Field notes, pictures, and GPS data are compiled, entered, and analyzed in a Microsoft Access database. Resource briefs (and optional data summary reports) and associated shapefiles and data are then produced and sent to contacts within the corresponding national parks.

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D'Amore, Danny M. Behavioural syndrome, but not invasive syndrome, found in hybrid Xiphophorus helleri populations. Peeref, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2206p9523996.

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Schaefer, Andrew, et Marybeth Mattingly. Demographic and Economic Characteristics of Immigrant and Native-Born Populations in Rural and Urban Places. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.273.

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Ferguson, Dennis E., et Christine L. Craig. Response of six non-native invasive plant species to wildfires in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Ft. Collins, CO : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-78.

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Coulter, C., K. Voelke, W. Vagt et Camp Rilea. Eliminating Invasive Introduced Species While Preserving Native Species in Coastal Meadow Habitat, a Critically Imperiled Ecosystem. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada534618.

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Smith, Thomas, et Ann L. Hild. Effectiveness of Selected Native Plants as Competitors with Non-indigenous and Invasive Knapweed and Thistle Species. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada553671.

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Davis, A. C. D. Distribution and abundance of native marine species and an invasive predator on coral reefs of Eleuthera, the Bahamas. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305845.

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