Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Overheating adaptation »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Overheating adaptation"
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Botti, Andrea, et Marylis Ramos. « Adapting the design of a new care home development for a changing climate ». International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 35, no 4 (14 août 2017) : 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-11-2016-0028.
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Purpose In the light of projected climate change impacts on buildings and their occupants, climate change adaptation for built environment to climate change is crucial. The risk of overheating is a key concern, particularly given its effect on heat-related health problems for elderly people. The purpose of this paper is to propose, test, and evaluate the strategies for climate change adaptation to minimise present and future risks of overheating for a new purpose-built care home and extra care accommodation near York. Design/methodology/approach The overheating risk was assessed through dynamic simulations, using probabilistic projections for 2030s, 2050s and 2080s. Suitable adaptation measures were tested and compared using industry metrics. A stakeholders’ workshop compared the relative effectiveness of the identified measures and made a broader evaluation using defined criteria. Highest-ranked measures were combined into “adaptation packages” in order to populate adaptation timelines for the project. Findings Results show that the original design presents a severe overheating risk. Increasing thermal mass and slightly improving ventilation are adequate for the 2030s; however solar shading and further improvements of ventilation are necessary for the 2050s. The stress test revealed that even the most effective passive measures combined would be insufficient to maintain comfortable conditions by the 2080s, and mechanical cooling would be needed. Originality/value The comparative analysis of adaptation measures using normalised CIBSE TM52 criteria improved risk communication and engagement with the client and the design team. The integration of quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria led to an appropriate and timely strategy for adaptation.
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Feng, Jie, Kai Gao, H. Khan, G. Ulpiani, K. Vasilakopoulou, G. Young Yun et M. Santamouris. « Overheating of Cities : Magnitude, Characteristics, Impact, Mitigation and Adaptation, and Future Challenges ». Annual Review of Environment and Resources 48, no 1 (13 novembre 2023) : 651–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-093021.
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Urban overheating is the most documented phenomenon of climate change impacting humans. This article presents the most recent developments on the magnitude and characteristics of urban overheating and the potential synergies with global climatic change. It analyses the latest qualitative and quantitative data on the impact of higher urban temperatures on buildings’ energy supply and demand, heat-related mortality, morbidity and wellbeing, human productivity, survivability of low-income populations, and environmental quality of cities. It describes the state of the art on the development of innovative mitigation materials, advanced urban greenery, heat dissipation, and evaporative techniques as the main mitigation and adaptation technologies to offset the impact of urban overheating. It also analyses the current knowledge on the impact of each mitigation technology on energy, health, environmental quality, urban economy, and survivability. Finally, this article presents the main future challenges related to urban overheating and proposes a specific research agenda to alleviate and counterbalance its impact on human life.
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Tillson, Amy-Alys, Tadj Oreszczyn et Jason Palmer. « Assessing impacts of summertime overheating : some adaptation strategies ». Building Research & ; Information 41, no 6 (18 juillet 2013) : 652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2013.808864.
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Shikder, Shariful, Monjur Mourshed et Andrew Price. « Summertime Impact of Climate Change on Multi-Occupancy British Dwellings ». Open House International 37, no 4 (1 décembre 2012) : 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2012-b0006.
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Recent climate change projections estimate that the average summertime temperature in the southern part of Great Britain may increase by up to 5.4°C by the end of the century. The general consensus is that projected increases in temperature will render British dwellings vulnerable to summer overheating and by the middle of this century it may become difficult to maintain a comfortable indoor environment, if adaptation measures are not well integrated in the design and operation of new dwellings, which are likely to remain in use beyond the 2050s. The challenge is to reduce overheating risks by integrating building and user adaptation measures, to avoid energy intensive mechanical cooling. Developing guidelines and updating building regulations for adaptation, therefore, requires an understanding of the baseline scenario; i.e. the performance of existing buildings in future climates. This paper aims to investigate the performance of new-build multi-occupancy British dwellings for human thermal comfort in the present-day and projected future climates in four regional cities: Birmingham, Edinburgh, London and Manchester. Evaluations are carried out by a series of dynamic thermal simulations using widely adopted threshold temperature for overheating, as well as adaptive thermal comfort standards. This study thus offers a unique perspective on regional variations of performance and provides a clearer snapshot because of the use of more appropriate adaptive comfort standards in the evaluations. Finally, the paper sheds light on possible personal and building adaptation measures to alleviate overheating risks.
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Fosas, Daniel, David A. Coley, Sukumar Natarajan, Manuel Herrera, Miguel Fosas de Pando et Alfonso Ramallo-Gonzalez. « Mitigation versus adaptation : Does insulating dwellings increase overheating risk ? » Building and Environment 143 (octobre 2018) : 740–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.07.033.
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Wright, Andrew, et Eduardas Venskunas. « Effects of Future Climate Change and Adaptation Measures on Summer Comfort of Modern Homes across the Regions of the UK ». Energies 15, no 2 (12 janvier 2022) : 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020512.
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The global climate is warming rapidly, with increasing frequency of severe events including heatwaves. Building insulation standards are improving to reduce emissions, but this can also lead to more overheating. Historically, UK house designers have not included adaptation measures to limit this. Most studies of the problem have had limited geographical or future climate scope. This study considers the comfort performance of a small modern house, in detached, semi-detached, and terrace (row) forms, but otherwise identical. Overheating is evaluated according to established criteria, including night-time bedroom hours over 26 °C. Simulations are carried out using median future weather years for current, 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s climates under medium- and high-emission scenarios for 14 regions of the UK. The results show a very large increase in overheating by the 2080s in all regions. With solar shading and natural ventilation, overheating is reduced considerably, maintaining comfort in most northern regions in the 2050s and a few northern regions in the 2080s. Differences between medium and high emissions are generally less than between different decades. Terraced (row) houses consistently overheat slightly more than semi-detached, with detached showing the least overheating.
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Schünemann, Christoph, Alfred Olfert, David Schiela, Karin Gruhler et Regine Ortlepp. « Mitigation and adaptation in multifamily housing : overheating and climate justice ». Buildings and Cities 1, no 1 (2020) : 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bc.12.
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Patidar, S., D. P. Jenkins, G. J. Gibson et P. F. G. Banfill. « Analysis of probabilistic climate projections : heat wave, overheating and adaptation ». Journal of Building Performance Simulation 6, no 1 (janvier 2013) : 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2012.684447.
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Ibrahim, Azlizawati, et Sofie LJ Pelsmakers. « Low-energy housing retrofit in North England : Overheating risks and possible mitigation strategies ». Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no 2 (22 janvier 2018) : 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418754386.
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In the drive to reduce space-heating demand and associated CO2 emissions as well as tackle fuel poverty, dwelling overheating and summer-time occupant thermal discomfort might be the unintended consequences of low-energy building retrofits. This paper presents the findings of a steady-state modelled low-energy retrofit dwelling in northern England and its potential current and future climate overheating risks using UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) scenarios (2050 and 2080 High Emission Scenarios). Predictive findings highlight that retrofitting to low-energy standards increases overheating risk over time, unless passive prevention measures are included in the retrofit design. In addition, the steady-state nature of the model might not fully capture the occupants’ exposure to actual future overheating risks. Among the most effective individual passive overheating mitigation strategies are temporary internal shading, permanent external shading and night-time ventilation. Most effective is a combination of these adaptation measures, so that predictive overheating is minimised in a future changing climate, reducing the uptake of active cooling in retrofitted dwellings. Practical application: Much research focuses on building overheating risks in the warmer South-east of England. However, this paper highlights how dwelling retrofit in north England (Sheffield) also can lead to increased dwelling overheating risk, unless passive design measures are included in the retrofit design. Among the most effective individual passive overheating mitigation strategies are solar shading devices and increased night-time ventilation, though ideally different measures are combined. Using future climate scenarios highlights that retrofits designed today might not be able to provide occupant thermal comfort in a future warming world.
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Attia, Shady, et Camille Gobin. « Climate Change Effects on Belgian Households : A Case Study of a Nearly Zero Energy Building ». Energies 13, no 20 (14 octobre 2020) : 5357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205357.
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Overheating in residential building is a challenging problem that causes thermal discomfort, productivity reduction, and health problems. This paper aims to assess the climate change impact on thermal comfort in a Belgian reference case. The case study represents a nearly zero energy building that operates without active cooling during summer. The study quantifies the impact of climate change on overheating risks using three representative concentration pathway (RCP) trajectories for greenhouse gas concentration adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Building performance analysis is carried out using a multizone dynamic simulation program EnergyPlus. The results show that bioclimatic and thermal adaptation strategies, including adaptive thermal comfort models, cannot suppress the effect of global warming. By 2050, zero energy buildings will be vulnerable to overheating.
Thèses sur le sujet "Overheating adaptation"
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Gichuyia, Linda Nkatha. « Indoor overheating risk : a framework for temporal building adaptation decision-making ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270294.
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Overheating in buildings is predicted to increase as a result of a warming climate and urbanisation in most cities. With regards to responding to this challenge, decision makers ranging from_ design teams, local authorities, building users, national programs and market innovators; and during the different stages of a building’s service life, want to know a few pertinent matters: What space characteristics and buildings are at a higher risk and by how much?; What are the tradeoffs between alternative design and/or user-based actions?; What are the likely or possible consequences of their decisions?; What is the impact of climate change to indoor overheating?; among other decision support questions. However, such decision appraisal information still remains buried and dispersed in existing simulation models, and empirical studies, and not yet been clearly articulated in any existing study or model. Especially decision support information articulated in a way that gives each decision maker maximum capacity to anticipate and respond to thermal discomfort in different spaces and through the lifetime of a building. There is a need for an integrated and systematic means of building adaptation decision-support, which provides analytical leverage to these listed decision makers. A means that: 1) assimilates a range of indoor thermal comfort's causal and solution space processes; 2) reveals and enhances the exploration of the space and time-dependent patterns created by the dynamics of the indoor overheating phenomenon through time; and one that 3) imparts insight into decision strategy and its synthesis across multiple decision makers. This study recognises the lack of an overarching framework attending to the listed concerns. Therefore, the key aim of this thesis is to develop and test a building adaptation decision-support framework, which extends the scope of existing frameworks and indoor overheating risk models to facilitate trans-sectional evaluations that reveal temporal decision strategies. The generic framework frames a multi-method analysis aiming to underpin decision appraisal for different spaces over a 50 to 100-year time horizon. It constitutes an underlying architecture that engages the dimensions of decision support information generation, information structuring, its exploration and dissemination, to ease in drawing decision strategy flexibly and transparently. The multi-method framework brings together: 1) Systems thinking methods to a) facilitate the systematic exposure of the elements that shape indoor overheating risk, and b) reveal the processes that shape multi-stakeholder decision-making response over time; 2) The use of normative, predictive and exploratory building scenarios to a) examine the overheating phenomenon over time, and b) as a lens through which to explore the micro-dynamics brought about by aspects of heterogeneity and uncertainty; and 3) The application of both computational and optimization techniques to appraise potential routes towards indoor thermal comfort over an extended time scale by a) tracking shifts in frequency, intensity and distribution of indoor overheating vulnerability by causal elements over time and space; and b) tracking shifting optima of the heat mitigation solution space, with respect to time, climate futures, heterogeneity of spaces, and due to thermal comfort assumptions. The framework’s potential has been demonstrated through its application to office buildings in Nairobi.
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Porritt, Stephen Michael. « Adapting UK dwellings for heat waves ». Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6327.
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The emphasis for UK dwelling refurbishment to date has centred on reducing heating energy use. However, there has been increasing evidence pointing to the need for a more holistic approach. Many existing dwellings already experience overheating during hot weather periods. Climate change projections predict increases in both the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including heat waves such as the one in August 2003, which is estimated to have claimed the lives of over 35,000 people throughout Europe, including 2,000 in the UK. Demand for housing exceeds the supply of new stock and it is estimated that over 70% of the dwellings that will be in use in 2050 have already been built. Therefore existing dwellings will require adaptation to provide more comfortable and safe environments, to reduce both summertime overheating and heating energy use. In this research, dynamic thermal simulation computer modelling was used to assess and rank the effectiveness of selected single and combined passive interventions (adaptations) on dwelling overheating during a heat wave period. Simulations were also carried out to assess the effect of those interventions on annual space heating energy use. Four distinct dwelling types were selected to represent the housing stock in London and South East England, producing seven modelling variants: 19th century end and mid-terraced houses; 1930s semi-detached house; 1960s ground, mid and top floor flats and a modern detached house. Simulations were carried out for two different occupancy profiles and four building orientations and the cost of interventions was also considered in the analysis. The first occupancy profile assumed a ‘typical’ family who left the dwellings unoccupied during the daytime, the second assumed residents who were at home all the time (e.g. elderly or infirm). Of the dwelling types studied the 1960s mid and top floor flats and the modern (2006) detached house (Tier 2) experienced more than twice as much overheating as the other dwelling types (Tier 1). Tier 2 dwellings were “harder to treat” and unlike Tier 1 dwellings their overheating exposure could not be eliminated using the selected passive interventions. It was possible to substantially reduce overheating and annual heating energy use of Tier 1 dwellings at moderate cost, whereas the costs for retrofitting Tier 2 dwellings were estimated to be many times higher. The results demonstrated that overheating exposure can be significantly greater for residents who have to stay at home during the daytime and they should not, where possible, be housed in the most vulnerable dwellings. External window shutters were found to be the single most effective intervention for overheating reduction in most of the dwelling types considered, typically resulting in a 50% reduction in overheating exposure. The exception was the 19th century terraced houses, where applying a solar reflective (high albedo) coating to the solid external walls was often more effective. In some cases the addition of insulation increased overheating and external wall insulation consistently outperformed internal wall insulation when considering the effect on overheating, though the latter could be effective as an element of combined interventions. Adaptation should therefore be considered together with mitigation, both in design practice and in regulations. If existing dwellings (for example the 19th century terraced houses) are retrofitted for energy efficiency, without considering summer use, overheating could increase dramatically. Subsequent corrective measures could be costly and energy efficiency may suffer as a result. This research builds on previous publications and research to generate systematic, quantitative and holistic guidance for retrofitting UK dwellings to reduce overheating risk during heat waves, whilst minimising annual space heating energy use and considering the cost of retrofit. An interactive retrofit advice toolkit has been developed (and made publicly available) as part of the research, which allows selection of the best performing interventions within a given budget. Recommendations for further development of the research are also suggested.
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POURABDOLLAHTOOTKABONI, MAMAK. « Towards Climate Resilient and Energy Efficient Buildings : A Comparative Study on Energy Related Components, Adaptation Strategies, and Whole Building Performance ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2973984.
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Garcia, de cezar Martina. « Végétalisation urbaine irriguée pour atténuer les phénomènes de surchauffe en milieu urbain : une approche expérimentale et numérique à l'échelle microclimatique du canyon urbain ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AGPT0011.
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Atténuer la surchauffe urbaine constitue une problématique sociétale majeure. Ce domaine de recherche exige des avancées méthodologiques et une approche interdisciplinaire pour approfondir notre compréhension de l'influence des configurations urbaines sur les indices de confort thermique. Cette étude vise à contribuer à cet objectif en proposant des méthodologies d'analyse centrées sur l'échelle microclimatique d'un canyon urbain et en examinant des stratégies de végétalisation par l'usage de jardinières contenant des arbustes et des plantes grimpantes irriguées. Le projet est structuré en trois phases : revue de littérature, expérimentation et modélisation.La revue de l'état actuel des connaissances et des outils de modélisation, en soulignant que les approches avancées de Dynamique des Fluides Numérique (CFD) sont efficaces, mais nécessitent des méthodologies rigoureuses pour simuler précisément les processus physiques associés à la végétation irriguée dans les canyons urbains. Bien que la CFD soit prometteuse, des lacunes subsistent quant au rôle des régimes d'irrigation sur les taux d'évapotranspiration et les effets de refroidissement de la végétation, nécessitant davantage d'études sur la composition et l'organisation de cette végétation. De plus, un besoin de liaison entre la recherche académique et la pratique opérationnelle a été identifié. Cette connexion encourage le développement de solutions opérationnelles pour mieux relever les défis des microclimats urbains et des villes résilientes.Dans la phase expérimentale, une rue équipée de jardinières de plantes grimpantes et d'arbustes soumis à différents régimes d'irrigation a été conçue pour recueillir des données microclimatiques provenant d'un réseau dense de capteurs dans l'air et dans le sol des jardinières. Cette analyse a permis de développer des méthodes génériques pour établir et analyser les stratégies d'irrigation en milieu urbain, ainsi que d'étudier les données microclimatiques. L'impact de la stratégie testée a révélé que, pour des vitesses de vent faibles (<1 m s⁻¹), la variation de la température de l'air était principalement affectée par le rayonnement solaire. Dans cette configuration, la végétation irriguée augmente légèrement la fraîcheur et l'humidité de l'air à proximité, bien que ces effets restent insuffisants pour améliorer significativement le confort thermique dans la zone située entre les rangées de végétation. Ainsi, il est suggéré que l'irrigation urbaine dans ce contexte soit principalement conçue pour réduire la température de surface du feuillage, en contribuant à une canopée arborée plus dense, dans le cadre d'une stratégie visant à prévenir le stress hydrique des plantes.La phase finale a porté sur le développement de simulations CFD afin de valider l'accessibilité et la précision du modèle numérique dans la reproduction des conditions expérimentales. Les résultats montrent de faibles erreurs absolues par rapport aux données expérimentales (<5%), bien que des incohérences spatiales aient été observées, notamment dans les distributions de température de surface influencées par les projections d'ombre. Cela souligne la nécessité d'une représentation temporelle adéquate des dynamiques thermiques et radiatives, augmentant ainsi la complexité des simulations. Les recommandations incluent l'utilisation de clusters de calcul haute performance pour optimiser le temps de modélisation, l'application de conditions aux limites spécifiques pour améliorer la précision du modèle et la réalisation d'analyses de sensibilité pour optimiser l'architecture de simulationMitigating heat waves in urban ecosystem represents a pressing societal issue. This area of study requires methodological advancements and interdisciplinary approaches to deepen our understanding of how different urban configurations would influence thermal comfort indices felt by the citizens. This study aims to contribute to this effort by proposing analytical methodologies focused on the microclimatic scale of an urban canyon, examining urban greening strategies through the use of planters with irrigated shrubs and climbing plants. The project is structured in three main phases: literature review, experimental analysis, and modelling approaches.A literature review assessed the current state of knowledge and listed the available modelling tools, highlighting that advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are effective but require accurate methodologies to simulate the physical processes associated with irrigated vegetation in urban canyons. While CFD has the potential to address the raised issues, gaps remain in understanding the control exerted by different irrigation regimes on evapotranspiration rates and thus on the cooling effects of vegetation, necessitating further studies on vegetation arrangement and composition. Furthermore, there is a strong need to transfer academic research for applied purposes, inviting urban planners, engineers and architects in an integrated view. This re-connection between disciplines will encourages the development of operational solutions to meet the challenges of urban microclimates and resilient cities.In the experimental phase, an urban street canyon (with planters containing climbing plants and shrubs, under varying irrigation regimes) was constructed to collect microclimate data from a dense network of sensors in the air and on the soil of the planters. This enabled the development of generic methods for establishing, analysing and improving irrigation regimes in urban environments, from their effects on soil and microclimatic data. As an impact of the strategy tested, it was found that for low wind speeds (<1 m s-1), the variation in air temperature was mainly affected by solar radiation. In this configuration, the irrigated vegetation slightly increases air cooling and humidity in its vicinity. However, these effects remain insufficient to significantly alter and improve thermal comfort in the zone located between vegetation rows. Thus, it is suggested that urban irrigation in this context should be established mainly to reduce the surface temperature of the foliage, by contributing to denser tree foliage, as the result of a strategy to prevent plant water stress.The final phase was to build CFD simulations to validate the numerical model's accessibility and accuracy in reproducing experimental conditions. Results showed very low absolute errors compared to experimental data (<5%), although spatial inconsistencies were sometimes observed, particularly in surface temperature distributions influenced by shadow projections. This highlighted the need for a dedicated methodology to properly represent the dynamics of thermal fluxes, at the cost of increased simulation complexity. Recommendations include employing high-performance computing clusters to extend the time period possibly modelled, applying specific boundary conditions to enhance model accuracy, and conducting sensitivity analyses to optimise the simulation architecture
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Machard, Anaïs. « Towards mitigation and adaptation to climate change : Contribution to Building Design ». Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS020.
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Compte tenu de l’augmentation de la fréquence des canicules, il est nécessaire de s’assurer que les bâtiments conçus et construits aujourd’hui seront adaptés aux futures températures plus élevées. Le périmètre de cette thèse consiste à proposer une méthodologie de contribution à la conception des bâtiments considérant à la fois les enjeux d’atténuation (réduction des besoins énergétiques) et d’adaptation (confort thermique estival, réduction du risque sanitaire en période de canicule) au changement climatique. La méthodologie a pour vocation d’être adaptable à différents types de bâtiments et de climats. Dans ce but, nous avons développé des fichiers météorologiques contenant des séquences typiques, ainsi que des vagues de chaleur futures. Par la suite, des méthodes d’analyse de sensibilité et d’optimisation couplées à des simulations thermiques dynamiques du bâtiment ont permis d’évaluer le potentiel de différentes techniques de rafraîchissement passif utilisées pour diminuer la surchauffe d’été en climats futurs. Les résultats de ces travaux de recherche mettent en évidence que les stratégies évaluées sont efficaces pour maintenir un confort thermique estival lors des étés futurs types à Paris et à La Rochelle. Cependant, à Carpentras, pour un été type futur, et pour ces trois villes en périodes de canicules futures récurrentes, les limites de ces solutions sont mises en exergue. En effet, les résultats de l’étude montrent que les occupants sont exposés à la chaleur lors de plusieurs jours consécutifs au-dessus de seuils à la fois diurnes et nocturnes ce qui résulte en un risque sanitaire pour les personnes vulnérables. Ces séquences ne sont pas détectées en utilisant des fichiers futurs types uniquement, ce qui démontre la pertinence de ces travaux. La combinaison d’enveloppes de bâtiments optimisées, de stratégies de rafraîchissement et d’adaptation des occupants se révèle être nécessaire afin d’atténuer le risque sanitaire récurrent auguré pour le milieu du siècle en FranceDue to climate change projecting increased heatwaves occurrence, ensuring that buildings designed and built today will be adapted to future warmer temperatures is essential. The scope of this Ph.D. is to propose a methodological contribution to the design of buildings that both mitigate (minimize yearly energy needs) and adapt (minimize summer indoor overheating, limit health-heat-related risk) to climate change. The methodology can be applied to any building case study in any climate. For this purpose, bias-adjusted weather files containing both present, future typical conditions and future heatwave periods were developed. The potential of different passive cooling mitigation and adaptation strategies to reduce summer indoor overheating is evaluated using these weather files through dynamic thermal simulations, sensitivity analysis and optimization methods. The results of this research work highlight that for the building case study, the evaluated strategies (buffer spaces, thermal mass, roof optical properties, glazing ratio, ventilative cooling) have a strong capacity to enable summer thermal comfort in future typical summers in Paris and in La Rochelle. However, in Carpentras, and under recurring heatwaves in all three cities, the limits of these mitigation and adaptation measures are recognized. In fact, the future heatwaves consistently lead to consecutive days of indoor overheating exposure during both daytime and nighttime for building occupants, leading to a health-heat-related risk especially for the most vulnerable. These sequences are not detected when using only future typical years, which stresses the relevance of this work. Only the combination of optimized building envelopes, ventilative cooling strategies and adaptive opportunities from building occupants (solar control, increased indoor air velocities) have the potential to offset the projected recurring health-heat-related risk, particularly elevated in the South of France
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Fahrion, Marc-Steffen. « Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz im Zeichen des Klimawandels – Anpassungsplanung für Bürogebäude ». Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-193732.
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Seit Beginn der Industrialisierung ist ein starker Anstieg der anthropogenen Treibhausgaskonzentrationen in der Atmosphäre zu verzeichnen, der zu einer Veränderung des Klimas auf der Erde führt. Schon heute sind die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und zahlreiche Bereiche des täglichen Lebens zu beobachten. Diese werden sich mit fortschreitendem Klimawandel noch verstärken. Auch das Bauwesen muss sich auf die sich verändernden klimatischen Einwirkungen wie beispielsweise Sommerhitze, Überflutung, Starkregen, Hagel und Wind einstellen. Für keine der genannten klimatischen Einwirkungen ist das Änderungssignal in den Klimaprojektionen so eindeutig wie für die Sommerhitze. Aus diesem Grund wird der Handlungsbedarf beim sommerlichen Wärmeschutz als besonders hoch eingeschätzt. In den westlichen Industriestaaten halten sich Erwachsene während des Sommers circa 80 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Deshalb ist das Innenraumklima von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Behaglichkeit, die geistige Leistungsfähigkeit und die Gesundheit des Menschen. Wie sich der Klimawandel auf die gebaute Umwelt in Deutschland auswirkt, ist weitestgehend unerforscht. Es ist zu klären, ob nur einzelne baukonstruktive Details, die heutigen Bemessungsregeln oder sogar grundsätzliche Entwurfsprinzipien für Gebäude überdacht werden müssen. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, eine Untersuchungsmethodik zu entwickeln, mit der die Auswirkungen des bereits beobachteten und des zu erwartenden Klimawandels auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz bestehender Bürogebäude beurteilt werden können. Erst dadurch lässt sich ein etwaiger Handlungsbedarf objektiv feststellen und begründen. Ein weiteres wesentliches Ziel besteht darin, beispielhafte Anpassungsmaßnahmen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Baukonstruktion zu entwickeln, mit denen auch in Zukunft die sommerliche Behaglichkeit in bestehenden Bürogebäuden sichergestellt werden kann. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Frage, ob baukonstruktive Maßnahmen allein in Zukunft ausreichen können oder ob zusätzlich anlagentechnische Lösungen zur technischen Kühlung unumgänglich werden. Die entwickelten Anpassungsmaßnahmen sollen die Grundlage für Gebäudekonzepte und Fassadenkonstruktionen sein, welche auch bei fortschreitendem Klimawandel die Anforderungen an die Behaglichkeit und den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz erfüllen. Des Weiteren soll eine Methode zur Bewertung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen aufgezeigt werden. Um untersuchen zu können, inwieweit die Verletzbarkeit infolge zunehmender Sommerhitze und der entsprechende Anpassungsbedarf von der Baukonstruktion abhängen, wurden drei Bürogebäude unterschiedlicher Baualtersstufen ausgewählt und mittels dynamisch-thermischer Gebäudesimulation analysiert. Die dynamisch-thermische Gebäudesimulation ist aktuell die detaillierteste Methode zur Beurteilung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes. Nur mit ihr können komplexe Gebäudekonzepte oder automatisierte Systeme ausreichend genau nachgebildet werden. Zur Abbildung des bereits stattgefundenen und des projizierten Klimawandels wurden fünf Klimadatensätze verwendet, mit denen der Klimawandel von der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts dargestellt werden kann. Die Schwachpunkte der drei untersuchten Gebäude wurden analysiert und darauf aufbauend detaillierte Anpassungsvorschläge ausgearbeitet und wiederum über Simulationen bewertet. Umfangreiche Detailzeichnungen zu den angepassten Gebäudekonzepten und Fassadenkonstruktionen sollen eine Umsetzung der Ergebnisse in die Praxis erleichtern. Es werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, den durch diese Maßnahmen erzielten Nutzen in Geldeinheiten zu bewerten. Dadurch können Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung über Investitionsrechenverfahren zugeführt werdenSince the beginning of industrialization, a large increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has been detected. This increase is the main cause for the observed climate change. The impacts of climate change on the environment and numerous aspects of human lives have been visible and will become more and more threatening with ongoing climate change. Civil engineering has to deal with changing climate-related hazards such as summer heat, flooding, torrential rain, hail and storm. For none of the mentioned climatic impacts on buildings, the climate change signal is as unambiguous and robust as for summer heat. Thus, actions to protect from summer overheating are highly required. During summer, adults in the Western industrialized states spend about 80 % of their time indoors. Therefore, indoor climate is of essential importance for comfort, mental performance and human health. The impacts of climate change on the built environment in Germany are rarely investigated. It has to be determined whether the building construction details, current design regulations or the design principles have to be revised. This thesis aims to develop a research methodology, which evaluates the impacts of the observed and expected climate change on the protection against summer overheating of existing office buildings. Only thus a possible need for action can be objectively determined and justified. Another major objective is the development of exemplary adaptation measures for various building construction types to ensure the comfort in existing office buildings during summer. Of particular interest is the question if it will be sufficient in the future to use only passive measures or if it will be unavoidable to install technical cooling capacities. The developed adaptation measures should be the basis for building concepts and façade constructions that are able to guarantee high comfort and an improved protection against summer overheating. Furthermore, a method to evaluate the economic efficiency of adaptation measures is demonstrated. To investigate the relationship between building construction and vulnerability, three buildings of different construction year categories have been analyzed using dynamic thermal building simulations. At present, the dynamic thermal building simulation is the most detailed method for evaluating the protection against summer overheating. This is the only method which is able to reproduce complex building concepts and automated systems in sufficient detail. In order to demonstrate the impacts of the observed and projected climate change on buildings between the middle of the 20th century and the end of the 21st century, five climate datasets have been applied. The weak points of the three investigated buildings have been analyzed. Based on this, detailed adaptation measures have been developed and evaluated by thermal building simulations. Comprehensive drawings, which show the adapted building concepts and façade details, will facilitate the application in practice. Different possibilities are demonstrated to express the achieved benefit from the adaptation measures in monetary units. Therefore, adaptation measures can be assessed by investment calculations
7
Fahrion, Marc-Steffen. « Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz im Zeichen des Klimawandels – Anpassungsplanung für Bürogebäude ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Seit Beginn der Industrialisierung ist ein starker Anstieg der anthropogenen Treibhausgaskonzentrationen in der Atmosphäre zu verzeichnen, der zu einer Veränderung des Klimas auf der Erde führt. Schon heute sind die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und zahlreiche Bereiche des täglichen Lebens zu beobachten. Diese werden sich mit fortschreitendem Klimawandel noch verstärken. Auch das Bauwesen muss sich auf die sich verändernden klimatischen Einwirkungen wie beispielsweise Sommerhitze, Überflutung, Starkregen, Hagel und Wind einstellen. Für keine der genannten klimatischen Einwirkungen ist das Änderungssignal in den Klimaprojektionen so eindeutig wie für die Sommerhitze. Aus diesem Grund wird der Handlungsbedarf beim sommerlichen Wärmeschutz als besonders hoch eingeschätzt.
In den westlichen Industriestaaten halten sich Erwachsene während des Sommers circa 80 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Deshalb ist das Innenraumklima von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Behaglichkeit, die geistige Leistungsfähigkeit und die Gesundheit des Menschen. Wie sich der Klimawandel auf die gebaute Umwelt in Deutschland auswirkt, ist weitestgehend unerforscht. Es ist zu klären, ob nur einzelne baukonstruktive Details, die heutigen Bemessungsregeln oder sogar grundsätzliche Entwurfsprinzipien für Gebäude überdacht werden müssen.
Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, eine Untersuchungsmethodik zu entwickeln, mit der die Auswirkungen des bereits beobachteten und des zu erwartenden Klimawandels auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz bestehender Bürogebäude beurteilt werden können. Erst dadurch lässt sich ein etwaiger Handlungsbedarf objektiv feststellen und begründen. Ein weiteres wesentliches Ziel besteht darin, beispielhafte Anpassungsmaßnahmen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Baukonstruktion zu entwickeln, mit denen auch in Zukunft die sommerliche Behaglichkeit in bestehenden Bürogebäuden sichergestellt werden kann. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Frage, ob baukonstruktive Maßnahmen allein in Zukunft ausreichen können oder ob zusätzlich anlagentechnische Lösungen zur technischen Kühlung unumgänglich werden. Die entwickelten Anpassungsmaßnahmen sollen die Grundlage für Gebäudekonzepte und Fassadenkonstruktionen sein, welche auch bei fortschreitendem Klimawandel die Anforderungen an die Behaglichkeit und den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz erfüllen. Des Weiteren soll eine Methode zur Bewertung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen aufgezeigt werden.
Um untersuchen zu können, inwieweit die Verletzbarkeit infolge zunehmender Sommerhitze und der entsprechende Anpassungsbedarf von der Baukonstruktion abhängen, wurden drei Bürogebäude unterschiedlicher Baualtersstufen ausgewählt und mittels dynamisch-thermischer Gebäudesimulation analysiert. Die dynamisch-thermische Gebäudesimulation ist aktuell die detaillierteste Methode zur Beurteilung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes. Nur mit ihr können komplexe Gebäudekonzepte oder automatisierte Systeme ausreichend genau nachgebildet werden.
Zur Abbildung des bereits stattgefundenen und des projizierten Klimawandels wurden fünf Klimadatensätze verwendet, mit denen der Klimawandel von der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts dargestellt werden kann. Die Schwachpunkte der drei untersuchten Gebäude wurden analysiert und darauf aufbauend detaillierte Anpassungsvorschläge ausgearbeitet und wiederum über Simulationen bewertet. Umfangreiche Detailzeichnungen zu den angepassten Gebäudekonzepten und Fassadenkonstruktionen sollen eine Umsetzung der Ergebnisse in die Praxis erleichtern. Es werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, den durch diese Maßnahmen erzielten Nutzen in Geldeinheiten zu bewerten. Dadurch können Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung über Investitionsrechenverfahren zugeführt werden.Since the beginning of industrialization, a large increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has been detected. This increase is the main cause for the observed climate change. The impacts of climate change on the environment and numerous aspects of human lives have been visible and will become more and more threatening with ongoing climate change. Civil engineering has to deal with changing climate-related hazards such as summer heat, flooding, torrential rain, hail and storm. For none of the mentioned climatic impacts on buildings, the climate change signal is as unambiguous and robust as for summer heat. Thus, actions to protect from summer overheating are highly required. During summer, adults in the Western industrialized states spend about 80 % of their time indoors. Therefore, indoor climate is of essential importance for comfort, mental performance and human health. The impacts of climate change on the built environment in Germany are rarely investigated. It has to be determined whether the building construction details, current design regulations or the design principles have to be revised. This thesis aims to develop a research methodology, which evaluates the impacts of the observed and expected climate change on the protection against summer overheating of existing office buildings. Only thus a possible need for action can be objectively determined and justified. Another major objective is the development of exemplary adaptation measures for various building construction types to ensure the comfort in existing office buildings during summer. Of particular interest is the question if it will be sufficient in the future to use only passive measures or if it will be unavoidable to install technical cooling capacities. The developed adaptation measures should be the basis for building concepts and façade constructions that are able to guarantee high comfort and an improved protection against summer overheating. Furthermore, a method to evaluate the economic efficiency of adaptation measures is demonstrated. To investigate the relationship between building construction and vulnerability, three buildings of different construction year categories have been analyzed using dynamic thermal building simulations. At present, the dynamic thermal building simulation is the most detailed method for evaluating the protection against summer overheating. This is the only method which is able to reproduce complex building concepts and automated systems in sufficient detail. In order to demonstrate the impacts of the observed and projected climate change on buildings between the middle of the 20th century and the end of the 21st century, five climate datasets have been applied. The weak points of the three investigated buildings have been analyzed. Based on this, detailed adaptation measures have been developed and evaluated by thermal building simulations. Comprehensive drawings, which show the adapted building concepts and façade details, will facilitate the application in practice. Different possibilities are demonstrated to express the achieved benefit from the adaptation measures in monetary units. Therefore, adaptation measures can be assessed by investment calculations.
Livres sur le sujet "Overheating adaptation"
1
Aghamohammadi, Nasrin, et Mattheos Santamouris. Mitigation and Adaptation of Urban Overheating : The Impact of Warmer Cities on Climate, Energy, Health, Environmental Quality, Economy, and Quality of Life. Elsevier, 2024.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Overheating adaptation"
1
Gao, Kai, Samira Garshasbi et Mattheos Santamouris. « Transpiration Cooling with Quantum Dots to Mitigate Urban Overheating ». Dans Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, 1–28. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_164-2.
Texte intégral
2
Mavrogianni, Anna, Eleni Oikonomou, Ioanna Tsoulou, Giorgos Petrou, Mike Davies, Alastair Howard, Rajat Gupta, Ai Milojevic et Paul Wilkinson. « Indoor Overheating, Climate Resilience, and Adaptation of Care Settings ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies, 1–21. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_12-1.
Texte intégral
3
Mavrogianni, Anna, Eleni Oikonomou, Ioanna Tsoulou, Giorgos Petrou, Mike Davies, Alastair Howard, Rajat Gupta, Ai Milojevic et Paul Wilkinson. « Indoor Overheating, Climate Resilience, and Adaptation of Care Settings ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies, 779–99. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42462-6_12.
Texte intégral
4
Matandirotya, Newton R., Dirk P. Cilliers, Roelof P. Burger, Christian Pauw et Stuart J. Piketh. « Risks of Indoor Overheating in Low-Cost Dwellings on the South African Lowveld ». Dans African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–18. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_123-1.
Texte intégral
5
Matandirotya, Newton R., Dirk P. Cilliers, Roelof P. Burger, Christian Pauw et Stuart J. Piketh. « Risks of Indoor Overheating in Low-Cost Dwellings on the South African Lowveld ». Dans African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1583–600. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_123.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe South African Lowveld is a region of land that lies between 150 and 2000 m above sea level. In summer the region is characterized by the maximum mean daily ambient temperature of 32 °C. The purpose of the study was to characterize indoor thermal environments in low-cost residential dwellings during summer seasons as climate is changing. Indoor and ambient air temperature measurements were performed at a 30-min temporal resolution using Thermochron iButtons in the settlement of Agincourt. 58 free running low-cost residential dwellings were sampled over the summer seasons of 2016 and 2017. Complementary ambient air temperature data were sourced from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). Data were transformed into hourly means for further analysis. It was found that hourly maximum mean indoor temperatures ranged between 27 °C (daytime) and 23 °C (nighttime) for both living rooms and bedrooms in summer 2016 while in 2017, maximum mean indoor temperatures ranged between 29 °C (daytime) and 26 °C (nighttime) in living rooms and bedrooms. Pearson correlations showed a positive association between indoor and ambient temperatures ranging between r = 0.40 (daytime) and r = 0.90 (nighttime). The association is weak to moderate during daytime because occupants apply other ventilation practices that reduce the relationship between indoor and ambient temperatures. The close association between nighttime ambient and indoor temperature can also be attributed to the effect of urban heat island as nighttime ambient temperature remain elevated; thus, influencing indoor temperatures also remain high. These findings highlight the potential threat posed by a rise in temperatures for low-cost residential dwellings occupants due to climate change. Furthermore, the high level of sensitiveness of dwellings to ambient temperature changes also indicates housing envelopes that have poor thermal resistance to withstand the Lowveld region’s harsh extreme heat conditions, especially during summer. The study findings suggest that a potential risk of indoor overheating exists in low-cost dwellings on the South African Lowveld as the frequency and intensity of heat waves rise. There is therefore a need to develop immediate housing adaptation interventions that mitigate against the projected ambient temperature rise for example through thermal insulation retrofits on the existing housing stock and passive housing designs for new housing stock.
6
Gao, Kai, Samira Garshasbi et Mattheos Santamouris. « Urban Mitigation Potential of Quantum Dots and Transpiration Cooling : Transpiration Cooling to Mitigate Urban Overheating ». Dans Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, 3759–85. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72579-2_164.
Texte intégral
7
Gao, Kai, Samira Garshasbi et Mattheos Santamouris. « Urban Mitigation Potential of Quantum Dots and Transpiration Cooling : Transpiration Cooling to Mitigate Urban Overheating ». Dans Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, 1–27. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_164-1.
Texte intégral
8
« Copyright ». Dans Mitigation and Adaptation of Urban Overheating, iv. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-13502-6.00012-9.
Texte intégral
9
Jamei, Elmira, Majed Abuseif, Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini et Ali Ghaffarianhoseini. « Urban overheating governance on the mitigation and adaptation of anthropogenic heat emissions ». Dans Mitigation and Adaptation of Urban Overheating, 295–314. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-13502-6.00016-6.
Texte intégral
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Vasilakopoulou, Konstantina. « Regional climatic change and aged population. Adaptive measures to support current and future requirements ». Dans Mitigation and Adaptation of Urban Overheating, 265–75. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-13502-6.00009-9.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Overheating adaptation"
1
Baba, Fuad, Hua Ge, Leon Wang, Radu Zmeureanu et Dahai Qi. « Passive adaptation strategies to mitigate the overheating risk in an existing Canadian school ». Dans 2023 Building Simulation Conference. IBPSA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2023.1653.
Texte intégral
2
Yildirim, Mucahit. « BUILDING ADAPTATION IN THE AGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE : HISTORICAL ASSET IN SANLIURFA TURKEY ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s27.64.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the age of climate change, the sustainable adaptation of historical assets has gained importance. Adapting historical heritage assets helps to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution. The sustainable adaptation of heritage assets causes minimal damage to natural and social environments by minimizing its use of these resources. The aim of using sustainability in conservation is to maximize the efficient use of an existing facility and minimize the negative impact on the environment. The physical features of cities change in response to climatic conditions. For example, population densities increase, tree coverage decreases, the temperature increases, and air humidity decreases. The climate proofing of historical assets addresses some impacts that are not reversible. This study examines climate change through the sustainable adaptation of historical assets in Sanliurfa, which was chosen due to the diversity of its historical heritage and to its position as the hottest city of Turkiye where the greatest impact of climate change is overheating. A continental climate prevails in the region, and summers are long, hot and dry. The temperature differences between night and day and summer and winter are high. The study focused on adaptively reusing residential, commercial and institutional historical structures. The factors that damage the historical environment are temperature increases and precipitation changes in the city. Historical structures are extremely vulnerable in the age of climate change, and one of the solutions for their conservation is building adaptation.
3
Wong, Kaufui V., Andrew Paddon et Alfredo Jimenez. « Heat Island Effect Aggravates Mortality ». Dans ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62785.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cases of death during heat waves are most commonly due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, with the main contribution from the negative effect of heat on the cardiovascular system. In an attempt to control the body temperature, the body’s natural instinct is to circulate large quantities of blood to the skin. However while trying to protect itself from overheating, the body actually harms itself by inducing extra strain on the heart. This excess strain has the potential to trigger a cardiac event in those with chronic health problems, such as the elderly. Those in the U.S.A. between the ages of 65 and 74 are at a higher risk of mortality during heat waves when they are single, have a history of chronic pulmonary disease, or suffer from a psychiatric disorder. In the older group, 75+, single people are again more vulnerable as well as women. The relationship of mortality and temperature creates a J-shaped function, showing a steeper slope at higher temperatures. Records show that more casualties have resulted from heat waves than hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes together. The significance of this is that the U.S. suffers the highest damage total from natural catastrophes annually. Studies held from 1989–2000 in 50 U.S. cities recorded 1.6% more deaths during cold temperature events, as opposed to a staggering 5.7% increase during heat waves. People are at risk when living in large metropolitan areas, especially those mentioned above, due to the heat island effect. Urban areas suffer heat increases from the combination of global warming effects as well as localized heat island properties. It is flawed to claim that the contribution of anthropogenic heat generation to the heat island effect is small. Analyzing the trend of extreme heat events (EHEs) between 1956 and 2005 showed an increase on average of 0.20 days/year, on a 95% confidence interval with uncertainty of ±0.6. This trend follows the recorded data for 2005 with 10 more heat events per city than in 1956. Compact cities experience an average of 5.6 days of extreme heat conditions annually, compared to that of 14.8 for sprawling cities. The regional climate, city populace, or pace of population growth however does not affect this effect. Statistics from the U.S. Census state that the U.S. population without air conditioning saw a drop of 32% from 1978 to 2005, resting at 15%. Despite the increase in air conditioning use, the positive affects of it may have run their course as a critical point may have been reached. A study done by Kalkstein through 2007 proved that the shielding effects of air conditioning reached their terminal effect in the mid-1990s. Heat-related illnesses and mortality rates have slightly decreased since 1980, regardless of the increase in temperatures. This may be in part to the increase in availability of air conditioning, and other protective measures, to the public. Protective factors have mitigated the danger of heat on those vulnerable to it, however projecting forward the heat increment related to sprawl may exceed physiologic adaptation thresholds.