Articles de revues : « Obesity in children Obesity Dissertations, Academic »

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Johnson, T. K., M. M. Shock et M. H. Harlan. « Obesity and Academic Performance in Children ». Journal of the American Dietetic Association 96, n^o 9 (septembre 1996) : A67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(96)00543-3.

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Bansal, Neha. « Association between Obesity and Academic Achievement in School going Children ». Indian Journal of Public Health Research & ; Development 7, n^o 2 (2016) : 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2016.00077.2.

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Asirvatham, Jebaraj, Michael R. Thomsen et Rodolfo M. Nayga. « Childhood obesity and academic performance among elementary public school children ». Educational Research 61, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2019) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2019.1568199.

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Siegel, Donald. « Physical Activity, Obesity, and the Academic Achievement Gap in Minority Children ». Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & ; Dance 79, n^o 6 (août 2008) : 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2008.10598190.

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Ryabov, Igor. « Childhood Obesity and Academic Outcomes in Young Adulthood ». Children 5, n^o 11 (13 novembre 2018) : 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5110150.

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The present study used nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (a.k.a., Add Health) to examine the impact of childhood obesity on young adult educational attainment. In addition to weight status, independent variables included race–ethnicity, immigrant generational status, family socio-economic status (SES), preference for overweight and obese friends in school, school socio-economic and race–ethnic composition, and other important predictors. Educational attainment was measured as a categorical variable with the categories reflecting key educational benchmarks: (1) being a high school graduate; (2) having some college education; and (3) having completed a bachelor’s or higher degree. The results indicate that in general, individuals who were obese as children are less likely to transition from high school to college, and even less likely to obtain a baccalaureate or more advanced degree. In line with the social network hypothesis of the obesity epidemic, we also found that having overweight and obese friends drives down the odds of educational success. Attendance at a higher SES school or a school with a lower percentage of minority students was positively associated with the odds of college attendance and obtaining a baccalaureate. Other important effects included race–ethnicity and immigrant generational status.

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Ganapathy Sankar U et Monisha R. « High Risk for Obesity in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder ». International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, n^o 4 (19 octobre 2020) : 6436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3437.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by marked impairment in the acquisition of motor skill. The poor performance of movement skills marks developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and this defect affects the child's activities of daily living in innumerous ways. The ability of the child in the execution of the motor task is substantially below that expected for a child's chronological age and intelligence. DCD affects the child's ability in performing both gross and fine motor skills. Performing the Variety of motor tasks is impaired, and the child is isolated socially and emotionally. These children experience frequent academic failure because of their poor handwriting skill. Despite having IQ more significant than 70, these children experience academic failure. As because of their motor coordination difficulty, these children avoid peer group interaction. They were termed as clumsy and awkward, by their teachers and often by their peer group. Thus they were avoided by their peer group children. This recurrent isolation becomes permanent for children with DCD, and they tend to isolate themselves from everybody. As they become isolated, these children are more prone to psychological distress. As because of poor social interaction and participation in green land play along with peer group children, they were at high risk for obesity and other related disorders. Awareness of the importance of participation in a physical activity needs to be delivered for all the parents of children with and without DCD. Benefits of green land play need to be understood by the parents for further facilitation of children's engagement in physical activity sessions.

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Li, Jian, et Ann A. O’Connell. « Obesity, High-Calorie Food Intake, and Academic Achievement Trends Among U.S. School Children ». Journal of Educational Research 105, n^o 6 (septembre 2012) : 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2011.646359.

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San Giovanni, Christine B., Myla Ebeling, Robert A. Davis, C. Shaun Wagner et William T. Basco. « Sensitivity of Clinical Pediatric Obesity Diagnosis Documented in Electronic Health Records ». Clinical Pediatrics 59, n^o 14 (24 juillet 2020) : 1274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922820941640.

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Objective. This study tested the sensitivity of obesity diagnosis in electronic health records (EHRs) using body mass index (BMI) classification and identified variables associated with obesity diagnosis. Methods. Eligible children aged 2 to 18 years had a calculable BMI in 2017 and had at least 1 visit in 2016 and 2017. Sensitivity of clinical obesity diagnosis compared with children’s BMI percentile was calculated. Logistic regression was performed to determine variables associated with obesity diagnosis. Results. Analyses included 31 059 children with BMI at or above 95th percentile. Sensitivity of clinical obesity diagnosis was 35.81%. Clinical obesity diagnosis was more likely if the child had a well visit, had Medicaid insurance, was female, Hispanic or Black, had a chronic disease diagnosis, and saw a provider in a practice in an urban area or with academic affiliation. Conclusion. Sensitivity of clinical obesity diagnosis in EHR is low. Clinical obesity diagnosis is associated with nonmodifiable child-specific factors but also modifiable practice-specific factors.

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Morais, Ana, Joseph Kelly, James E. Bost et Susma Shanti Vaidya. « Characteristics of Correctly Identified Pediatric Obesity and Overweight Status and Management in an Academic General Pediatric Clinic ». Clinical Pediatrics 57, n^o 10 (7 mars 2018) : 1168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922818761891.

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This study identified and characterized the rates of documentation and guideline-based management of overweight and obese children within an academic pediatric clinic through a retrospective electronic medical record review of 7422 well-child visits in 2016. Diagnosis and treatment were analyzed by patient’s weight diagnosis, sex, age, and provider training level. The percentages of correctly identified severely obese (90.2%), obese (77.0%), and overweight (42.0%) children were much higher than in previous retrospective chart reviews; however, less than 30% of children were referred for more intensive weight management to a dietitian or pediatric obesity weight management program. Increased provider training level was associated with a lower adherence to pediatric obesity guidelines. Strategic modifications to electronic medical records that automatically offer body mass index–associated weight diagnoses with a link to treatment pathways and resources are needed to facilitate improved compliance with current pediatric obesity guidelines in the primary care setting.

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Deal, Barbara J., Mark D. Huffman, Helen Binns et Neil J. Stone. « Perspective : Childhood Obesity Requires New Strategies for Prevention ». Advances in Nutrition 11, n^o 5 (3 mai 2020) : 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa040.

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ABSTRACT The prevalence of obesity among youth in the USA is currently >18% with projections that more than half of today's children will be obese as adults. The growth trajectory of children more likely to become obese is determined by weight in earliest childhood, and childhood body mass index (BMI) tracks through adolescence and adulthood. Childhood consequences of obesity include increased risk of asthma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, orthopedic disorders, and reduced academic performance. Health implications of obesity in adulthood include premature coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and certain cancers, contributing to the leading causes of adult mortality. Early childhood obesity is influenced by prenatal exposure to maternal obesity and environmental obesogens, and is associated with poverty, food insecurity, and poor nutritional quality. New strategies for primordial prevention of early childhood obesity require focusing attention on growth parameters during the first 2 y of life, with support for increasing the duration of breastfeeding, and improvements in dietary quality and availability, particularly the reduced consumption of added sugars. Reducing the prevalence of obesity among adolescent females and reducing exposure to environmental obesogens may reduce the prevalence of transgenerational obesity. The reduction of early childhood obesity could improve population health, quality of life, and longevity throughout the life course.

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Sah, Vijay Kumar, Arun Giri et Rupak Acharya. « Prevalence of overweight, obesity and its associated risk factors among school children aged 6-16 years of Biratnagar ». Journal of Nobel Medical College 5, n^o 2 (26 décembre 2016) : 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v5i2.16311.

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Background The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a ‘global epidemic. Overweight and obese children are at higher risk for developing long-term chronic diseases like hypertension. With globalization bringing more lifestyle modifications, adolescents are exposed to multiple risk factors including obesity, diet, academic stress, lack of physical work apart from hereditary risk factors. Early diagnosis of obesity and hypertension is an important strategy in its control, effective treatment and prevention of complications. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with childhood overweight/obesity among school childrenMaterial and Methods It is a school based cross sectional study done in schools of Biratnagar. School going children aged 6 to 16 years from 10 different schools of Biratnagar were taken as study population. Five were private schools and five were government schools. All the school going children aged 6 to 16 years were included in the study. Children with any chronic illness were excluded from the study.Results A total of 1900 students were included between age group of 6 to 16 years. The prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension were 2.9%, 1.8% and 6.1%.Conclusion Overweight, obesity was significantly associated with hypertension. Students studying in private schools and family income > Rs.10,000 were strongly associated with overweight, obesity and hypertension. Family history of hypertension was also associated with overweight/obesity.Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 22-25

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Pashankar, D. S. « Increased Prevalence of Obesity in Children With Functional Constipation Evaluated in an Academic Medical Center ». PEDIATRICS 116, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2005) : e377-e380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0490.

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Cascarelli Jr., Nicholas V., et Karen H. Larwin. « The Impact of Physical Education on Childhood Obesity in Ohio School Children : A Hierarchical Analysis ». International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 6, n^o 1 (1 mars 2017) : 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v6i1.6534.

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Obesity that starts in childhood or adolescence creates greater risk for adult health problems such as heart disease, arthritis, stroke, and cancer. The literature shows that childhood obesity increases most rapidly during the early elementary school years. The current investigation examines the issue of obesity using a systematic stratified random sample of Ohio schools that reported their 3<sup>rd</sup> grader’s BMI scores for the 2009-2010 school year to the Ohio Department of Health. The sample included 25 schools and 1,006 students. Those schools selected were contacted via phone to ask how many minutes per week schools allocated for physical education in grades K-3, and how many minutes per day was allotted for recess in grades K-3. The analysis also examined potential moderators including the percentage of students receiving free or reduced lunch and the school building academic performance designations as indicated on the Ohio Department of Education webpage. The results suggest that the model run at the student level accounts for approximately 1% of the variation in BMI; the model run at the school level was not a significant predictor of the variance.While the model included for Ohio students did not indicate a strong predictor for childhood obesity, schools can play a significant role in addressing the childhood obesity issue.

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Cascarelli Jr., Nicholas V., et Karen H. Larwin. « The Impact of Physical Education on Childhood Obesity in Ohio School Children : A Hierarchical Analysis ». International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 6, n^o 1 (1 mars 2017) : 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v6i1.6534.

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Obesity that starts in childhood or adolescence creates greater risk for adult health problems such as heart disease, arthritis, stroke, and cancer. The literature shows that childhood obesity increases most rapidly during the early elementary school years. The current investigation examines the issue of obesity using a systematic stratified random sample of Ohio schools that reported their 3<sup>rd</sup> grader’s BMI scores for the 2009-2010 school year to the Ohio Department of Health. The sample included 25 schools and 1,006 students. Those schools selected were contacted via phone to ask how many minutes per week schools allocated for physical education in grades K-3, and how many minutes per day was allotted for recess in grades K-3. The analysis also examined potential moderators including the percentage of students receiving free or reduced lunch and the school building academic performance designations as indicated on the Ohio Department of Education webpage. The results suggest that the model run at the student level accounts for approximately 1% of the variation in BMI; the model run at the school level was not a significant predictor of the variance.While the model included for Ohio students did not indicate a strong predictor for childhood obesity, schools can play a significant role in addressing the childhood obesity issue.

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Telford, Richard D., Ross B. Cunningham, Robert Fitzgerald, Lisa S. Olive, Laurence Prosser, Xiaoli Jiang et Rohan M. Telford. « Physical Education, Obesity, and Academic Achievement : A 2-Year Longitudinal Investigation of Australian Elementary School Children ». American Journal of Public Health 102, n^o 2 (février 2012) : 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2011.300220.

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Muntaner-Mas, Adrià, Pere Palou, Josep Vidal-Conti et Irene Esteban-Cornejo. « A Mediation Analysis on the Relationship of Physical Fitness Components, Obesity, and Academic Performance in Children ». Journal of Pediatrics 198 (juillet 2018) : 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.02.068.

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Chen, Li-Jung, Kenneth R. Fox, Po-Wen Ku et Ching-Hui Wang. « A Longitudinal Study of Childhood Obesity, Weight Status Change, and Subsequent Academic Performance in Taiwanese Children ». Journal of School Health 82, n^o 9 (13 août 2012) : 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00718.x.

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Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Chelsea M. Stillman, María Rodriguez-Ayllon, Arthur F. Kramer, Charles H. Hillman, Andrés Catena, Kirk I. Erickson et Francisco B. Ortega. « Physical fitness, hippocampal functional connectivity and academic performance in children with overweight/obesity : The ActiveBrains project ». Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 91 (janvier 2021) : 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.006.

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Matsuzaki, Mika, Brisa N. Sánchez, R. David Rebanal, Joel Gittelsohn et Emma V. Sanchez-Vaznaugh. « California and federal school nutrition policies and obesity among children of Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Filipino origins : Interrupted time series analysis ». PLOS Medicine 18, n^o 5 (24 mai 2021) : e1003596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003596.

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Background Obesity prevalence remains high among children of Pacific Islander (PI) origin, Filipino (FI), and American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) origins in the United States. While school nutrition policies may help prevent and reduce childhood obesity, their influences specifically among PI, FI, and AIAN children remain understudied. We evaluated the association of the California (CA) state school nutrition policies for competitive food and beverages and the federal policy for school meals (Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHFKA 2010)) with overweight/obesity among PI, FI, and AIAN students. Methods and findings We used an interrupted time series (ITS) design with FitnessGram data from 2002 to 2016 for PI (78,841), FI (328,667), AIAN (97,129), and White (3,309,982) students in fifth and seventh grades who attended CA public schools. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated the associations of the CA school nutrition policies (in effect beginning in academic year 2004 to 2005) and HHFKA 2010 (from academic year 2012 to 2013) with overweight/obesity prevalence (above the 85 percentile of the age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) distribution). The models were constructed separately for each grade and sex combination and adjusted for school district-, school-, and student-level characteristics such as percentage of students eligible for free and reduced price meals, neighborhood income and education levels, and age. Across the study period, the crude prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher among PI (39.5% to 52.5%), FI (32.9% to 36.7%), and AIAN (37.7% to 45.6%) children, compared to White (26.8% to 30.2%) students. The results generally showed favorable association of the CA nutrition policies with overweight/obesity prevalence trends, although the magnitudes of associations and strengths of evidence varied among racial/ethnic subgroups. Before the CA policies went into effect (2002 to 2004), overweight/obesity prevalence increased for White, PI, and AIAN students in both grades and sex groups as well as FI girls in seventh grade. After the CA policies took place (2005 to 2012), the overweight/obesity rates decreased for almost all subgroups who experienced increasing trends before the policies, with the largest decrease seen among PI girls in fifth grade (before: log odds ratio = 0.149 (95% CI 0.108 to 0.189; p < 0.001); after: 0.010 (−0.005 to 0.025; 0.178)). When both the CA nutrition policies and HHFKA 2010 were in effect (2013 to 2016), declines in the overweight/obesity prevalence were seen among White girls and FI boys in fifth grade. Despite the evidence of the favorable association of the school nutrition policies with overweight/obesity prevalence trends, disparities between PI and AIAN students and their White peers remained large after the policies took place. As these policies went into effect for all public schools in CA, without a clear comparison group, we cannot conclude that the changes in prevalence trends were solely attributable to these policies. Conclusions The current study found evidence of favorable associations of the state and federal school nutrition policies with overweight/obesity prevalence trends. However, the prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to be high among PI and AIAN students and FI boys. There remain wide racial/ethnic disparities between these racial/ethnic minority subgroups and their White peers. Additional strategies are needed to reduce childhood obesity and related disparities among these understudied racial/ethnic populations.

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Mitchell, Tarrah B., David M. Janicke, Ke Ding, Erin L. Moorman, Molly C. Basch, Crystal S. Lim et Anne E. Mathews. « Latent Profiles of Health Behaviors in Rural Children with Overweight and Obesity ». Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, n^o 10 (21 octobre 2020) : 1166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa071.

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Abstract Objective The objectives were to identify profiles of school-age children with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) from rural counties based on patterns of diet, activity, and sleep, to examine demographic predictors, and to examine whether profiles were differentially associated with psychosocial functioning. Methods Participants included 163 children (Mage = 9.8) and parents. Children wore accelerometers to assess physical activity and sleep duration. Consumption of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Self-report of emotional, social, and academic health-related quality of life (HRQOL), peer victimization, social skills, and social problem behaviors was collected, as well as parent-report of HRQOL. Latent variable mixture modeling (LVMM) was conducted. Results Sleep did not significantly contribute to profile differentiation and was removed. Four profiles emerged: (a) Low F/V + Low SSB + Low activity, (b) Low F/V + Low SSB + Moderate activity, (c) High F/V + High SSB + Low activity, and (d) Moderate F/V + Moderate SSB + High activity. Older children were more likely to be in profile 1. After controlling for child age, parents of children in profile 1 reported significantly lower child social HRQOL than parents of children in profiles 2 and 4. Children in profile 4 reported experiencing significantly lower victimization than those in profile 3. Conclusions There are subgroups of rural children with OW/OB that engage in various combinations of healthy and unhealthy behaviors. LVMM has the potential to inform future interventions and identify needs of groups of children with OW/OB.

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Schultz, Celeste, et Janet Thorlton. « Access to Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in School Lunches : A Policy Analysis ». Journal of School Nursing 35, n^o 4 (21 mars 2018) : 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840518762517.

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Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables helps to reduce childhood obesity and improves academic achievement and attendance. However, providing fresh fruits and vegetables is challenging for some schools due to cost, administrative burden, and concern for food waste. To address these challenges, the Fruit and Vegetable Access for Children Act proposes to allow federally funded programs to substitute fresh fruits and vegetables with canned, frozen, or pureed versions. In this policy analysis, we propose options for providing fresh fruits and vegetables to children enrolled in the National School Lunch Program. We recommend that school nurses actively facilitate the process of obtaining fresh fruits and vegetables by being appointed members of Team Nutrition giving them authority to collaborate with local famers, entrepreneurs, and land-grant universities in Farm to School Programs. This strategy empowers school nurses in promoting healthy eating habits, reducing obesity, and improving academic performance and school attendance.

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Moreno, Jennette P., Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im, Elizabeth M. Vaughan et Tom Baranowski. « Impact of child summertime obesity interventions on body mass index, and weight-related behaviours : a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol ». BMJ Open 7, n^o 10 (octobre 2017) : e017144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017144.

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IntroductionIn previous studies, it has been found that on average, children consistently gained weight during the summer months at an increased rate compared with the 9-month school year. This contributed to an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in children. Several obesity-related interventions have occurred during or targeting the summer months. We propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of obesity prevention and treatment interventions for school-age children conducted during the summer or targeting the summer months when children are not in school on their body mass index (BMI), or weight-related behaviours.Methods and analysesA literature search will be conducted by the first author (JPM) using MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Proquest Dissertations and Theses databases from the date of inception to present. Studies must examine interventions that address the modification or promotion of weight-related behaviours (eg, dietary patterns, eating behaviours, physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour or sleep) and target school-age children (ages 5–18). The primary outcomes will be changes from baseline to postintervention and/or the last available follow-up measurement in weight, BMI, BMI percentile, standardised BMI or per cent body fat. Secondary outcomes will include changes in dietary intake, PA, sedentary behaviour or sleep. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised and non-randomised studies, as appropriate.Ethics and disseminationBecause this is a protocol for a systematic review, ethics approval will not be required. The findings will be disseminated via presentations at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. All amendments to the protocol will be documented and dated and reported in the PROSPERO trial registry.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016041750

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Coetzee, Dané, Wilmarié du Plessis et Deidré van Staden. « Longitudinal Effects of Excessive Weight and Obesity on Academic Performance of Primary School Boys in Different Socio-Economic Statuses : The NW-CHILD Study ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 17 (24 août 2021) : 8891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178891.

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Obesity affects millions of children worldwide and can often impact their academic performance. This longitudinal study, conducted over seven years, determines the effects of excessive weight and obesity on the academic performance of primary school boys, taking into account their socio-economic status (SES). The study forms part of a seven-year (2010–2016) longitudinal study, the North-West Child-Health-Integrated-Learning and Development (NW-CHILD) study, which includes a baseline measurement and two follow-up measurements of the 181 participants from varying areas in the North West Province. Two-way frequency tables, repeated measure ANOVA’s and Spearman rank order correlations were used to analyze the data. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants reported an increase from 2010–2016. Nearly all of the school subjects reported small to large correlations between BMI and academic performance (r ≥ 0.1 and r ≥ 0.3), except for Afrikaans in 2013 (r = −0.06). Only two subjects (English and Language as tested with the ANA test) reported medium effects (r ≥ 0.3), whereas the other subjects only reported small effects (r ≥ 0.1). No statistically significant relationships (p ≥ 0.05) were observed between the BMI values and academic subjects, however SES and school subject scores reported several statistically significant relationships, especially regarding Language (English and First Additional Language) and Mathematics (p = 0.02). Overweight and obese primary school boys in the North West Province of South Africa reported a higher academic performance in comparison to boys of a normal weight, even when SES was taken into consideration. Further studies are recommended to verify current findings regarding weight, obesity and academic performance.

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Rodriguez-Lopez, Sara, Stefan Palkowski, Christopher Gerdung, Diana Keto-Lambert, Meghan Sebastianski et Maria Luisa Castro-Codesal. « Does obstructive sleep apnoea contribute to obesity, hypertension and kidney dysfunction in children ? A systematic review protocol ». BMJ Open 10, n^o 8 (août 2020) : e039342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039342.

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IntroductionChildhood obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder that may directly contribute to the development of obesity, hypertension and renal injury. Although those associations seem to be clearer in adults, studies in children have revealed conflicting results and updated synthesis of the evidence is lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the available evidence on the effect of OSA on obesity, systemic blood pressure and kidney function, to help to elucidate whether respiratory interventions to correct OSA would have the potential to improve those outcomes.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review search was created by a medical librarian and peer-reviewed by a second librarian prior to running. Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CINAHL via EbscoHOST, Wiley Cochrane Library and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global were searched on 25 February 2020. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers for inclusion, followed by full-text screening of relevant articles. Studies in children will be included if they report data on OSA and weight, systemic blood pressure or kidney parameters. The extracted data will be combined for analysis and the information subcategorised in groups based on outcome. Risk of bias will be determined using tools specific to study methodology and certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.Ethics and disseminationThis study will provide essential information for healthcare professionals to better understand the relationship between childhood OSA and changes in body mass index, systemic blood pressure and kidney function indicators. Our findings will be disseminated through conferences and publications. The results of this review may guide the initiation of new strategies and the development of future research studies. This research did not involve human subjects and therefore did not undergo research ethical review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020171186.

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Lindberg, Louise, Martina Persson, Pernilla Danielsson, Emilia Hagman et Claude Marcus. « Obesity in childhood, socioeconomic status, and completion of 12 or more school years : a prospective cohort study ». BMJ Open 11, n^o 3 (mars 2021) : e040432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040432.

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ObjectivesChildren with obesity achieve lower educational level compared with normal-weight peers. Parental socioeconomic status (SES) impacts both a child’s academic achievement and risk of obesity. The degree to which the association between obesity and education depends on parental SES is unclear. Therefore, the primary aim is to investigate if individuals with obesity in childhood are less likely to complete ≥12 years of schooling, independently of parental SES. The secondary aim is to study how weight loss, level of education and parental SES are associated.DesignNationwide prospective cohort study.SettingSwedish national register data.ParticipantsChildren aged 10–17 years, recorded in the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register, and aged 20 years or older at follow-up were included (n=3942). A comparison group was matched by sex, year of birth and living area (n=18 728). Parental SES was based on maternal and paternal level of education, income and occupational status.Primary outcome measureCompletion of ≥12 years of schooling was analysed with conditional logistic regression, and adjusted for group, migration background, attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, anxiety/depression and parental SES.ResultsAmong those with obesity in childhood, 56.7% completed ≥12 school years compared with 74.4% in the comparison group (p<0.0001). High parental SES compared with low SES was strongly associated with attained level of education in both children with and without obesity, adjusted OR (aOR) (99% CI)=5.40 (4.45 to 6.55). However, obesity in childhood remains a strong risk factor of not completing ≥12 school years, independently of parental SES, aOR=0.57 (0.51 to 0.63). Successful obesity treatment increased the odds of completing ≥12 years in school even when taking parental SES into account, aOR=1.34 (1.04 to 1.72).ConclusionsIndividuals with obesity in childhood have lower odds of completing ≥12 school years, independently of parental SES. Optimised obesity treatment may improve school results in this group.

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Duffany, Kathleen O’Connor, Katharine H. McVeigh, Heather S. Lipkind, Trace S. Kershaw et Jeannette R. Ickovics. « Large for Gestational Age and Risk for Academic Delays and Learning Disabilities : Assessing Modification by Maternal Obesity and Diabetes ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 15 (29 juillet 2020) : 5473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155473.

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The objective of this study was to examine academic delays for children born large for gestational age (LGA) and assess effect modification by maternal obesity and diabetes and then to characterize risks for LGA for those with a mediating condition. Cohort data were obtained from the New York City Longitudinal Study of Early Development, linking birth and educational records (n = 125,542). Logistic regression was used to compare children born LGA (>90th percentile) to those born appropriate weight (5–89th percentile) for risk of not meeting proficiency on assessments in the third grade and being referred to special education. Among children of women with gestational diabetes, children born LGA had an increased risk of underperforming in mathematics (ARR: 1.18 (95% CI: 1.07–1.31)) and for being referred for special education (ARR: 1.18 (95% CI: 1.02–1.37)). Children born LGA but of women who did not have gestational diabetes had a slightly decreased risk of academic underperformance (mathematics-ARR: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90–0.97); Language arts-ARR: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.99)). Children born to women with gestational diabetes with an inadequate number of prenatal care visits were at increased risk of being born LGA, compared to those receiving extensive care (ARR: 1.67 (95% CI: 1.20–2.33)). Children born LGA of women with diabetes were at increased risk of delays; greater utilization of prenatal care among these diabetic women may decrease the incidence of LGA births.

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Di Guglielmo, Matthew D., Lacey Perdue, Adebowale Adeyemi, Kenneth L. van Golen et Diana U. Corao. « Immunohistochemical Staining for Uroguanylin, a Satiety Hormone, is Decreased in Intestinal Tissue Specimens From Female Adolescents With Obesity ». Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 21, n^o 3 (29 août 2017) : 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526617722912.

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Gastrointestinal tract–secreted satiety hormones play a significant role in one of the largest health-care challenges for children and adults, obesity. Recent studies in mice identified a novel role for uroguanylin, the endogenous intestinal hormone that binds guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), in regulating satiety via a gut-brain signaling pathway. Mice bred without GUCY2C receptors over-ate and developed obesity. We hypothesized that intestinal uroguanylin expression in pediatric patients with obesity would be lower than patients without obesity, and we attempted to examine the difference with immunohistochemistry. Retrospective chart review of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures at an academic children’s hospital identified patients with normal pathology findings on biopsy. Children aged 8–17 were included in the review; we analyzed biopsy samples from 20 matched pairs that differed only by body mass index (BMI)-for-age (average: 25%–75% vs. high: >95%). Biopsies of the duodenum, terminal ileum, ascending colon, and descending colon were subjected to immunohistochemistry for GUCY2C, uroguanylin, and the endogenous colonic hormone, guanylin. Intensity staining of all specimens was scored by a blinded pathologist. The overall staining intensity for females with high BMI-for-age was less for uroguanylin and guanylin as compared to average BMI-for-age females while GUCY2C staining was equal. Males did not exhibit different staining intensities for uroguanylin or guanylin. More matched female pairs had greater uroguanylin and guanylin staining in the average BMI-for-age cohort. The intestinal expression of uroguanylin, a key satiety hormone, appears to be diminished in female pediatric patients in the setting of obesity.

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Sutcliffe, Alistair, Oscar de Bruijn, Sarah Thew, Iain Buchan, Paul Jarvis, John McNaught et Rob Procter. « Developing visualization-based decision support tools for epidemiology ». Information Visualization 13, n^o 1 (24 mai 2012) : 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871612445832.

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The paper describes the application of user-centred design (UCD) methods to a case study of the development of visual decision support tools to support epidemiological research. Understanding the causes of obesity requires analysis of complex medical surveys and geographic information. Translating research on obesity into effective public health measures requires collaboration between medical researchers and public health analysts. The objective of this research is to develop software tools to support medical researchers and public health analysts in collaborative investigation of obesity in children. The UCD approach consisted of scenario-based design, storyboarding and prototyping to explore design options to meet the needs of public health analysts and academic researchers. An evaluation of the prototype was carried out to assess the extent to which the medical researcher model would support public health professionals in their analysis activities. The design and evaluation of the prototype are discussed. A visualization-based research and decision-support system was implemented leading to positive evaluation results from users.

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Kyler, Kathryn E., Rachel B. Kadakia, Hannah L. Palac, Soyang Kwon, Adolfo J. Ariza et Helen J. Binns. « Use of Metformin for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents With Obesity in the Clinical Setting ». Clinical Pediatrics 57, n^o 14 (27 septembre 2018) : 1677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922818803404.

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Use of metformin for weight loss for children in a clinical setting has not been well described; therefore, we aimed to identify characteristics of obese patients prescribed metformin in a clinical setting and evaluate changes in anthropometric measures. Records of obese patients aged 10 to 18 years without diabetes attending an academic endocrinology practice from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. Analyses assessed changes in anthropometric measures (weight, body mass index [BMI], and BMI z-score) over 12 months between those prescribed metformin (n = 49) and those not prescribed metformin (n = 142). Outcomes were standardized before using multivariable linear regression models. Patients prescribed metformin were significantly older, more often female, and had larger baseline anthropometric measures (all P < .05). In the models, subjects prescribed metformin had significantly less gain in standardized weight, BMI, and BMI z-score over 6 and 12 months (all P < .05). Metformin may be a useful weight management aid in children in a clinical setting.

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Alhilabi, Hanan Saleem, et Anne Payne. « The Impact of Skipping Breakfast on the Body Weight of Children and Young People in Saudi Arabia ; A Systematic Review ». Arab Journal of Nutrition and Exercise (AJNE) 3, n^o 3 (31 décembre 2018) : 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ajne.v3i3.3588.

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Aim: To review evidence on the impact of skipping breakfast on the body weight of children and young people of Saudi Arabia. Method: A systematic search of the Cochrane Library, EBSCO (AMED, MEDLINE, and CINAHL), Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and EMBASE was conducted in March 2018 to identify primary published research. Additional studies were identified by hand searching in other sources such as subject-specific journals and grey literature. Any observational study, published in the English language in the last 20 years (1998-2018), involving healthy children and/or young people (5-24 years) in Saudi Arabia was included and the effect of skipping breakfast on their body weight was evaluated. Pre-defined information was extracted from each study onto a data extraction form for evaluation, following the Cochrane method for undertaking a systematic review. Study quality was evaluated using a Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, of which seven graded weak in quality assessment, while one paper scored moderate. Six studies show that regular breakfast consumption has a protective effect against overweight/obesity, of which three studies tested the correlation, while controlling for confounding variables. Two of the eight studies demonstrated no significant correlation. Breakfast intake was also found to have a positive association with student's academic performance, with two out of three trials demonstrating a significant relationship, but in linking regular breakfast habit with socioeconomic status, no effect was found. Conclusion: The findings suggest that skipping breakfast is associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia and thus breakfast consumption is associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity. However, in view of the array of methods used to define breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity, as well as the less robust nature of observational studies we cannot conclusively assume this relationship, suggesting further more controlled studies are required. Key words: Obesity, overweight, breakfast, breakfast skipping, children, young people, Saudi Arabia.

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Figueroa, Jenifer Tatiana, Sorany Vera, Luz Helena Aranzález et Ismena Mockus. « Nutritional condition and IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 serum concentrations in students aged 7 to 9 attending two educational institutions ». Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 64, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2016) : 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v64n3.54454.

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Introduction: Nutritional vulnerability is more evident during childhood, since malnutrition has an impact on academic performance and is linked to different diseases during this period. Likewise, an increase in the incidence and prevalence of obesity in children has been observed, therefore, researches that assess nutritional conditions of children attending schools may have high-impact results in terms of public health.Objective: To relate children’s nutritional condition by using anthropometry, with serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2).Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational and comparative study was performed in children aged 7 to 9 attending two schools, one from the public sector and the other from the private sector. An anthropometric assessment was performed in 157 children, while IGF-1 and IGFBP (enzyme immunoassay) serum concentrations were measured in 81 children. Pearson’s coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Dunnet’s test and Games Howell’s test, with a 95% confidence interval and a p<0.05 statistical significance, were considered for performing the statistical analysis.Results: Overweight and obesity were found in 46 subjects; the prevalence of obesity was higher in boys, while overweight prevalence was higher in girls. A direct relation between IGF-1 and height (p<0,05) was observed, while an inverse relation between IGFBP-2 and BMI (p<0,001) was found.Conclusions: IGF-1 serum concentrations were higher in students attending the public school.

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Polk, Sarah, Rachel Johnson Thornton, Laura Caulfield et Alvaro Muñoz. « Rapid infant weight gain and early childhood obesity in low-income Latinos and non-Latinos ». Public Health Nutrition 19, n^o 10 (23 novembre 2015) : 1777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015003201.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the growth of infants and toddlers in a population that is both under-represented in the literature and at high risk for childhood obesity.DesignWeight and height measurements were extracted from all visits for a sample of 0–4-year-old, low-income, Latino and non-Latino patients of an urban, academic general paediatric practice. Early growth was characterized as change in weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ) from birth to 3 years. The outcome of interest was BMI Z-score (BMIZ) at age 3 years. Mixed-effects models and multivariate linear regression were used to analyse the association between infant growth and early childhood obesity.SettingBaltimore, MD, USA.SubjectsLatino (n 210) and non-Latino (n 253) children, born in 2003–2004.ResultsAn increase in WLZ from birth to 2 years was observed for this cohort as well as a high incidence of overweight and obesity. WLZ at birth and change in WLZ from birth to 2 years were both significantly and positively associated with increases in BMIZ at 3 years of age. The effect of the change in WLZ was twofold higher than the effect of WLZ at birth.ConclusionsAn increase in WLZ during the first 2 years of life increased the risk of early childhood obesity. Latino children had a higher incidence of early childhood obesity than non-Latino children in this low-income sample.

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de Almeida Santana, Carla Caroliny, Breno Quintella Farah, Liane Beretta de Azevedo, James O. Hill, Thrudur Gunnarsdottir, João Paulo Botero, Edna Cristina do Prado et Wagner Luiz do Prado. « Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Overweight With Academic Performance in 12-Year-Old Brazilian Children ». Pediatric Exercise Science 29, n^o 2 (mai 2017) : 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2016-0048.

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Obesity has been associated with poor academic achievement, while cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been linked to academic success.Purpose:To investigate whether CRF is associated with academic performance in Brazilian students, independently of body mass index (BMI), fatness and socioeconomic status (SES).Methods:392 5th and 6th grade students (193 girls) (12.11 ± 0.75 years old) were evaluated in 2012. Skinfold thickness measures were performed, and students were classified according to BMI-percentile. CRF was estimated by a 20-meter shuttle run test, and academic achievement by standardized math and Portuguese tests. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between academic performance and CRF, adjusted for SES, skinfold thickness or BMI-percentile.Results:Among girls CRF was associated with higher academic achievement in math (β = 0.146;p = .003) and Portuguese (β = 0.129;p = .004) in crude and adjusted analyses. No significant association was found among boys. BMI was not associated with overall academic performance. There was a weak negative association between skinfold thickness and performance in mathematics in boys (β =- 0.030;p = .04), but not in girls.Conclusion:The results highlight the importance of maintaining high fitness levels in girls throughout adolescence a period commonly associated with reductions in physical activity levels and CRF.

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Massion, Samuel, Sophie Wickham, Anna Pearce, Ben Barr, Catherine Law et David Taylor-Robinson. « Exploring the impact of early life factors on inequalities in risk of overweight in UK children : findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study ». Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, n^o 8 (9 mai 2016) : 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309465.

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BackgroundOverweight and obesity in childhood are socially patterned, with higher prevalence in more disadvantaged populations, but it is unclear to what extent early life factors attenuate the social inequalities found in childhood overweight/obesity.MethodsWe estimated relative risks (RRs) for being overweight (combining with obesity) at age 11 in 11 764 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) according to socio-economic circumstances (SEC). Early life risk factors were explored to assess if they attenuated associations between SECs and overweight.Results28.84% of children were overweight at 11 years. Children of mothers with no academic qualifications were more likely to be overweight (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.01) compared to children of mothers with degrees and higher degrees. Controlling for prenatal, perinatal, and early life characteristics (particularly maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and maternal smoking during pregnancy) reduced the RR for overweight to 1.44, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.69 in the group with the lowest academic qualifications compared to the highest.ConclusionsWe observed a clear social gradient in overweight 11-year-old children using a representative UK sample. Moreover, we identified specific early life risk factors, including maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight, that partially account for the social inequalities found in childhood overweight. Policies to support mothers to maintain a healthy weight, breastfeed and abstain from smoking during pregnancy are important to improve maternal and child health outcomes, and our study provides some evidence that they may also help to address the continuing rise in inequalities in childhood overweight.

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Kim, Jun, Won-Mok Son, Ronald J. Headid III, Elizabeth J. Pekas, John M. Noble et Song-Young Park. « The effects of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on body composition, insulin sensitivity, and academic self-efficacy in obese adolescent girls ». Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, n^o 1 (28 janvier 2020) : 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0327.

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AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity is strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise interventions have been used for obese children and adolescents to prevent the manifestation of CVD risks, such as hypertension and insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, obesity has been shown to be linked to low self-efficacy in adolescents, which has been shown to negatively impact academic performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on body composition, CVD risk factors, and academic self-efficacy (ASE) in obese adolescent girls with prehypertension.MethodsAdolescent girls with prehypertension and obesity (n = 48, age 14–16 years) were randomly assigned to either the jump rope exercise group (EX, n = 24) or the control group (CON, n = 24). Body composition, blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (marker of IR), and ASE were assessed before and after 12 weeks of exercise training or control.ResultsThere were significant group × time interactions following the 12-week exercise program for body fat percent, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood glucose, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR, which were all significantly reduced (p < 0.05). A significant improvement (p <0.05) was observed in task difficulty preference (TDP) and self-regulatory efficacy (SRE) following exercise training. Additionally, ASE was strongly correlated (r = −0.58) with body composition.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that jump rope exercise intervention can be a useful therapeutic treatment to improve CVD risk factors and ASE in obese adolescent girls with prehypertension.

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Geiger, Brian F., Sandra K. Sims, Retta Evans, Jane Roy, Karen A. Werner, Marilyn Prier, Karen Cochrane et al. « Responses of Health and Physical Educators to Overweight Children in Alabama ». Health Promotion Practice 10, n^o 1 (janvier 2009) : 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839906298519.

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The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the increasing problem of overweight children in Alabama including clinical definition, risk factors, and prevalence data. Health and physical educators should become familiar with guidelines released by national organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Institute of Medicine, and state departments of education and public health. These guidelines provide direction to health promotion program activities in schools, community, and recreational settings aimed at modifying predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors. Four examples are presented in the narrative to illustrate collaborative partnerships among health care organizations, a health insurer, public schools, an academic research university, and state agencies to enhance youth health. The final section provides practical recommendations for professional health and physical educators regarding obesity risk reduction.

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Apte, p., et S. Rao. « Effects of After School Physical Activity Intervention to Reduce Obesity Among Indian Adolescent Boys ». Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 1, n^o 1 (27 août 2013) : 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.1.1.10.

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Background: Obesity is increasing rapidly in developing countries undergoing rapid nutritional transition. This transition has affected the lifestyle with a reduction in the energy expenditure along with an increase in energy intake. Therefore, obesity has no longer remained a Western problem alone. However, in India little attention is paid towards adolescent obesity until recently. Subjects & methods: Boys (n=229) covering the age 9-15 years were included. Measurements at baseline and follow-up included weight, height, body fat %, skin fold thickness at four sites, waist circumference and blood pressure. After school intervention consisted of five 60 minutes sessions per week. After one academic year the effect of physical activity intervention on adiposity was evaluated. Results: Subjects with high participation in daily physical program of the school showed significant reduction in body fat (1.0 %), skin fold thickness at triceps (1.3mm) and biceps (1.2mm) as compared to their baseline measurement. Further the prevalence of overweight among high participation group showed significant decrease compared to low participation group. More importantly there was a significant reduction in all three indicators of central adiposity highlighting the beneficial effect of physical activity as an intervention in tackling the overall as well as central adiposity among adolescents. Our observation thus highlights the fact that though it may be difficult to administer dietary intervention in growing children there is a potential in administrating physical activity program for at least 50 minutes/ day for school children for combating adolescent obesity. Conclusion: Findings from the current study brings out for the first time highlights potential benefits of physical activity and the concern for introducing it into the curriculum on a daily basis rather than weekly basis which is currently prevalent in all the schools for better health of adolescents.

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Prado, Patricia Rezende do, Ana Rita de Cássia Bettencourt et Juliana de Lima Lopes. « Defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis for ineffective breathing pattern ». Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, n^o 1 (février 2019) : 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0061.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify in the literature the defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis "ineffective breathing pattern". Method: Integrative review with the steps: problem identification, literature search, evaluation and analysis of data and presentation of results. Results: Twenty articles and two dissertations were included. In children, the most prevalent related factor was bronchial secretion, followed by hyperventilation. The main defining characteristics were dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, use of accessory muscles to breathe, orthopnea and adventitious breath sounds. Bronchial secretion, cough and adventitious breath sounds are not included in the NANDA-International (NANDA-I). For adults and older adults, the related factors were fatigue, pain and obesity and the defining characteristics were dyspnea, orthopnea and tachypnea. Conclusion: This diagnosis manifests differently according to the patients’ age group. It was observed that some defining characteristics and related factors are not included in the NANDA-I. Their inclusion can improve this nursing diagnosis.

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Davidson, Kamila, Helen Vidgen, Elizabeth Denney-Wilson et Lynne Daniels. « How is children’s weight status assessed for early identification of overweight and obesity ? – Narrative review of programs for weight status assessment ». Journal of Child Health Care 22, n^o 3 (13 février 2018) : 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493518759238.

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Assessment of a child’s weight status is the first step in the management of childhood overweight and obesity. We reviewed routine assessment programs to inform early and routine identification of childhood overweight and obesity to address this global health issue. Twelve electronic databases were searched (Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PsycEXTRA, CINAHL, Primary Search, MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Elite) for universal programs for weight status assessment of children aged 4–12 in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development – countries, which included more than one assessment and parents receiving feedback. Of 1638 papers found via database searches, and 18 additional records identified through other sources, 26 were included. Reference to five countries’ programs for weight status assessment was found in the results: Australia, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. All of these programs were implemented in a school setting. Lack of services, stakeholder collaboration, parental awareness and engagement and government funding need to be improved for this health check to be undertaken as a part of an ongoing program. This review is about the implementation of similar programs. Early identification of risk for overweight and obesity allows families that require help to connect with available health services.

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Christodoulos, Antonios D., Andreas D. Flouris et Savvas P. Tokmakidis. « Obesity and physical fitness of pre-adolescent children during the academic year and the summer period : effects of organized physical activity ». Journal of Child Health Care 10, n^o 3 (septembre 2006) : 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493506066481.

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Burrows, R., C. Ibaceta, Y. Orellana, V. Arancibia, G. Morales, A. Almagliá, P. Lizana et D. Ivanovic. « Prevalence of Obesity and Physical and Eating Habits of Chilean Children Attending to Schools with High, Medium and Low Academic Achievement ». Pediatric Research 70 (novembre 2011) : 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2011.592.

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Palmer, Kelly, Patrick Rivers, Forest Melton, Jean McClelland, Jennifer Hatcher, David G. Marrero, Cynthia Thomson et David O. Garcia. « Protocol for a systematic review of health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in US barbershops and hair salons ». BMJ Open 10, n^o 4 (avril 2020) : e035940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035940.

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IntroductionAfrican American adults are disproportionately burdened by chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. Developing culturally appropriate interventions is paramount to closing the gap in these health inequities. The purpose of this systematic review is to critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in two environments that are frequented by this population: barbershops and hair salons. Characteristics of effective interventions will be identified and evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions will be provided. Results of this review will inform future health promotion efforts for African Americans particularly focused on the leading health inequities in obesity-related chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes.Methods and analysisSubject headings and keywords will be used to search for synonyms of ‘barbershops,’ ‘hair salons’ and ‘African Americans’ to identify all relevant articles (from inception onwards) in the following databases: Academic Search Ultimate, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science (Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index) and ProQuest Dissertations. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies for adult (>18 years) African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons will be included. Eligible interventions will include risk reduction/management of obesity-related chronic disease: cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. Two reviewers will independently screen, select and extract data and a third will mediate disagreements. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Quality and content of the evidence will be narratively synthesised.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a protocol for a systematic review, ethical approval is not required. Findings from the review will be widely disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and traditional and social media outlets.

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Watson, Amanda, Dorothea Dumuid et Tim Olds. « Associations Between 24-Hour Time Use and Academic Achievement in Australian Primary School–Aged Children ». Health Education & ; Behavior 47, n^o 6 (26 août 2020) : 905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198120952041.

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Background Previous research has examined associations between individual activity behaviors and academic achievement. Yet activity behaviors should be analyzed together because they are codependent parts of the 24-hour day. Aims This study aims to explore the associations between all daily activity behaviors (sleep, sedentary time, light physical activity [LPA], and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) and academic achievement using compositional data analysis. Method Participants for this study were drawn from two cohorts: the Australian arm of the cross-sectional International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment ( n = 452; mean age 10.7 years ( SD = 0.4); 54% female) and CheckPoint ( n = 1278; mean age 12 years [ SD = 0.4]; 50% female), a cross-sectional study nested between Waves 6 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Objective daily activity behavior data (sleep, sedentary time, LPA, and MVPA) were collected using 8-day, 24-hour accelerometry. Academic achievement was assessed using a nationally administered standardized test in literacy (spelling, grammar and punctuation, writing and reading) and numeracy. Compositional models (adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position, and pubertal development) regressed academic scores against isometric log ratios of activity behaviors. We used the models to estimate academic achievement for observed daily activity mixes. Estimated outcomes were plotted against time spent in each individual activity domain, and loess curves were fitted. Discussion and conclusion In two different cohorts using two different accelerometers, lower LPA was related to better numeracy and literacy and higher sedentary time to better literacy (relative to time spent in other domains). Discussion and conclusion. LPA likely “drains time” from other movement behaviors, which are beneficial for academic achievement.

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Naveed, Sehrish, Timo Lakka et Eero A. Haapala. « An Overview on the Associations between Health Behaviors and Brain Health in Children and Adolescents with Special Reference to Diet Quality ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 3 (4 février 2020) : 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030953.

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Unhealthy diet has been associated with overweight, obesity, increased cardiometabolic risk, and recently, to impaired cognition and academic performance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the associations between health behaviors and cognition and academic achievement in children and adolescents under 18 years of age with a special reference to diet quality. Dietary patterns with a low consumption of fish, fruits, and vegetables, and high in fast food, sausages, and soft drinks have been linked to poor cognition and academic achievement. The studies on the associations between the high intake of saturated fat and red meat and low intake of fiber and high-fiber grain products with cognition are limited. The available evidence and physiological mechanisms suggest that diet may have direct, indirect, and synergistic effects on brain and cognition with physical activity, sedentary behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and sleep, but the associations have been modest. Therefore, integrating a healthy diet, physically active lifestyle, and adequate sleep may provide optimal circumstances for brain development and learning. We conclude that most of the existing literature is contained in cross-sectional studies, which therefore highlights the need for longitudinal and intervention studies on the effects of diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep on cognition and academic performance.

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Redondo-Flórez, Laura, Domingo Jesus Ramos-Campo et Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. « Body Composition, Psychological, Cardiovascular, and Physical Activity Factors Related with Academic School Performance ». Sustainability 13, n^o 16 (5 août 2021) : 8775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168775.

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The aim of the present study was to analyse body composition, anxiety, cardiovascular, and physical activity factors related with academic performance of school students as well as to analyse differences, by age, in these factors. We analysed in 266 primary school students’ (8.81 ± 1.62 years, range: 5–13 years) heart rate, anthropometric variables to calculate body mass index, physical activity performance, anxiety levels and academic results by the average of marks. Students were divided in two different groups, firstly by their lower or higher academic performance, and secondly by age. Results showed a negative correlation between academic performance and age, weight, body mass index and trait anxiety variables. Additionally, significant differences were found by age, presenting older students higher scores in body mass index and lower physical activity, trait anxiety, heart rate and academic performance values than younger students. Overweight and obesity may have a great impact in academic performance in children and we pointed out the necessity to establish programs related with healthy habits which include improvements in physical activity and nutrition behaviours with the objective to enhance children’s health general status, psychological profile, cognitive and motor development, and academic performance.

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Turti, Tatyana V., Irina A. Belyaeva, Marina A. Snovskaya, Olga L. Lukoyanova, Elena P. Zimina, Elena A. Bakovich, Zulfiya F. Zokirova, Maria D. Mitish, Ekaterina G. Bokuchava et Anastasia G. Selivanovа. « Implication of Modern Complementary Foods in Critical Period for Child Health Programming ». Pediatric pharmacology 15, n^o 3 (6 juillet 2018) : 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v15i3.1909.

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The current development of medicine and the results of recent large-scale academic research in pediatrics provide the convincing conclusions that the formation of human health begins in the antenatal period of ontogenesis and continues throughout the infancy. The ideas and subsequent academic research on the influence of nutrition during the first thousand days of life on the programming of metabolism and the development of some chronic somatic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease have become widespread. In addition, at the same period of life immune abnormalities with a predominance of one of the subpopulations, Th1 or Th2, can possibly form in children at risk of developing allergies when immune response is developing. The predominance of the Th2 cytokine profile (hyperproduction of interleukins 4, 5, 13, etc.) suggests the possibility of stable formation of the atopic status in a child afterwards. Consequently, the application of academic knowledge on the health status programming by nutrition during early ontogenesis is an important tool in preventive pediatric practice.

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Hernández, Marisela, Estefany Terrazas, Fernando Martínez, Raymundo Cornejo, Vania Álvarez, Claudia Barraza et Fernando Gaxiola. « Exergames to study psychomotor factors of children with ADHD : Preliminary findings ». Avances en Interacción Humano-Computadora, n^o 1 (30 novembre 2020) : 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47756/aihc.y5i1.70.

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Exergaming is considered an effective way to promote physical exercising for young children. Previous work has argued in favor of using exergaming to help with health problems such as obesity, or to contribute with brain maturation, which may affect motor and cognitive abilities. In this work, we describe the preliminary results of a study focused on observing the psychomotor factors exposed by a child with ADHD attending a public primary school. The case of study is an eleven-year-old girl who attends a public primary school but who receives academic support from special education therapists. An off-the-shelf exergame was selected based on its instructional and physical activation features, which the child played with for six weeks. The exergame meets its aim to stimulate psychomotor factors. Attention, speed of reaction, body posture, temporospatial and dissociation skills are categories used for video analysis. Preliminary results seem to indicate that the child’s interaction with the game has produced positive outcomes for reading comprehension, writing, memory, and visuomotor skills. CUMANES and MABC-2 are the batteries used for PRE and POST tests.

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Hollar, Danielle, Sarah E. Messiah, Gabriela Lopez-Mitnik, T. Lucas Hollar, Marie Almon et Arthur S. Agatston. « Effect of a Two-Year Obesity Prevention Intervention on Percentile Changes in Body Mass Index and Academic Performance in Low-Income Elementary School Children ». American Journal of Public Health 100, n^o 4 (avril 2010) : 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.165746.

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Glanz, Karen, Jessica J. Metcalfe, Sara C. Folta, Alison Brown et Barbara Fiese. « Diet and Health Benefits Associated with In-Home Eating and Sharing Meals at Home : A Systematic Review ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 4 (7 février 2021) : 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041577.

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In-home and shared meals have been hypothesized to have positive effects. This narrative review examines research on the influence of in-home eating on diet quality, health outcomes, and family relationships. A combination search approach included a search of PubMed, backward searches of previous published reviews, and studies the authors were familiar with. A search identified 118 publications; 54 original studies and 11 review studies were included in this review. Each study was reviewed and summarized. The diverse designs precluded quantitative data synthesis. Relatively strong evidence from cross-sectional research supports the association of shared family meals with favorable dietary patterns in children and adolescents, including consumption of fruits, vegetables, and healthful nutrients. Correlational evidence links shared meals with health and psychosocial outcomes in youth, including less obesity, decreased risk for eating disorders, and academic achievement. Most evidence is cross-sectional, thus, limiting attribution of causality. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that interventions improve the frequency of shared meals, improve diet, or prevent child obesity. Despite the “common wisdom”, the evidence that in-home, shared meals, per se, have positive effects on diet quality, health outcomes, psychosocial outcomes, and family relationships is limited due to weak research designs and single-item measurement of the independent variable. More research, with stronger designs, is warranted.

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Newcomb, Patricia, et Alaina Cyr. « Conditions Associated with Childhood Asthma in North Texas ». ISRN Allergy 2012 (24 septembre 2012) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/823608.

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Introduction. The purpose of this study was to identify significant associations between asthma diagnosis, comorbid conditions, and social problems in children. Method. This study explored data collected in a unique, regional survey of children’s health in north Texas originally administered in 2009 to a random sample of 21,530 households with children from 0 to 14 years of age. Descriptive statistics were compiled for the subsample of children with asthma, associations of interest were identified, and strengths of relevant associations were calculated. Results. The prevalence of asthma in school-aged children in the target area is 19–25%, which exceeds both national and state values. Statistically significant associations were found between asthma and allergies, sleep problems, and tonsillectomy. Significant associations were identified between asthma and school absences, academic problems, and behavior problems in school. There was a significantly greater prevalence of obesity/overweight among children with asthma than without asthma. Discussion. Children with asthma are at high risk for impairment in multiple dimensions. Thorough assessment, including comprehensive medical, social, and environmental histories, is critical in management of pediatric asthma.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Obesity in children Obesity Dissertations, Academic »

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