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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Non officiel »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 8 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Non officiel"

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Aroga Bessong, Dieudonné P. "Le bilinguisme officiel (français-anglais) au Cameroun : un problème d’aménagement efficace." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 10, no. 1 (2007): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037285ar.

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Résumé Le bilinguisme officiel (français-anglais) au Cameroun : un problème d'aménagement efficace — Cette étude vise à vérifier l'étendue de la prépondérance exclusive du français et de l'anglais dans la communication au sein de l'État camerounais, en raison de certaines contradictions (Renaud 1979 et 1987). Ces langues officielles sont censées y assurer les fonctions les plus hautes en présence de 236 langues autochtones. Ces dernières sont-elles réellement absentes des services publics? Quelles sont les attitudes des Camerounais envers elles et leurs communautés constitutionnelles respectives? Quelle serait une politique linguistique réaliste pour le Cameroun? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons, en 1993, soumis à 590 personnes dans les chefs-lieux administratifs des dix provinces du pays, un questionnaire fermé sur leurs choix de langue et les attentes linguistiques perçues par eux dans leurs contacts officiels. L'analyse des données a révélé l'existence d'une concurrence participative reflétant l'élargissement fonctionnel des langues non officielles. Une tension y est apparue entre le français et l'anglais, mais elle reflète les conflits politiques ambiants. S'agissant des attitudes, le répondant devait porter son jugement sur les langues officielles et leurs communautés constitutionnelles respectives, par rapport à sept différenciateurs sémantiques inspirés de Gardner et Smythe (1976). L'analyse révèle : une haute appréciation des répondants de chaque communauté pour leur première langue officielle, l'évaluation négative de leur deuxième langue officielle par les anglophones, l'apparition des stéréotypes négatifs envers le pidgin, et la meilleure image que les anglophones auraient de leur communauté. La concurrence participative entre langues officielles et non officielles, le nationalisme et la volonté d'ouverture des Camerounais, ainsi que leur aspiration à voir les hautes fonctions étendues aux langues locales, nous ont amené à proposer l'alphabétisation fonctionnelle en langues locales, pour la nécessaire valorisation des langues endogènes, dans un contexte minimisant la confrontation avec les langues officielles, et consacrant le passage du culturel à l'économique.
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Stebbins, Robert A. "Famille, loisir, bilinguisme et style de vie francophone en milieu minoritaire." Recherche 36, no. 2 (2005): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/056955ar.

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Le bilinguisme officiel vise quatre buts : le maintien de la langue française et des cultures francophones, leur transmission, leur épanouissement et le développement des individus et des communautés francophones. L'auteur, après une étude exploratoire du style de vie francophone à Calgary, montre que certaines activités familiales et de loisir non subventionnées facilitent grandement l'atteinte de ces objectifs. Il conclut que, sans ces activités et les efforts soutenus et quotidiens des francophones, le bilinguisme officiel hors Québec s'avérerait un échec.
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Khiari, Kamel. "La réalité ethnoculturelle et le statut des langues minoritaires non officielles au Canada." Études, no. 18-19 (July 9, 2012): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1010302ar.

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Le recensement de la population de 2006 a dénombré plus de 200 origines ethniques vivant au Canada. Selon, par ailleurs, les projections démographiques de Statistique Canada, le nombre de personnes nées à l’étranger représentera d’ici 2031 plus du quart de la population canadienne. Face à cette diversité, le Canada a opté pour le muticulturalisme, politique visant à valoriser la diversité culturelle, et notamment linguistique, du pays. Partie à plusieurs conventions internationales prônant le respect de la diversité culturelle, le Canada ne manqua pas, dans les différentes lois linguistiques qu’il adopta, de mentionner, bien que d’une manière vague et sans en préciser les moyens, la nécessité de valoriser les langues minoritaires non officielles dans le cadre du bilinguisme officiel. En 1991 est finalement adoptée une loi très précise sur les moyens à mettre en oeuvre pour maintenir et développer l’usage des langues minoritaires : la Loi sur l’Institut canadien des langues patrimoniales. Mais celle-ci n’est jamais entrée en vigueur. Cet article démontre le décalage entre le discours politico-juridique officiel sur les langues minoritaires non officielles et la réalité de la place occupée par celles-ci au Canada.
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Babadjanov, Bakhtyar. "Islam officiel contre islam politique en Ouzbékistan aujourd'hui : la Direction des Musulmans et les groupes non-hanafî." Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest 31, no. 3 (2000): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/receo.2000.3043.

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Armianov, Gueorgui. "L’amour et la sexualité dans les variétés non-standard bulgares." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica, no. 16 (May 19, 2021): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1505-9065.16.09.

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L’article propose un regard critique sur le vocabulaire lié à l’amour, à l’acte sexuel, aux personnes impliquées dans des relations amoureuses, aux étapes et aux rôles dans le jeu de l’amour. L’analyse porte sur une période de plus de 100 ans – de la fin du 19e siècle jusqu’à nos jours en passant par l’époque du régime communiste. Pendant cette période, le vocabulaire spécifique argotique et familier lié à l’amour et au sexe a subi d’importants changements, tant au regard de la richesse des mots et de leurs significations, qu’au regard de l’origine, de la diffusion et de l’utilisation de ces unités lexicales. L’emploi dans le cinéma, la littérature, les chansons populaires, les médias et même dans le discours politique officiel des termes argotiques est aussi étudié. Une attention particulière est accordée à la désargotisation de plusieurs lexèmes et à leur intégration progressive dans le langage familier et la pratique langagière de personnes de tous les âges, professions et statuts sociaux.
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Saint Robert, Marie-Josée de. "Écrire pour être traduit aux Nations Unies." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 16, no. 1 (2018): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.00002.des.

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Résumé Dans une institution où tout écrit officiel doit être traduit, un outil d’aide à la rédaction apparaît comme essentiel au bon fonctionnement de la chaîne de production documentaire. Un texte source dont les ambiguïtés involontaires (erreurs d’appellations officielles, d’acronymes ou dans les citations, non-emploi des termes officiels ou recommandés, fautes d’orthographe ou de syntaxe, phrases incomplètes, répétitions, etc.) seraient éliminées par son auteur grâce à l’assistance d’un outil expert relié aux banques de données terminologiques et textuelles officielles, permettrait d’obtenir un texte cible de qualité et concordant dans toutes les langues. Un tel logiciel d’aide à la rédaction servirait aussi d’aide à la traduction et à la compréhension des textes. L’objet de cette communication est de décrire l’organisation du travail de réécriture et de traduction mise en place à l’ONU, eu égard à sa politique linguistique et documentaire, et d’étudier les possibilités et les difficultés que présentent l’amélioration et l’uniformisation des textes source au moyen de l’informatique.
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Pasynkova, Veronika. "(In)dépendance et impact des nouveaux médias russes." Connexe : les espaces postcommunistes en question(s) 2 (April 16, 2016): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5077/journals/connexe.2016.e75.

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Cet article s’intéresse au rôle des nouveaux médias dans l’élaboration du discours médiatique sur les Jeux Olympiques de Sotchi 2014. Les JO de Sotchi y sont appréhendés en tant qu’ « événement médiatique », c’est-à-dire en tant qu’événement sportif mondial dont les représentations sont construites par les médias de masse. L’article étudie le discours officiel et non officiel sur les JO au sein des nouveaux médias comprenant des sites internet russes et le réseau social Vkontakte. Ces discours sont ensuite comparés aux perceptions de l’opinion publique russe sur les JO à travers une analyse des données d’un sondage mené auprès de citoyens russes pendant la période précédant les Jeux (janvier-février 2014). Il révèle l’existence de perceptions contrastées au sein de l’opinion publique russe sur les questions liées à l’organisation des JO et à la construction de l’identité nationale. Il démontre par ailleurs que les processus de convergence et de regroupement à l’œuvre au sein des nouveaux médias russes favorisent la mise en place d’un contrôle sur leur contenu et en limite l’accès.
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Turi, Joseph-G. "Le droit linguistique et les droits linguistiques." Les Cahiers de droit 31, no. 2 (2005): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043028ar.

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Le droit linguistique, entendu objectivement, est un ensemble de normes juridiques ayant pour objet le statut et l'utilisation d'une ou de plusieurs langues, nommées et innommées, dans un contexte politique donné. Il s'agit d'un droit métajuridique en ce que la langue, qui est le principal outil du droit, devient en l'occurrence à la fois le sujet et l'objet du droit. Il s'agit également d'un droit futuriste en ce qu'il consacre davantage, même si encore plutôt timidement et implicitement, le droit à « la » langue, et donc le droit à la différence. Les droits linguistiques, entendus subjectivement, droits à la fois individuels et collectifs, comprennent le droit à « une » langue (le droit d'utiliser une ou plusieurs langues nommées, notamment dans le champ de l'usage officiel des langues, droit de nature essentiellement historique) et le droit à « la » langue (le droit d'utiliser n'importe quelle langue, notamment dans le champ de l'usage non officiel des langues, droit de nature essentiellement fondamental). Cette distinction, désormais reconnue par la Cour Suprême du Canada, s'inspire des principes de territorialité et de personnalité linguistiques. Enfin, selon que le droit linguistique est considéré d'ordre public ou pas, il vise surtout la langue ou les locuteurs linguistiques. De toute façon, le droit linguistique ne vise en général que la langue-médium (la forme) et non pas la langue-message (le contenu).
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Itturra, Raul. "Marriage, Ritual and Profit : the Production of Producers in a Portuguese Village." Social Compass 32, no. 1 (1985): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003776868503200106.

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La production des producteurs, telle qu'elle est comprise par l'Auteur, constitue une partie du processus général de reproduc tion sociale. Elle consiste dans les moyens ritualisés ou non par lesquels la production sociale des êtres humains travaillant la terre s'effectue. Dans ce mécanisme, le mariage apparait comme le rituel officiel qui initie la production sociale (aussi bien que biolo gique) des etres humains, malgre l 'existence de nombreuses prati ques reproductives au cours du temps, notamment l'illégitimité et la reclassification des liens de parente.
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Dullion, Valérie. "Traduire les textes juridiques dans un contexte de plurilinguisme officiel : quelle formation pour quelles compétences spécifiques ?" Meta 59, no. 3 (2015): 636–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1028661ar.

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Question fondamentale pour les systèmes plurilingues, la qualité de la traduction juridique est abordée ici sous l’angle non pas des aménagements institutionnels, mais des acteurs. Les spécificités des contextes de plurilinguisme officiel sont mises en relation avec la problématique de la compétence traductionnelle, de façon à tirer des conclusions applicables à la formation. Dans les systèmes plurilingues, la traduction juridique doit répondre à des exigences particulières liées à l’intertextualité, au statut du texte traduit, à la pluralité des destinataires et à l’institutionnalisation du processus. Ces exigences ont des implications sur plusieurs plans. À cet égard, l’article se réfère aux modèles généraux de compétence et à leur approfondissement interdisciplinaire dans la perspective de la traduction juridique. Il propose d’intégrer la question du plurilinguisme officiel dans un enseignement structuré autour des situations professionnelles, en mettant l’accent sur les aspects suivants : l’utilisation raisonnée des ressources documentaires ; l’acquisition de connaissances relatives au droit linguistique et au fonctionnement institutionnel ; la prévention des interférences et du jargon ; et le développement d’une capacité d’argumenter et d’interagir avec d’autres professionnels. Pour terminer, l’article illustre la singularité des divers contextes plurilingues. Il rejette l’idée selon laquelle ils représenteraient pour la traduction juridique une situation simplifiée, nécessitant des compétences purement techniques.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Non officiel"

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Ravant, Claude. "De l'URSS à la Russie : recherches sur l'art non officiel moscovite depuis la mort de staline jusqu'à nos jours." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100092.

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Ce travail retrace l'histoire du développement de l'art non officiel moscovite depuis la mort de Staline jusqu'à son entrée dans un musée national, la Galerie Tretiakov en l'occurrence. Il tente de définir un fil conducteur entre l'art non officiel des années 60, souvent négligé au profit du conceptualisme de la décennie suivante, l'art officiel déviant (" l'aile gauche" de l'Union des artistes), l'art semi-officiel (l'art cinétique, l'hyperréalisme), et l'art non officiel dans son ensemble. Les différentes grandes tendances de cet art y sont analysées : le néo-modernisme qui se développe parallèlement au dégel khrouchtchévien, le sots-art, le conceptualisme des années 70 et 80, le post-conceptualisme de la période de la perestroîka et enfin le néo-actionnisme qui fait son apparition dans les années 90 ainsi que la photographie qui prend un nouvel essor à la même époque. Ces mouvements sont envisagés à la lumière de leur contexte politique, institutionnel et artistique. Ils sont parallèlement examinés par rapport aux relations qu'ils entretiennent avec l'idéologie soviétique. Enfin, de façon concomittante, ils sont appréhendés d'un point de vue sémiologique, puisque le langage verbal se révèle être au centre de la problèmatique de la représentation picturale soviétique.
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Skeel, Desmond Andrew. "The Chinese short story in 1979 : an interpretation based on official and non-official literary journals." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29538/.

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The short story has been an important genre in 20th century Chinese literature. By its very nature the short story affords the writer the opportunity to introduce swiftly any developments in ideology, theme or style. Scholars have interpreted Chinese fiction published during 1979 as indicative of a "change" in the development of 20th century Chinese literature. This study examines a number of short stories from 1979 in order to determine the extent of that "change". The first two chapters concern the establishment of a representative database and the adoption of viable methods of interpretation. An important, although much neglected, phenomenon in the make-up of 1979 literature are the works which appeared in so-called "nonofficial" journals. In order to provide a more complete picture of the short story in 1979, the database is comprised of works from one "nonofficial" and two "official" literary journals. Differences and/or similarities between the two types of short story are highlighted. The main body of this study is divided into four further chapters, each of which concerns a separate aspect of the short stories. These chapters discuss each aspect with regard to literary development and sociohistorical influences. These aspects include the presentation of themes, subject matter and character; the use of imagery and language; narrative form and plot chronology; and the types of narrative mode explored by the writers. The study is concluded by an evaluation of the Chinese short story in 1979, emphasizing the degrees of continuity and/or innovation it exhibits.
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Mabanga, Silingile Portia. "South Africa's official external threat perceptions : 1994-2012." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43680.

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The aim of this study is to analyse and critically assess the nature, scope and basis of South Africa‟s official external threat perception as it developed during the period from 1994 to 2012. Accordingly, the assessment allows for the identification of shortcomings in the current national security policy on external security threats, based on the alignment of external threat perceptions with the Government Programme of Action. Essentially what had to be determined is whether perceived official threats correspond with the actual situation. Accordingly, the main research question of the study is: What is the nature, scope and basis of the post-1994 official external threat perception of South Africa? The research problem generated four subsidiary questions: When does a security issue become a national threat? What types of threat are there? How does the South African government perceive these threats? And whose security is threatened? In responding to the main research questions, the study‟s findings note a change in perceptions during the post-Cold War era as to what constituted threats to security. The focus shifted from traditional to non-traditional threats to national security, because most current threats are non-military and transnational in nature. The analysis of South Africa‟s official external threat perception is informed by the changed views of Government towards what are considered the main threats to national security. The study concludes with key findings in response to the stated problem and with specific recommendations. The study confirmed that the nature of threats and security debates post-1994 have changed constantly with the expansion of the security agenda beyond state and military security. The official viewpoint is that South Africa at present is not faced with any military threats. Emphasis is currently placed on human beings as the main object of security. Most identified threats are transnational in nature and these relate to the illegal flow of immigrants, terrorism, organised crime, climate change (linked to food and water security), regional instability and other socio-economic threats. These threats are being perceived and articulated by Government through policy announcements and public speeches, also validated in the critical analysis of various scholars. The concept of non-traditional threats still lacks a commonly accepted definition; hence the study proposes the need for South Africa to define and outline non-military security threats in a comprehensive manner, preferably through the development of a South African External Threat Perception Framework. Developing such a framework will assist security agencies (such as analysts) and other stakeholders in providing advice and guidance to Government in identifying external security threats. This initiative could eliminate the abuse of power by various stakeholders in securitising any issue as a threat to national security, and instead divert those resources to other Government services. Provision should also be made in the form of policy initiatives on the role of military force and other agencies in addressing non-military security threats. Thus, the development of key elements of an integrated national security strategy in order to address external security issues and threats is essential.<br>Dissertation (MSecurity Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>gm2015<br>Political Sciences<br>MSecurity Studies<br>Unrestricted
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Martin, Audra. "Community Minded: Individual and governing official perceptions of non-resilient communities." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1512082988501463.

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Rosendal, Tove. "Linguistic landshapes : a comparision of official and non-official language management in Rwanda and Uganda, focusing on the position of African languages /." Göteborg : Department of Languages and Literature, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/22227.

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Hendricks, Marie. "Familial needs : comparing traditional and non-traditional families of public officials." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5303.

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Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS)<br>Participation of diverse families in familial needs studies, assist in understanding and comparing their descriptive account of their families and experiences today. This descriptive study compared traditional and non-traditional families of public officials with a focus on (1) form and income, (2) familial needs as per key propositions, (3) families perceptions/experiences at community and broader societal levels and (4) familial needs government must assist them with. The study was contextualized within a contemporary family discourse. It was primarily influenced by a feminist perspective as well as a critique of the nuclear or traditional family grounded in functionalist theory. The public official, as focus, was framed in a human rights and an employee assistance policy discourse influenced by the South African public service context. The study used a quantitative research paradigm, whereby a survey was implemented. The survey was administered to 600 public officials and culminated in a final sample of 70 participants. The study indicated that public officials, as members of families, live in both traditional and non-traditional families. Public officials have familial needs similar to any other family and are also influenced by similar factors in broader society. As both rights holders and duty bearers they can improve their own family lives and also serve families in broader society better. However they too need to be supported with their own family needs. Public officials suggested the areas in which they needed help from the Provincial Government of the Western Cape.
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Rubio, Olmedo Matías. "An official textbook and non-official EFL curriculum in Chile: a comparative analysis of learning tasks' levels of cognitive demands for second graders." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152437.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüística mención Lengua Inglesa<br>The main purpose of the present study is to compare and determine the degree of coherence between the non-official national second grade EFL program published by the Ministry of Education and the respective EFL textbook (Bounce 2) used by students at state schools in Chile. Through the application of Bloom‟s revised Taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001) and the General Model of Hierarchical Complexity (Commons, Trudeau, Stein, Richards, & Krause, 1998; Commons, 2007), learning task instructions were analyzed and tasks were classified in terms of their levels of complexity. A mixed methodological design has been adopted to provide an exploratory account of patterns observed. The classification of tasks made in the EFL textbook and the EFL program for second graders revealed a mismatch between their tasks‟ levels of cognitive complexity. In addition, the interpretation of results also places both documents at an early childhood level of hierarchical complexity, which does not correspond to second grade learners‟ developmental stage.
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Golding, Carolina de Arouca. "Food safety of foods of non-animal origin imported to Portugal. Analysis of the data resulting from official controls on imports between 2014 and 2017." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17890.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia<br>The Community sets specific standards regarding safety and hygiene of foodstuffs and feed to be met by food businesses. So as to check conformity with these standards of foodstuffs imported from 3rd countries, when these have been identified to pose a risk to consumers, there are several Community measures and national control plans aimed at laying down procedures for the official controls on these consignments. The aim of this study is to provide a description of the evolution of FNAO imports into Portugal between 2014 and 2017, including the number and type of rejections and resulting RASFF notifications. In order to do so, data was extracted from online platform TRACES and analysed on Excel and all relevant legal measures, communications and plans consulted. Results show that there was an increase in imports, specifically in the category of ‘Edible Fruits and Nuts’, most of which originating in Brazil. The number of rejections was similar throughout the four years, but those pertaining to groundnuts from China and food supplements from the USA revealed to be re-occurring and problematic. Overall, only 0.2% of imports over the four years were non-compliant, showing that the great majority of foodstuffs imported are safe for human consumption<br>A Comunidade estabelece normas específicas de higiene e segurança alimentar de géneros alimentícios e ração animal, a serem cumpridas pelas empresas alimentares. A verificação de conformidade com as normas relativas a géneros alimentícios importados de países fora da UE, quando estes constituem um risco à saúde pública, é feita através da implementação de vários diplomas legais Comunitários, e planos de controlo Nacionais, destinados a estabelecer procedimentos operativos ao controlo oficial destas remessas. O objectivo deste trabalho é fornecer uma descrição da evolução das importações de GAONA entre 2014 e 2017, incluindo o número e tipo de rejeições e as resultantes notificações RASFF. Para tal, extraíram-se dados da plataforma online TRACES, recorreu-se ao Excel para o tratamento de dados e aos vários diplomas legais, comunicações e planos para a discussão. Os resultados mostraram que houve um aumento de importações a Portugal durante os quatro anos, especialmente da categoria de ‘Fruta e frutos de casca rija’, dos quais a maioria provenientes do Brazil. O número de rejeições manteve-se relativamente constante, no entanto, aquelas referentes aos amendoins provenientes da China e aos suplementos alimentares dos Estados Unidos, foram recorrentes e em grande número, tendo-se relevado problemático. No global, apenas 0.2% das remessas importadas ao longo dos quatro anos, foram rejeitadas o que indica que a grande maioria dos GAONA provenientes de países terceiros, são seguros para a alimentação humana<br>N/A
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Lu, Chu Yi. "The Development of Christianity in Contemporary China." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4349.

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The purpose of this research is to study the development of Christianity in contemporary China. It adds to the limited literature that explores how Christianity has developed as the fastest growing religion in China post the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The data derive from semi-structured and focus group interviews with Chinese Christians and field observation notes collected at both official and non-official Christian churches in Beijing. I found an ambivalent attitude toward the development of Christianity across different social levels in China. At the state level, the Chinese government expects Christianity to provide a much-needed stabilizing influence in an increasingly self-centered and materialistic society. At the same time, the government fears that Christianity's increasing power may pose a threat to the Communist regime. Correspondingly, at the community level, Chinese Christians wish to see an increasing Christian influence throughout Chinese society to improve people's quality of life, but many Chinese traditionalists oppose the increased Christian influence that seems to be supplanting traditional Chinese culture. These disagreements do not seem to have seriously impeded the development of Christianity in China today. Applying a pervasive cultural perspective – the lens of Yin-Yang interaction – to the current situation of the Christian churches in China, I find that the Yin traits within Christianity and the Yang traits embedded in the Chinese political ideology are coexisting paradoxical values whose interaction facilitates an acceptance, or at least sanction, of oppositions that have reshaped the social and political landscape of Chinese society and fostered the continuing growth of Christianity in China.
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Brooke, David J. "Assessment of aspects of non-attenders at Dental Reference Officer examinations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251419.

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Livres sur le sujet "Non officiel"

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Abel, Hermel, ed. Le polimentik: Dico non officiel de la politique. Mots & cie, 2006.

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Duriot, Pierre. Comment l'éducation change la société: "les jeunes" : discours non officiel. L'Harmattan, 2013.

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Sehlinger, Bob. Le guide non officiel de Walt Disney World avec les enfants. AdA, 2004.

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Les activités économiques non officielles et leur impact sur le secteur économique officiel. P. Lang, 1987.

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David, Mort, ed. Sources of non-official UK statistics. 5th ed. Gower, 2002.

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Barthe, M. A. Chômeurs et économie non officielle. Ministère de l'urbanisme, du logement et des transports, Plan construction et habitat, 1985.

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Non-lieu pour Jésus. Flammarion, 1989.

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Renford, Raymond K. The non-official British in India to 1920. Oxford University Press, 1987.

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Non-official art: Soviet artists of the 1960s. Craftsman House, 1995.

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Boston's official bartender's guide: 75th anniversary edition. Wiley, 2011.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Non officiel"

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Oliver, Ian. "Non-Home Office Forces." In Police, Government and Accountability. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25155-1_8.

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Naut, Edgar R., and Gagandeep Singh. "Non-Invasive Office Screening Methods." In Clinical Gastroenterology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71468-0_2.

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Gondo, Yasuyuki, Nobuyoshi Hirose, Saori Yasumoto, et al. "Age Verification of Three Japanese Supercentenarians Who Reached Age 115." In Demographic Research Monographs. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_21.

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AbstractThis chapter describes the data sources that are available for verifying the ages of the oldest-old in Japan. These sources can be both official and non-official documents. The official documents consist primarily of education and employment records issued by administration offices. The non-official documents include the testimonies of the centenarians themselves, their relatives, and their care workers; as well as media reports. We collected information from these official and non-official sources in order to confirm that three Japanese individuals who had reportedly survived to age 115 were indeed that old. The first of these individuals is Mr. Jiroemon Kimura (J.K.), who spent most of his life in his birth place. In his case, we were able to gather information from various sources, including from official and non-official documents. But for the other two individuals, Mrs. Misao Okawa (M.O.) and Mrs. Chiyo Miyako (C.M.), who relocated several times within urban areas, we were able to collect only a limited amount of information. In particular, we were unable to find many official documents about their original family members. These three cases suggest that the availability of the data needed to verify the ages of individuals who were born around 1900 might differ depending on the following three conditions: whether the person has moved from his/her place of birth, whether the person has been living in rural or urban areas, and whether the person is male or female.
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Webb, Tom, Mike Rayner, Jamie Cleland, and Jimmy O’Gorman. "Organisational culture, non-reporting of abuse and discontinuation." In Referees, Match Officials and Abuse. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431203-3.

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Boni, Alejandra, and Joan Lacomba. "The New Co-Development Agenda: Official and Non-Official Initiatives between Morocco and Spain." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12757-1_7.

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Cattivelli, Valentina. "Institutional Methods for the Identification of Urban and Rural Areas—A Review for Italy." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_13.

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AbstractRecent economic, demographic, and spatial changes have profoundly modified urban and rural areas and generated new territories, characterized by varying degrees of urbanity. The classification methods traditionally used to identify them are based on the distinction between urban and non-urban areas and are no longer functional to describe the territorial outcomes of these transformations. New methods have therefore been formulated and implemented in recent years to replace them. EUROSTAT has developed and updated periodically its own methods, intended to methodologically support scholars to read territorial diversities and transformations. Being the basis for the production of official statistics and data comparison between regions, these methods have fully replaced all the other methods that singular statistical offices of European countries had previously developed. Several government institutions began adopting specific territorial classifications in their strategic planning documents. These methods differed from those implemented by statistical offices, providing a more accurate and detailed framework for national and regional policies. This also happened in Italy, with ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica—National Statistical Office) and many governmental institutions (e.g., National Government Institutions, Department for Economic Development and Cohesion, Ministry for Agricultural Policies, National Rural Network), experimenting with their own urban–rural classification methods to map all or part of the Italian territory. This paper offers an overview of the methods formulated and implemented in Italy over the last 15 years by ISTAT and governmental institutions. During this time, these institutions have developed six different methods to define urban and rural territories and to delimit territories with several degrees of urbanization, such as peri-urban areas. Specifically, ISTAT uses the EUROSTAT method to produce international and national statistics. Governmental institutions adopt methods based on economic and demographic data, which identify various territorial categories in addition to urban/rural ones, in their strategic planning documents. These findings result from desk research based on an analysis of official documents and scientific papers.
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Kemp, Jana M. "Decide to Party or Be Non-Partisan." In Run for Elected Office—and Win. Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3799-0_4.

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Nandedkar, Amit Vijay, Jayanta Mukherjee, and Shamik Sural. "Text and Non-text Separation in Scanned Color-Official Documents." In Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68124-5_20.

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Schlumpf, R., D. Candinas, M. Retsch, et al. "Kidney procurement from non-heartbeating donors: transplantation results." In Transplant International Official Journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77423-2_124.

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Madeley, John, Mark Robinson, Paul Mosley, Rudra Prasad Dahal, Pramit Chaudhuri, and Antony Ellman. "6. NGOs: giving official aid a lift." In When Aid is No Help. Practical Action Publishing, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443829.006.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Non officiel"

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Wolniak, Radoslaw. "THE ANALYSIS OF HIDEN FACTORS OF ARCHITECTURAL BARRIERS IN SOSNOWIEC MUNICIPIAL OFFICE FROM DISABLE PERSON POINT OF VIEW AS IMPORTANT FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/36.

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Sustainable architecture is important to minimize negative impact of building. In this paper we concentrate on the problem from people with disability point of view. For them one of must important factors of sustainable architecture in public space is the problem connected with architectural barriers. In presented paper we conducted an analysis of hidden factors of architectural barriers on example of municipal office in Sosnowiec in southern part of Poland. During the research we analyzed the needs of persons with disabilities (perceived quality) and their assessment in terms of the level of quality of services provided by the municipal offices. We analyzed twenty fourth variables connected with architectural barriers in the municipal office and its neighborhood. We analyzed following variables: office location (easy to reach), a sufficient number of parking spaces, Z3 - parking spaces for the disabled near the entrance of the office, a clear marking of parking spaces for the disabled, watch for unauthorized persons occupying seats for the disabled, facilities for disabled people in the office, elevators for disabled guests, toilets suitable for disabled guests, handrails of the stairs, a system of ramps and ramps for the disabled, the doors have a width that allows entry wheelchair, anti-slip floor, equal level thresholds and floors, pavement and curbs around the office adapted for the disabled, website provides information for people with disabilities, website readable for people with visual disabilities, officials are turning to people with hearing difficulties by means of a suitable device, officials are talking with a person of hearing in a separate room, the office's employee who knew sign language, officials can serve the customers with guide dog, the office is equipped with a special frame to allow signing a document, the visually handicapped person allows the presence of a trusted person who acquainted her with the content of signed documents, the city council does not contain architectural barriers hindering the movement of physically disabled person, an overall assessment of architectural barriers at the office. Next we conducted factor analysis to identify main hidden factors of architectural barriers.
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Mekruksavanich, Sakorn, Narit Hnoohom, and Anuchit Jitpattanakul. "Smartwatch-based sitting detection with human activity recognition for office workers syndrome." In 2018 International ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI-NCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecti-ncon.2018.8378302.

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Herzog, Patricia Snell, Rahul Yadav, and Davide Bolchini. "Question-Generating Datasets: Facilitating Data Transformation of Official Statistics for Broad Citizenry Decision-Making." In CARMA 2020 - 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2020.2020.11602.

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Citizenry decision-making relies on data for informed actions, and official statistics provide many of the relevant data needed for these decisions. However, the wide, distributed, and diverse datasets available from official statistics remain hard to access, scrutinise and manipulate, especially for non-experts. As a result, the complexities involved in official statistical databases create barriers to broader access to these data, often rendering the data non-actionable or irrelevant for the speed at which decisions are made in social and public life. To address this problem, this paper proposes an approach to automatically generating basic, factual questions from an existing dataset of official statistics. The question generating process, now specifically instantiated for geospatial data, starts from a raw dataset and gradually builds toward formulating and presenting users with examples of questions that the dataset can answer, and for which geographic units. This approach exemplifies a novel paradigm of question-first data rendering, where questions, rather than data tables, are used as a human-centred and relevant access point to explore, manipulate, navigate and cross-link data to support decision making. This approach can automate time-consuming aspects of data transformation and facilitate broader access to data.
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Al-Mutawa, Nawaf, Walid Chakroun, and Mohammad H. Hosni. "Evaluation of Human Thermal Comfort in Offices in Kuwait and Assessment of the Applicability of the Standard PMV Model." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56787.

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It has been known that the human thermal comfort is not exclusively a function of air temperature but also a function of six additional parameters, namely, mean radiant temperature, air velocity, turbulence intensity, humidity, activity level, and clothing insulation. The combined physical and psychological impact of these parameters on thermal comfort is mathematically described in various comfort models. The current comfort models, while use extensive human comfort data, may not be applicable in all world regions due to environmental conditions and people’s expectations. The State of Kuwait has a population of 2.5 million inhabitants with majority of people living in a few populated cities with heavy vehicle traffic, office buildings, factories, petroleum operations, and shopping centers. During the summer months (especially in July and August) the temperature reaches 48 °C in the afternoon, and can sometimes exceed 55 °C requiring extensive use of air conditioning. The traditional clothing (Disdasha) is made of lightweight, white, fabric material to provide some level of comfort. To better understand the regional preferences and assess the applicability of the standard comfort models in Kuwait, important parameters influencing human thermal comfort were measured in ten different government offices and the corresponding PMV indices were calculated. The results were compared with other comfort indices to obtain the most viable comfort index and the appropriate temperature range for local comfort for Kuwait offices. This study is not only important for comfort evaluations but also for evaluation of energy consumption in office buildings.
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Kalluri, Balaji, Sekhar Kondepudi, Kua Harn Wei, Tham Kwok Wai, and Andreas Kamilaris. "OPLD: Towards improved non-intrusive office plug load disaggregation." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Building Efficiency and Sustainable Technologies (ICBEST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbest.2015.7435865.

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Sun, Ye. "Research on Action-Oriented Teaching in Non-Commissioned Officer Education." In 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Big Data Application (ICSSBDA 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201030.025.

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Meciarova, Ludmila, Silvia Vilcekova, Eva Kridlova Burdova, Ilija Zoran Apostoloski, and Danica Kosicanova. "Short-term Measurements of Indoor Environmental Quality in Selected Offices – Case Study." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.266.

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Decent quality of indoor air is important for health and wellbeing of building users. We live, work and study in indoors of various types of buildings. Often people are exposed to pollutants at higher concentrations than these that occur out-doors. Continual investigation of indoor air quality is needed for ensuring comfort and healthy environment. Measuring and analysis of occurrence of physical, chemical and biological factors is the first step for suggestion of optimization measures. Inside school buildings there are often inadequate indoor climate conditions such as thermal comfort parame-ters or ventilation. The aim of this study was determination of indoor environmental quality in selected offices in the building of elementary school in Slovakia. The values of operative temperature were not within the optimum range of values for the warm period of the year in one of the monitored offices. The intensity of illumination was lower in the two offices. Low levels of particulate matters were measured except the one office where permissible value was exceeded by 7.6%.
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Gilli, Ludivine. "Engaging Local Stakeholders on Technical Issues: Test Case at the La Hague Reprocessing Plant." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59211.

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In 2009 and 2010, the Institute for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection (IRSN) lead a pilot action dealing with the decommissioning of a workshop located on the site of Areva’s La Hague fuel-reprocessing plant site in Northwestern France. The purpose of the pilot program was to test ways for IRSN and a few local stakeholders (Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) members, local elected officials, etc.) to engage in technical discussions. The discussions were intended to enable the local stakeholders to review the operator’s decommissioning application and provide input. The pilot program confirmed there is a definite challenge in successfully opening a meaningful dialogue to discuss technical issues. Three factors influence the extent of the challenge: the knowledge gap between experts and local stakeholders, the conflict between transparency and confidentiality which is inherent with technical topics, and the difficulty for an official expertise institute to hold a dialogue with “outsiders” during an ongoing reviewing process in which it is participating. The pilot program, given its mixed results, also provided valuable lessons for further improvement of stakeholders’ involvement.
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Wang, Yu, Jie Sun, Qie Sun, Ronald Wennersten, and Jean-Louis Scartezzini. "Office Appliance Data Classification Based on Non-intrusive Load Monitoring." In 2020 3rd International Conference on Power and Energy Applications (ICPEA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpea49807.2020.9280121.

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Purwanto, Erwan Agus, Agus Pramusinto, and Dwiyanto Indiahono. "Politics-Administration In The Dynamic Relations Of Elected Officials And Bureaucracy In The Recruitment Of Local Career Officials In Indonesia." In 2018 Annual Conference of Asian Association for Public Administration: "Reinventing Public Administration in a Globalized World: A Non-Western Perspective" (AAPA 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aapa-18.2018.41.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Non officiel"

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Uselton, S. L. The office of real soon now, western pilot (projectors in offices project). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003241.

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Splittstoesser, Riley, and Kerith Stender. Non-Office Ergonomic Equipment Issues and Recommendations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1583144.

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Gagne, Ellen D., Daniel T. Hickey, Monica A. Rositol, Roy Campbell, and Kathy J. Dowd. Academic Skills for Non-Commissioned Officer Job Performance and Career Development. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207513.

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Arth, Thomas O. Validation of the AFOQT (Air Force Officer Qualifying Test) for Non-Rated Officers. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada164134.

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Subhani, MI. VIRTUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IS OPEN ACCESS KNOWLEDGE CRITICAL IN SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION? ILMA University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46745/ilma.oric.conference.2021.01.

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Office of Research, Innovations &amp; Commercialization, ILMA University as always plays a significant role of stimuli to provoke the understanding of publishing protocols among the publishers and other stakeholders of scholarly communications. In continuation to this role, Office of Research, Innovations &amp; Commercialization-ILMA University is hosting a virtual international conference on IS OPEN ACCESS KNOWLEDGE CRITICAL IN SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION? With this note, to spread growing significance of Open Access Knowledge in Scholarly Communication, I am extending an Official Invitation to your good self to attend this conference. During this extraordinary new normal time in an unprecedented year, there is no pressure to attend this conference. The conference has been designed to be as flexible as possible in the hopes that many people can participate to listen Conference KEYNOTE SPEAKERS from Higher Education Commission, Govt. of Pakistan, Web of Science, Elsevier, COPE, Creative Commons, SAGE Open, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, University De Quebec Montreal, Commonwealth University and Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok.
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Vande Griend, Nicholas A. Non-Traditional Intelligence, Reconnaissance, and Surveillance Electronic Intelligence for the Operational Electronic Warfare Officer. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564229.

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N. Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact: Transfer of the Department of Energy Grand Junction Office to Non-DOE Ownership. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/768524.

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Tomlinson, Brian. Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD): Game changer or mirage? ActionAid, AidWatch Canada, Oxfam International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7390.

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Total Official Support for Sustainable Development, or TOSSD, is a new statistical metric that has been in the making for almost 10 years. It is meant to capture a broad range of global flows of public money in support of sustainable development. These include aid, loans on non-concessional terms, and public funds aimed at mobilising private finance for development. Metrics matter. It is essential to track the resources that the international community is allocating to turn the ambitions of Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into reality. Without such data, it is impossible to determine whether there is progress. ActionAid, AidWatch Canada and Oxfam International are publishing this discussion paper to shed light on how TOSSD works in practice as well as on its ambitions, shortcomings and the contending political perspectives on this new metric. The paper emphasizes that TOSSD could significantly shape the future of development finance.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABS CULVER CITY CA. EUROGRAM: European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, 00-06, Nov-Dec 2000. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387487.

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Clausen, Jay, D. Moore, L. Cain, and K. Malinowski. VI preferential pathways : rule or exception. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41305.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) releases from leaks and spills next to a large government building occurred over several decades with the most recent event occurring 20 years ago. In response to a perceived conventional vapor intrusion (VI) issue a sub-slab depressurization system (SSDS) was installed 6 years ago. The SSDS is operating within design limits and has achieved building TCE vapor concentration reductions. However, subsequent periodic TCE vapor spikes based on daily HAPSITE™ measurements indicate additional source(s). Two rounds of smoke tests conducted in 2017 and 2018 involved introduction of smoke into a sanitary sewer and storm drain manholes located on effluent lines coming from the building until smoke was observed exiting system vents on the roof. Smoke testing revealed many leaks in both the storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems within the building. Sleuthing of the VI source term using a portable HAPSITE™ indicate elevated vapor TCE levels correspond with observed smoke emanation from utility lines. In some instances, smoke odors were perceived but no leak or suspect pipe was identified suggesting the odor originates from an unidentified pipe located behind or enclosed in a wall. Sleuthing activities also found building roof materials explain some of the elevated TCE levels on the 2nd floor. A relationship was found between TCE concentrations in the roof truss area, plenum space above 2nd floor offices, and breathing zone of 2nd floor offices. Installation of an external blower in the roof truss space has greatly reduced TCE levels in the plenum and office spaces. Preferential VI pathways and unexpected source terms may be overlooked mechanisms as compared to conventional VI.
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