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1
Luchin, Vladimir A., et Vladimir I. Matveev. « Interannual variability of thermal state of the cold subsurface layer in the Okhotsk Sea ». Izvestiya TINRO 187, no 4 (30 décembre 2016) : 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2016-187-205-216.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Long-term variability of the cold subsurface water (CSW) in the Okhotsk Sea is analyzed on the base of all available oceanographic data collected in March through August of 1946-2015 (total 65,742 stations). The Integral Heat Content (IHC) is calculated for each station and average annual IHC anomalies of the cold subsurface water are determined by month and by 2-degree grid. The IHC anomaly series are analyzed using the EOF analysis. Cycles with period of approximately 30 years are revealed in the variations of the subsurface layer heat content. Thus, in the 1946-1950, its temperature decreased, but it grew since 2009-2010 to 2015. The warming of CSW was also observed in the 1951-1964 and 1978-1994, while the cooling was in the 1965-1977 and 1995-2008. Based on this criterion, the CSW thermal condition in certain years is classified as «extremely cold» in 2001, as «cold» in 1949, 1950, 1951, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1999, 2000, 2010, 2012, as «normal» in 1946, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, as «warm» in 1948, 1956, 1964, 1968, 1974, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2015, and as «extremely warm» in 1963. Statistically significant correlation is found between changes of the CSW thermal conditions and long-term variations of atmosphere and ocean climate indices, as well as local patterns of the atmosphere-ice-ocean interaction in the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent onshore and offshore areas of Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
2
Retallack, Gregory J. « Ordovician Life on Land and Early Paleozoic Global Change ». Paleontological Society Papers 6 (novembre 2000) : 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000693.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many Paleontologists share the opinion of McGhee (1996), who wrote “Prior to the Devonian, there was no terrestrial ecosystem to speak of. Some primitive plants precariously establishing a beachhead in protected coastal areas was about it. The interiors of the continents of the planet Earth were as barren as the rocky landscapes of Mars.” Thus, it was with trepidation that I reported paleosols containing trace fossils of early land animals in the late Ordovician, Juniata Formation, of Pennsylvania (Retallack and Feakes, 1987; Retallack, 1992a, 1992b, 1993). My late colleague, Jane Gray, engendered considerable debate by reporting Ordovician and Early Silurian spores like those of liverworts (Gray and Boucot, 1977; Gray, 1985). This spore, trace fossil and paleosol evidence for life on land in the Ordovician has remained controversial (Buatois et al., 1998; Shear, 1998), but evidence for Ordovician life on land has continued to accumulate. Especially important was discovery of myriapod trackways from mid-Ordovician (Llandeilian-Caradocian) Borrowdale Volcanics of the Lake District, England (Johnson et al., 1994). Abundant arthropod burrows and tracks, and a single body fossil of an euthycarcinoid in the fluvial-eolian Tumblagooda Sandstone of Western Australia (White 1990; McNamara and Trewin, 1993; Trewin and McNamara, 1995) are now thought to be late Ordovician in age (Iaksy et al., 1998). An enigmatic assemblage of arthropods and plants from a mid-Ordovician paleokarst in Tennessee (Caster and Brooks, 1956) is now thought to have been lacustrine (Gray, 1988a). The fossil record of Ordovician land plants also has improved with the discovery of possible megafossil mosses (Snigirevskaya et al. 1992), and possible late Ordovician trilete spores (Nøhr-Hansen and Koppelhus, 1998; Richardson 1988; Strother, 1991; Strother et al., 1996). But the most abundant evidence for Ordovician life on land remains fossil soils, now exploited by increasingly thorough and sophisticated studies (Retallack, 1985, 1992a, 1992b, 1993; Feakes et al., 1989; Driese and Foreman 1991, 1992a, 1992b; Driese et al., 1992, 1997; Mora et al., 1991, 1996; Mora and Driese, 1993; Yapp and Poths, 1992, 1994, 1996; Yapp, 1993, 1996). Mounting evidence from fossils and paleosols now presents an increasingly detailed view of Ordovician ecosystems on land.
3
CICCHETTI, DANTE, et J. LAWRENCE ABER. « Contextualism and developmental psychopathology ». Development and Psychopathology 10, no 2 (juin 1998) : 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001540.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The field of developmental psychopathology has grown rapidly over the past several decades and research conducted within this framework has made substantial contributions to our understanding of human adaptation and maladaptation (Cicchetti & Cohen, 1995a, 1995b; Cicchetti & Richters, 1997; Cicchetti & Toth, 1998a). Influenced by the theoretical expositions of several prominent developmentalists, including Jay Belsky (1984), Uri Bronfenbrenner (1979), Robert Emde (1994), Donald Ford and Richard Lerner (1992), Michael Lewis (1997), Patricia Minuchin (1985), Arnold Sameroff (1983; Sameroff & Emde, 1989), Alan Sroufe (Sroufe, Egeland, & Kreutzer, 1990), and Esther Thelen and Linda Smith (1994), theorists have called attention to the importance of viewing the development of psychopathology within a continuously unfolding, dynamic, and ever changing context (see, for example, Belsky, 1993; Cicchetti & Aber, 1986; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Cicchetti & Toth, 1998b; Coie & Jacobs, 1993; Jensen & Hoagwood, 1997; Richters & Cicchetti, 1993; Susman, 1993). Moreover, we now know that social contexts exert effects not only on psychological processes but also on biological structures and processes (Boyce, Frank, Jensen, Kessler, Nelson, Steinberg, et al., 1998; Cicchetti & Tucker, 1994; Eisenberg, 1995; Nelson & Bloom, 1997).
4
Ward, Bruce R. « Declivity in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) recruitment at the Keogh River over the past decade ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no 2 (1 février 2000) : 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-243.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Survival and return of unharvested winter-run steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at the Keogh River, British Columbia, declined abruptly and remained persistently low after 1990. Adult returns averaged 1168 fish from 1976 to 1990 but were significantly lower from 1991 to 1998 (mean 223). Forty wild females returned to the 35-km river in 1995-1996, 20 in 1996-1997, and <10 in 1997-1998. The positive linear relationship between smolts and returns was significantly lower after 1990 and no longer correlated with smolt size. Smolt-to-adult survival averaged 15% (1976 to 1989) but recently averaged 3.5% (1990 to 1995). Smolt number steadily declined to <1000 by 1998 from an average annual count of 7000. Smolts per spawner from 1991 to 1994 were, on average, 70% lower than previous estimates based on the same spawner abundance. Recruitment scenarios based on survival histories during freshwater and marine life stages indicated that adult recruits are currently below replacement and unsustainable if conditions continue or worsen. Factors influencing steelhead in the ocean and freshwater are likely similar for other salmonids; harvest impacts must be reduced and appropriate stock rebuilding measures implemented.
5
Crandall, JoAnn (Jodi). « LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION ». Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 20 (janvier 2000) : 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500200032.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Language teacher education programs are likely to be housed in departments of applied linguistics, education, or languages and literature: These three disciplines provide the knowledge base and opportunities for developing skills and dispositions for both prospective and experienced teachers. Until recently, applied linguistics (psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, language description, and language teaching and testing methodology) formed the core of language teacher education, not unexpected, since language teaching has historically been the primary focus of applied linguistics (Bardovi-Harlig and Hartford 1997, Crandall 1995; 1996). However, during the last decade, general educational theory and practice have exerted a much more powerful influence on the direction of the education of both preservice and inservice language teacher education, resulting in a greater focus on: 1) practical experiences such as observations, practice teaching, and opportunities for curriculum and materials development (Crandall 1994, Johnson 1996b, Pennington 1990, Richards 1990, Richards and Crookes 1988); 2) classroom-centered or teacher research (Allwright and Bailey 1991, Chaudron 1988, Edge and Richards 1993, Nunan 1989, van Lier 1988); and 3) teacher beliefs and teacher cognition in language teacher education (Freeman 1996; 1998, Freeman and Johnson 1998a, Richards and Nunan 1990). In fact, the last decade can be viewed as a search for a theory of language teaching and, by extension, of language teacher education at both the micro and macro levels (Freeman and Johnson 1998b, Johnson 1996a, Larsen-Freeman 1990, Richards 1990). Language teacher education is a microcosm of teacher education, and many of the trends in current language teacher education derive from theory and practice in general teacher education. These trends include at least four major shifts.
6
Rosenberg, Jon, William R. Jarvis, Sharon L. Abbott et Due J. Vugia. « Emergence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in San Francisco Bay Area Hospitals During 1994 to 1998 ». Infection Control & ; Hospital Epidemiology 25, no 5 (mai 2004) : 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502414.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractObjective:To determine the magnitude of van-comycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area.Design:Active laboratory-based surveillance for VRE from January 1995 through December 1996 and a laboratory-based and hospital-based questionnaire survey for 1993 to 1994 and 1997 to 1998.Setting:All 33 general acute care hospitals in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area.Participants:Laboratories and infection control professionals serving these hospitals, and staff of the California Emerging Infections Program.Results:The number of hospitals reporting 1 or more patient clinical VRE isolates was 1 (3%) in 1993, 7 (21%) in 1994, 31 (94%) in 1995, and 33 (100%) in 1996 to 1998. The number of patient isolates increased from 1 in 1993 to 24 in 1994, 176 in 1995,429 in 1996, 730 in 1997, and 864 in 1998. Most VRE isolates in 1995 and 1996 were from urine and were not associated with serious clinical disease. However, the number of isolates from blood increased from 9 (6% of total) in 1995 to 44 (12% of the total) in 1996, 90 (14%) in 1997, and 100 (13%) in 1998.Conclusions:Our data document the rapid emergence and increase of VRE in all hospitals in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area during 1994 to 1998. Infection control measures for VRE together with antibiotic utilization programs should be implemented to limit further spread.
7
Brown, MacAlister. « Election Observers in Cambodia, 1998 : What Can We Learn ? » Government and Opposition 35, no 1 (janvier 2000) : 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
COUNTRIES RIVEN BY INTERNAL CONFLICT HAVE INCREASINGLY SOUGHT to resolve their conf licts and establish stable government by conducting elections, which outside observers can verify as ‘free and fair’. The first highly successful such venture, in Nicaragua 1990, was followed by election operations by the UN in Ethiopia 1992, Angola 1992, El Salvador 1994, Mozambique 1994, South Africa 1994, Haiti 1995, Liberia 1997 and Cambodia 1993 and 1998. The degree of stability and reconciliation achieved by these operations has varied, but the recent election observer effort, in Cambodia (26 July 1998), had a disputed outcome, which raised fundamental questions concerning the efficacy of post-conf lict election monitoring.
8
Itioka, Takao, et Manabu Yamauti. « Severe drought, leafing phenology, leaf damage and lepidopteran abundance in the canopy of a Bornean aseasonal tropical rain forest ». Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no 4 (juillet 2004) : 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001658.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rainfall fluctuation influences the physiology and leaf production of the trees in tropical rain forests (Burslem et al. 1996, Condit et al. 1995, Reekie & Wayne 1992, Reich 1995), and consequently it may have an impact on the community of herbivores that depend on forest trees for their food resources (Aide 1988, 1992; Basset 1991, Coley 1998, Lowman 1985, van Schaik et al. 1993).
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Tanaka, Masatoshi, Hiroshi Nakayama, Masashi Haraoka, Takeshi Saika, Intetsu Kobayashi et Seiji Naito. « Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and High Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Isolates in Japan, 1993 to 1998 ». Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no 2 (2000) : 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.2.521-525.2000.
Texte intégralRésumé :
To assess the antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from 1993 through 1998 in Japan, susceptibility testing was conducted on 502 isolates. Selected isolates were characterized by auxotype and analysis for mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in the gyrAand parC genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance on the organism. Plasmid-mediated penicillin resistance (penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae) decreased significantly from 1993–1994 (7.9%) to 1997–1998 (2.0%). Chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance decreased from 1993–1994 (12.6%) to 1995–1996 (1.9%) and then increased in 1997–1998 (10.7%). Chromosomally mediated tetracycline resistance decreased from 1993–1994 (3.3%) to 1997–1998 (2.0%), and no plasmid-mediated high-level tetracycline resistance was found. Isolates with ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC ≥ 1 μg/ml) increased significantly from 1993–1994 (6.6%) to 1997–1998 (24.4%). The proline-requiring isolates were less susceptible to ciprofloxacin than the prototrophic or arginine-requiring isolates. Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates contained three or four amino acid substitutions within the QRDR in the GyrA and ParC proteins.
10
BOUGIOUKLIS (Π. ΜΠΟΥΠΟΥΚΛΗΣ), P., I. GEORGOPOULOU (Ι. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) et P. IORDANIDIS (Π. ΙΟΡΔΑΝΙΔΗΣ). « Epizootic study of IBD in chickens during the years 1990-1998 in North Greece ». Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 51, no 3 (31 janvier 2018) : 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15679.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report concerns an epizootic study of IBD in chickens reared in North Greece, during the years 1990-1998. The frequency of IBD was determined according to year, month and productive direction. The clinical cases were studied from the Clinic of Poultry Diseases (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) during the years 1990-1998. An increase of IBD cases was determined in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996 and 1997. Also, an increase of IBD cases was observed during the Spring and Summer months. A higher frequency of IBD was observed on broilers.
11
Ray, Wayne A., et Keith G. Meador. « Antipsychotics and sudden death : Is thioridazine the only bad actor ? » British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no 06 (juin 2002) : 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.6.483.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For at least the past 30 years it has been known that people with schizophrenia have higher death rates, particularly from cardiovascular causes, than would be expected on the basis of demographics (Allebeck & Wistedt, 1986; Mortensen & Juel, 1990; Newman & Bland, 1991; Walker et al, 1997). Initially, suspicion focused upon lifestyle factors, such as ubiquitous smoking and poor self-care, and perhaps upon a direct effect of the disease. However, some of the suspicion began to shift to the drugs used to treat the disease, fuelled both by the accumulation of case reports among antipsychotic users of serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden unexpected deaths (Liberatore & Robinson, 1984; Kriwisky et al, 1990; Mehtonen et al, 1991; Donatini et al, 1992; Thomas, 1994; Jackson et al, 1997; Ravin & Levenson, 1997; Zarate et al, 1997; Dickinson, 2000), as well as advancing understanding of the electrophysiological properties of these drugs (Thomas, 1994; Suessbrich et al, 1997; Drici et al, 1998; Rampe et al, 1998; Shader & Greenblatt, 1998; Studenik et al, 1998; Reilly et al, 2000).
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Ulrich, R., et J. Raszyk. « Variations in environmental contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and chlorinated pesticides (Lindane, DDT) on ping farms in Hodonín district in 1994 to 1999 ». Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 6 (30 mars 2012) : 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5820-vetmed.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Environmental samples (n = 216) were collected at regular intervals from 1994 to 1999 on three pig farms (D., M., T.) in the area of the district town of Hodonín, Czech Republic. The samples of feed mixtures (n = 85), drinking water (n = 44), barn dust sediments (n = 45), and muscular tissue of feeder pigs (n = 42) were analysed for the concentrations of PCB (sum of 7 indicator congeners), DDT (sum of 6 isomers), and lindane (g-hexachlorocyclohexane). The concentrations of lindane showed increasing tendencies in feed mixtures (1995–1999), drinking water (1997–1999), barn dust sediments (1996–1998), and pork (1997–1999). The limit of permissi-ble concentrations (hereinafter limit) was exceeded in two samples of feed mixtures collected in 1994. The limit for DDT was exceeded in two samples of feed mixtures collected in 1994. Generally, the concentrations showed a decreasing tendency in feed mixtures and barn dust sediments (1997–1999) and regular fluctuations in pork. The limit for PCB was exceeded in two samples of feed mixtures collected in 1994 and in one sample of drink-ing water collected in 1995. The concentrations showed increasing tendencies in feed mixtures (1995–1998) and pork (1996–1998). Decreasing tendencies were observed in drinking water (1995–1999) and barn dust sediments (1994–1997). Compared with mean values for the Czech Republic, the concentrations of lindane were higher in feed samples collected in 1994, 1997, and 1998, in drinking water samples collected in 1994 and 1995, and in pork samples collected in 1994–1998, the concentrations of DDT were higher in feed samples collected in 1994, 1997, and 1998, drinking water samples collected in 1995, and pork samples collected in 1994 and 1996–1998, and the concentrations of PCB were higher in feed samples collected in 1997 and 1998, in drinking water samples collected in 1994 and 1995, and in pork samples collected in 1996–1998. The health risk of DDT, lindane, and PCB has been assessed as moderate, medium, and moderately increased, respectively.
13
Thurston, Graham S., et James D. MacGregor. « Body size - realized fecundity relationship of whitemarked tussock moth ». Canadian Entomologist 135, no 4 (août 2003) : 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Insect body size and fecundity are frequently reported to be correlated (e.g., Miller 1957; Dempster 1971; Beckwith 1976; Hough and Pimental 1978; Gilbert 1984; Carroll and Quiring 1993; Honek 1993; Spurgeon et al. 1995; Tammaru et al. 1996, 2002; Nylin and Gotthard 1998). The main body of evidence for this relationship stems from laboratory experiments where potential fecundity (or total egg production) is most often measured (Tammaru et al. 1996); very little evidence is available from field studies (Sopow and Quiring 1998). Realized fecundity (or total eggs laid) is affected by many extrinsic factors (e.g., Leather 1988; Carroll and Quiring 1993; Tammaru et al. 1996), suggesting that fecundity measures derived from laboratory experimentation may not be useful in nature where abiotic conditions may be highly variable (Carroll and Quiring 1993; Nylin and Gotthard 1998; Sopow and Quiring 1998).
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Kunnan, Antony John. « RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LANGUAGE TESTING ». Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 19 (janvier 1999) : 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190599190123.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In an earlier review for the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Douglas (1995) wrote, “the year 1990 represented a watershed in language testing” (p. 167). This decade, though by no means over, has taken the field even further in terms of theoretical and practical developments. A few examples should illustrate this point: For test theoreticians and researchers, models of communicative language ability have challenged the traditional skills–and–components models (Bachman 1990, Bachman and Palmer 1996); applications of Messick's (1989) expanded view of validation have balanced arguments previously made solely by measurement experts (Kunnan 1998a); discussions of policy and social considerations (McNamara 1998), fairness (Kunnan 1996; in press), critical language testing (Shohamy 1997a) and ethics and professionalism (Davies 1997a; 1997b) have added new beveled angles for debates; structural equation modeling has successfully asserted its role as useful quantitative methodology (Kunnan 1995; 1998b); and verbal protocol analysis has proved to be a viable qualitative methodology (Green 1997).
15
Kolodnyi, Anatolii M., et Oleksandr N. Sagan. « Map of Religions of Ukraine ». Ukrainian Religious Studies, no 13 (14 mars 2000) : 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2000.13.1063.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ukraine is a multi-confessional state, where, as of January 1, 2000, 23 543 religious community organizations, monasteries, missions, fraternities, educational establishments belonging to 90 denominations, branches, churches are officially registered. (For comparison, at the beginning of 1991, the following organizations were registered in Ukraine: 9994, 1992 - 12962, 1993 - 15017, 1994 - 14962, 1995 - 16984, 1996 - 18 111, 1997 - 19110, 1998 - 20 406, 1999 - 21 843 organizations). In their property or use, there are over 16 637 religious buildings. Confessions have opened 250 convents, 184 missions, 49 brotherhoods, 121 religious schools, 7,165 Sunday schools and catechesis offices, and 194 periodicals. Religious needs of believers are satisfied by 21 281 priests, of whom 650 are foreigners.
16
Ichie, Tomoaki, Tanaka Kenta, Michiko Nakagawa, Kaori Sato et Tohru Nakashizuka. « Resource allocation to reproductive organs during masting in the tropical emergent tree, Dipterocarpus tempehes ». Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no 2 (16 février 2005) : 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404002214.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Some tree species exhibit large year-to-year variation in seed production, a phenomenon known as masting (Kelly 1994, Kelly & Sork 2002). Even in tropical rain forests, in which the climate is suitable for plant growth all year round with little seasonal variation (Whitmore 1998), there are many reports of masting (Appanah 1993, Hart 1995, Newbery et al. 1998, Newstrom et al. 1994, Wheelwright 1986). In particular, Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant family in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests in South-East Asia, undergo mast fruiting following mass-flowering with strong interspecific synchronization in aseasonal western Malesia (Appanah 1985, 1993; Ashton 1989, Ashton et al. 1988, Curran et al. 1999, Janzen 1974, Medway 1972, Sakai et al. 1999, Whitmore 1998, Wood 1956). In mixed-dipterocarp forests, dipterocarp species contribute more than 70% of the canopy biomass (Bruenig 1996, Curran & Leighton 2000). Masting of dipterocarp species is therefore likely to have a major impact on animal populations, and also on the nutrient cycle in such forest ecosystems by causing fluctuations in the availability of resources (Sakai 2002).
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Paudel, B. H. « STATUS OF PUBLICATIONS IN JOURNAL OF NEPAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DURING 1991-2000 : AN OVERVIEW - I ». Journal of Nepal Medical Association 40, no 139 (1 juillet 2003) : 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.828.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is a "meta-analytical" study of publications in Journal of Nepal MedicalAssociation (JNMA). The study aimed at investigating the quantitative status ofpublications in JNMA during 1991-2000, which could possibly be used as a feedbackfor improvement of journal quality. A total of 469 articles were classified according totheir headings. They were sub-grouped into yearly, two-yearly (1991-1992, 1993-1994etc), three-yearly (e.g., 1991-1993, 1994-1996 etc), and five-yearly (1991-1995, 1996-2000) basis. The proportions of articles within each sub-group across time from 1991to 2000 were compared (e.g., 1991-1992 vs. 1993-1994 etc) using Fisher exact or chi-square test. The JNMA publications during 1998-1999 were also compared with JIMA(Journal of Indian Medical Association) publications. The results showed that theoriginal articles and case reports were significantly less during mid nineties of the20th century. The editorials increased significantly whereas the articles on 'healthcare' and 'clinical pharmacology' were decreased in the 2nd half of the decade. Whenthe publications during 1998-1999 were compared with JIMA, the proportions of reviewand original articles in JNMA were significantly more. But the proportion of reviewsrelative to original articles was significantly less in JNMA as compared to JIMA. TheJNMA was specially featured with articles on medical education, and health policyand planning whereas the JIMA had more articles of interest for general practitioners.In conclusion, the JNMA publications during the period of 1991-2000 were notconsistent. The JNMA may need reconsideration of publication policy and to takemeasures to maintain constancy of its publications.Key Words: meta-analysis, quality publication, quantity of publication.
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Paudel, B. H. « STATUS OF PUBLICATIONS IN JOURNAL OF NEPAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DURING 1991-2000 : AN OVERVIEW - I ». Journal of Nepal Medical Association 40, no 139 (1 juillet 2003) : 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.829.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is a "meta-analytical" study of publications in Journal of Nepal MedicalAssociation (JNMA). The study aimed at investigating the quantitative status ofpublications in JNMA during 1991-2000, which could possibly be used as a feedbackfor improvement of journal quality. A total of 469 articles were classified according totheir headings. They were sub-grouped into yearly, two-yearly (1991-1992, 1993-1994etc), three-yearly (e.g., 1991-1993, 1994-1996 etc), and five-yearly (1991-1995, 1996-2000) basis. The proportions of articles within each sub-group across time from 1991to 2000 were compared (e.g., 1991-1992 vs. 1993-1994 etc) using Fisher exact or chi-square test. The JNMA publications during 1998-1999 were also compared with JIMA(Journal of Indian Medical Association) publications. The results showed that theoriginal articles and case reports were significantly less during mid nineties of the20th century. The editorials increased significantly whereas the articles on 'healthcare' and 'clinical pharmacology' were decreased in the 2nd half of the decade. Whenthe publications during 1998-1999 were compared with JIMA, the proportions of reviewand original articles in JNMA were significantly more. But the proportion of reviewsrelative to original articles was significantly less in JNMA as compared to JIMA. TheJNMA was specially featured with articles on medical education, and health policyand planning whereas the JIMA had more articles of interest for general practitioners.In conclusion, the JNMA publications during the period of 1991-2000 were notconsistent. The JNMA may need reconsideration of publication policy and to takemeasures to maintain constancy of its publications.Key Words: meta-analysis, quality publication, quantity of publication.
19
Wigen, Kären. « Teaching About Home : Geography at Work in the Prewar Nagano Classroom ». Journal of Asian Studies 59, no 3 (août 2000) : 550–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658943.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the geography classroom as a crucible of nationalist ideology. In the past decade, scholars from around the world have exposed the chauvinism of national atlases (Black 1997; Fahlbusch, Rossler, and Siegrist 1989), assessed the citizenship models implicit in social-studies readers (Bailly 1998; Soysal 1998), traced the institutional linkages between geography and imperialism (Bell, Butlin, and Heffernan 1995; Godlewska and Smith 1994; Livingstone 1992), and explored the role of spatial images and metaphors in shaping national identities (Hooson 1994; Thongchai 1994).
20
Bushnell, Cade. « On developing a systematic methodology for analyzing categories in talk-in-interaction : Sequential categorization analysis ». Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 24, no 4 (1 décembre 2014) : 735–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.24.4.03bus.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this essay, I discuss one direction for developing a systematic, data-grounded analysis of categories in talk-in-interaction. This framework is developed around two main analytical foci. The first examines how the participants themselves work to publicly associate some set of normatively and morally accountable actions, rights, obligations, entitlements, attributes, etc. (i.e., category-bound predicates; see, e.g., Jayyusi 1984; Sacks 1972a, 1972b, 1979, 1992; Watson 1978) to the various turn- and sequence-generated categories built up by their actions-in-talk, and to explicit categorial formulations (i.e., labels, metonyms, descriptions, etc.) and their indexers. The second is concerned with how the participants recognizably and relevantly accomplish the sequential organization and turn by turn management of their categorization work. The notions of rhetorical (see Edwards 1991, 1997, 1998), conditional (Schegloff 1968, 1972), and retro-relevance (see Schegloff 2007a on ‘retro-sequences’), along with response priority (Bilmes 1993, 1995; see also Bilmes 1988) are introduced as sequential analytical tools for developing a systematic, data-based analysis of these practices.
21
Shah, Ajit. « Old age psychiatry and geriatric medicine admissions and elderly suicide rates in England ». International Psychogeriatrics 22, no 3 (28 janvier 2010) : 502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991700.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Almost all elderly suicide victims have mental illness, and up to 90% have depression (Shah and De, 1998). A significant number of elderly suicide victims in Western countries consult their general practitioner or psychiatrist or contact mental health services between one week and six months prior to the suicide (Catell, 1988; Conwell et al., 1990; 1991; Catell and Jolley, 1995; Vassilas and Morgan, 1993; 1994). This offers an opportunity for identification and treatment of the mental illness. Thus, the availability of appropriate healthcare services may be an important factor associated with elderly suicide rates.
22
Nelson, Lindsay. « Developing an Understanding of Theory in Organisational Change ». Journal of Management & ; Organization 8, no 1 (2002) : 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200005137.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Management literature related to globalisation and the need for organisations to gain a competitive advantage has grown in prominence over the past two decades (Caves 1982; Porter 1985, 1990, 1991, 1998; Barney 1995; Peteraf 1993; Barner 1996; Duncan, Ginter & Swayne 1998; Thomas, Pollock & Gorman 1998; Zahra 1998; Zahra & O'Neil, 1998; Gupta & Govindarajan 2001). Concomitant with globalisation and competitive advantage are issues related to achieving successful organisational change, since it logically holds that any activity to increase an organisation's effectiveness necessarily involves some sort of change. Much of the research attention in the past has focussed on strategies for implementing change, including overcoming resistance, rather than developing theories which lead to a greater understanding of the processes of change. Early research (Coch & French 1948; Ginzberg & Reilly 1957; Lewin 1951) reflect the historical concentration on how best to implement change; this tradition is more recently exemplified by Carnall (1999) who examines practical techniques for achieving change in organisations. However, literature relating to the theory of change remains fragmented and inconclusive.
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Nelson, Lindsay. « Developing an Understanding of Theory in Organisational Change ». Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 8, no 1 (2002) : 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2002.8.1.32.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Management literature related to globalisation and the need for organisations to gain a competitive advantage has grown in prominence over the past two decades (Caves 1982; Porter 1985, 1990, 1991, 1998; Barney 1995; Peteraf 1993; Barner 1996; Duncan, Ginter & Swayne 1998; Thomas, Pollock & Gorman 1998; Zahra 1998; Zahra & O'Neil, 1998; Gupta & Govindarajan 2001). Concomitant with globalisation and competitive advantage are issues related to achieving successful organisational change, since it logically holds that any activity to increase an organisation's effectiveness necessarily involves some sort of change. Much of the research attention in the past has focussed on strategies for implementing change, including overcoming resistance, rather than developing theories which lead to a greater understanding of the processes of change. Early research (Coch & French 1948; Ginzberg & Reilly 1957; Lewin 1951) reflect the historical concentration on how best to implement change; this tradition is more recently exemplified by Carnall (1999) who examines practical techniques for achieving change in organisations. However, literature relating to the theory of change remains fragmented and inconclusive.
24
Slocum, Matthew G., T. Mitchell Aide, Jess K. Zimmerman et Luis Navarro. « Natural regeneration of subtropical montane forest after clearing fern thickets in the Dominican Republic ». Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no 4 (juillet 2004) : 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001646.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tropical forests can recover after anthropogenic disturbances of light to moderate intensity (Aide et al. 1995, 1996, 2000; Uhl 1987, Uhl et al. 1988); however, severe disturbances (e.g. compaction or loss of soil) often result in conditions that prevent forest recovery. These degraded sites are often dominated by grasses (Aide & Cavelier 1994, Cabin et al. 2002, Cavelier et al. 1998, Uhl et al. 1988) and ferns (Cohen et al. 1995, García et al. 1994, Slocum et al. 2000, Walker & Boneta 1995) that can impose barriers for tree regeneration and arrest the succession process. Important barriers for tree regeneration include: (1) competition with grasses and ferns for soil moisture, nutrients and light (Aide & Cavelier 1994, Guimarães-Vieira et al. 1994, Holl et al. 2000, Nepstad et al. 1996, Russell et al. 1998, Walker 1994, Zimmerman et al. 2000), and (2) dispersal limitation given that grasses and fernlands offer few resources that attract seed dispersers (Guevara & Laborde 1993, Holl et al. 2000, McDonnell & Stiles 1983, Slocum & Horvitz 2000, Zimmerman et al. 2000).
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Janmaat, Jan G. « Language Politics in Education and the Response of the Russians in Ukraine ». Nationalities Papers 27, no 3 (septembre 1999) : 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009059999108975.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ukraine's independence signaled the end of the post-war Russification of the school system and the beginning of a large scale Ukrainization of the educational sector. From the 1990–1991 school year to the 1997–1998 school year, the national authorities raised the proportion of Ukrainian-instructed school children from 47.9% to 62.8% nationwide. As the language of instruction in Ukraine's schools almost exclusively is either Ukrainian or Russian, the relative percentage of Russian-instructed school children, conversely, declined from 51.4% to 36.4% during the same period. Ukraine is not the only Soviet successor state that has promoted the language of the titular nationality in the sphere of education at the expense of Russian. In Kazakhstan, for example, the proportion of pupils receiving their education in Kazakh grew from 32.4% in 1990–1991 to 40.1% in 1993–1994, and the percentage of Russian-instructed children, accordingly, fell from 65.0% to 57.2%. In Moldova, the number of pupils studying exclusively in Moldovan increased from 424,000 to 447,000 between 1989–1990 and 1992–1993, while the number of pupils studying exclusively in Russian dropped from 290,000 to 262,000.
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SHAH, AJIT. « The influence of exclusion criteria on the relationship between suicide rates and age in cross-national studies ». International Psychogeriatrics 19, no 5 (13 juin 2007) : 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610207005613.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Traditionally, suicide rates increase with aging in many countries (Shah and De, 1998). However, exceptions to this observation are emerging. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1995 revealed that female suicide rates did not increase with age in Mauritius, Colombia, Albania and Finland (Shah and De, 1998). Suicide rates increased with age in Switzerland (Ajdacic-Gross et al., 2006), Brazil (Mello-Santos et al., 2005) and China (Yip et al., 2000), but there were smaller peaks in the younger age-bands. Suicide rates among Australian, New Zealand and white American males increased with age, but suicide rates for females initially increased with age, peaking at menopause, and declining thereafter (Skegg and Cox, 1991; Woodbury et al., 1988; Snowdon and Snowdon, 1995). Suicide rates among non-white Americans (Seiden, 1981; Woodbury et al., 1988), Indians (Adityanjee, 1986; Bhatia et al., 1987), Jordanians (Daradekh, 1989), Indian immigrants to the U.K. (Raleigh et al., 1990; Needleman et al., 1997) and some east European countries (Sartorius, 1995) declined with increasing age.
27
Ding, L. K., M. Nishizawa, T. Sasaki, Y. H. Tan, Y. Yamamoto et T. Yuda. « Time Variation of the Global Solar Magnetic Field Inferred from the Sun's Shadow as Seen in 10 TeV Cosmic Rays ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 185 (1998) : 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900239223.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Air shower arrays with high counting rates at high altitude provide a unique means for the study of the time dependence of the Sun's shadow as seen in cosmic rays (Amenomori et al. 1992). With the Tibet-I array, operated from 1990 to 1993 at Yangbajing (4300m), we detected for the first time the influence of the solar and interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF) on the Sun's shadow. In this experiment the Sun's shadow seen by 10 TeV cosmic rays was found at a position 0.°7 away from the position of the Sun. This large displacement is considered to be caused by IMF which changed considerably in 1990-1993, near maximum, and during the declining phase of solar activity (cycle 22). A new Tibet-II array, enlarged in 1994, with a seven times larger effective area than the Tibet-I, has been operating since 1995 and allows us to observe the Sun's shadow every 3-4 months. The solar activity, being in the most quiet phase now in 1995-1997, will return to more active phase in 1998. Here, we present some results obtained in 1996 with Tibet-II array.
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Moruzzi, Trina L., Kimberly J. Royar, Clayton Grove, Robert T. Brooks, Christopher Bernier, Frank L. Thompson, Richard M. DeGraaf et Todd K. Fuller. « Assessing an American Marten, Martes americana, Reintroduction in Vermont ». Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no 2 (1 avril 2003) : 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i2.681.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During October-December 1989-1991, biologists from the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department and the USDA Forest Service reintroduced 115 (88 male, 27 female) American Martens (Martes americana) into the southern half of the Green Mountain National Forest. During the years of release, brief radio-contact was made with 9 of the 13 (8 male, 5 female) radiocollared animals, and several of these may have established residency. Results of winter track count surveys suggested the presence of at least four Martens in 1990. During winter 1994-1995, Trailmaster® cameras and boxed camera systems detected Martens at two, and Fishers (Martes pennanti) at 11, of 20 sites. During winter 1997-1998, Fishers were detected at 37 of 47 boxed camera sites, but no Martens were detected. During summer 1997 and 1998, no Marten photos were recorded at 285 pressure-plate camera stations in a larger area that included all Marten release sites. Although post-release monitoring may have been insufficient to definitively confirm Marten presence, results from the 1997 and 1998 camera surveys indicate that a viable population of Martens was not established in southern Vermont, perhaps due to competition with Fishers.
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Silva, Heraldo Aparecido. « Narrativa e educação : algumas reflexões a partir de Benjamin, Kundera e Rorty ». Revista Diálogo Educacional 11, no 33 (7 juillet 2011) : 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rde.v11i33.4420.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este artigo analisa alguns aspectos da noção de narrativa à luz das idéias do filósofo alemão Walter Benjamin (1892-1940), do literato tcheco Milan Kundera (1929-) e do filósofo norte-americano Richard Rorty (1931-2007). A fundamentação teórica de nosso estudo estará centrada, principalmente, no conhecimento advindo a partir de autores como: Benjamin (1975, 1986), Kundera (1988, 1994), Rorty (1990, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000) e Orwell (1996). Assim, a interpretação dos textos dos autores estudados e a posterior confrontação de suas idéias permitirão relacioná-las conceitualmente com a temática proposta. Finalmente, propomos mostrar que, em alguns momentos e a despeito das diferenças teóricas entre Benjamin, Kundera e Rorty, suas vozes ecoam importantes mensagens em comum para a educação.
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Azid, Toseef, et Muhammad Akbar Noor. « Investment, Hysteresis, and Layers of Techniques : A Case Study of Agricultural Manufacturing Machinery in Multan Division ». Pakistan Development Review 38, no 4II (1 décembre 1999) : 1117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.1117-1132.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The behaviour of firms is still a little understood matter. Why one firm or industry is investing more than the other or what makes a firm enter or exit from the market, what are the psychological factors that go to make a choice of this kind are questions that have not been answered satisfactorily. Concepts like irreversibility, uncertainty, investment, and the value of waiting are very much there in the literature, e.g., McDonald and Siegel (1985, 1986); Nickell (1974); Schmalensee (1972); Hartman (1972); Henry (1974) and LAM (1989) and others. But the psychology of decision-making on the face of losses has not received much attention in the literature. That the Economic Hysteresis1 and Layers of Techniques2, developed by Professor A. Dixit and Professor P. N. Mathur respectively tackle. The former is discussed by Pindyck (1988, 1991, 1992) and Dixit (1989, 1989a, 1991, 1992); while Mathur (1977, 1989, 1990); Law and Azid (1993); Azid and Ghosh (1998) and Rashid (1989,1989a) have discussed the latter.
31
GITHIRU, MWANGI, LEON BENNUN et LUC LENS. « Regeneration patterns among bird-dispersed plants in a fragmented Afrotropical forest, south-east Kenya ». Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no 1 (janvier 2002) : 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002092.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fruit-eating birds play an important role in the seed dispersal of many tropical plants (e.g. Herrera 1984), and the foraging behaviour of avian frugivores may affect their seed-dispersal capabilities (Loiselle & Blake 1999,Schupp 1993, Traveset 1994). For instance,shorter visits tend to produce less clumped seed distributions (Graham et al. 1995). Also,avian frugivores often feed on the fruits of several plant species over short periods of time (Herrera 1984, 1988a; Levey et al. 1994) in some non-random pattern (Herrera 1998). This potentially produces a predictable spatial pattern of the dispersed seeds (White & Stiles 1990). Forest destruction leads to fragmentation and degradation of the remaining habitats, which may influence patterns of adult tree distribution if the production, predation, dispersal, and/or regeneration of tree seeds is affected (Harrington et al. 1997). If dispersal of avian frugivores is disrupted by habitat fragmentation, plant species might face reduced regeneration, or even local extinction if they depend on a single, locally extinct disperser (Kellman et al. 1996). Increased predation of seeds and regenerating plants in the edges and gaps may also directly reduce regeneration rates (Corlett & Turner 1997, Harrington et al. 1997, Schupp 1988).
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Irons, David B., Steven J. Kendall, Wallace P. Erickson, Lyman L. McDonald et Brian K. Lance. « Nine Years After the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill : Effects on Marine Bird Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska ». Condor 102, no 4 (1 novembre 2000) : 723–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.4.723.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract We compared post Exxon Valdez oil-spill densities of marine birds in Prince William Sound from 1989–1991, 1993, 1996, and 1998 to pre-spill densities from 1984–1985. Post-spill densities of several species of marine birds were lower than expected in the oiled area of Prince William Sound when compared to densities in the unoiled area. These negative effects continued through 1998 for five taxa: cormorants, goldeneyes, mergansers, Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba), and murres. Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) and Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) exhibited negative effects in 1990 and 1991. Loons showed a weak negative effect in 1993. Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) showed relative decreases in 1989, 1996, and 1998 which may have been caused by shifts in foraging distribution rather than declines in populations. Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) showed positive effects in most post-spill years. Murrelets and terns showed relative increases in 1993, 1996, and 1998. Generally, taxa that dive for their food were negatively affected, whereas taxa that feed at the surface were not. Effects for some taxa were dependent upon the spatial scale at which they were analyzed. Movements of birds and the mosaic pattern of oiling reduced our ability to detect oil-spill effects, therefore our results may be conservative. Several marine bird species were negatively affected at the population level and have not recovered to pre-spill levels nine years after the oil spill. The reason for lack of recovery may be related to persistent oil remaining in the environment and reduced forage fish abundance.
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Wesche, Marjorie, et T. Sima Paribakht. « INTRODUCTION ». Studies in Second Language Acquisition 21, no 2 (juin 1999) : 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263199002016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the 12 years since Studies in Second Language Acquisition published its first thematic collection on L2 lexical issues, “The use and acquisition of the second language lexicon,” edited by S. Gass (1987), the centrality of lexical development in second language acquisition has received ever increasing recognition from researchers (see, for example, volumes by Arnaud & Béjoint, 1992; Coady & Huckin, 1997; Haastrup, 1991; Haastrup & Viberg, 1998; Harley, 1995, 1996; Hatch & Brown, 1995; Huckin, Haynes, & Coady, 1993; Meara, 1992; Nation, 1990; Schmitt & McCarthy, 1997; Schreuder & Weltens, 1993; Tréville, 1993; Tréville & Duquette, 1996). The 1987 collection was a leading foray into new territory, following a period of relative neglect of the lexicon in SLA. The issues taken up by its authors were quite diverse, ranging from the organization and components of the L2 lexicon, to aspects of acquisition such as cross-linguistic influence, restructuring, and rate, to L2 lexical-use issues such as retrieval and access. Since that time, a large body of L2 research and theory has developed around these and other topics, and it has become possible to deal comprehensively with single core issues in L2 lexical acquisition from multiple perspectives. The current collection is one such attempt, offering a set of related papers on the topic of incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition. Unlike the 1987 collection, which argued for recognition of the importance of the lexicon in a field dominantly concerned with the acquisition of syntax, the authors of the present collection assume the central importance of lexical acquisition.
34
CAO, CHENG-QUAN, JIAN-PING SHI et ZHAN YIN. « A new species of the genus Chrysacris Zheng, 1983 from China (Orthoptera : Acridoidea, Acrididae) ». Zootaxa 4311, no 3 (24 août 2017) : 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Chrysacris Zheng, 1983 is a median genus in Acrididae, which contains 18 species [Tu & Cheng, 1964; Zheng, 1983; Lian & Zheng, 1987; Li & Chen, 1988; Zheng, 1988; Liu, 1990; Ren et al, 1991; Liang & Jia, 1992; Zheng et al, 1992; Ren et al, 1993; Zhang & Zheng, 1993; Zheng, 1993; Zheng & Shi, 1993; Niu, 1994; Ren et al, 1994; Zheng et al, 1995; Yin et al, 1996; Ren 2001; Ren et al, 2002; Yin et al, 2003; Zheng et al, 2011; Dong et al, 2015; Eades, et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2017], mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Guizhou provinces of China. A new species of the genus Chrysacris is described from Inner Mongolia, China in this paper. Type specimens are deposited in the Natural Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
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Zhang, Hongqi, Lirong Tian, Shudong Bao et Mei Zhang. « Twist of Magnetic Fields in Solar Active Regions ». International Astronomical Union Colloquium 179 (2000) : 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100064587.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Extended abstractIn the solar atmosphere, the magnetic and current helicity have played an important role in the study of twisted magnetic field. Current helicity parameterh∥=B∥· (∇ ×B)∥and force free factorcan be used to analyze the distribution of twisted field (current helicity) in the photosphere (Seehafer 1990; Pevtsovet al.1995; Bao & Zhang 1998). Bao & Zhang (1998) and Zhang & Bao (1999) computed the photospheric current helicity parameterh∥for 422 active regions, including most of the large ones observed in the period of 1988–1997 at Huairou Solar Observing Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory.The calculated results (Pevtsovet al.1995; Abramenkoet al.1996; Bao & Zhang 1998) show that most current helicities in sunspot groups in the northern hemisphere show negative sign in the northern hemisphere, while positive in the southern hemisphere, which is consistent with Seehafer’s result (Seehafer 1990). The distribution of current helicity parameterh∥in active regions also shows the butterfly pattern through the solar cycle. And, less than 30% of the active regions do not follow the general trend (Zhang & Bao 1998).
36
Poveda, Justa M., Lourdes Cabezas, Sinéad Geary et Paul LH McSweeney. « Isolation and identification of some major peptides in the ethanol-soluble fraction of the pH 4·6-soluble extract from Manchego cheese ». Journal of Dairy Research 73, no 1 (24 janvier 2006) : 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029905001500.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Proteolysis is one of the major biochemical events which takes place during cheese ripening and its degradation products, amino acids and peptides, have a considerable influence on the sensory characteristics of cheese (Urbach, 1993). Primary proteolysis leads to the formation of large water-insoluble peptides and smaller water-soluble peptides. Several peptides from bovine milk cheeses have been isolated and identified, particularly from Cheddar cheese (e.g., McSweeney et al. 1994; Singh et al. 1994, 1995, 1997; Gouldsworthy et al. 1996; Fernández et al. 1998). However, there are few data available on the identification of peptides from ewes’ milk cheeses, although Michaelidou et al. (1998) identified some major peptides in the water-soluble fraction of Feta cheese (ewe's milk cheese).
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MURILLO, MAURICIO, et JIMMIE C. HOLLAND. « Clinical practice guidelines for the management of psychosocial distress at the end of life ». Palliative and Supportive Care 2, no 1 (mars 2004) : 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951504040088.
Texte intégralRésumé :
After years of neglect, care at the end of life is receiving increasing attention and concern. It is then that the body is consumed by a progressive and mortal illness, and the person must cope not only with the bodily symptoms, but also with the existential crisis of the end of life and approaching death. As the body suffers, the mind is indeed “commanded … to suffer with the body,” as Shakespeare so well described. Thus, suffering near the end of life encompasses both the mind and the body. Providing optimal symptom relief and alleviation of suffering is the highest priority. However, evidence suggests that we continue to fall far short of this ideal (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 1996; Cassem, 1997; Cassel & Foley, 1999; Carver & Foley, 2000). Although pain management guidelines have been the most widely disseminated, we know that many patients continue to suffer not only from pain, but other troubling physical symptoms in their final days (American Nursing Association, 1991; Carr et al., 1994; American Pain Society, 1995; American Academy of Neurology, 1996; American Board of Internal Medicine, 1996; Ahmedzai, 1998). Despite clear advances in the identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders, we continue to underdiagnose and undertreat the debilitating symptoms of depression, anxiety, and delirium in the final stages of life (Carroll et al., 1993; Hirschfeld et al., 1997; Holland, 1997, 1998, 1999; Breitbart et al., 2000; Chochinov & Breitbart, 2000). And, beyond these physical and psychological symptoms, we fall even shorter of our goals of alleviating the spiritual, psychosocial, and existential suffering of the dying patient and family (Cherny & Portenoy, 1994; Cherny et al., 1996; Fitchett & Handzo, 1998; Karasu, 2000). And this is in spite of the ethical imperative “to comfort always” (Pellegrino, 2000).
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Sisk, Dorothy A. « Creative Leadership : A Study of Middle Managers, Senior Level Managers and CEOs ». Gifted Education International 15, no 3 (mai 2001) : 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142940101500306.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Today's world is confronted with an increasingly complex society, explosive technological change, growing social demands and ever decreasing material and natural resources (Waterman, 1987; Bennis, 1989; Lodge, 1990; Carnes, 1992; Talbot, 1992 and Smith, 1995). World leaders are realizing the importance of judiciously employing the unique talent and creative energy of their citizens to these problems and issues (Peters & Waterman, 1982; Deming, 1986; McCrone, 1993; Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin (1993); Ainsworth-Land (1997); Mumford and Simonton (1997); Tesluk, Tarr and Kleim (1997); Diets, 1994 and Manz and Sims, 1996). This article will focus on a research study of the behaviors of individuals who were identified as demonstrating leadership effectiveness in their organizations. Attention was given to the role of leaders in developing leadership in co-workers to increase effectiveness and effect change in organizations.
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Jansen, Louise M. « Second language acquisition : from theory to data ». Second Language Research 16, no 1 (janvier 2000) : 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026765800671563747.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Clahsen's (1988) and Clahsen and Muysken's (1989) claim that subject–verb agreement and verb-second are unrelated in the acquisition of German second language acquisition (SLA) has met a number of counterpositions; for example: Pienemann and Johnston (1987) and Pienemann (1988; 1998), Jordens (1988), Eubank (1992; 1994) and Vainikka and Young-Scholten (1994; 1996). The conflicting claims source essentially the same data. The presentation and analysis of these data is scrutinized and a number of inconsistencies and methodological questions are identified. The paper argues that, when it comes to underpinning theoretical claims, more rigour in data description should be exercised.
40
HICKIE, IAN, et ELIZABETH SCOTT. « Late-onset depressive disorders : a preventable variant of cerebrovascular disease ? » Psychological Medicine 28, no 5 (septembre 1998) : 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291797006090.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The severe depressive disorders of late life are associated with high rates of medical morbidity and mortality, cognitive impairment, suicide, disability, complex treatment regimens, institutionalization and high costs to the community (Murphy, 1983; Murphy et al. 1988; Bruce & Leaf, 1989; NIH Consensus Development Panel, 1992; Alexopoulos et al. 1993a, b; Brodaty et al. 1993; Bruce et al. 1994; Forsell et al. 1994; Hickie et al. 1995; Blazer, 1996). Those disorders that are accompanied by cognitive impairment and/or concurrent medical morbidity have a particularly poor outcome (Bruce & Leaf, 1989; Alexopoulos et al. 1993b; Hickie et al. 1995, 1997a). Although psychosocial models of late-life depression place considerable importance on age-related psychological and social risk factors, those who survive into later life may actually be characterized by psychological resilience (Henderson, 1994; Blazer, 1997).Current aetiological research in late-life depression, therefore, places particular emphasis on the potential role of biological risk factors. The potential importance of vascular risk factors is receiving renewed attention and may provide opportunities for specific prevention and intervention strategies in high-risk populations. This emphasis on possible vascular risk factors, and the wider importance of vascular pathologies in late-life neuropsychiatric disorders, mirrors the emphasis of much earlier clinico-pathological studies (Binswanger, 1894; Alzheimer, 1895). The specific focus on the importance of small progressive changes within the subcortical white matter, as distinct from more discrete cortical infarcts (Olszewski, 1962), is now supported by the emerging neuroimaging literature and theoretical constructs in late-life depression (Krishnan, 1991, 1993; Hickie et al. 1996, 1997b; Krishnan et al. 1997).
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Brown, Kathryn, Andrew Hansen, Robert Keane et Lisa Graumlich. « A Landscape Approach to Aspen Restoration : Understanding the Role of Biophysical Setting in Aspen Community Dynamics ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 26 (1 janvier 2002) : 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2002.3515.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Considerable debate surrounds the persistence of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) communities in western North America. Loss of aspen cover has been documented in several studies in various Rocky Mountain ecosystems (Loope and Gruel 1973; Romme et al. 1995; Renkin and Despain 1996; Wirth et al. 1996; Baker et al. 1997; Kay 1997; Bartos and Campbell 1998; White et al. 1998; Gallant et al. 2003). Explanations for loss of aspen include conifer encroachment, fire exclusion, herbivory, and climatic fluctuations (Loope and Gruell 1973; Mueggler 1985; Bartos et al. 1994; Romme et al. 1995; Kay 1997; White et al. 1998). However, many studies documenting aspen decline have been geographically limited or based on a small sample of subjectively chosen stands (Barnett and Stohlgren 2001; Hessl 2002; Kaye et al. 2003).
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Moon, Seungsook. « Carving Out Space : Civil Society and the Women's Movement in South Korea ». Journal of Asian Studies 61, no 2 (mai 2002) : 473–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700298.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Is civil society gendered? What can the Korean women's movement tell us about the very notion and working of civil society and the 1990s history of democratization in South Korea? Students of democratization have overlooked these questions in their study of civil society as a vehicle of democratization and counterweight to the repressive state or the totalizing market (Silliman and Noble 1998; White 1996; Koo 1993; Cohen and Arato 1992; Gold 1990; Keane 1988). Recent criticisms of the celebration of civil society as the third path to societal democratization point out that such analyses tend to lapse into abstract discussions of relations between the state and civil society, devoid of a specific historical or social context (Fine 1997; Tempest 1997; Blaney and Pasha 1993). This absence of context can also lead to an inadequate view of civil society as a uniform and homogeneous space without social inequalities or divisions.
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SVENSSON, BIRGITTA, ÅSA ENEROTH, JOHANNE BRENDEHAUG, GÖRAN MOLIN et ANDERS CHRISTIANSSON. « Involvement of a pasteurizer in the contamination of milk by Bacillus cereus in a commercial dairy plant ». Journal of Dairy Research 67, no 3 (août 2000) : 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900004313.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bacillus cereus is a common contaminant in raw milk. The spores survive pasteurization and psychrotrophic strains of B. cereus often limit the keeping quality of pasteurized milk stored at > 6 °C (Griffiths, 1992). High numbers of B. cereus in pasteurized milk are most frequent when the cows are grazing (Slaghuis et al. 1997), mainly owing to increased levels of spores in raw milk resulting from teat contamination by soil (Christiansson et al. 1999). However, high numbers can also be found in pasteurized milk while the cows are housed indoors, and this is probably caused by additional contamination at the dairy plant (te Giffel et al. 1996; Larsen & Jørgensen, 1997; Lin et al. 1998). There is little information available about the sites of recontamination in the dairy. The use of typing techniques capable of discrimination below the species level, such as fatty acid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic DNA–polymerase chain reaction (RAPD–PCR), could be helpful in demonstrating contamination routes (Lin et al. 1998; Nilsson et al. 1998).Spores of B. cereus are very hydrophobic and readily adhere to surfaces of steel, glass and rubber (Rönner et al. 1990), and short cleaning-in-place programmes do not always eliminate all the spores (Rönner & Husmark, 1992). Spores adhering to surfaces are more difficult to eliminate by disinfectants than spores in solution (te Giffel et al. 1995). Many B. cereus spores germinate rapidly in milk upon heat activation and, if allowed to propagate undisturbed on surfaces, may form biofilms that are extremely difficult to eliminate (Mosteller & Bishop, 1993; Wirtanen et al. 1996; Kumar & Anand, 1998).This paper describes how we demonstrated the involvement of a pasteurizer in the contamination of pasteurized milk by B. cereus in a commercial dairy plant using a combination of classic microbiological analyses and typing of strains by RAPD–PCR.
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Whiting, SD. « Rocky Reefs Provide Foraging Habitat For Dugongs In The Darwin Region Of Northern Australia ». Australian Mammalogy 24, no 1 (2002) : 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02147.
Texte intégralRésumé :
DUGONGS (Dugong dugon) are large mammalian herbivores found in tropical and sub-tropical waters from the east coast of Africa to Vanuatu in the western Pacific Ocean (Rice 1998). Foraging studies throughout their range indicate that their diet is dominated by seagrass (Marsh et al. 1982; Preen 1995; Preen and Marsh 1995; Anderson 1998; Das and Dey 1999). Aerial surveys (Marsh and Saalfeld, 1989; Preen et al. 1997), land-based and boat-based observations (Anderson 1982 1994; Aragones 1994) and satellite tracking data (Marsh and Rathbun 1990) indicate that dugong distribution is closely associated with seagrass beds. Algae is known to occur in food samples from dugongs (Heinsohn and Birch 1972; Marsh et al. 1982; Erftemeijer 1994; Preen 1995) but its presence in the diet has been described as incidental (Marsh et al. 1982) or linked to large-scale losses of seagrass (Spain and Heinsohn 1973; Marsh et al. 1982; Preen and Marsh 1995). This note contains opportunistic observations of long-term feeding by D. dugon on algal covered rocky reefs in the Darwin region of the Northern Territory.
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Schoennagel, Tania, et Monica Turner. « The Effects of Climatically Altered Fire Regimes on Initial Successional Responses in Yellowstone National Park ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 24 (1 janvier 2000) : 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2000.3441.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many scientists predict that due to the quick response of fire regimes to changes in climate (Flannigan et al. 1998; Stocks et al. 1998), the most rapid and extensive effects of climate change will be mediated by altered disturbance regimes (Davis and Botkin 1985; Franklin et al. 1992; Graham et al. 1990; Weber and Flannigan 1997). Under climate scenarios expected for C02 doubling, Price and Rind (1994) predict a 44% increase in lightning-caused fires and a 78% increase in total area burned for the U.S. Although regional climate scenarios are still subject to a fairly high degree of uncertainty, regional predictions for Yellowstone National Park (YNP) estimate an increase in aridity (Balling et al. 1992) and mean July temperatures (Bartlein et al. 1997), suggesting that fire frequencies could significantly increase in YNP over the next century. While several models have simulated the response of western coniferous forests to altered fire regimes (Baker et al. 1991; Gardner et al. 1996; Keane et al. 1990; Keane et al. 1995; Romme and Turner 1991), little empirical work on the successional responses to different intervals of standÂreplacing fire has been incorporated, and remains a critical element in predicting the effects of climatically altered disturbance regimes in forested landscapes. Previous work in Yellowstone has considered the effects of fire severity, fire size and level of serotiny in explaining initial pathways of postfrre succession across the Yellowstone landscape (Turner et al. 1994; Turner et al. 1997). The effects of the third component of the disturbance regime, fire interval, remains largely unexplored, and represents a fundamental link in predicting potential effects of climate change on the Yellowstone landscape. The specific objectives of our research, therefore, were to assess: Are there a significantly different successional responses following different intervals of stand-replacing fire in Yellowstone National Park? Because serotiny exerts a strong influence on initial post-fire succession in Yellowstone (characterized by variation in lodgepole pine densities), we also sought to track stand-level changes in serotiny over time. In order to flesh out a possible mechanism for why postfrre succession may vary depending upon the age at which the stand burns we asked: What is the temporal variation in lodgepole pine serotiny within the park?
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Atanaka-Santos, Marina, Dina Czeresnia, Reinaldo Souza-Santos et Rosely Magalhães Oliveira. « Comportamento epidemiológico da malária no Estado de Mato Grosso, 1980-2003 ». Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 39, no 2 (avril 2006) : 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822006000200011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Descreveu-se a evolução temporal e espacial de malária em Mato Grosso, discriminadas em períodos de 1980-1985; 1986-1991; 1992-1997 e 1998-2003, distribuídas por microrregião homogênea. O índice parasitário anual do estado cresceu até 1992, reduzindo para 1,9 casos/mil habitantes em 2003; o coeficiente de mortalidade e a taxa de letalidade foram maiores nos anos de 1980 a 1989. Das 22 microrregiões, 13 apresentaram IPA inferior a 10 casos/1.000 habitantes em todos os períodos, ocorrendo concentração de casos nas microrregiões de Colíder, Alta Floresta, Aripuanã e Alto Guaporé. Em 2003, apenas a microrregião de Aripuanã persistia com IPA superior a 50 casos/1.000 habitantes. As microrregiões de Colíder, em 1983, 1985 a 1988 e 1990 e Alta Floresta, em 1991, apresentaram óbitos acima de 50/100.000 habitantes, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos. A distribuição da doença por microrregiões evidenciou que a malária é predominantemente focal.
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Alter, Joseph S. « Indian Clubs and Colonialism : Hindu Masculinity and Muscular Christianity ». Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no 3 (juillet 2004) : 497–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417504000258.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Following Edward Said'sOrientalism(1978), there has been considerable interest in studying gender images and engendered practices that emerged out of colonialism, both during the era of colonialism (Cooper and Stoler 1997; R. Lewis 1996; Stoler 1991; 1995; 2002), and subsequently (Altman 2001; Enloe 1993). Many of these studies have shown how colonized women were subject to the gendered and often sexualized gaze of Western men (Carrier 1998; Doy 1996; Grewal 1996; Yegenoglu 1998), and how colonized men were often regarded as either effeminate or “martial” by virtue of their birth into a particular group. Arguably, the latent ambiguity of regarding all colonized men as effete, and yet categorizing some colonized men as strong and aggressively virile, points to one of the many complex contradictions manifest in the cultural politics of colonialism. A similar point could be made with regard to nationalism, wherein women, and the image men want women to present of themselves, reflects masculine ambivalence about modernity (Chatterjee 1993). In any case, even when colonial discourse essentializes the virile masculinity of various subject groups—in particular the so-called martial castes of South Asia (Hopkins 1889; MacMunn 1977)—the putative masculinity of these groups is ascribed to breeding and latent “savagery,” and is rarely, if ever, conceived of as an achieved status, much less something an individual from some other group might achieve on the basis of training or practice.
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Collins, Gail H., Michael T. Hinkes, Andrew R. Aderman et James D. Woolington. « Population growth, movements, and status of the Nushagak Peninsula Caribou Herd following reintroduction, 1988 - 2000 ». Rangifer 23, no 5 (1 avril 2003) : 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.23.5.1695.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus) were reintroduced to the Nushagak Peninsula, Alaska in February of 1988 after an absence of more than 100 years. Since reintroduction, herd growth and population dynamics have been monitored closely. At this time, there has been no significant dispersal from the herds' core range. The Nushagak Peninsula Caribou Herd (NPCH) grew rapidly from 146 reintroduced individuals to over 1000 in 13 years. Dramatic mean annual growth during the first 6 years (1988-1994) of 38% (r = 0.32) can be attributed to the high percentage of females in the initial reintroduction, high calf production and survival, exceptional range conditions, few predators, and no hunting. However, the populations' exceptional growth (peak counts of 1400) slowed and stabilized between 1996¬1998 and then decreased between 1998 and 2000. Size, body condition and weights of calves captured in 2000 were significantly lower than those captured in 1995 and 1997. Although calf production also decreased from close to 100% (1990-1995) to about 91% (1996-2000), overall calf survival continued to be high. Legal harvest began in 1995, and harvest reports have accounted for approximately 3% of population mortality annually. Although brown bears (Ursus arctos) and wolves (Canis lupus) are present, the extent of predation is unknown. Mean home range of the NPCH was 674 km2 and group sizes were greatest during post-calving aggregation in July (mean = 127). Caribou population density on the Nushagak Peninsula reached approximately 1.2 caribou/km2 in 1997 before declining to about 1.0 caribou/km2. A range survey in 1994 noted only trace utilization of lichens on the Nushagak Peninsula by caribou. A subsequent survey in 1999 found moderate to severe utilization in 46% of plots, suggesting the reintroduced herd was beginning to alter range condition. Between 1997 and 2000, both calf production and condition of 10-month-old calves declined. Calving has also been delayed in recent years. However, we suspect the reduced herd growth can be attributed to increasing hunting pressure and some dispersal of caribou from the Peninsula, not reduced range condition.
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Garcia, Joe. « O FUTURO DAS PRÁTICAS DE INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NA ESCOLA ». Revista Diálogo Educacional 12, no 35 (7 juillet 2012) : 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/dialogo.educ.5908.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este artigo apresenta um estudo analítico sobre possíveis direções futuras das práticas de interdisciplinaridade na escola, no contexto da Educação Básica. Para essa finalidade, exploramos um conjunto de proposições conceituais encontradas nos textos de alguns dos principais teóricos da interdisciplinaridade na atualidade, tais como Gusdorf (1977), Lenoir (1997), Fazenda (1998, 1994) e Klein (2010), bem como analisamos as práticas de interdisciplinaridade descritas por Katz e Chard (1989), Klein (1990, 1998), Beane (1997), Fazenda (1991) e Lenoir (2006). Para o desenvolvimento metodológico do estudo proposto, utilizamos uma forma de análise conceitual baseada em uma abordagem proposta de Coombs e Daniels (1991). Essa forma de análise derivativa permite distinguir, com base em uma leitura interpretativa de textos teóricos ou descrições de práticas pedagógicas, proposições e representações articuladas a um determinado elemento conceitual - neste caso a noção de interdisciplinaridade. Entre as considerações finais do artigo, destacamos o papel dos conceitos de integração e de transdisciplinaridade, como fontes de proposições para pensar possíveis direções futuras das práticas de interdisciplinaridade na escola.
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Hernáez Lerena, María Jesús. « Narrative Genres and the Administration of Consciousness : The Case of Daisy Goodwill's Rebellion ». Journal of English Studies 5 (29 mai 2008) : 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.126.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Stone Diaries (1993), a novel by Carol Shields, examines the strategies characters use to render their selves accountable: they turn life into an ensemble made up of historical, scientific, novelistic or biographical discourse. In contrast, Daisy Goodwill, who is the subject-matter of this fictional autobiography, remains close to the epistemology of the short story, whose potential has been described by critics as a challenge to knowledge or synthesis (Cortázar 1973; Bayley 1988; Leitch 1989, May 1994; Trussler 1996). There seems to be agreement that the only condition of coherence necessary for the short story is a pointing to the evasion of meaning in life, also that the genre allies itself to the way in which the past is attached to our memory (Kosinski 1978; Hallet 1998; Lohafer 1998; Wolff 2000). This essay will analyze the implications of its protagonist’s stance with a view to pinning down some of the ideological grounds of the novel and of the short story in their approach to the question of identity.