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1

González-Peñas, Vettorazzi, Lizarraga, Azqueta, and López de Cerain. "Report of the IVth Workshop of the Spanish National Network on Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi and Their Decontamination Processes (MICOFOOD), Held in Pamplona, Spain, 29–31 May 2019." Toxins 11, no. 7 (2019): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070415.

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The present publication collects the communications presented in the IV Workshop of the Spanish National Network on Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi and their Decontamination Processes (MICOFOOD), held in the School of Pharmacy and Nutrition of the Universidad de Navarra (Pamplona, Spain) from the 29 to the 31 May 2019. More than 70 professionals from academia, the industry and public services have participated. The scientific program included: five sessions: sponsors (presentation and services), toxigenic fungi, toxicology, analysis and control, and reduction and prevention strategies. In total
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Variash, Irina. "“The Muslim Question” in 16th Century Spain." ISTORIYA 14, no. 6 (128) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027169-4.

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The article challenges the traditional perception of the negative image of the Muslim period in the mass consciousness of that time, based on the material from “Relaciones Topográficas de Felipe II”. Neither the objects of “Moorish origin”, nor the “Moors” themselves, nor the “Moriscos” had any negative connotations in the perception of the Spanish people in the 16th century. Intellectuals took the lead in reevaluating the historical experiences of that time, which led to the development of national historiography and the emergence of the “Black Legend”, depicting the intense conflict between
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Bilgin, Feridun. "Justifications for the Spanish Invasion of North Africa (16th Century)." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 16, no. 2 (2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol16no2.2.

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The process called Reconquista (Reconquest) in history of Spain succeeded with the occupation of Granada (1492). In order to prevent its lands from becoming “Andalusia” again, the Spanish government established the country’s lines of defense outside the country in North Africa. Considering religious, commercial, political and military reasons a limited occupation policy was implemented in North Africa. Places on strategic North African coasts such as Ceuta, Melilla, Oran and Merselkebir were occupied, and military garrisons (Presedios/Plazas) were established here. With the help of these garri
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Vaquero, José M. "Ball lightning: a Renaissance account from Zafra (Spain)." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 8, no. 1 (2017): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-8-53-2017.

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Abstract. An analysis is given of the account of a globe of fire observed in Zafra (Spain) in the middle of the 16th century. During a strong storm, Conde Don Pedro observed what he described as a globe of fire that was directed against the city and abruptly changed course. He attributed the change in course to a miracle. He described neither any damage nor sound.
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McEwan, Bonnie G. "The role of ceramics in Spain and Spanish America during the 16th century." Historical Archaeology 26, no. 1 (1992): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03374164.

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Borghese, A. "THE LIPIZZANER IN ITALY." Animal Genetic Resources Information 10 (April 1992): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900003308.

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SUMMARYThe Lipizzaner is one of Europe's most ancient breeds; its history goes back to the early 16th century The original stock came from the North of Italy and Spain; six male lines introduced in the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century, from Naples, the Austro-Hungarian empire, Denmark and Arabia upgraded the breed to its actual standard. The Italian national stud of Montemaggiore is perpetrating the Lipizzaner tradition. The horses are kept under extensive grazing conditions and all six “families” (Napolitano,Conversaro, Favory, Pluto, Maestoso and Siglavy) are presen
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Hermanns, Marcus Heinrich. "16th-Century Ship Graffiti on the Town Walls of Eivissa, Balearic Islands, Spain." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 39, no. 1 (2010): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00250.x.

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Batista, E., and J. Hernandez. "The drainage of lake ‘L'Estany’ in Spain." Water Supply 18, no. 1 (2017): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.105.

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Abstract In the 18th century, the practice of drying up the wetlands, marshy or stagnant water areas expanded throughout Europe in order to avoid the malaria fevers that the population periodically suffered and to recover land for farming. This communication describes the current knowledge about the history of the process of drying in various hydrological basins as well as the works in the endorheic lake close to the village of L'Estany, located in the district of the Moianès (Catalonia), in the northeast of Spain. The drying began in the 16th century with drainage channels driven by the Monas
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Santana Pérez, Germán. "Spanish maritime experience in Southern Africa during the Early Modern Period." International Journal of Maritime History 30, no. 4 (2018): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418808498.

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Apparently, the Treaty of Tordesillas dismissed the possibility of Spanish shipping via Africa and the Cape of Good Hope. The preferred route to Asia was via Cape Horn or Acapulco. In this article we will show that access to Southern Africa was not entirely closed to the Spanish between the 16th and 18th centuries. We will analyse shipping in this period and, above all, we will discuss the enlightened reforms of the 18th century that changed the connecting routes between Spain and the Philippines, making them pass through Cape Town, as well as the hostility shown to the Hispanic presence in th
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Ruiz, Jiménez Juan. "Insights into Luis de Narváez and music publishing in 16th. century Spain." Journal of the Lute Society of America 26-27 (January 1, 1998): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8024704.

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Biography of the Granada composer Luys de Narváez, with a focus on his collection of music for vihuela Seys libros del Delphín (published 1538), dedicated to Francisco de los Cabos, secretary to Carlos V, and the privilege granted for the publication of the work, granted to him by the king on 18 May 1537.
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Arbo, Desiree, and Desiree Arbo. "Defining 'Movement' in Global History: The Early Modern Iberian World in a Global Frame (16th-18th centuries)." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2017): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v5i1.195.

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On 9 June 2017, scholars from a range of disciplines across the United Kingdom and Spain met at the University of Warwick to discuss the ways in which taking a global perspective can enrich research on early modern Iberia and colonial Spanish America. Coming at a time when Spanish exceptionalism is being increasingly challenged but the Americas are still being side-lined in the writing of global history, the presenters addressed gaps in current historiography and challenged Eurocentric narratives of early modern history which have predominated since the Enlightenment. The final roundtable call
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Chavarría Múgica, Fernando. "La convivencia de militares y civiles en una ciudad de guarnición renacentista: el ‘Asiento de camas para la tropa’ de Pamplona, 1561-1600." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 12 (June 28, 2023): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2023.12.15.

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RESUMENEl aposento en casas de particulares formaba parte de la vida cotidiana de los soldados de época premoderna. A pesar de los gastos y molestias que esta práctica conllevaba para la población afectada, la interacción entre civiles y militares no tenía por qué dar lugar a abusos o altercados violentos, como suele interpretar la historiografía. La tendencia a tratar el asunto de un modo más anecdótico que analítico ha contribuido a perpetuar este estereotipo. Nuestra investigación cuestiona esta visión simplista y abre la posibilidad de un abordaje crítico de la cuestión. En este artículo s
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Castro, Filipe, Miguel San Claudio Santa Cruz, Nigel Nayling, and Adolfo Miguel Martins. "The Ribadeo I Shipwreck, Galleon “San Giacomo di Galizia”—From Excavation to Interpretation." Heritage 6, no. 2 (2023): 2079–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6020112.

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The Ribadeo shipwreck, identified as the San Giacomo di Galizia, lost in 1597 at Ribadeo, Galicia, Spain, is a unique example of a late 16th century Spanish warship. Brought to Ribadeo in the winter of 1597, this ship was salvaged, all the crew saved, and its remains abandoned. It was found in November 2011 during dredging operations, and it has been studied since. Excavated slowly at the pace allowed by the conservation budget, this site is revealing its secrets as the excavation progresses. This paper is an introduction to the ship’s history and a first report on the archaeological excavatio
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Starr-LeBeau, Gretchen D., and Benzion Netanyahu. "The Marranos of Spain: From the Late 14th to the Early 16th Century According to Contemporary Hebrew Sources." Sixteenth Century Journal 31, no. 1 (2000): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671318.

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Fernández Calzada, Miriam. "«Man is Not a Wolf to Man, but a Human». On the Coexistence of Peoples in Another International Order. Francisco de Vitoria and the School of Salamanca." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 13, no. 1 (2025): 56–74. https://doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2025-13-1-56-74.

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In the 16th century, the Spanish University of Salamanca witnessed one of the most important intellectual events in European history, driven by the historical changes which, in turn, prompted the first wave of globalization that connected the world. It was the creation of the so-called School of Salamanca, a broad movement of philosophers, theologians, jurists, travelers and missionaries who reflected on the most pressing issues of the time: coexistence between different peoples, freedom, slavery, the right to property, just war and many others. Nowadays the globalization is different. In the
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Calatrava, Javier, and Samir Sayadi. "Evolution of Farming Systems in the Mediterranean High Mountain: The Case of the Alpujarra Alta (Spain)." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (2019): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030704.

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In mountainous Mediterranean areas, even at high elevations, the landscapes are generally strongly transformed by humans. Agriculture is a key factor in this because, until very recent times, farming has been the main occupation of its inhabitants and has dominated their history and culture. This study examines the evolution of agroecosystems in the Alpujarra Alta (a set of mountain valleys and ravines, located in south-eastern Spain, within the Penibetic Range), from the Neolithic revolution and the Roman period until the present emphasizing the eight centuries under Muslim rule and the serio
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Moya-Olmedo, Pilar, and María Núñez-González. "Converso Houses in the 16th Century in the Former Jewish Quarter of Seville." Heritage 5, no. 4 (2022): 4174–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040216.

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Vital scenarios in the old Jewish quarter of Seville (Spain) in the 16th Century are analyzed. The objectives of this paper are first, to gather up a brief history of the property of some houses of Conversos (Jews who converted to Christianity in the face of the Inquisition); secondly, to study their layout and their construction relating them to emotions in architecture in a transversal way; thirdly, to make hypothetical plans and elevations (including some digital reconstructions); and, finally, to report their current state of preservation. For these purposes, documents have been consulted
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Dr., Subrata Kumar Mandal. "IMPERIALISM AND COLONIALISM IN ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM 16TH TO 20TH CENTURY." Educreator Research Journal Volume–IX, Issue– III, May – June 2022 (2022): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6706026.

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<em>Colonization is control of power over a dependent area of people. To rule others or to conquer others has been a general&nbsp;episode in the history of Civilization. Modern colonization started in the age of Geographical Discovery.&nbsp; In the modern era it was initiated by Portugal and Spain and the other European powers like England, the Netherlands, France, and Germany followed the trend. They justified colonization on the ground of civilizing the barbaric nations. However, decolonization began around 1914 and it challenged colonial empires till 1975. The idea of&nbsp;colonialism&nbsp;
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Esper, Jan, Claudia Hartl, Ernesto Tejedor, Martin de Luis, Björn Günther, and Ulf Büntgen. "High-Resolution Temperature Variability Reconstructed from Black Pine Tree Ring Densities in Southern Spain." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (2020): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070748.

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The presence of an ancient, high-elevation pine forest in the Natural Park of Sierras de Cazorla in southern Spain, including some trees reaching &gt;700 years, stimulated efforts to develop high-resolution temperature reconstructions in an otherwise drought-dominated region. Here, we present a reconstruction of spring and fall temperature variability derived from black pine tree ring maximum densities reaching back to 1350 Coefficient of Efficiency (CE). The reconstruction is accompanied by large uncertainties resulting from low interseries correlations among the single trees and a limited nu
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Reinoso-Gordo, Juan, Antonio Gámiz-Gordo, and Pedro Barrero-Ortega. "Digital Graphic Documentation and Architectural Heritage: Deformations in a 16th-Century Ceiling of the Pinelo Palace in Seville (Spain)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 2 (2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020085.

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Suitable graphic documentation is essential to ascertain and conserve architectural heritage. For the first time, accurate digital images are provided of a 16th-century wooden ceiling, composed of geometric interlacing patterns, in the Pinelo Palace in Seville. Today, this ceiling suffers from significant deformation. Although there are many publications on the digital documentation of architectural heritage, no graphic studies on this type of deformed ceilings have been presented. This study starts by providing data on the palace history concerning the design of geometric interlacing patterns
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Egío García, José Luis. "Alonso de la Vera Cruz’s Manuals and the University of Mexico in 16th Century: Teaching Theology and Arts from a Missionary Perspective." Revista de História da Sociedade e da Cultura 22, no. 1 (2022): 75–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1645-2259_22-1_3.

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The creation of the University of Mexico (1553) favoured the intensification of the processes of translation of normative knowledge between Europe and America, which had already begun with the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadores and missionaries to the New World. This article offers a synthesis of the recent historiography on the University of colonial Mexico, to be profiled as a missionary Studium, clearly differentiated from the European models with which it has tended to be compared (in particular, Salamanca). Focusing on the printed works of the Augustinian friar Alonso de la Vera
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Piscos, James Lotero. "“Humanizing the Indios” Early Spanish missionaries’ struggles for natives’ dignity: Influences and impact in 16th Century Philippines." Bedan Research Journal 7, no. 1 (2022): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v7i1.36.

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Spanish conquest in the New World has two sides, evangelization, and colonization. The former was carried by the missionaries who were heavily influenced by Bartolome de Las Casa and Vitoria, while the latter by conquistadores, the defenders of the conquest. Early missionaries fought for the dignity of the Indios where they clashed with the motives of the conquistadores to exploit human resources. The problematic part was they have to work under the Spanish crown where their point of contact was also their area for friction. When they arrived in the Philippines, that social solidarity and dyna
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Ahmed, Shaik Mujeeb, Khawla Aldhebaiei, and Majedah Ahmed Alawadhi. "Urban Space Reconstruction under the Influence of Enlightenment Thought." Journal of Progress in Civil Engineering 7, no. 3 (2025): 27–30. https://doi.org/10.53469/jpce.2025.07(03).05.

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The city of Zacatecas, founded in the 16th century and with its unique characteristics of a city without a Renaissance layout, rather a mining city that grew along the course of the stream and the mining benefits, was part of the broader project to explore the mines in northern New Spain. Although it is true that throughout the 16th and 17th centuries architectural spaces were built that defined the physiognomy of the city, we locate a first modern urban transformation at the end of the 18th century, with the so - called Bourbon reforms, and their urban planning project. The first two intendan
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Hernàndez-Cardona, Francesc Xavier, Rafael Sospedra-Roca, and Josep Ramon Casals-Ausió. "Virtual and didactic approach to the defensive heritage of the 16th century Fort of the Trinitat (Roses, Girona)." Virtual Archaeology Review 13, no. 26 (2022): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2022.15733.

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The Trinitat Fort, built in the mid-16th century, is an extraordinary example of European military architecture from the mid-16th century, conceived as an artillery machine, whose mission was to protect the natural port of Roses (Girona, Spain). The fortification had a long history of warfare that ended with the Peninsular War (1808–1814), which turned it into ruins. In 2002, the Roses city council planned an ambitious architectural intervention to recover the fortification. The works restored the overall exterior volumetry, with current construction materials. The large interior spaces result
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Védyushkin, Vladimir. "Madrid in the Late 16th Century: Paradoxes of a City that Suddenly Became a Capital." ISTORIYA 12, no. 9 (107) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017054-8.

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The article analyzes the historical experience of Madrid, which became the capital of Spain in 1561. The reasons for Philip II’s reluctance to establish the capital in Valladolid or Toledo, which previously often served as royal residences, are considered. The analysis of the ideas about Madrid in the texts of such authors of the 16th — early 17th centuries as Luis Cabrera de Córdoba, Lucio Marineo Siculo, Pedro de Medina shows that even before acquiring the capital status, it was a notable city of Castile, which had significant advantages, so that the choice in its favour was logical, althoug
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Duve, Thomas. "V. Salamanca in Amerika." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 132, no. 1 (2015): 116–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga-2015-0108.

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Salamanca in America. Legal History has been interested in the ‘School of Salamanca’ mainly because of its contributions to systematic and dogmatic legal thought. The School was seen as part of the history of legal scholarship. It was because of this perspective that it was considered to be a European phenomenon. In this article, I am proposing a complementary vision of the School. Drawing on an example of how the problem of usura was dealt with in late 16th century New Spain, I call attention to the practical dimension of the School; I intend to highlight its place in a history of ‘finding th
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García García, Francisco, Manuel Ramírez Blanco, Isabel Rodríguez Abad, et al. "GPR technique as a tool for cultural heritage restoration: San Miguel de los Reyes Hieronymite Monastery, 16th century (Valencia, Spain)." Journal of Cultural Heritage 8, no. 1 (2007): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2006.10.005.

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Yanar, Omur. "La epidemia de peste a fines del siglo XVI: un análisis comparativo de los Imperios Otomano y Español." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 20 (2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n20p227.

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Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It has been responsible for widespread pandemics in the world throughout history. In this regard, the plague began to affect the Ottoman Empire in phases from the middle of the 15th century and reached its peak in almost the entire empire at the end of the 16th century. Since it is not possible to deal with this whole process in one article, this article focuses on the end of the 16th century, when the plague intensified in almost the whole empire. However, this article aims to mainly analyse the process, conditions, dyna
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Langella, Simona. "The University of Salamanca in the 16th century: teaching and learning modalities of theology [La Universidad de Salamanca en el siglo XVI: modalidades de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la teología]." Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin 7, no. 8 (2018): a027. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3568664.

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The problem of the theological method and its renewal was strongly imposed in Spain in the first half of the 16th century, precisely because of the excesses in which theology slipped thanks to an improper use of the logic applied to the revealed data. This renewal process took place from 1526 when Francisco de Vitoria obtained the chair as Professor of Prima Theologiae at the University of Salamanca. During his teaching at <em>Alma Mater</em>, Vitoria carried out an intense intellectual activity of reflection on various issues. A sure guide for the discussion of these problems will be Thomas A
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Kirillina, Larisa V. "“Spanish Trace” in the Plot, Libretto, and Stage Performances of Beethoven’s Opera Fidelio." Contemporary Musicology 8, no. 4 (2024): 40–63. https://doi.org/10.56620/2587-9731-2024-4-040-063.

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The article considers the various connections between Ludwig van Beethoven’s opera Fidelio and specific elements pertaining to Spanish culture. According to the libretto, the events take place in a state prison near Seville. Beethoven’s librettists (Joseph Sonnleithner, Stephan von Breuning and Georg Friedrich Treitschke) closely followed the original source, Jean-Nicolas Bouilly’s play Léonore, ou L’amour conjugal, which had originally been set to music by Pierre Gaveaux (Paris, 1798). If Bouilly’s play is designated as a “historical fact” (fait historique), then on the title page of Gaveaux’
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Marcos, Sylvia. "Indigenous Eroticism and Colonial Morality in Mexico: the Confession Manuals of New Spain." Numen 39, no. 2 (1992): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852792x00014.

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AbstractThis article explores the impact of the Conquest on eroticism and the place of the feminine in 16th century indigenous society in Mexico. It shows how this most intimate area of human experience became the battleground of a war that amounted in part to a cultural annihilation. The article analyses one aspect of the missionaries' well-intentioned "battle to save people's souls". Like in previous, internal forms of violent subjugation of one culture by another, the Spaniards destroyed local gods and temples. However, unlike previous "conquerors" who superimposed their beliefs upon local
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Bowerman, Emilie L. "The Spanish Emperors and the True Cross: The Variable Uses of the Lignum Crucis of Sahagún in Early Twelfth-Century Iberia." Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 55, no. 1 (2024): 29–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2024.a941931.

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Abstract: In early twelfth-century Iberia, a monk living at the Leonese monastery of Sahagun recorded in his chronicle how, shortly before the 14th of April 1112, a precious relic was forcibly seized from the monastery. The stolen relic was the lignum crucis of Sahagun, a fragment of the wood of the True Cross that King Alfonso VI of Leon-Castilla (r. 10651109) had received from the Byzantine emperor and then donated to Sahagun in 1101. The accused thief was Alfonso I "el Batallador" of Aragon-Pamplona (r. 1104–34), son-in-law of Alfonso VI and a successor to the deceased monarch's claim to be
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Prokopiev, Andrei Yu, and Tatiana G. Tairova. "New Edition of the Travel Notes of Erich Lassota von Steblau." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 2 (2022): 648–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.220.

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The review analyzes the new edition of the travel notes of the Silesian nobleman Erich Lassota von Steblau (1550–1616). It was prepared by an international team of authors from Scandinavia and Germany led by Thomas Riis. Lassota’s travel notes are the most important source on the history of the 16th century and a number of European countries. Lassota traveled as a mercenary commander and diplomat to Spain, Portugal, Poland, Sweden, and Ukraine. Until now, only historians of these countries have been interested in his testimonies. The focus of researches was mainly on ethnographic and political
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Gao, Bo. "Sacred Orientalism: A Particular Mode of Missionary Ethnographic Thinking and Poetics on Juan González de Mendoza’s Chinese Ethnography." Religions 15, no. 12 (2024): 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121462.

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Mendoza’s History of the Great Empire of China constitutes a notable contribution to the history of the literary relationship between China and Spain. First published in Rome in 1585, the work has exerted a profound influence on international scholarship over the past four centuries. From the perspective of the evolution of Western perceptions of China, contemporary scholars have primarily assessed this text on the basis of Mendoza’s elevation of Europe’s admiration of China from a material to a spiritual dimension. This paper introduces a new perspective on Mendoza’s significant contribution
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García-Ahumada, Francisco, and Cristina Gonzalez-Gaya. "The Contribution of the Segovia Mint Factory to the History of Manufacturing as an Example of Mass Production in the 16th Century." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (2019): 5349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245349.

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A new means of minting currency was first used at the Hall Mint in Tyrol in 1567. This new minting process employed a roller instead of a hammer and used hydropower to fuel the laminating and coining mills, as well as ancillary equipment, such as the forge or the lathe. In 1577, Philip II of Spain expressed his interest in the new technology and, after a successful technology transfer negotiation with the County of Tyrol, Juan de Herrera was commissioned to design a factory to accommodate this new minting process. The resulting design seamlessly integrated this new technology. The architectura
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Vanegas, Gabriel, and Siegfried Zielinski. "Back to the Future in a Place Called America." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 2, no. 1 (2013): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v2i1.121136.

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&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Our media and current technologies are the result of a global form established by Western thought. This thought, as in many parts of the world was imposed particularly in The New Spain in the discovery by Christoph Columbus in the late 16th century. Before the European contact, pre-America had a different way of thinking to the West and therefore a different development and understanding of concepts such as media, technology, time, body and space. On one hand the official history shows a pre-Columbian poor picture in technological developments, but on the other hand archae
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Bernadó Ferrer, Gemma. "Miguel Antonio Caro and the (Trans)Formations of Classical Tradition in Colombia." Pnyx: Journal of Classical Studies 1, no. 1 (2022): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55760/pnyx.2022.6.

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This paper highlights a unique phenomenon in Colombia, the entanglement between Latin and power, epitomised by the pivotal role of President and Latinist Miguel Antonio Caro. The study of Classics arrived in the territory with the first conquerors from Spain at the end of the 16th century and Caro stands on the shoulders of a long Classical tradition in New Granada. A member of the Conservative Party and a humanist, he was widely known for his work and contribution in the Political Constitution of the Republic of Colombia of 1886 and his central role in the formation of the modern state of Col
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Bolufer, Monica. "A centuries-long enslavement? Gender and Islam in the Hispanic Enlightenment: an exploratory approach." Diciottesimo Secolo 7 (November 18, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ds-13260.

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This article explores the role of gender in the construction of images of Islam in the Hispanic Enlightenment. Although Spanish Arabism has been largely neglected in international historiography, research has proved that Spanish erudites since the 16th century had an important role in the study of the Arabic language and sources; also, interest in the Islamic world was popularized via fictional works and coverage in newspapers and journals. Spain is a distinctive and particularly interesting case within European Orientalism because Islam was part of its history and cultural legacy and a close
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Gao, Bo. "The Evangelical Aim in the History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China by Juan González de Mendoza, a 16th Century European Work on China." Religions 15, no. 5 (2024): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15050517.

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For over five centuries, the History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China, written by Spanish missionary Juan González de Mendoza and published in 1585 in Rome, has captured the interest of the international academic community. However, scholarship has primarily focused on Mendoza’s depiction of China as rich and powerful, potentially overlooking the evangelical purpose of his narrative and failing to explain the correlation between the positive Chinese image and the author’s evangelical intention. This study aims to clarify the image of China presented by the Spanish author through a deta
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Espinosa Pesqueira, Manuel E., and Elsa Arroyo Lemus. "The Use of Smalt in Simon Pereyns Panel Paintings: Intentional Use and Color Changes." MRS Proceedings 1618 (2014): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.462.

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ABSTRACTThe Flemish painter Simón Pereyns travelled to New Spain in 1566 as a member of the viceroyal court. In two important paintings La Virgen del Perdón (1568) and San Cristóbal (1588) we identified wide use of blue smalt pigment, a potassium glass with cobalt oxide. The color of this material depends on its manufacture process, from pale greyish blue to violet or dark blue. The more blue color the more expensive the pigment. On the 16th century market the commerce of smalt was divided into many categories based on the material quality. Historical archive documents testify smalt imports fr
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Novikova, Ekaterina S. "Sofonisba Anguissola: “Celebre”, “Forgotten” or “Great”? The Main Problems in the Historiography of Creativity." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 3 (2024): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.306.

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Every year the women’s art becomes more and more relevant issue: interest to the women’s art in common and to its individual representatives is growing. Sofonisba Anguissola, due to a lot of documentary evidences and a fairly large pictorial heritage, is an important figure for understanding the general problems of female creativity in the 16th century. In Russia, the artist is still little known, and information about her in works is mostly very general and often contains inaccuracies and errors, which determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of this article is to analyze the histor
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Shatokhina-Mordvintseva, Galina. "The Creator of the Utrecht Union in the Shadow of the “Father of the Nation”: Count Jan van Nassau." ISTORIYA 15, no. 8 (142) (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840031937-9.

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The purpose of the article is to generate the researchers’ interest for a unique and practically unexplored source of the period of the Dutch Revolution of the 16th century — the “Union of Utrecht” (1579). Based on the published original text, the author analyzes the articles of the document, divides them into groups and gives a description of each of them. For the first time in Russian historiography, considerable attention is paid to the personality of William I of Orange’s younger brother, Jan van Nassau (John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg,1536—1606). In 1578—1581 he held the post of stadhouder o
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HENAFF, MARCEL. "Religious Ethics, Gift Exchange and Capitalism." European Journal of Sociology 44, no. 3 (2003): 293–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975603001309.

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This study intends to reread Max Weber's Protestant Ethic with the following question in mind: where is the Catholic ethic with respect to “the spirit of capitalism”? The few short comments that Weber makes on this topic nevertheless suggest an interesting notion which he had developed in earlier texts, i.e., the “religious ethic of brotherhood”. I intend to show here that this notion could be further illuminated by the findings of the anthropology of gift giving since Marcel Mauss. This would enable us to understand how the problem of grace, so central to the debate between Protestants and Ca
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Dubrovskaya, Dinara V. "From Papal Envoys to Martyrs of the Faith: An Attempt in Generalization of Franciscan preaching in China in the 13th– 18th Centuries." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016686-1.

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The article is an attempt to systematize the preaching of the Franciscan order in China, starting with the papal embassies to the Great Khans who conquered the Middle Empire and founded the Yuan dynasty until the end of the 20th century. The author groups the information into several major periods, suggesting a five-stage periodization of the Franciscan presence in the Far East. A change in the preaching paradigm is noted during the 700 centuries of the fickle Minorites’ presence in China. While the first reconnaissance missions, achieving modest success in preaching to non-Chinese subjects of
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Budi, Syah. "Akar Historis dan Perkembangan Islam di Inggris." TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (2018): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.76.

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This paper will reveal the historical roots and Islamic development in British. The discussion covers various areas of study pertaining to historical situations. The study tends to focus on the search for the historical roots of Islam in the 7th to 15th and 16th-17th centuries, and also the development of Islamic institutions in British contemporer.The historical roots of Islam in Britain have existed since the discovery of several coins with the words 'laa ilaaha illallah' belonging to the King of Central England, Offa of Mercia, who died in 796. The history records that this Anglo Saxon King
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Budi, Syah. "AKAR HISTORIS DAN PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI INGGRIS." Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (2018): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/tasamuh.40.

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This paper will reveal the historical roots and Islamic development in British. The discussion covers various areas of study pertaining to historical situations. The study tends to focus on the search for the historical roots of Islam in the 7th to 15th and 16th-17th centuries, and also the development of Islamic institutions in British contemporer.The historical roots of Islam in Britain have existed since the discovery of several coins with the words 'laa ilaaha illallah' belonging to the King of Central England, Offa of Mercia, who died in 796. The history records that this Anglo Saxon King
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Somoza Medina, Xosé, and Carlos Emilio Relea Fernández. "Culture as a Resilient and Sustainable Strategy in Small Cities." Sustainability 16, no. 17 (2024): 7582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16177582.

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This article studies the recent evolution of five cases of small cities in the interior of Spain that several decades ago invested in culture as a strategy to maintain their populations and increase the quality of life of their inhabitants. These are case studies of differentiated characteristics in which the analysis of their evolution offers important keys for developing cultural policies in any small city in the world. The examples of Allariz, Almagro, Astorga, Puigcerdá and Trujillo allow for the corroboration of how betting on culture as a resilient and sustainable strategy generates posi
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Javed, Muhammad. "A Study of Elizabethan Period (1558-1603)." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 6, no. 2 (2020): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v6i2.174.

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In this study, the researcher has mentioned the writers and their major works in Elizabethan age (1558-1603). The researcher has mentioned almost nineteen writers and their famous works. By reading this research paper, any general reader can easily understand that who are the major writers of the age and what are their famous works. The language and method of presenting the data are very easy. The researcher also has mentioned the major contributions of this era’s writers. As we know that University Wits also fall in this era, thus the researcher has mentioned them and their works too. S. Dutt
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Lee, Eun-Hae. "Spain’s Sociocultural Cross Section Seen Through Santa Teresa de Jesus’ Inquisitorial Process." Korea Association of World History and Culture 73 (December 31, 2024): 329–58. https://doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2024.12.73.329.

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Santa Teresa, known today as the Saint of Avila, was active throughout Spain in the mid-16th century when the banner of the reactionary Reformation was in full swing. She pioneered a reform monastic order called the Order of the Barefoot Carmen and founded 17 monasteries throughout Castile and Andalusia. It showed the history of its establishment. However, one of the major events that brought her to the public eye was her involvement in the Inquisition case, which was constantly brought up because of her similarity to the Alumbrados who had taken the Castile region by storm. Meanwhile, the law
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Souza Simões, Sandro Alex. "El neoescolasticismo ibérico y la polémica de Domingo de Soto contra las restricciones al derecho de migración en el siglo XVI." Classica Boliviana, no. XII (December 31, 2023): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.62774/rcbxii165.

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Resumen En el debate sobre la reforma asistencial que surgió del humanismo europeo en el siglo XVI, en medio de los retos de afrontar la pobreza creciente en varios países, entre ellos España, el desplazamiento de parte de la población, a saber, los mendigos y los desempleados, se convierte en un problema relevante para desafiar la creciente actividad legislativa. En polémica con nuevos reglamentos nacientes, el neoescolasticismo ibérico pretende reconocer las migraciones como un elemento universal para el hombre y su historia, y establecer el derecho a migrar y moverse como un derecho pertene
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