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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Opposition (alterity) »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 15 mars 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Opposition (alterity)"

Voldrichová Beránková, Eva. « Identité et altčrilč dans le roman québécois ». Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 35 (2 décembre 2017) : 103–11. https://doi.org/10.14746/strop.2008.35.008.

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As a « relational concept », alterity can only be defined in opposition to what sociologists call a « referential group », an entity which dictates political, religious or cultural norms in a concrete society. Our article will first explain the difference between simple « diversity » and real « alterity », which is perceived as a potential source of threat by the majority society. Using concrete figures from 19th and 20th century Quebec novels, we will illustrate various types of alterity and the general evolution of Canadian mentality in relation to various minorities.

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Watkin, Christopher. « A Different Alterity : Jean-Luc Nancy's ‘Singular Plural’ ». Paragraph 30, n^o 2 (juillet 2007) : 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/prg.2007.0026.

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Under the influence of Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida, the theme of absolute alterity still dominates the thinking of the ethical in Continental philosophy. This article examines an alternative ethical démarche, Jean-Luc Nancy's ‘singular plurality’, which refuses to start with the opposition of same and other, arguing instead for a primacy of relation, the ‘in-common’ and the ‘with’. The article first distinguishes Nancy's ‘singular plural’ from other recent attempts to disengage ethical thinking from the Levinasian framework, before showing how Nancy proceeds otherwise than in terms of sameness and alterity while still maintaining an ethical impetus. Foregrounding what is politically and philosophically at stake in the difference between Nancy and the Levinasian/Derridean model, the article concludes by considering how Nancy can be defended against critics who mistakenly argue that he discounts alterity.

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Kislyakova, Evgenia, Sergey Grinev-Grinevich, Elvira Sorokina et Sanya Madzhaeva. « Communicative Category of Alterity : Linguocultural and Linguoecological Properties ». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, n^o 1 (avril 2023) : 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2023.1.12.

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The aim of the article is to give an in-depth insight into alterity as a communication category in the cognitive and discursive aspects. Being an indispensable part of communication and cognition, the category has its own meaning presenting the communicative interaction within the frame "I – the Other". The category of alterity has its own set of category properties, which are specified uniquely in different languages. Alterity as a linguistic category may express an outlook on the reality (similar, i.e. familiar, devoid of risk: other, different, vague, evidently evoking fear or curiosity). In the Russian language, it is linked to the emotional clusters of curiosity, fear, suspense, whereas in the English language it is associated with curiosity, admiration, surprise and novice. Alterity is characterized similarly in English and Russian through maintaining such features as dissimilarity, variety, multifariousness, belonging to different classes/groups, distinct opposition. As well as common features, alterity manifests culturally specific meanings in English (being eccentric, revolutionary, new, fresh) and Russian (being funny and incongruous). The article includes a description of the linguistic means and communicative strategies and tactics, with the help of which the category of alterity is realized in fiction. The category content is variable in the discourse and it serves ground for the ecological and non-ecological mode of communication.

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Cook, Daniel. « The More-Than-Human Other of Levinas’s Totality & ; Infinity ». Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 30, n^o 1 (10 novembre 2022) : 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2022.1008.

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Emmanuel Levinas’s writings militate against an ontological way of thinking that he claims dominates the history of European philosophy. In their drive towards truth and knowledge, Levinas argues that thinkers like Kant, Hegel, and Heidegger efface the alterity of the Other, the Other’s “otherness,” by appropriating alterity as a moment of self-consciousness or Being. This ontological thinking, Levinas argues, attempts to violently reduce the unthematizable excess of the Other by systematically assimilating the Other in the concepts of totalizing thought. Levinas articulates his opposition to this tradition at length in Totality & Infinity by insisting upon an irreducible heteronomy: an Other who remains radically outside of any relationship that I might have with them.

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Gheorghita, Ana. « Aspects of the Conflict between Identity and Otherness in the Novel “Madame Bovary” by Gustave Flaubert ». Intertext, n^o 2(60) (juin 2023) : 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.54481/intertext.2022.2.10.

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Bovarism represents the essential side of the conflict between identity and alterity reflected in the novel Madame Bovary. The concepts of identity and alterity are in a relationship of opposition, identity denoting the fact of being an individual different from everyone else and, at the same time, of remaining the same over time, and alterity being the fact of conceiving one’s own personality as different of how it is in reality, in other words, to consider oneself a different person. The applicability of these concepts to the novel Madame Bovary is visible, if we start from the definition formulated by the French philosopher and essayist Jules de Gaultier (1858-1942), according to which Bovarism represents the faculty acquired by a person to conceive oneself in a different way than in reality, without taking into account the various external events and circumstances that could determine in each individual this inner transformation. According to Gaultier’s theory, when we talk about the conflict between identity and alterity, we refer to a real disease of thought, of soul, of personality, which consists in knowing the image of reality before knowing the actual reality. The prototype of such an approach is embodied by Emma Bovary, dominated by the cleavage between real being and imaginary being. At the base of the conflict between identity and alterity manifested in the form of Bovarism, several main aspects can be delimited which are also this phenomenon causes.

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Ilter, Tugrul. « The Otherness of Cyberspace, Virtual Reality, and Hypertext Vis-À-Vis "The Traditional" ». Open House International 32, n^o 1 (1 mars 2007) : 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2007-b0009.

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This article engages with the question of the otherness of cyberspace, VR, and hypertext, and how they are distinguished as "new" from "the traditional." It begins by noting how this "new" present is distinguished by familiar binary oppositions like now vs. past and modern vs. traditional which rely on the notion of a new that is uncontaminated by the old. Both our enthusiasm for the singularly liberating nature of this new future as cybertechnophiles, and our Luddite resistance to its singularly fascistic and panoptic encirclement are similarly informed by this binary opposition. The paper then notes how the other in this opposition is a "domestic other." Thus we always-already know what the other is all about. Arguing that if the other were radically other and not "domesticated," one could not give an account of it in this way, the paper concludes that such alterity requires a rethinking of how one knows the other. The difference between this "wild" other and the "domestic" other is not an external difference but is radical; it is at the root. Therefore, our notions of space, reality, and text need to be complicated and rethought to accommodate what they seem to oppose: cyberspace, virtual reality, and hypertext.

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İlter, Tuğrul. « The Otherness of Cyberspace, Virtual Reality, and Hypertext vis-a-vis “The Traditional” ». Open House International 31, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2006) : 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2006-b0013.

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This article engages with the question of the otherness of cyberspace, VR, and hypertext, and how they are distinguished as “new” from “the traditional.” It begins by noting how this “new” present is distinguished by familiar binary oppositions like now vs. past and modern vs. traditional which rely on the notion of a new that is uncontaminated by the old. Both our enthusiasm for the singularly liberating nature of this new future as cybertechnophiles, and our Luddite resistance to its singularly fascistic and panoptic encirclement are similarly informed by this binary opposition. The paper then notes how the other in this opposition is a “domestic other.” Thus we always-already know what the other is all about. Arguing that if the other were radically other and not “domesticated,” one could not give an account of it in this way, the paper concludes that such alterity requires a rethinking of how one knows the other. The difference between this “wild” other and the “domestic” other is not an external difference but is radical; it is at the root. Therefore, our notions of space, reality, and text need to be complicated and rethought to accommodate what they seem to oppose: cyberspace, virtual reality, and hypertext.

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Cirino, Roseneide Maria Batista, Gilmar de Carvalho Cruz, Sonia Maria Chaves Haracemiv et Carlos Roberto Caron. « The configuration of the “other” in the context of inclusion ». Concilium 23, n^o 7 (15 mai 2023) : 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1200-23e15.

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This article aims to problematize the place that the “other” occupies in school spaces, considered as inclusive. The objective is to understand the cultural and social conditions that outlined the standardization and, consequently, the exclusion of all forms of difference. This is an exploratory descriptive study with an analysis based on a qualitative approach. Data were collected from interviews with a semi-structured script applied to seven subjects, six from basic education and one from higher education. The field was the Specialized Educational Assistance (SEA) of a Basic Education school and the Nucleus of Inclusive Special Education in higher education. The results indicate that the “other” is seen as an “evil alterity” created from the standardization between normal and abnormal in opposition to human diversity as an expression of concrete alterity

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Munteanu, Bianca Georgiana. « Structures, Techniques, and Strategies of Advertising Discourse ». LiBRI. Linguistic and Literary Broad Research and Innovation 12, n^o 1 (13 février 2025) : 7. https://doi.org/10.70594/libri/12.1/1.

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<span id="docs-internal-guid-c8d35c50-7fff-d41c-5d27-4f176899d3e1"><span>The contemporary advertising discourse represents a highly fertile ground for pragmalinguistic, rhetorical, and stylistic analyses due to its efficient exploitation of persuasion strategies, lexical creativity, verbal/non-verbal opposition, and stylistic contrast. This paper provides an analysis of the advertising phenomenon by referencing three key aspects of language (semanticity, creativity, and alterity), each serving distinct roles. Semanticity is articulated at the idiomatic level and serves as the foundation upon which subsequent pragmatic determination is built. Advertising creativity explores text construction by exploring linguistic resources that engage both the speaker and the recipient’s idiomatic and expressive competence. The third aspect, alterity, guarantees objectivity, as the only existing reality is the one that unfolds within the space of intersubjectivity, where the sign emerges.</span></span>

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Ziarek, Ewa. « At the Limits of Discourse : Heterogeneity, Alterity, and the Maternal Body in Kristeva's Thought. » Hypatia 7, n^o 2 (1992) : 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1992.tb00887.x.

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This essay situates Kristeva's theory of semiotics in the context of the controversial debate about the status of the maternal body in her work. I argue that, if we rethink the opposition between the semiotic and the symbolic as the relation between the trace and the sign, it becomes clear that the maternal semiotic is irreducible either to the prelinguistic plenitude or to the alternative symbolic position. The second part of the essay develops the connection between Kristeva's linguistic theory and the alterity of the maternal body, articulated here as the in-fold of the other and the same.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Opposition (alterity)"

Kholodova, Daria. « Emploi de uže, adverbe de temps et particule russe. Essai d'approche énonciative ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, INALCO, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024INAL0017.

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Consacrée à l’emploi de uže, la thèse vise à décrire le fonctionnement de cette unité polycatégorielle définie dans les ouvrages lexicographiques comme adverbe de temps et comme particule de renforcement. En tant qu’adverbe, uže assure le repérage du terme ou du contenu qu’il commente par rapport à un point sur l’axe spatio-temporel ; en tant que particule, il rend saillant le contenu de sa portée par rapport à une portée concurrente ou susceptible de l’être. Ces deux fonctions, celle de repérage et celle de focalisation sur un contenu, sont complémentaires et trouvent leurs origines dans l’étymologie. L’étude cherche à formaliser le mode opératoire de uže pour démontrer qu’indépendamment de son statut d’adverbe ou de particule, le fonctionnement de ce mot obéit aux principes de régularité qui déterminent la riche variation sémantique des contextes dans lesquels il est employé. L’analyse proposée s’appuie à la fois sur l’étude de données formelles (l’étymologie de uže, la position de uže dans la proposition, ainsi que la prosodie de celle-ci) et énonciatives (localisation et identité des instances énonciatives, leurs points de vue respectifs sur le contenu de la proposition, existence de valeurs préconstruites ou présupposées). La démarche adoptée permet de constater que uže intervient invariablement dans l’expression de l’avis subjectif du locuteur qui s’oppose à un autre avis concurrent porté sur la même situation. Quelle que soit la nature de l’altérité mise en place par uže (temporelle, existentielle ou bien appréciative), sa construction atteste de la vocation discursive de cette unité de langue qu’on propose d’envisager comme un marqueur discursif
Devoted to uže, the present thesis aims to describe the functioning of this poly-categorical unit, defined in dictionaries both as a time adverb and as an intensifying particle. As an adverb, uže locates the term or the content it comments on in relation to a point on the spatio-temporal axis; whereas, as a particle, it makes salient the content within its scope and opposes it to some other content perceived as competing or potentially so. These two functions – location and focalization – are complementary and find their origins in etymology. The study seeks to formalize the operating mode of uže, demonstrating that, regardless of its classification as an adverb or a particle, its functioning obeys regular principles that account for the wide semantic variation of the contexts in which it is employed. The analysis is based on both formal (etymology, the position of uže within a sentence, as well as the sentence prosody) and enunciative data (enunciative positions at play, corresponding viewpoints on propositional content, presence of preconstructed or presupposed information). This approach shows that uže invariably contributes to the expression of the speaker’s subjective opinion, contrasting it with another, competing, viewpoint in relation to the given situation. Whether the opposition expressed by uže is temporal, existential, or evaluative, its mere construction attests to the discursive nature of this linguistic unit, thereby supporting its classification as a discursive marker

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Ziegler, Barbara. « Die sprachliche Konzeptualisierung des Eigenen und des Fremden in den aktuellen Parteiprogrammen der SPD und der CDU : Eine linguistische Untersuchung ». Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Department of Baltic Languages, Finnish and German, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26262.

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The present essay examines the linguisitc conceptualisation of otherness in the present party platforms of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD, Social Democratic Party of Germany) and the Christliche Demokratische Union Deutschlands (CDU, Christian Democratic Union of Germany). The language and the textual structure of their party platforms is analysed, its function described and compared with each other by using representative text excerpts. The theoretical background of this study is grounded in cultural studies. The methodological framework consists of a combination of critical discourse analysis and textual analysis. Criterias of the linguistic analysis are: coherence (including implicit meanings, propositions and presuppositions), modality, thematic roles, deixis and pronouns and keywords.

The study shows that the Other is cleary conceptualized by using binary oppositions whereas those who are reperesented by we can not always be clearly identified. By using both objective and subjective modality authority and legitimacy are linguistically constructed by those who represent we. The analysis shows that stipulations and issues are mentioned which are supposed to be abided by the Others without being justified by those who represent we. Consequently the Other is excluded. Analysing both party platforms shows that the Other is subcategorized, too. Myths about the Others are confirmed by representing a stereotypical image of the Other through language. However there are differences in the linguistic conceptualization of alterity. The representatives of CDU speak out more explicitly on specific issues concerning the Other than representatives of SPD do. Consequently SPD’s statements concerning the Other are more implicit.

The study shows that meaning is created by language and that myths of the Other are reproduced in political discourse.

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Livres sur le sujet "Opposition (alterity)"

Stanghellini, Giovanni. A closer look into alterity : eccentricity. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0008.

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This chapter argues that at the heart of alterity lies a double paradox. First, alterity speaks of eccentricity, of the non-coincidence of the Self with itself. Most of the philosophical anthropologies of the last hundred years emphasize that the phenomenon of eccentricity is indigenous to human existence, and characterize Man as an eccentric being. Fundamental to the understanding of human subjectivity is clarifying the ways self-awareness is structured as an experience inextricably entangled with an experience of a basic otherness. To be a human being is to be in juxtaposition with, and sometimes to feel in opposition to, a set of given involuntary dispositions in front of which we need to voluntarily take a position.

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Kucinskas, Jaime. Making Mindfulness Appealing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881818.003.0005.

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This chapter traces the process through which contemplatives transformed Buddhist meditation into many contemplative subcultures to resonate with specific professional audiences in science, business, education, and the military. Contemplatives translated meditation into local vernacular languages, eliminated religious elements unlikely to resonate with targeted audiences, and adapted traditional religious goals of meditation to align with institutional aims. These translation processes created a variegated contemplative culture that was selectively coupled to match certain institutional structures and norms, while decoupled from other aspects of the institutional status quo in an effort to promote individual growth and broader change. The various forms of contemplative culture made the movement appealing to many audiences. While the wide variety of forms helped contemplative practice to spread widely and forestalled opposition from outsiders, the wide variety of forms also had shortcomings. Contemplative leaders lack of regulation over the dynamic processes altering their Buddhist-inspired practices, led to some cultural forms that failed to support their initial purposes and goals.

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Cynthia, Roberts, Leslie Armijo et Saori Katada. BRICS Collective Financial Statecraft. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697518.003.0003.

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This chapter examines four ideal types of collective financial statecraft of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in four case studies occurring between 2007 and mid-2016. The first type is inside reforms of existing institutions, illustrated by the BRICS’ attempt to gain greater influence within the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. A second type is inside reforms of markets, defined as resisting or reallocating the political power accruing to states that possess currency and financial market power. The associated case profiles the BRICS’ opposition to sanctions against Russia over its intervention in Ukraine. A third type of BRICS collective action occurs via the outside option to create new parallel institutions such as the New Development Bank (NDB) and Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA). Finally, a fourth type combines the choice of an outside option with a market-based venue. The chapter examines BRICS support of greater internationalization of China’s currency, rivaling the U.S. dollar and thus altering international financial markets. The BRICS have cooperated successfully in most of their attempts.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Opposition (alterity)"

Robb, Megan Eaton. « Viewing the Map of Europe through the Lens of Islam ». Dans Print and the Urdu Public, 126–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089375.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses how Madīnah newspaper saw its relationship to the global political context and how it counseled Muslims to understand and act in the world in the early twentieth century. In the case of Bijnor, the alterity of the qasbah enabled a key transition from promoting League–Congress cooperation to justifying cooperation with Hindus, opposition to the Muslim League, and suspicion of the Westernized city, all in Islamic terms. At the same time, it argues that this particular qasbah timescape was not only oriented primarily around the issue of affiliation or alliance with specific national parties, but also significantly on a particular relationship to the past.

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LaZella, Andrew. « Ultimate Difference ». Dans The Singular Voice of Being, 61–90. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284573.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 offers a systematic treatment of ultimate differences and provides a list of their functional characteristics. The first section sets up the Aristotelian background of the term against which Scotus’s deepening and broadening can emerge. This is followed in the second section by an explanation and defense of the characteristics associated with ultimate difference. They are: (1) expressed by a simply-simple concept, which (2) contains only a qualitative (but no quidditative) element; (3) primarily diverse from one another and from being; (4) differing in terms of themselves and not on account of something else; (5) extra-categorial/transcendental; and (6) terminative of a quidditative order. The third section explores the extra-categorial status of ultimate differences such that they cannot be located in any category or with anything falling under a category. The fourth section explains their primary diversity and shows why such vague alterity cannot be reduced to opposition, contradiction, or contrariety. A contrast is made to Aquinas, whose identification of being with ipsum esse subsistens reduces diversity to a relative opposition between being and nonbeing in all creatures. The fifth section explains the final feature of ultimate difference: termination of quidditative orders.

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Juárez-Almendros, Encarnación. « The Artifice of Syphilitic and Damaged Female Bodies in Literature ». Dans Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature, 56–82. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the literary depiction of the broken and contaminated corporality of female prostitutes as illustrated in Francisco Delicado’s La Lozana andaluza [Portrait of Lozana: The Lusty Andalusian Woman] (1528), Miguel de Cervantes’s Casamiento engañoso [The Deceitful Marriage] (1613), La tía fingida [The pretended aunt], a novel attributed to Cervantes, and Francisco de Quevedo’s satiric poetry written in the first half of the seventeenth century. These works share a common representation of syphilis as a gendered metaphor of physical and moral decay that functions in opposition both to male embodiment and to the ideal of the integrity of the female body, expressed in the concept of virginity and chastity. Furthermore, they exemplify the development of the syphilitic trope through the century as well as the diverse solutions to taming alterity.

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Harrison, Olivia C. « Excerpts from Abdelkébir Khatibi and Jacques Hassoun, Le Même Livre (Paris : Editions de l’Eclat, 1985) ». Dans Abdelkébir Khatibi, 347–60. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622331.003.0016.

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In 1985, the Moroccan writer Abdelkébir Khatibi and the Egyptian Jewish psychoanalyst Jacques Hassoun published an epistolary book, Le même livre (‘The same book’), excerpts of which are translated here for the first time. Playing on the Arabic notion ahl al-kitab, the people of the Book common to Jews, Christians and Muslims, Le même livre centres round the twin figures of the Semite – the Jew and the Arab – as they have been articulated in theological, political and poetic discourses in order to question, and move beyond, the opposition naturalised in the expression ‘Judeo-Arab conflict’. Previewing the dialogue Khatibi would have with another Francophone Jewish exile, Jacques Derrida, in the 1990s, Le même livre is a deconstruction of identity, be it religious, ethnic, cultural or linguistic. Against sameness, Khatibi and Hassoun offer an ‘exercise in alterity’ written in the pages of The Same Book.

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Lavezzo, Kathy. « Sepulchral Jews and Stony Christians ». Dans The Accommodated Jew. Cornell University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501703157.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the unstable geography of Christian and Jew during the Anglo-Saxon period through an analysis of Bede's Latin exegetical work On the Temple (ca. 729–731) and in Cynewulf's Old English poem Elene. It takes as its starting point how Bede and Cynewulf tackle a material long associated with Jewish materialism, stone, in comparison with Christian materialism and descibes their accounts of the sepulchral Jew as well as the stony nature of Jews. It also considers how Bede and Cynewulf construct Christianity by asserting its alterity and opposition to an idea of Jewish carnality that draws on and modifies Pauline supersession. The chapter concludes with an assessment of how Bede's and Cynewulf's charged engagements with supersession and “Jewish” places contribute both to our understanding of Anglo-Saxon material culture and to the important role that ideas of the Jew played in such materialisms.

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Davis, Amanda Blake. « Emily Brontë’s Shelleyan Poetics of Sexual Ambivalence ». Dans Romantic Women's Writing and Sexual Transgression, 158–73. Edinburgh University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399507622.003.0010.

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This essay affirms Emily Brontë’s status as a late Romantic and reconsiders Brontë’s poetics of sexual transgression, alterity and gender ambiguity. Responsive to scholarship on the underappreciated influence of Percy Bysshe Shelley on Brontë’s poetic identity, and the influence of Epipsychidion and ‘Ode to the West Wind’ in particular, it explores how Brontë’s imaginative engagement with Shelley in unpublished verses and in Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell (1846) builds upon Shelley’s poetic gender ambiguity. Contrary to Anne K. Mellor’s assertion that ‘Brontë’s works conform to a specifically masculine Romanticism’, which she had ‘absorbed from her enthusiastic reading of Percy Shelley’, the sexual ambiguity and ambivalence in Brontë’s poetry can be understood within the context of Romantic perversion explored by Richard C. Sha, where literary depictions of transgressive sexuality become loci of liberation, and where Romantic sexual difference ‘resists the near binary opposition between male and female’. Brontë forges a resistance to binary expressions of gender and sexuality, sharing Shelley’s affinity for non-binary pronouns and gender-fluid characteristics.

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Issacharoff, Samuel. « Caudillos in Command ». Dans Democracy Unmoored, 101–20. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197674758.003.0006.

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Abstract This chapter, seeking entry points to mitigate the threats to democracy posed by populist governance, discusses how elected populists behave in power. The elected autocrats of the last several years typify caudillo command, staking their claim to governance on their charisma and command of the populace and military. One facet of caudillo command is that, rather than altering basic government structures, populist autocrats commit intralegal abuses, wielding legal mechanisms against the opposition to consolidate power—because these often operate short of criminal violations, they are difficult to address. The chapter then turns to corruption. Features of populist rule that regularly invite corruption include short-term politics, the dismantling of intermediary institutions, and the tendency to reward “the people” (with, e.g., pre-election social expenditures) and punish their “enemies” (e.g., by hiking taxes on opposition strongholds). Strengthening anticorruption institutions is thus an important entry point to addressing populist rule’s distortive effects.

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Hannah Chang, Hyun Kyong. « Listening to Korea ». Dans Acoustics of Empire, 203–24. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553787.003.0009.

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Abstract This chapter examines a range of sonic descriptions in the writings of North American Protestant missionaries in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century Korea. These descriptions in the missionary archive point to listening practices firmly embedded in Western imperial and North American evangelical epistemologies. Instances of missionaries’ listening to the “natives” reveal two different conceptualizations of Koreans’ vocal practice. Many missionaries conceptualized it as an object of conversion and linked authentic Christian faith to the supposed universality of North American culture. Other missionaries conceptualized it as an object of folkloristic analysis, projecting essentialist ideas about Korean alterity to what they heard. This chapter argues that both forms of listening, despite their oppositional outlooks, were conditioned by an ingrained practice of listening that assumed Korean vocalization as an audible site of interiority.

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Mallon, Ryan. « Bigotry or Liberalism ? Dissenting Politics and the Liberal Party ». Dans Dissent After Disruption, 152–88. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474482790.003.0007.

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Chapter Six demonstrates how anti-Catholicism and dissenting co-operation played a major role in altering the complexion of Scottish electoral politics for over a decade. It examines the political alliance forged within the Liberal party by the Free and United Presbyterian churches based largely if not solely on a shared opposition to the Maynooth endowment. Throughout Scotland the alliance allowed middle-class radical dissenters to wrest control of the Liberal party from the ruling Whig elite, and dominate Scottish elections after 1846. As was the case during the Voluntary Controversy, religion and politics were intertwined in Scotland and across Britain in the mid-nineteenth century, and Scottish dissent – especially voluntaryism – was often synonymous with the more radical elements of liberalism. The chapter explores the extent to which this alliance, so successful across Scotland at the 1847 and 1852 general elections, allowed for a unified political vision that moved beyond Maynooth and articulated a broader anti-Whig and radical agenda within both the Free and United Presbyterian churches. Did a liberal-radical vision of dissenting Presbyterian politics emerge in the years after 1843, or was the electoral alliance of the 1840s and 1850s simply a marriage of convenience based on the narrow platform of anti-Maynooth opposition?

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Musto, David F. « Renewed Efforts at Control, 1986-1997 ». Dans The American Disease, Origins Of Narcotic Control, 273–93. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125092.003.0012.

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Abstract By the end of the twentieth century, we in the United States will have experienced approximately 140 years of drug control efforts at the state, national, and international levels. As we look back over the waxing and waning popularity of mood-altering substances, it is difficult to escape the suspicion that, although drug abuse is a real and deeply imbedded social problem, attempts to solve it are sometimes nearly overwhelmed by wars of words. The contest is waged by opposing camps of fiercely committed partisans. As times change, and as drug fads decline and are replaced by health or moral crusades, one camp gains adherents, new laws are demanded and passed, old ones are abolished, and sometimes still older ones are retrieved, brushed off, and re-implemented as innovations. Meanwhile, the opposition has not entirely disappeared, but continues to fight rearguard actions and wait for the next opportunity to prevail.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Opposition (alterity)"

Machado De Andrade, Wiliam. « Mobile Game Design and Ergonomics : a necessary combination ». Dans 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003861.

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Games for mobile phones constitute a fast-growing industry, with technologies and business models that explore their portability and facilitated access. The human factors on mobile playing did not follow such a development. With devices using touchscreens to control the game, usability ignored the ergonomics of holding and interacting with handheld narratives in opposition to video game console controllers. This article studies mobile gaming ergonomics to understand how playing with a handheld device changes body alignment, pondering whether game design can lead to or avoid postural injuries in the long term. While console and desktop computer gaming are likely to occur in controlled settings, mobile gaming can happen in varied places and situations. Some games demand players to hold their devices with a single hand, making it difficult to distribute the weight and adjust the grip. Playing while standing up may cause arm and wrist fatigue while gamers try to achieve better visualization. In addition, small onscreen content can also prompt neck stretching, altering the body's axis. Even though the current literature reveals some concerns regarding video games and ergonomics, they commonly focus on the players but not on the game content. Thinking about the latter, is it possible to plan the game to reduce the risk of injuries when playing with a handheld device? As a first step toward a potential answer, the research investigates (1) the body risks when holding a smartphone; and (2) some distinct game features from other mobile operations that can aggravate potential injuries. The conclusions suggest some approaches to game design to reduce the risks in the long term, also attempting to make part of further discussions on ergonomics to make mobile gaming safer for the body.

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