Thèses sur le sujet « Noblesse – France – Histoire militaire »
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Guerreiro, Lucy. « Arrière-ban et noblesse : le service militaire féodal en France (1445-1598) ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ANGE0007.
Texte intégralDuring the 15th century, the french royal army was composed of several armed forces and primarily the ban and arriere ban. Even with creation of a permanent army in 1445 by Charles VII, the feudal military service due to the king by his vassals for possession of a fief continues. Composed by the whole nobility, it is inside arriere ban that nobles fight and ensure the protection of society. During the 16th century, the royal power never ceased to use it and to try to reform it in order to make it more effective and adapt it to the new conditions of war. As in 1503-1504, where, under Marshal de Gié, a general survey of fiefs of the kingdom was launched. In 1539-1541, Francis I launched a new general survey which resulted in the development of income thresholds associated with a type of military equipment, because type of military service depended on level of feudataries’ incomes.The purpose of this work is to draw a portrait of the feudal military institution, to understand its organization and operating during 150 years with three types of sources. Royal orders and Rules because it rules feudal military service. Convocations, which is the king’s calling nobles and feudataries to war, because it permits to observe when arriere ban is used by the royal power. Finally, the « roles », lists of names of feudataries which contain informations like incomes levels and military equipment. The question is to see how far arriere ban is integrated into the wars of the late 15th and 16th centuries and to identify its missions, in a time of changes at war and affirmation of the Modern State
Gondret, Émilie. « Raoul, comte d'Eu et de Guines (129?-1345) : une vie, un office, un milieu ». Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040282.
Texte intégralRalph, count of Eu, became constable of France in 1329 at the death of Gaucher de Châtillon, his predecessor. The sources have made possible to study three aspects of this man : in a first time, his life and action as constable of France at the beginning of the Hundred Years War, including a chapter on the office of constable. Secondly, his circle of knights and men-at-arms who served him in his house or his company at war. Then the second volume contains the complete edition of his register of accounts and some other sources (his bataille for 1340). This document is useful for the historians to understand a lifestyle of a great lord in the beginning of the XIVth century : his house, his family circle, his life during the military campaigns and the merchants who made possible such a lifestyle. This is a contribution to military, nobility and political history as well as one to economic and social history
Gibiat, Samuel. « Hiérarchies sociales et ennoblissement au XVIIIè siècle : l'exemple des commissaires des guerres de la Maison du roi, 1691-1790 ». Paris, EPHE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPHE4034.
Texte intégralFrom 1691 to 1790, military commissioners of the Household troops presented a social pattern of lasting ennoblement by merging into the military. As holders of mainly honorific offices, close with sinecures, they gradually limited themselves to a world of representations, in which household troops supply reviews –their unique source of authority- had acquired a symbolic value centred on their illusive function as juges de police. Eventually the Household troops appeared as a microcosm of nobility: court aristocrats monopolized the commanding and administering functions, thus offering a typical example of transfer from professional into social hierarchy. In spite of similarities with the global market of royal secretary ship and fiscal offices and in spite of the persistency of a class ladder superimposed on the Ancien Régime hierarchy of ranks, the story of the twenty different offices of such a small unit was characteristic of the ability of an heterogeneous group to adapt itself and to survive through the progressive growth of an esprit de corps when their privileges and prerogatives were endangered. The similar matrimonial strategies of the commissioners' parents and of the commissioners themselves proved their respect of traditional values, however different might have been their family origin or wealth level and whatever might have been the progress of Enlightenment and the growing influence of the world of finance on their recruitment. The military commissioner of the Household troops thus appears as typical of non capitalistic middle class elite. Clearly they were the melting-pot of a group, in which social climbing was strictly subordinated to matrimonial strategy and inherited wealth
Roux, Pascal. « Société militaire, société civile à Toulouse au XVIIIème siècle : de l'Ancien Régime à la Révolution (vers 1740-1799) ». Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20029.
Texte intégralToulouse which ranked among the main administrative provincial cities in the eighteenth century had only few direct contacts with the military institution before 1792. This institution played a part at essentially three levels in the life of the city. From the war of succession in Austria onwards, the army became the favoured instrument of the state in its fight against the municipal craving for autonomy. It was also at the centre of the debate about security which troubled France during the age of the Enlightment. In the "Pink city", this meant a militarization of the watch which gradually came to be controlled by a commander-in-chief of the province, to the great displeasure of the "Capitouls". Concerning these two aspects, the revolution did but put the finishing touches to the work started by the bourbons. Last but not least, Toulouse was at the same time the starting point of military careers and a centre of attraction for soldiers on leave or retired from service. The officers in Toulouse, on whom we have focused our essay, were in an uncomfortable situation for two reasons. Their careers were generally second-rate because of several drawbacks: recently acquired nobility, isolation, distance from the capital city. In Toulouse, they were overshadowed by the magistrates of the parliament who controlled the local cultural, intellectual and social life. Therefore, in order to carry some weight in the city, they tried to control some places of sociability or even to create new ones. During the revolution, most of them emigrated or left service, leaving room for new military elite, mainly composed of former soldiers. Although the republican officers stood out on the battlefields more than their predecessors, they disappeared completely from the foreground of the Toulouse scene because of their humble origins
Klapka, Petr. « Jean-Louis Ratuit de Souches (1608-1682). De La Rochelle au service des Habsbourg. Contribution à l'étude des migrations nobiliaires francophones dans les pays de la Couronne de Bohême aux XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040039.
Texte intégralNoble society in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown knew from 1620 to the 1650’s considerable transformations. The radical change in its structure was in part linked to the arrival of new families from mostly German speaking nobility. These families weren’t the only ones to look for career and fortune at the service of the Emperor. There were also many Spanish, Irish and Scottish noble families, the families that came from Spanish Holland and the French lineages. These ones originated from an important geographical area containing French regions of Burgundy, Provence, Artois and Hainaut with the town of Cambrai, Lorraine and going up to Savoy. Indeed, this type of migratory phenomenon extended largely its boundaries and we cannot limit the study to only the French because the culture and language were more important than origin. Yet, there is no analytical study of this type of migration and it remains widely neglected. The purpose of this study was to show the particular destiny of one nobleman in the Czech Crown Lands (specifically in the Margraviat of Moravia), Jean Louis Ratuit de Souches (1608-1682). Being a contemporary of the great and better-known military celebrities, such as Le Grand Condé, Raimondo Montecuccoli, Gustave-Adolphe or Turenne, Jean Louis Ratuit de Souches also accomplished great feats that must be studied. Born into small Huguenot nobility in La Rochelle, he pursued a career at the service of the Habsburgs. As a soldier, he often fought for the protestant cause, first in La Rochelle, his hometown, against the troops of Louis 13th, then with the Swedish army against the imperials. Later on, he became one of Ferdinand 3rd ’s general, then one of Leopold 1st ’s by using his knowledge of the enemy’s tactics to fight the Swedish and the French. Although he came from a modest household, he rose to be considered as one of the greatest military leaders at the time and amassed a considerable fortune earning him much respect but also criticism and jealousy from the Army and the Viennese Court. To be a part of this new milieu, Jean Louis Ratuit de Souches converted and to prove his faith, he even constructed a place of pilgrimage on his Moravian lands. Contrary to many of his fellow citizens, he deeply influenced the country’s History and his legend lived on after his death: there are countless stories, paintings and all kinds of monuments and festivities in his honor. However yet today, a lot of his personal and public life still unknown. These studies have also given a chance to conceive a catalog of biographical and bibliographical archives regarding the French speaking families that lived in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown between 1618 and 1740. The catalog guides us through this particular migratory phenomenon and may be the starting point of future studies
Klapka, Petr. « Jean-Louis Ratuit de Souches (1608-1682). De La Rochelle au service des Habsbourg. Contribution à l'étude des migrations nobiliaires francophones dans les pays de la Couronne de Bohême aux XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040039/document.
Texte intégralNoble society in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown knew from 1620 to the 1650’s considerable transformations. The radical change in its structure was in part linked to the arrival of new families from mostly German speaking nobility. These families weren’t the only ones to look for career and fortune at the service of the Emperor. There were also many Spanish, Irish and Scottish noble families, the families that came from Spanish Holland and the French lineages. These ones originated from an important geographical area containing French regions of Burgundy, Provence, Artois and Hainaut with the town of Cambrai, Lorraine and going up to Savoy. Indeed, this type of migratory phenomenon extended largely its boundaries and we cannot limit the study to only the French because the culture and language were more important than origin. Yet, there is no analytical study of this type of migration and it remains widely neglected. The purpose of this study was to show the particular destiny of one nobleman in the Czech Crown Lands (specifically in the Margraviat of Moravia), Jean Louis Ratuit de Souches (1608-1682). Being a contemporary of the great and better-known military celebrities, such as Le Grand Condé, Raimondo Montecuccoli, Gustave-Adolphe or Turenne, Jean Louis Ratuit de Souches also accomplished great feats that must be studied. Born into small Huguenot nobility in La Rochelle, he pursued a career at the service of the Habsburgs. As a soldier, he often fought for the protestant cause, first in La Rochelle, his hometown, against the troops of Louis 13th, then with the Swedish army against the imperials. Later on, he became one of Ferdinand 3rd ’s general, then one of Leopold 1st ’s by using his knowledge of the enemy’s tactics to fight the Swedish and the French. Although he came from a modest household, he rose to be considered as one of the greatest military leaders at the time and amassed a considerable fortune earning him much respect but also criticism and jealousy from the Army and the Viennese Court. To be a part of this new milieu, Jean Louis Ratuit de Souches converted and to prove his faith, he even constructed a place of pilgrimage on his Moravian lands. Contrary to many of his fellow citizens, he deeply influenced the country’s History and his legend lived on after his death: there are countless stories, paintings and all kinds of monuments and festivities in his honor. However yet today, a lot of his personal and public life still unknown. These studies have also given a chance to conceive a catalog of biographical and bibliographical archives regarding the French speaking families that lived in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown between 1618 and 1740. The catalog guides us through this particular migratory phenomenon and may be the starting point of future studies
Sturmel, Philippe. « Justice et discipline militaires sous la Révolution et l'Empire : la dixième division militaire ». Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10060.
Texte intégralThere were many writings about absence without leave during revolutionary and imperial times, but a few only concerned the dramatic means employed by the government to contain it : garnisaires, colonnes mobiles, arrests of soldiers' parents. The first ones were soldiers placed at the refractaire's home with a view to forcing him to join the army. Their existence had not been legal until December 1812. But as their action was considered inefficient, they were soon helped by specialized troops dedicated to the same task. From 1810 onwards, troops are very active. As far as parents' arrests are concerned, they merely reveal the government's lack of control of this plague. Military authorities were as well not in a position to maintain a strict discipline inside the army. Absence without leave, especially desertion, can be seen as a result of this situation. The main impact concerns the rise of cases brought to trial. The fact that little literature deals with this movement enabled us to have a comprehensive view of procedures followed and sentences. This study focuses on the tenth military division, made up of the regions of Haute-Garonne, Ariège, Tarn-et-Garonne, Gers, Pyrenées Orientales, Aude and Hautes-Pyrénées
Pouvesle, Philippe. « Le militaire, la trahison et le Droit ». Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020072.
Texte intégralDoucet, Corinne. « Les académies d'art équestre dans l'Ouest et le Sud-Ouest de la France : XVIe-XVIIIe siècle ». Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30046.
Texte intégralBrelot, Claude-Isabelle. « La noblesse réinventée : nobles de Franche-Comté de1814 à 1870 ». Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100107.
Texte intégralAnalysing the contents both of many varied collections of private papers and of the public sources known to quantitative historians of society, this work studies a group of 574 provincial families including the mobility of the ancien regime as well as those whose titles were created under the first empire and the restoration, the July monarchy and the second empire, and those pretending nobility. Thys defined, the nobility in Franche-Comté is representative of the French nobility as a whole: it comprises some belonging to the international aristocratic scene as well as impoverished gentry. Rather than the mere anachronistic residue of a caste threatened with natural extinction, it is somewhat like a galaxy with blurred edges, expanding throughout the 19th century. The renewal of the group, through the arrival of the news nobilities, led to fusion of elites by assimilation within this galaxy rather than outside it. The persistence of the mobility is less striking than the capacity for adaptation, a capacity which has been under-estimated by historians. The nobility in Franche-Comté, which was not a dominant class which was often constrained by economic necessity, adopted a new set of values. Such acceptance of a new culture does not mean that the nobility became part of the bourgeoisie: it maintained its belief in the vertical solidarities of the second order of the ancient regime. Its instinctive quest
Vaucelle, Serge. « "L'art de jouer à la Cour" : transformation des jeux d'exercice dans l'éducation de la noblesse française, au début de l'ère moderne (XIIIe-XVIIe siècles) ». Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0064.
Texte intégralGames of Nobility were deeply transformed during the Early Modern Period in France. Sports for gentlemen became the basic content of the education in the first Academies of the new Court society. The three "arts" (horse riding, fencing and dancing) that were taught throughout the Middle Age tented to differ from medieval chivalry training ways, thus creating a new form of activities. A new form of literature appeared as well during the Classic Age : treatises for the education of courtiers. The incipient basis of this new pedagogical thought invented a new "way to learn", that monarchy changed into a "necessity to play" for gentlement and courtiers
Joachim, Frédéric. « Les armoiries dans le droit (1789-1989) ». Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR1D022.
Texte intégralThe french revolution, regarding the coat of arms as a symbol of feudalism, forbade their use, but never succeeded in abolishing them definitely. So, napoleon the first could easily create a new nobility, with its own heraldry. Later, some of the following governments, such as the third republic, suppressed titles, but never prohibited the arms. The link between nobility and arms began to disappear little by little. The civil law courts recognized they were the authority concerned by heraldry, but hesitated about the real kind of arms. Are arms and nobility closely linked facts? arms are they simply an accessory of the surname, following the example of a pseudonym? nevertheless, there's only a few trial of cases. Since the end of the xixth century, the use of arms has been completely free for individuals noble or not, for towns, as well as for companies, these latter using them as a way of advertising. Because the political power refused to grant any arms, it became necessary to protect them by some new proper means, such as registering a trademark for instance. Anyone could take a legal action, based on civil liability, against the usurper of one's arms. Finally, arms are a particular right, very different from any other civil right
Giacomino, Claude Jean. « L'Outre-mer à travers le journal militaire officiel de 1873 à 1914 ». Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30047.
Texte intégralFrom 1873 to 1914, two thousand four hundred and eighty eight, presidential and government documents related to the overseas forces were published in the military official gazette. These documents implemented and put into working order all the troops of this wast army within the french colonies and protectorates according to their military situations and the progress of colonization the precision of the orders given in these documents is remarkable : they are all meticulously accurate in the slightest details. Nevertheless, they constantly reminded the officiers in charge to carry out the orders with some flexibility according
Hamelin, Fabrice. « La spécificité militaire, une construction institutionnelle : le cas de la formation des officiers du génie aux XIXe et XXe siècles ». Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0038.
Texte intégralBergounioux, Paul. « La société Militaire : champ nobiliaire, crises et institutions (1750-1791) ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010709.
Texte intégralThis history thesis is based on a genetic materialism that considers institutional fact as a reflect of a social structure historically determined by competitive struggles between elites for monopoly on power, a structure being structured which has always been and remains embedded in bodies and mind in the form of habitus and ethos. In this way, explaining the military institution's functioning requires staying focused onto one single category of social agents, the Nobility of the Sword that its story, its own position within absolutist functional cycle and self-interest lead to redefine the military institutional frameworks between 1789 and 1790. Grasping the objective and historical background that now structures such an institution and thereby, the social order born of revolutionary society, implies to accord special importance in the historical configuration revealed by identity crisis experienced by the Nobility of the Sword from 1750 to 1789. As an outer expression of the absolutist cycle’s end, French revolution result in a fairly sudden change in legal structures, related to the introduction among the active elements of society, of social agents sharing a system of heterodox beliefs heightened by the revolutionary process and invested in the recast of monarchical institutions under the Constituent
Frémeaux, Jacques. « L'administration militaire francaise en afrique blanche et noire (1830-1930) ». Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30033.
Texte intégralThis work tries to explain why and in what circumstances the french army was in charge to administrate large parts of african territories (called precisely military territories), during the colonial expansion of the xixth century and in the beginning of the xx the xxth century. The book is divided in three parts : 1st) the story of the military territories : "bureaux arabes" of north africa ; western sudan, tchad and mauritania. 2nd) study of the officer corps : specialization, recruiting, daily life. Their position towards the whole army and the colons. Their attitude towards the native and particularly muslim religion. 3rd) the native troops called "suppletifs", created and commanded by the french officers. Their political and military action. French military doctors working for expansion
Cattoir-Jonville, Vincent. « La fonction militaire du chef de l'État en France, de 1871 à nos jours : contribution à l'étude du pouvoir présidentiel en République ». Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL20004.
Texte intégralWhat is generally underlined in studies on the presidential power in France since 1871 is the split between the third and fourth republics on the one hand and the fifth republic on the other hand. Particularly as far as the head of state's actual powers are concerned. The analysis of the head of state's military function in the long run reveal, on the contrary, a real continuity in the presidential institution. On the military level, the fifth republic should rather be considered as the heir to a tradition founded by Adolph Thiers - and kept up as well as can be since then - than as a split. Thus, on this level, the fifth republic is the outcome of the slow construction of an institution. A cyclical presentation of that institution, as regards the military function, can then be put forward. The setting-up of a strong presidential power (called "presidential government" or "principate") would evolve towards a magistrature of influence where the importance of the head of state's military role would still be significant, before ending in a comparative retirement of the head of state from the military field. As a reaction to that weakening, a strong presidential power would then reappear (the fifth republic would be one of those last stages)
Vivier, Thierry. « La politique aéronautique militaire de la France (janvier 1933 - septembre 1939) ». Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010571.
Texte intégralOur thesis deals with "French air power policy from 1933 to 1939". Trough this study, we tried to find the reason why French air force has been defeated during this tragical summer in 1940. Thus, we strove to inderstand the meaning of the main decisions which were made by French air ministers from january 1933 to the beginning of the second world war. From 1933 to jannary 1936, some mistakes were made. Several ministers (like general denain) dwelt on the difficulties of french air manufactor es and tried to improve their output without and result. Pierre Cot, air minister during the "popular front" and Guy La Chambre, who came after, succeded in restoring the situation partially. From 1936, french air power policy had a kind of rebirth. However, French air force, at the eve of the war, was not truly ready to fight
Seriu, Naoko. « Faire un soldat : une histoire des hommes à l'épreuve de l'institution militaire (XVIIIe s.) ». Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0026.
Texte intégralEntering into a vast movement of reforms in the second half of the XVIIIth century, the French army demonstrates its willingness to shape soldiers. Our analysis will first focus on this institution's new concern that appears in the opinions of officers. Debates about desertion, rewards or drill pave the way for a new line of separation between deserter and soldier, whose esteem has to be enhanced, and whose body has to be straightened up. When an individual enlists, what trials will he undergo to meet the norms and get accepted in this new worls? The cross-questionings of deserters allow us to analyze military life from the point of view of the individuals. Hierarchical violence, separation from family, conflicts with comrades are as many patterns generating the sufferong of soldiers. Speeches on soldiers, speeches from soldiers are echoing to shed light on the running of the institution
Brisou, Dominique. « Accueil, introduction et développement de l'énergie vapeur dans la Marine militaire française au XIXème siècle ». Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040031.
Texte intégralThe industrial revolution which acted France between 1815 and 1870 provoked a true maritime revolution in the French navy, because of steam-engine application for ship-propulsion, and its introduction into the navy yards for moving a lot of machine tools furnished by industry. A paddle fleet was developed into areas peripheral to the main sail fleet. However these new ships were not able for warfare, because they were very vulnerable and not able to have sufficient gunnery. After an estimation period (1843-1847), the screw propeller harmonized sail with steam, so that engineer Stanislas Dupuy de Lôme invented the first true steam capital ship (1850). Then many sail battleships were equipped by auxiliary engine which fitted in the new screw propeller. Since 1860 another adaptation was made necessary because of the invention of armored capital ship by Dupuy de Lôme, who developed for her an engine which profited by new science showing a better steam use. On that account, 1870 is an important date because surface condenser was adopted; this apparatus then authorized increase of pressure, thus flight of power practicable for ships
Clarke, de Dromantin Patrick. « La noblesse jacobite au service de la France au XVIIIe siècle ». Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30008.
Texte intégralAfter "The Glorious Revolution" of 1688 and the fall of James II, more than 50 000 of his followers, most of them being Irish catholics, had to fly from persecution and find refuge in France where they showed the same energy as the French Huguenots in countries they went to. Our subject matter in insertion of these Irish refugees into the elite of France. This insertion was both civil and social , involving the acquisition of citizenship, accesss to the nobolity, marriage, alliances and standard of living. It also concerned professional soldiering, the Church, the upper level of the civil service, trade and industry as well as the influence of the jacobites on the attitudes of the French nobility, which partly through their influence was brought to participate more actively in the economic development of the kindom of France. Lastly, this thesis ends with an evocation of what for the jacobites were the further trials of seven years war and the Revolution of 1789
Colom, y. Canals Baptiste. « Le renseignement aérien en France (1945-1994) ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040146.
Texte intégralThrough the study of the Aerial Intelligence in France from 1945 to 1994, is to replace the use of this decision making tool on a long time scale to understand his perception among French policymakers. To analyze the evolution of Aerial Intelligence, we compared operational experiences with the doctrinal corpus and technological innovations of the collection system. We worked on tactical, strategic and political implications of our object of study to clarify the various aspects of his job perceptions. To better understand these evolutionary factors in the French context, we also introduced comparative points with the United States and Britain. It's also a way to perceive the influence of foreign factors on the using developments and perceptions of French aerial intelligence, but while specifying the French specificities. Between the collecting mission, defined as the reconnaissance and the entire Aerial Intelligence, the question arises is to know what is understood like the object to the perception of military or political decision maker. The Aerial Intelligence can it be understood in France as a separate intelligence service or just as a collection system at the service of decision-actor? The other question is how the various developments that have affected our object of study have influenced his using perceptions. Beyond these issues, the relationship between the image and the decision maker, specific to Aerial Intelligence, influences also its perspective of use?
Masson, Rémi. « La Maison militaire du roi : d'une garde domestique à une élite militaire (ca. 1610-ca. 1715) ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010672.
Texte intégralAt the beginning of the Modern Times, the military household of the king of France was a mere personal guard of the sovereign and the royal family. Yet, in the second part of the XVIIe century, it became the head of the French army. The Maison du roi exerienced a real boost from the reign of Louis XIII onwards. However, it is actually with Louis XIV that this institution gathered the elite units of the army. These units were to serve as the head of his army and provide qualified officers, as well as close protection of the sovereign and his familiy. The objective of this research is to highlight the creation and organisation of the first elite units of the French army. This research also focuses on how the king’s military household illustrated the grip of the military by louis XIV, particulary through the compromise, which is established in the most prestigious body of the army between birth and merit
Chaline, Olivier. « L'Aristocratie parlementaire normande au XVIIIe siècle : un système de représentations : Godart de Belbeuf ou le parfait magistrat ». Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0069.
Texte intégralThe study of this system representations allows a new approach of the very often criticized world of eighteenth-century parlement officers. The ideal of the perfect magistrat, created during the sicteenth-century struggles, and uniting service to the king, dignity of justice, and catholic fidelity, was always highly respected in the senat de normandie under louis xv. The procureur general, whose exceptionally rich papers lead to an analysis of his action and ideas, illustrates this fact, even though this very ideal, reinterpreted by other magistrates, led to a severe criticism of absolute monarchy. As a guardian of cohesion in a changing profession, this ideal had to face the expectations and reactions of the society in normandy, the region that godart de belbeuf had in charge. He was a staunch supporter of his own brand of christian enlightenment. However the gallican struggles, linked to the unigenitus bull, progressively turned the king's servants into provisional representatives of the nation
Colom, y. Canals Baptiste. « Le renseignement aérien en France (1945-1994) ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040146.
Texte intégralThrough the study of the Aerial Intelligence in France from 1945 to 1994, is to replace the use of this decision making tool on a long time scale to understand his perception among French policymakers. To analyze the evolution of Aerial Intelligence, we compared operational experiences with the doctrinal corpus and technological innovations of the collection system. We worked on tactical, strategic and political implications of our object of study to clarify the various aspects of his job perceptions. To better understand these evolutionary factors in the French context, we also introduced comparative points with the United States and Britain. It's also a way to perceive the influence of foreign factors on the using developments and perceptions of French aerial intelligence, but while specifying the French specificities. Between the collecting mission, defined as the reconnaissance and the entire Aerial Intelligence, the question arises is to know what is understood like the object to the perception of military or political decision maker. The Aerial Intelligence can it be understood in France as a separate intelligence service or just as a collection system at the service of decision-actor? The other question is how the various developments that have affected our object of study have influenced his using perceptions. Beyond these issues, the relationship between the image and the decision maker, specific to Aerial Intelligence, influences also its perspective of use?
Surreaux, Simon. « Les Maréchaux de France au XVIIIe siècle. Histoire sociale, politique et culturelle d’une élite militaire ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040179.
Texte intégralIn the society of the Ancient Regime, the marshals of France were in charge of the king’s military. In the 18th century, most of the eighty general officers were quite elderly when granted marshalcy. In a first part, this PhD highlights the shift from a title initially acquired to command during wartime to a favour granted during peacetime. The following parts explore the place of this elite within society. Through the study of matrimonial alliances, it is to be understood to what extent nobiliary endogamy or exogamy were part of a strategy of heritage maintenance and enrichment. The notarial deeds contribute to study the base of their wealth. The analysis of their heritage, debts and incomes permits to identify the fluctuations of their wealth, which shows that the marshals were an economically dynamic group and depending solely on traditional forms of investment. One can thus rebuild the marshals’ place in the city through their daily lives and their heritage’s management. The last part focuses on the culture of this military elite. The systematic analysis of wills testifies to their attitudes towards death. The internal curiosities of these noble men of war informs us about their behaviours as collectors. The marshals’ place in the social life of the time, in the Parisian or provincial academies, in the Masonic lodges, and certain salons, ends up this social, political as well as cultural history of a military elite that had been forgotten so far
Boquillon, Françoise. « Les Dames de Remiremont sous l'Ancien Régime (1566-1790) : contribution à l'étude de la noblesse dans l'Eglise ». Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN21001.
Texte intégralAmong the four chapters of Lorraine, certainly the most renowned, was the one of Remiremont. Its prestige was not only due to its wealth, but also to the quality of its nobility. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it asserted its reputation causing its influence to grow. It also differed from nearby chapters in Epinal, Bouxières-aux-Dames and Poussay by the originality of its institutions particularly in the way its wealth was organized and its income was distributed. The Saint-Pierre chapter was made up of about fifty canonesses who had to attend services and take part in the capitular life. However, the rules were not strict, the obligations were quite acceptable and being a canoness offered numerous advantages : she did not take vows, she lived in a private house with her servants, had total control over her wealth, she could hold receptions and was free to travel. . . Moreover, she could renounce her position to rejoin secular life and marry. Strongly attached to their secular condition and privileges and backed up by the nobility they were born of, the canonesses of Remiremont opposed every attempt to reform. The Saint-Pierre chapter of Remiremont, which was the symbol of the old regime society, disappeared with the revolution
Surreaux, Simon. « Les Maréchaux de France au XVIIIe siècle. Histoire sociale, politique et culturelle d’une élite militaire ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040179.
Texte intégralIn the society of the Ancient Regime, the marshals of France were in charge of the king’s military. In the 18th century, most of the eighty general officers were quite elderly when granted marshalcy. In a first part, this PhD highlights the shift from a title initially acquired to command during wartime to a favour granted during peacetime. The following parts explore the place of this elite within society. Through the study of matrimonial alliances, it is to be understood to what extent nobiliary endogamy or exogamy were part of a strategy of heritage maintenance and enrichment. The notarial deeds contribute to study the base of their wealth. The analysis of their heritage, debts and incomes permits to identify the fluctuations of their wealth, which shows that the marshals were an economically dynamic group and depending solely on traditional forms of investment. One can thus rebuild the marshals’ place in the city through their daily lives and their heritage’s management. The last part focuses on the culture of this military elite. The systematic analysis of wills testifies to their attitudes towards death. The internal curiosities of these noble men of war informs us about their behaviours as collectors. The marshals’ place in the social life of the time, in the Parisian or provincial academies, in the Masonic lodges, and certain salons, ends up this social, political as well as cultural history of a military elite that had been forgotten so far
Chazaud, Quentin. « Les régiments de zouaves de l'armée française sous le Second Empire, une société militaire du premier âge industriel ». Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040028.
Texte intégralFrom contemporaries recordings as well as remembrances in the collective thought, zouaves are found to be the emblematically significant soldiers of Napoleon III's reign. Who were they ? This thesis is a form of " collective biography " of these men, based on a deep sociological survey from primary sources, as well as a tactical study of troops employment, in order to find out if they were the so called " elite " of their fame. My intention was also to make a prospective reflection about the impact of technological progress on a conscriptionless army, in relation with nowadays army reforms
Roullier, B. « Histoire militaire du roi racontée en almanachs, 1681-1697 : catalogue / ». [Paris] : B. Roullier, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370188282.
Texte intégralNoirfontaine, Françoise de. « La Maison de Bouillon : la vicomté de Turenne, permanence d'une anomalie ». Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040014.
Texte intégralTurenne's viscounty (Limousin and Quercy) composed a "separated country" until 1738. Between 1444 and 1738, it belonged to the la tour family who became bouillon's dukes in 1591. It didn't pay any taxes to the king and it was not included into intendants' districts. At the beginning of that status: privileges - title deeds dating from the 13th century and the concordat concluded between a viscount and the states which established a viscountal tax against the maintenance of privileges. Since the end of the 16th century, the increase of taxes caused durable crisis within the states who summed up their opposition to the dukes in these words: "the privileges for the country". In other respects, the lack of representativeness of country-communities and the disparities in the repartition of taxes brought about ceaseless conflicts between country-communities and the nobility who has recovered the unearned increment of fiscal privilege through the collection of ground-rents. While the states demanded the extension of original privileges, the dukes exacted new duties which increased the tensions in the viscounty. For the intendants, the latter represented a retreat for Huguenots and outlaws, a very attractive "fiscal paradise" for its neighboring countries. The functioning of viscounty-states as dukes' rights stopped the long tolerance of royal power concerning the liberties demanded by the people of the viscounty
Badosa, Marc. « La désertion militaire en Roussillon de l'aventure de Louis XV à celui de Charles X (1715-1824) ». Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0633.
Texte intégralDuring more than a century, from the advent of Louis XV to the one of Charles X, the deserters constitued an incredible challenge to the power. Pressure moral and financial, blackmail, propaganda omnipresent and noisy, military occupation and re-pressed exemplary, all, including forgiveness, was vainly implemented by the authorities to subdue military disobedience. In Roussillon, this acknowledgement of failure was all the more previsible as all contribued to this result. Border to Spain, the area was a genuine ground of asylum for the deserters. Traversed by montains covered with dense forests, skirting mediterranéan sea, the topography of the places offered to these men innumerable places of retreat. In addition, the authorities ran up constantly against the character recalcitrant and rebel of these hearts which were striving to destroy all governmental measurements
Riccioli, Jean-Louis. « Les franchissements (1672-1960) : Une histoire de la tactique et de la technique du passage des cours d'eau par les armées françaises en opérations et sous menace ennemie ». Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30053.
Texte intégralPalayret, Jean-Marie. « L'alliance impossible : diplomatie et outil militaire dans les relations franco-italiennes (1929-1938) ». Strasbourg 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR30008.
Texte intégralThis work examines the reasons and circumstances for the failure of the french-italian alliance in the period 1928-1939. It begins by presenting the stance taken by the various policy-makers on the french (briand, laval and weygand) and italian (Mussolini, Grandi and Badoglio) sides, vis-a-vis the power beyond the alps in the early thirties. The subsequent part of the book is dedicated to the events which exasperated the situation by increasing tensions, such as, colonial issues, naval parity and mussolini's revisionist opposition to collective security coupled with failed rapprochements (Jouvenel embassy, Four-power pact) all of which characterised the turbulent nature of the french-italian political and strategic relationship between 1929-1934. The renewal of german militarism which greatly concerned paris, and the rapidity of the third reich's rearmament, the general willingness to oppose the "anschluss", provided a brief respite in the military relations between the "latin sisters" which led to the chiefs of staff agreements between Denain-Valle and Gamelin-Badoglio, following the Rome and Stresa conferences. However events during the years 1936-1938 thwarted all expectations, for despite the willingness of french policy-makers and chiefs of staff, the french-italian alliance quickly sank, victim of Mussolini's ambitions over Ethiopia and the italian-british clash in the Mediterranean. Divided between the contradictory positions of its two virtual western allies, France tried in vain to reconciliate the secret military agreement reached with rome in june 1935, with its desire to seal its strategic destiny to Great britain. This transanctional attitude inspired the Hoare-Laval plan, and its subsequent failure which Mussolini regarded as an act of betrayal, and thus became another nail in the coffin of the french-italian alliance. In january 1936, mussolini initiated a "rapprochement" with the germans. The accession to power of the popular front further deepened the gap between the two countries. Blum and delbos refused to recognise the italian empire and hesitated in making concessions to appease mussolini which would have created divisions among the axis. During the spanish war, the italian intervention immediately took on an anti-french character which served to bring fascist italy and Hitler's reich ever closer. This tendancy was reinforced, after the
Fesquet, Frédéric. « Un corps quasi-militaire dans l'aménagement du territoire : les agents forestiers et le reboisement des montagnes méditerranéennes en France et en Italie aux XIXème et XXème siècles ». Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30072.
Texte intégralBergès, Louis. « La Société civile contre le recrutement à l'époque de la conscription militaire, 1798-1814 : le cas des départements aquitains ». Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010633.
Texte intégralTThe twelwe southwestern departements of Aquitaine sheltered from the end of the directoire an active resistance to enrollment in the army. Draft dodging was at its highest in 1798-1799 (year an VII of the revolution calendar) and from 1805 to 1807, when Napoléon gained his greatest victories ; it decreased gradually afterwards due to clever forms of repression by the authorities and did not reappear until the very end of the empire, when France was invaded. Draft dodging found a widespread support among civilians that went as far as local authorities and even some prefecture civil servants. At all levels of society, everyone had then favourite way of escaping the law : the sons of the upper class would hire a replacement, the less rich would obtain illegal exemptions, while the poorest were forced to flee from the family home without hope of return. Though the practice of replacement highlights the injustice of the whole arrangement, draft dodging hardly seems to be a reaction of the poverty stricken against the prejudices of the conscription system. It was, finally, all of society that was opposed to conscription and thus supported the draft dodgers. Faced with such opposition, the authorities reacted by mixing firmness, psychology and clemency. But the operations of garrisons and of flying columns heightened an already tense situation. The explosion of collective revolts, notably in the mountain cantons of Ariège and of Haute-Garonne recall the uprisings against the state as tax collector under the ancien regime
Massoni, Gérard-Antoine. « Un régiment de cavalerie légère de 1783 à 1815 : le 5° régiment de hussards, une histoire sociale et militaire ». Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1021.
Texte intégralHistory of the 5th Hussars, from its creation in the last years of the Old Regime to the end of the Hundred Days, allows to study its social composition and the evolution of its recruitment, to know more about role of cavalry and the light cavalry in particular in its mission of war and to deal with the risks of the military history through the history of a military unit. Tanks to the archives of the “Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre”, it is possible to be acquainted with the real composition of the regiment by using its administrative registers : geographic origin, age, size, social condition, physical characteristics, recruitment, but also phenomena related to military life of the time : insubordination, military replacement, emigration, reaction from the officers and hussars to the various political changes. Systematic analysis of all the files of the officers and riders of the 5th Hussars, allows to study the life, the deaths of these soldiers from 1783 to 1815 : ranks and distinctions, the Masonic lodge of the regiment, losses because of military campaigns (the dead, wounded – the causes of death, nature of wounds), prisoners but also losses related to military life : diseases (type of the disease), deaths in hospitals, duels, desertion, short listed, changes of regiment. This research also tackles all the military operations the 5th Hussars took part into from 1783 to 1815 and the place of the regiment in these various campaigns
Saliba, Fabrice. « Les politiques de recrutement militaire britannique et française (1920-1939) ». Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30029.
Texte intégralMilitary recruiting policies determines the manpower owed to the army. Studying British and French army recruitment is not only a military history work. British and French traditions in this subject are very different. In United Kingdom, the army is constituted by voluntaries, professionals. In France, military manpower is mainly recruited by compulsory service. Otherwise, problems about military recruitment are closely linked with the State structures; thus it's possible to study on institutional, social and political indeed even diplomatic issues. Decisions about personnel, not only reflect the dominant tendency of the military policy of a State, but come within the more general scope linked with international relationships. Then, regulations determine partly the role given by the executive power to the army. The subject raises a lot of questions: Why France considered conscription as an essential point of her defence between the wars, while Britain thought that compulsory military service was impossible to implement in peacetime? Moreover, is military recruitment a consequence of the military policy, or is the manpower system influencing the military doctrine?
Chales, De Beaulieu Norbert. « Georges-Frédéric Dentzel (1755-1828) : une destinée européenne ». Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040336.
Texte intégralGeorges-Frederich Dentzel was born in Durkheim in 1755. Although he came from a modest background, he nevertheless studied protestant theology in Halle and Iena. In 1770, he joined the "Royal Deux ponts" regiment as a chaplain, and later took part in the American war of independence from 1780 to 1783. At his return, he married S. L. Wolff, the daughter of the mayor of Landau. They had seven children, the oldest of whom, Louis, steadily climbed the rungs of the military ladder, while their daughter Caroline was to become the mother of Georges-Eugene Haussmann. Dentzel believed in revolutionary ideals. He founded the "Société des amis de la Constitution" in Landau, giving up his ecclesiastical functions. He is remembered as the defender of the Landau garnison from 28 July to 28 December 1793, when it was surrounded by the Austrians and the Prussians. He was unfairly accused of being an unworthy representative of the people and imprisoned, only narrowly escaping the guillotine. He was freed and rehabilited after the downfall of Robespierre. From 1806 onwards, he took part in virtually all the campaigns of the First Empire. He was created a baron of the Empire in 1808, and was awarded the Legion of honor in 1813. He was present at Waterloo together with his son, Louis. Denzel died in Versailles on 8 May, 1828, and buried there in the cemetery of Notre-Dame
Montroussier, Laurence. « Éthique et commandement au XIXe siècle : Le sens du devoir du chef militaire français à travers les mémoires, 1799-1848 ». Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30039.
Texte intégralThanks to a database containing 651 memoirs written by French army officers on duty between 1799 and 1848, we have been able to make out a sample of a hundred representative memoirs. The study of the defined corpus allowed us to discuss the different views of the military sense of duty throughout the wars of the first half of the nineteenth century related by their witnesses. A first part itemizing the different types of army officers according to their professional or educational background (upgrading from schools or service), their rank (general, colonel, captain, non-commissioned officers) brought to the fore the moral values spread among the army heads. A second typology based on the different types of conflicts (conventional and specific wars)showed that the sense of duty of army heads depended on the situation they had to deal with. Finally, it seems that the type of war rather than the heads themselves conditioned the representation of the sense of duty
Berthiau, Jean André. « Des maîtres entretenus aux ingénieurs : formation professionnelle et enseignement technique dans les arsenaux et établissements de la Marine (1819-1871) ». Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040042.
Texte intégralAt the beginning of the XIXth century, the navy maintained, in its arsenals, a certain number of "masters" in each profession for the building and the upkeep of the fleet. Their pay was annual, today they would be said to have a "unfixed term contract". The "maistrance" includes the "maitres entretenus" and the "contre-maitres", the latter being laborers. In 1819, a specific education is set up in the harbors for the workers intended to the "maistrance". The technical changes in shipbuilding bring about adaptations in programs and re-organizations of the schools, notably in 1868, with the setting up of two teaching levels. In 1912, the "maistrance" schools become the arsenals' technical schools, and stay scattered in the harbors. The creation, in 1934, of the ETSM certified engineer diploma marks the recognition of the quality of the teaching provided in the higher technical school. A real higher school is born with the single establishment at Aurillac in 1943, moving to Brest-Pontanézen in 1949. The higher technical school is replaced in 1971 by ENSIETA, thus losing its specialty of shipbuilding with the last year ETSM 68 and the first year ENSI 71…
Vernejoul, Pierre de. « Les Vernejoul du Moyen Age à nos jours : histoire sociale et généalogique d'une famille française ». Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040046.
Texte intégralBourliaguet, Bruno. « L'AMGOT : CONTINGENCE MILITAIRE OU OUTIL DE POLITIQUE ÉTRANGÈRE ? » Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26972/26972.pdf.
Texte intégralBaudry, Marie-Pierre. « Les fortifications des Plantagenet en Poitou, 1154-1242 ». Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010635.
Texte intégralThe object of this research is to examine the angevin's fortifications in poitou, from 1152 to 1242. A close observation of archeological remains, as well as documentary evidences, brings us a few informations about the original way the buildings of the kings of england developped in that period. It reflects the history of the poitou, the relations between the angevins and the local nobility, as well as the building of the castles. The county of poitou covers the present-day departments of vendee, deux-sevres, and vienne. The province comes into angevin hands in 1152. Poitou doesn't seem to be a very important land for henry ii, who rather stays in anjou, and has to face several uprisings from the poitevin lords. As count of poitou, as soon as 1172, richard installes a new administration and builds fortifications (niort, scorbe-clairvaux, talmont). At the beginning of the 13th century, john lackland, and his son henri iii, are more interested in getting strongholds in poitou, since they lost normandy, anjou and touraine. Conceding grants and giving money, they encouraged some powerful local lords (thouars, parthenay, mauleon), or burgenses, to keep the control of their fortifications. A dozen of the hundred castles studied in poitou can be attributed to angevin architecture. This military architecture sees the development and the systematization of the flanking towers with arrow slits. Innovating details can be noticed such as the buttresses machicolations, arrow slits alcoves, or beaked towers. The influence of the oriental architecture is certain but the plantagenet style still presents a notable creativity. The excavations which would enable us to fully understand the architecture of those sites have not been carried out yet. But so far, the questions raised by the first survey lets us foresee new prospects for further research regarding the major part those castles played in the angevin policy
Boulanger, Philippe. « Géographie historique de la conscription et des conscrits en France de 1914 à 1922 d'après les comptes rendus sur le recrutement de l'armée ». Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040241.
Texte intégralThe geography of conscription and conscripts in France from 1914 to 1922 defines a field of thought both in space and time, starting from a military source the first field of research and the reports about recruitment made by the army then after those reports can be confronted to the analysis of others sources : civil and military, private and public they essentially offers to measure the singularity of conscription in the French space during the application time on the 7th august 1913 law's on military recruitment. Thank to this, it permits to define an original problematic : how this military institution, as regard to the deep political, social and cultural impacts, takes place in the metropolitan and national territory, as well as in the French national identity? Besides a first unity of sources and its critics, presentation of the method approach of this subject finds his articulation on two parts: the first about the territorial dimension of conscription, the second about the social geography of conscripts. In the first part will be seen the elements inherent in the historical geography of this military institution, which became universal and obligatory in 1905. The territorial structures, the regional contrasts of recruitment, the relationships between conscription, the territory and the national assimilation, define his spatial dimension, as well as on the military / political / cultural plane the second part turns on the sociocultural characteristics of conscripts. The levels of instruction the professions and the health of the young men, compiled and examined by the military administration are analyzed according to a spatiotemporal approach. They offer to measure, among others conclusions the progressive disparition of the Saint-Malo -Geneva line, that determinates a secularly and cultural between two France of inegal development
Pau-Heyriès, Béatrix. « Le transfert des corps des militaires de la Grande Guerre : étude comparée France-Italie 1914-1939 ». Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30058.
Texte intégralAt the beginning of the war, transporting bodies was forbidden in France and Italy on the battle-fields. Death was a matter of State. As the latter, french and italian States refused nameless bodies, they decided to pay attention to military losses. In spite of all these efforts, nothing was done at the end of the war. Both latin States had to look for their dead soldiers on the battle-fields : burials, placing in the coffin, body-transportation, and re-burials in the war cemetaries. On order to deal with numerous expectations from the families and to ensure equality of all to the death, the bodies were sent back home at the expense of the State
Hélin, Nathalie. « Honfleur et son arrière-pays : chronique d'un espace militaire (1367-1530) ». Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070083.
Texte intégralEstablishing an outstanding fortress in Honfleur Charles V led the town and its hinterland, especially the Viscounty of Auge, in a military dynamic. This dynamic has remained so long as naval warfare animates the shores of the English Channel. Initial headquarters of the France Admiralty, the naval base quarters high ranking officers and the best privateers. During its military expansion, Honfleur is a population catcher attracting experts, craftsmen and merchants coming from other French provinces or foreign countries. It is a melting pot where all nationalities merge. Military activities and chandlery stimulate local economy even during the English occupation when the harbor and its hinterland worked with the English government. In troubled times and in a context of depopulation, uncultivated areas such as woods and pastures are stable assets. Officers' wages and privateers' catches are locally reinvested, especially in cattle. "Augeron" manors, agrarian investments, scattered in the countryside, reveal the affluence of local elites. The "Honfleurais" and the "Augerons", who are seafarers, prove to show solidarity, to be cultured, enterprising and multi-active. Seeing mobile, a large part of the population moved to the other bank of the estuary of the river Seine when the Havre de Grace was founded in 1517 to engage into international maritime trade which then takes precedence over military activities
Thonel, D'Orgeix Émilie de. « Évolution du dessin militaire à l'âge classique : esthétique et système de codification académique du dessin militaire vus à travers l'oeuvre des ingénieurs militaires royaux envoyés en Nouvelle-France à l'époque coloniale (1608-1759) ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28438.
Texte intégralHantraye, Jacques. « La société française et la guerre : les invasions et les occupations étrangères en Seine-et-Oise (1814-1816) ». Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010669.
Texte intégralRobichon, François. « La peinture militaire française de 1871 à 1914 ». Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040035.
Texte intégralMilitary painting was excluded from histories of French art after the First World War, coinciding with a change of taste among the elite. Without discarding an historical reading of this iconography, we proposed new readings highlighting the plastic inventions of this style. We set up a complete panorama of the military style, based on sociological, historical and esthetical components. Military painters have occupied a particular place in the French society, as a result of French-German relationships. Edouard Detaille dominated his generation and received its many honors. With the reproduction, the most famous paintings thereby reached a large audience. Developed after the defeat of 1871, military painting assumes this traumatism, and was focused on the rebuilding of the nation. It participates in a revisionist analysis of the "glorious" wars of the revolution and empire. In response to the use of modern arms in military battles, military painting invented "episode", a narrative structure, in order to emphasize moral values like courage and sacrifice. Composition's structures in military painting were changed and developed a more immediate relationship with the spectator. The major subjects of military painting during this era were the war of 1871, the colonial wars, the "new" army of conscription, the wars of the revolution and the first empire. First World War changed and involved this style. New approach replaced the traditional role of combat as subject: a new emphasis on allegory and symbol, soldier's sketches, and a new approach to historical painting. The expansion of cinema, but also and above all the total desire by the French nation to forget the war, explain the almost complete disappearance of military painting after 1918