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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Oligopolies – European Economic Community countries »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Oligopolies – European Economic Community countries"

Deng, Haoran, Tzuhan Lin, Zihao Ma, and Yixi Wang. "The impact of European Monetary Union on different countries within the EU." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 2 (November 6, 2022): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v2i.2371.

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The decision on the establishment of economic and Monetary Union will be regarded as a major event in the economic history of Europe. A stable European monetary structure will affect the future not only of the Member States of the Community, but also of the whole world. It is likely to serve as a guidepost for the economic policies of future members of the European Community, such as Austria, Sweden and Finland, as well as the emerging market economies of Central and Eastern Europe. These countries are looking forward to closer links with the European Community. Monetary union would also provi

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Kondonassis, A. J. "The European Economic Community: Thirty Years Later." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 6, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v6i1.6312.

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The European Economic Community has been in operation for about 30 years. During this period an increased economic cooperation has been attained but the goal of a truly integrated Europe has remained elusive. The Single European Act, which was ratified in 1987, represents a recommitment to an integrated Europe by 1992. It is premised on a number of changes and reforms. Above all the effectiveness of the new effort will depend on the achievement of social cohesion and supranationalism among the EEC countries.

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Alfiyah, Nur Inna, and Very Andrianingsih. "DAMPAK KRISIS EKONOMI YUNANI TERHADAP EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (EEC)." PERFORMANCE: Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi 11, no. 1 (2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/feb.v11i1.1318.

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Globalization is a phenomenon that cannot be separated from human life, where all international structures and orders change. Easy access to information, technology and the exchange of goods, services and ideology make globalization a very important part. Changing the structure and economic, political and social order at this time requires existing countries to adapt to all changes brought about by globalization. The birth of non-state actors in globalization then brought about its own changes, especially in the economic field. This study aims to explain how the impact of the Greek economic cr

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Gylka, K. "Prospects for European Integration of the Republic of Moldova and the Constitutional Component." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 10, no. 2 (2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2021-10-2-84-89.

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The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 European countries. The population is 508 million people, 24 official and working languages and about 150 regional and minority languages. The origins of the European Union come from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), consisting of six states in 1951 - Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These countries came together to put an end to the wars that devastated the European continent, and they agreed to share control over the natural resources needed f

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Babic, Blagoje. "Economic relations between Slavic countries." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 128 (2009): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0928007b.

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Economic relations between Slavic countries are a taboo topic. This is a reflection of divisions in Europe, which have also been transmitted to the Slavic world. Although the aspiration for Slav unification has existed for centuries, Slavic peoples have been a part of a single community only once - and even then not of their own choice - in the Eastern Block, which emerged from the division of Europe after the Second World War. The decomposition of the Eastern Bloc was followed by the decomposition of the Slavic world as well, which became more disunited than ever before. Changes that have bee

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Adriaenssens, Niels, Robin Bruyndonckx, Ann Versporten, et al. "Consumption of quinolones in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (2021): ii37—ii44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab176.

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Abstract Objectives Data on quinolone consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of main subgroups of quinolones. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of quinolones, i.e. ATC group J01M, in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in pa

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Mishchenko, M. I. "Organizational-economic principles of reforming of the railway transportation." Science and Transport Progress, no. 42 (December 25, 2012): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2012/9420.

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Results of vertical division of railways of the countries of the European community are investigated. The received effects and factors which influence increase of competitiveness and efficiency of activity of a railway transportation with the account of the current legislation of the European community are analyzed.

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Versporten, Ann, Robin Bruyndonckx, Niels Adriaenssens, et al. "Consumption of cephalosporins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (2021): ii22—ii29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab174.

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Abstract Objectives Data on cephalosporin consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/EEA countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main subgroups of cephalosporins. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of cephalosporins (i.e. first-, second-, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins; ATC subgroups J01DB, J01DC, J01DD and J01DE, respectively) in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodolo

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Bruyndonckx, Robin, Niels Adriaenssens, Niel Hens, et al. "Consumption of penicillins in the community, European Union/European Economic Area, 1997–2017." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, Supplement_2 (2021): ii14—ii21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab173.

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Abstract Objectives Data on consumption of penicillins in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in the composition of the main subgroups of penicillins. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of penicillins, i.e. β-lactam antibacterials, penicillins (ATC group J01C), in the community aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed

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Babiarz, Stefan. "Unification of gift and inheritance taxes and the protection of taxpayers – the inheritors and recipients of donations." Nieruchomości@ IV, no. IV (2021): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5417.

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Gift and inheritance tax in the European Union Member States is calculated and charged in numerous ways. In the majority of countries of the European Economic Community it constitutes a separate tax. In several countries it is not charged at all or is part of the income tax. Despite the attempts made by the European Commission to unify the legislation of the Member States in this regard, there has been no success. The article presents the above-mentioned attempts of the European Commission, their results and consequences. It identifies the methods of avoiding a double or even triple taxation o

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Thèses sur le sujet "Oligopolies – European Economic Community countries"

Field, Heather. "Consequences of concentration on the CAP for European integration." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123114.

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This sub-thesis deals with the concentration of the European Community (EC) on the Common Agricultural Policy or CAP as its main policy to date, and the consequences of this for the process of integration. This process of integration is considered to be both economic and political, with both the economic welfare and the influence in international affairs of the integrated whole, the European Community, being greater than the sum of these from the individual parts, in this case the member states.

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Marinova, Yona Georgieva. "Bifurcation of parallel trade in the European Community." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25821.

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This thesis examines the regulation of parallel imports of trade marked goods in the European Community (EC), demonstrates its deficiencies and advocates its amendment by the Community legislator. The thesis identifies as a primary characteristic of the regulation the bifurcation of intra-EC and extra-EC parallel importation, that is to say, the fundamental divergence of the regimes of parallel imports coming from another EC Member State and imports coming from third countries. The split as to the rationale, justification and outcome of the two regimes is so substantial that it is viewed as t

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Li, Kwan-leung, and 李君樑. "The European currency crisis: a replay of strains on bretton woods system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954522.

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Marinova, Yona Georgieva. "Bufurcation [sic] of parallel trade in the European Community /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted access until May 22, 2014, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25821.

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Cross, Peter John. "Negotiating a comprehensive long-term relationship between South Africa and the European Union: from free trade to trade and development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002978.

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On 10 May 1994 the European Union offeredSouth Africa a package of measures to ... send a strong political signal to the incoming govemment and to the South African population, thus proving its firm determination to support the transition towards democracy and its willingness to contribute to the reconstruction and economic development of South Africa after the elections. This package consisted of two parts: 1. A series of short term implementations to take place with immediate effect to help South Africa's development and transition, and 2. An offer to negotiate a comprehensive long-term rela

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LEAL, ARCAS Rafael. "Theory and practice of EC external trade law and policy." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13171.

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Defence date: 11 March 2008<br>Examining board: Prof. Bruno De Witte, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Prof. Francesca Martines, Faculty of Economics, University of Pisa ; Prof. Petros C. Mavroidis, Columbia Law School, NY and University of Neuchâtel ; Prof. Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, European University Institute<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses<br>Both the European Community (EC) and its Member States agree that it is in their best interest to coordinate their action vis-à-vis the rest of the world in international trade agreements. Theor

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Ward, Stuart. "Discordant communities : Australia, Britain and the EEC, 1956-1963." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27667.

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This work is concerned with the demise of ‘British race patriotism’ in Australian political culture in the late 19505 and early 1960s. The organic ideal of British racial community was a founding ideological pillar of Australian nationality for much of this century, yet the declining relevance of these ideas, and the emergence of a more limited, exclusive conception of Australian ‘community’ has not been adequately addressed in the existing historical literature. In many respects, the waning appeal of ‘Britishness’ in Australia was a gradual and piecemeal process, but at the level of Australi

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Kouba, Cox Martina. "The approximation of EC law in the Czech Republic : transposiiton or transformation?" Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78217.

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This thesis examines the process of approximating EC law that the Czech Republic has undertaken both under the Europe Agreement and in order to fulfill one of the conditions for membership in the European Union. The thesis aims to determine whether the transposition of EC legislation has been undertaken with a view to effective implementation of the acquis communautaire and to assess what implications this process will have for the Czech Republic. To this end, three areas of law which are subject to approximation are examined, namely competition law, environmental law and company law. A

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Ifestos, Panayiotis J. "Some aspects of external relations and foreign policy of the European Community: European political cooperation and defense / security issues." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213536.

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Doutrelepont, Carine. "Incidence du droit communautaire sur l'évolution du droit d'auteur: perspectives de rapprochement des législations nationales? analyse à travers certaines composantes du droit d'auteur :étude de droit comparé et de droit européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212993.

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Livres sur le sujet "Oligopolies – European Economic Community countries"

Cuthbert, Mike. European Community law. Cavendish Publishing, 1993.

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Francis, Snyder, ed. European Community law. New York University Press, 1993.

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Canada, Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities for. The European Community and Canada. Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities, 1989.

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R, Grilli Enzo. The European community and the developing countries. Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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R, Grilli Enzo. The European Community and the developing countries. CUP, 1993.

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McQueen, Matthew. European Community trade policies towards the developing countries: Asurvey. University of Reading.Department of Economics, 1992.

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M, El-Agraa A., ed. The Economics of the European Community. 4th ed. Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994.

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Unit, Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General for Development Information. European Community support for the private sector in ACP countries. Office for Offical Publications of the European Communities, 1997.

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McQueen, Matthew. European community trade policies towards the developing countries: A survey. University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1992.

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Frans, Sommers, and Kurz Rudi, eds. European economies: A comparative study. Pitman, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Oligopolies – European Economic Community countries"

Richards, E. G. "The European Economic Community (Nine Countries)." In Forestry and the Forest Industries: Past and Future. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3669-0_3.

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Pomfret, Richard. "Economic Relations between the European Community and Mediterranean Countries." In Mediterranean Policy of the European Community. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07978-0_2.

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Bisignano, Joseph. "Banking in the European Economic Community: Structure, Competition, and Public Policy." In Banking Structures in Major Countries. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2946-6_4.

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Kula, Erhun. "Forestry in Some Selected Western Countries and the European Economic Community." In The Economics of Forestry. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6078-0_2.

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Martenczuk, Bernd. "Cooperation with Developing and Other Third Countries: Elements of a Community Foreign Policy." In External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy in the European Union. Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6156-2_12.

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Genosko, Joachim. "2.1 Structural and Regional Differences in Economic Development in the Countries of the European Community." In Innovation and Regional Development, edited by Hans-Jürgen Ewers and Jürgen Allesch. De Gruyter, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110853506-007.

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Fontana, Olimpia. "Tra solidarietà europea e responsabilità nazionali: la tutela dei beni pubblici europei." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-591-2.09.

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The theme of solidarity between European Union (EU) member states lies at the heart of the European integration process itself, in the context of an ongoing tension between the renunciation of national sovereignty, driven by a drive for cooperation, and the maintenance of prerogatives of strategic interest to states. In fact, the EU was born from the decision of its members to pool selected aspects of their sovereignty, in a process whose evolution is expressed both in the choice of community policies and in the availability and methods of financing those policies. These are two sides of the s

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Albuquerque, Paula C., and Elsa Fontainha. "Social Exclusion in Later Life, Evidence from the European Social Survey." In Older Workers and Labour Market Exclusion Processes. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11272-0_11.

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AbstractSocial Exclusion (SE) is a multidimensional concept, broader than just poverty or economic exclusion, that aims at expressing to what extent people have the opportunity to participate in society.We analyse how SE evolved for a certain birth cohort (respondents born between 1945 and 1953) along time, to gain a life-course perspective, and for the same age group in two different periods, to study how the situation of individuals in later life stages has changed from one period to the other. Our paper explores the recently updated data from the European Social Survey (ESS, Round 9 – 2018)

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Haupt, Patrycja, Mariusz Twardowski, Luca Maria Francesco Fabris, et al. "Transformations of Public Spaces - Sustainable and Ethical Approach to Architectural and Urban Design Using Mixed Cultural Background." In Springer Series in Design and Innovation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71959-2_14.

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AbstractTransformations of public spaces are an integral part of city life. These processes although addressing site specific problems are universal for the urban centres across European countries struggling with deurbanization, social exclusion, massive tourism, climate change and pollution. The study is based upon the outcomes of the series of international workshop showing the approach to public space in different location. The aim of research is to show what problems addressed during the design workshop had a universal dimension and which ones were more site specific, addressing the needs

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Mohammed, Ryan S., and Lanya Fanovich. "Biodiversity in the Caribbean from 1950 to the Present." In Biodiversity - Handbook of the Anthropocene in Latin America II. Bielefeld University Press / transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839470121-021.

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The Caribbean is regarded as a biodiversity hotspot, with high levels of endemism in some northern regions and mainland species in some southern countries. The region's biodiversity has been documented since well before the 1950s, but knowledge transfer and sharing have been chronic challenges. First, much of the documentation was done by people who were not from the Caribbean, therefore the information was taken with them when they returned to their home countries. Second, because several European countries claimed various Caribbean islands as overseas territories, data across islands was not

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Oligopolies – European Economic Community countries"

Mardache, Andreea �. Claudia, and Maria Catalina Ruptasu. "MIGRATION OF ROMANIANS TO DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. REASONS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s07/44.

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With the fall of the communist regime and Romania�s accession to the European Union, international migration of Romanians has increased. Romania is one of the countries with the most intense migration from Eastern Europe to Western Europe, significantly impacting both the Romanian society and destination countries. Although this social phenomenon has been studied from various perspectives, the present research aims to examine in depth the lives and experiences of those who have chosen to emigrate: the reasons for their decision to relocate, their perceptions of the host country, and of the cou

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Öngel, Volkan. "An Alternative Foreign Trade Market for Turkey: The Eurasian Economic Community." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00222.

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The Eurasian Economic Community (EEC) is an international organization that has been created by five Commonwealth of İndependent States countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan) on October 10th,2000. The object of this organization was promote the creation of a customs union and the common economic space. After ten years in 2010, three countries (Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan) made a custom union agreement as a second step. And the target is to establish a common economic space by 1 January 2012, a single market for goods, investment and labor. This custom union creat

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Gilca, Constantin. "Перспективы евроинтеграции Республики Молдова и конституционная составляющая". У International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2023.17.25.

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The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 European countries. The population is 508 million people, 24 official and working languages апd about 150 regional and minority languages. The origins of the European Union come from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), consisting of six states in 1951 - Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These countries came together to put an end to the wars that devastated the European continent, and they agreed to share control over the natural resources needed f

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İncekara, Ahmet, and Burcu Kılınç Savrul. "Regional Development Policies of the European Union: An Evaluation in the Framework of Structural Funds and Other Financial Instruments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00307.

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Regional policy of the European Union (EU) is implemented in order to improve welfare and quality of life in specific regions of EU member countries, minimize inter-regional income differences and restructure less developed industrial areas. regions of the EU countries has urban and regional development differences in themselves. Regional policies have gained importance in the process of EU enlargement. Increases regional disparities has been observed to occur with the first expansion. Although the tools that the Community could use for regional inequality were initially limited, they began to

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Diril, Funda. "Comparison of Fiscal Reforms in Some South and East European Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01014.

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The aim of this paper is to compare fiscal reforms of some of the transition economies in Balkans including The Republic of Macedonia. Since 1990’s former planned economies, which are in the process of economic transformation into market economy have carried out several reforms. During this economic transformation process both the effects and the results of these reforms vary according to the difference between the needs of structural change in each country. In this study, some of the selected transition economies in Balkans are analyzed: Some of the recent members of European Community in Bal

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Saharnean, Liliana. "The innovational image: the national methodology for researching the innovative activity of enterprises." In International Scientific Conference “30 Years of Economic Reforms in the Republic of Moldova: Economic Progress via Innovation and Competitiveness”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975155618.33.

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Given that the implementation of innovations, regardless of their type, has become a determining factor of economic growth, and the priorities of enterprises have been fully manifested in economic activities, their development through innovation has become an imperative of time. According to the requirements of the European Commission, the indicators related to innovation are a key element in monitoring the economic development objectives of the Republic of Moldova. The implementation of statistical research on innovation is an important element in aligning the Republic of Moldova with the EU

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Proskina, Liga, Abduaziz Abduvasikov, Firuza Galimova, and Daniela Proskina. "The concept of bio-regions and its relevance in achieving green goals." In 25th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2024”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2024.58.023.

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Various initiatives worldwide promote sustainable, locally-based food systems and rural development, including Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), Farmers Markets, Food Hubs, Slow Food Movement, Regenerative Agriculture, and Agroecology Networks. These approaches often address specific challenges within narrower contexts. The concept of bio-regions offers a holistic approach to sustainable development, integrating ecological, social, economic, and cultural dimensions, demonstrating promising socio-economic and environmental impacts, and fostering community engagement and local development.

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WAELBROECK, JEAN, JEAN MARC BURNIAUX, and MONCEF HADHRI. "SOME GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL ESTIMATES OF THE IMPACT OF THE URUGUAY ROUND AND OF THE “1992” PROCESS IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ON THE NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES OF EAST ASIA." In Proceedings of the Economic Development of ROC and the Pacific Rim in the 1990s and Beyond. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440998_0012.

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Moroz, Oleg. "Justification of public administration reform in Ukraine on the way of European integration after the end of the war." In The 5th Economic International Conference “Competitiveness and sustainable development“. Technical University of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2023.03.

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The purpose of the publication is to determine the ways and components of the process of ensuring effective and efficient reform of the state administration of Ukraine as a whole and its administrative-territorial system, in particular, on the way to European integration of the country after the end of military operations on its territory. The relevance of the study is determined, on the one hand, by the desire of the people of Ukraine for its entry into the community of European countries, and, on the other hand, by the need for a certain reform of state management in accordance with the cond

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Gündoğdu Odabaşıoğlu, Fatma. "An Assessment on Financial Markets: European Union Member Country Hungary and Candidate Country Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01700.

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With the end of cold war, Central and Eastern European countries who had not participated in the integration of Europe, have applied to become members of European Union. Hungary, a Central European country; applied for membership on December 16, 1991, started full membership negotiations in 1998 and joined the Union on May 1, 2004. Turkey on the other hand, was granted candidacy status during Helsinki European Council Summit Meeting of December 1999, after a 40 years long relationship that started with Turkey’s application to join European Economic Community on July 31, 1959. Negotiations for

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Oligopolies – European Economic Community countries"

Page, Sheila. How to Deepen the Dialogue between the Andean Community and the EU. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011123.

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This paper discusses the European Union trade policy making process and implications for the Andean community. The European Union (EU) divides its agreements with other countries into three types: neighbourhood, trade and development, and is currently classifying the negotiations with the Andean Community as development. The Andean Community must examine how the EU has approached its agreements in the past and what the Andean countries need from an agreement, and decide whether it wants to negotiate on the trade or development models. In the light of this choice, it must then identify the nego

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Hosein, Roger, and Jeetendra Khadan. Trade, Economic and Welfare Impacts of the CARICOM-Canada Free Trade Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011767.

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This paper estimates the trade, revenue, and welfare effects of the proposedCaribbean Community (CARICOM)-Canada free trade agreement (FTA) on CARICOM countries using a partial equilibrium model. The welfare analysis also takes into account the Economic Partnership Agreement, which was signed in 2008 by the CARIFORUM (CARICOM and the Dominican Republic) countries and the European Union. The revealed comparative advantage index, trade complementarity index, and transition probability matrices are used to examine the dynamics of comparative advantage for CARICOM countries' exports to Canada. The

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Kaufmann, Joachim, Peter Kaufmann, Karin Petzlberger, and Harald Wieser. Lightweight construction in Austria. Status quo, trends, and policy options for the Austrian and European light-weight community, with a focus on mobility. BMK - Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.639.

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Lightweight construction, as a set of cross-sectional technologies, has the potential to contribute to several challenges, which are prevalent now and in the near future. Starting from the mobility sector, which has traditionally been a key driver for innovation for lightweighting, it has the potential to contribute to resource and energy efficiency in a broad set of sectors and locations as long as it does not contradict, i.e., complies with the principles of a circular economy. This study investigates lightweight construction in Austria. For that purpose, we identify relevant actors in Austr

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Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex

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