Articles de revues : « Paris (France) – 1945- »

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Andrews, Naomi J., Simon Jackson, Jessica Wardhaugh, Shannon Fogg, Jessica Lynne Pearson, Elizabeth Campbell, Laura Levine Frader, Joshua Cole, Elizabeth A. Foster et Owen White. « Book Reviews ». French Politics, Culture & ; Society 37, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2019) : 123–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2019.370307.

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Silyane Larcher, L’Autre Citoyen: L’idéal républicain et les Antilles après l’esclavage (Paris: Armand Colin, 2014).Elizabeth Heath, Wine, Sugar, and the Making of Modern France: Global Economic Crisis and the Racialization of French Citizenship, 1870–1910 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Rebecca Scales, Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921–1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).Claire Zalc, Dénaturalisés: Les retraits de nationalité sous Vichy (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2016).Bertram M. Gordon, War Tourism: Second World War France from Defeat and Occupation to the Creation of Heritage (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018).Shannon L. Fogg, Stealing Home: Looting, Restitution, and Reconstructing Jewish Lives in France, 1942–1947 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Sarah Fishman, From Vichy to the Sexual Revolution: Gender and Family Life in Postwar France (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017).Frederick Cooper, Citizenship between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945–1960 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014).Jessica Lynne Pearson, The Colonial Politics of Global Health: France and the United Nations in Postwar Africa (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018). Darcie Fontaine, Decolonizing Christianity: Religion and the End of Empire in France and Algeria (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016).

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Lelièvre, Éva, et Catherine Bonvalet. « Mobilité en France et à Paris depuis 1945 : bilan résidentiel d'une génération ». Population Vol. 44, n^o 3 (1 mars 1989) : 531–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1989.44n3.0559.

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Résumé Bonvalet Catherine et Lelièvre Éva. - Mobilité en France et à Paris depuis 1945. Bilan résidentiel d'une génération. L'INED dispose de 2 enquêtes rétrospectives, Tune nationale sur l'histoire migratoire, professionnelle et familiale des générations 1911-1935 (enquête 3B) et l'autre sur la Région parisienne concernant les générations 1926-1935 (enquête PDP). Il a donc semblé intéressant, à côté de bilans migratoires tirés de recensements, de dresser le bilan résidentiel d'une génération et d'évaluer à partir d'un groupe d'individus l'impact de Paris dans le processus de migration. Le nombre moyen de logements habités plus d'un an s'élève dans les 2 enquêtes à 3 logements à 45 ans. Des différences apparaissent nettement selon l'état matrimonial et le nombre d'enfants. Plus l'individu a connu d'événements familiaux, plus sa mobilité a été forte. La particularité de la région parisienne s'affirme nettement quand on analyse le statut d'occupation. Si les Parisiens possèdent moins souvent leur résidence principale, ils sont en fait autant propriétaires, mais la constitution de leur patrimoine immobilier ne passe pas forcément par l'acquisition de leur résidence principale.

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Sprout, Leslie A. « The 1945 Stravinsky Debates : Nigg, Messiaen, and the Early Cold War in France ». Journal of Musicology 26, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2009) : 85–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2009.26.1.85.

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Abstract In spring 1945, a small group of students, among them Serge Nigg and Pierre Boulez, protested during the first performances in liberated Paris of the neoclassical works Stravinsky had composed in America. Whereas Boulez's biographers have interpreted the student protests as a sign of Renéé Leibowitz's successful promotion of serialism in France, scholars of the Cold War have seen the 1945 concerts as a precursor to Stravinsky's participation in the 1952 L'ŒŒuvre du XXe sièècle, a festival in Paris indirectly funded by the CIA. These interpretations subsume the immediate postwar period in France within a synchronic view of the early Cold War era. But the 1945 protests against Stravinsky were not about the decisive embrace of a single musical style; rather, they were about the desire of young French composers to play an active role in shaping the postwar future of music in France. In 1945, Nigg——and not Boulez——represented the aesthetic opinions of a generation of French composers who had grown up during the German occupation of Paris and the political aspirations of those who, like Nigg, flocked to the French Communist Party at war's end. Nigg's participation in the 1945 Stravinsky debates gives us occasion to examine his earliest musical compositions and the political opinions he would express with increasing ideological fervor in the 1950s. Although in verbal pronouncements he supported socialist realism, Nigg's rare and complex use of a French folk tune in his 1954 Piano Concerto betrays his ambivalence about the Soviet demand for communist composers to reject "falsely cosmopolitan tendencies" in favor of their national cultural heritage. Having rejected in 1945 both Stravinsky's neoclassicism and French nationalism (the latter tainted by associations with Vichy during the occupation), Nigg had to choose in the early Cold War between his aesthetic and political loyalties.

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Bonvalet, Catherine, Éva Lelièvre et Eva Lelievre. « Mobilité en France et a Paris depuis 1945. Le filtre parisien ». Population (French Edition) 46, n^o 5 (septembre 1991) : 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533457.

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Lelièvre, Éva, et Catherine Bonvalet. « Mobilité en France et à Paris depuis 1945. Le filtre parisien ». Population Vol. 46, n^o 5 (1 mai 1991) : 1161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1991.46n5.1183.

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Résumé Bonvalet Catherine, Lelièvre Eva. - Mobilité en France et à Paris depuis 1945. Le filtre parisien Ce deuxième article basé sur la confrontation des données des deux enquêtes de FINED, présente en détail les résultats que l'on peut tirer d'une mise en perspective de données locales dans le contexte national. Des particularismes régionaux sont mis en évidence ainsi que le rôle primordial de la Région parisienne dans l'organisation des migrations mais aussi, dans la structuration économique cl sociale de l'espace national. Le rôle de filtre de la Région parisienne est analysé : elle attire les jeunes provinciaux, mais laisse rapidement repartir une partie d'entre eux le plus souvent vers leur région d'origine. Les caractéristiques familiales des résidents sont d'une part la résultante de migrations différentielles des couples et des célibataires, d'autre part déterminées par d'autres facteurs comme la fécondité (cette dernière est plus basse en Région parisienne que l'on soit natif de cette région ou migrant). La comparaison non seulement des trajectoires résidentielles des individus mais également leur trajectoire sociale, montre combien mobilité géographique et mobilité sociale sont deux phénomènes liés. Paris apparaît nettement comme le lieu privilégié des réussites sociales.

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Bonvalet, Catherine, Éva Lelièvre et Eva Lelievre. « Mobilité en France et à Paris depuis 1945 : bilan résidentiel d'une génération ». Population (French Edition) 44, n^o 3 (mai 1989) : 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533417.

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Walczak, Henryk. « Działalność Victora Cǎdere – posła rumuńskiego w Polsce na tle relacji Warszawa–Bukareszt (1932–1935) ». Polish Biographical Studies 1, n^o 9 (31 décembre 2021) : 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/pbs.2021.04.

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Victor Cădere (born 1891) was a Romanian lawyer, civil servant, diplomat and politician. He participated as an officer in the war with Bulgaria (1913) and in the I-st World War (1916–1918). Then he was at the peace conference in Paris as part of the Romanian delegation. In the years 1919–1921 he was dealing with the repatriation of Romanians from the USA and Russia. After returning to the country, in 1925, he began an academic career, which he continued with interruptions until his death in France in 1981. At that time, he was an activist of the peasant party and a member of the Chamber of Deputies. In the years 1930–1932 he held high official positions in the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior. In 1932, he began his career as a diplomat. His first post was Warsaw, where he was to watch over the matters of the Romanian-Polish alliance securing both countries against the threat from the USSR. Before he actually took office, however, he became the Romanian negotiator on the non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, but risked Nicolae Titulescu – an influential diplomat and politician who opposed them and soon became Cădere’s superior, i.e. the minister of foreign affairs. After settling in Warsaw, the new MP tried to work for the development of the alliance. However, he encountered obstacles on the part of Titulescu, who wanted to loosen his ties with the Republic of Poland and bring him closer to Moscow. This affected the fate of Cădere, who was dismissed in July 1935. His diplomatic career slowed down. He took up another post – in Belgrade – only after the fall of Titulescu in 1936, then he was a member of parliament in Lisbon (1941–1944). From 1945 to 1967 he stayed in Romania. In the years 1952- 1956 he was imprisoned by the communist authorities. In 1967 he remained in exile in France.

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Santoni, George. « Représentations cinématographiques de l'enfance en France : faut-il parler d'américanisation ? » Tocqueville Review 15, n^o 2 (janvier 1994) : 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.15.2.41.

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Pour observer l'évolution de l'enfonce française depuis 1945, je propose, en prenant des raccourcis brutaux, une courte promenade non pas à travers sa sociologie ou son anthropologie mais à travers sa représentation cinématographique en m'arrêtant sur quelques séquences où les metteurs en scène ont fait directement ou indirectement intervenir l'Amérique. Une lente promenade serait pleine d'embûches : d'une part de quels enfants parle-t-on ? Des riches, des pauvres, ceux de Dijon, de Paris, de la campagne ou ceux des banlieues chaudes et à quelle période?

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Chmielewski, Witold. « Wyższe Studium Polskie przy Bibliotece Polskiej w Paryżu w 1945 roku ». Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, n^o 34 (12 octobre 2018) : 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2016.34.4.

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Following the German occupation of the French capital city, an idea sprang up in the Polish intellectual circles to intensify propagation of Polish culture and knowledge of Poland among young Polish and French people. This concept was to be implemented in the Polish Library in Paris by a series of lectures organized by the Department of Science of the Polish YMCA1 in France in late 1944. The success of the lectures encouraged the Polish Library to launch the Polish College with the goal of making available to primarily Polish youth, studying and working in Paris, the achievements of Polish science and culture and to prepare the young people for work in Poland. The curriculum was developed and, as expected, the College’s operations were financed by the YMCA. Wacław Grzybowski, Ph.D., a former ambassador of Poland to the USSR, was appointed director of the College. The lecturers included illustrious intellectuals: priest Augustyn Jakubisiak, Ph.D., Franciszek Pułaski, Zygmunt Dygat, Irena Gałęzowska, Wieńczysław d’Ercville and many other. The College enjoyed considerable popularity among the students. The changing political situation in Poland put a stop to the promising operations of the College. To some extent, it was continued in the Catholic University of Paris ( the Institut Catholique de Paris). Since 1945, the University hosted the Centre for Slavic Studies where the Polish Section (Section Polonaise) was established. It is worth emphasising that an ambitious attempt at establishing studies for young Poles abroad was made in Madrid, on the initiative of the Polish ambassador, count Józef Potocki, representing in Spain the Polish government in London.

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Déloye, Yves. « Chronique d’un impérialisme feutré ». 20 & ; 21. Revue d'histoire N° 158, n^o 2 (26 janvier 2024) : 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vin.158.0087.

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L’enquête menée entend contribuer à une histoire sociale de la science politique française au travers d’un cycle de formation doctorale : celui mis en place par la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (FNSP) à l’Institut d’études politiques (IEP) de Paris au milieu des années 1950 sous le nom de « cycle supérieur d’études politiques ». La création de ce cycle, comme les choix pédagogiques qui y sont associés, permet de retracer les conflits institutionnels qui existent à cette époque entre la FNSP, née en 1945, et le monde des facultés de droit (notoirement celle de Paris) qui entendent revendiquer alors le monopole de l’enseignement de la science politique en France.

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Salas, Denis. « Céline ou le martyr de la collaboration ». Les Cahiers de la Justice N° 3, n^o 3 (13 septembre 2023) : 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cdlj.2303.0531.

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Résumé En juillet 1944, Céline quitte Paris pour se réfugier au Danemark où il arrivera non sans mal en mars 1945. Au cours de cette longue fuite, il traverse une Allemagne sous les bombes, séjourne à Baden-Baden, se réfugie à Sigmaringen où se trouvent Pétain et Laval. Un leitmotiv domine l'écriture torrentielle des trois récits qui composent la trilogie allemande, son œuvre ultime consacrée à cette période (D'un Château l'autre, Nord, Rigodon) et dont il est question dans cet article : se défendre coûte que coûte contre l'injuste accusation qui, selon lui, le poursuit. De ces pages brûlées au feu de la persécution se dégage un scénario qui vise à conjurer toute confrontation avec la loi. À son retour en France, il continuera à plaider sa cause et trouvera des juges indulgents qu'il n'espérait plus.

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BIZOT, A., T. QUATRESOLS, A. JURY et C. CINO. « Les Rochambelles ». Médecine et Armées Vol.49 No.3, Volume 49, Numéro 3 (18 septembre 2023) : 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.7906.

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En 1942, Florence Conrard, une riche américaine francophile, décida de créer un groupe composé de femmes. Elles se destinent à rallier l’armée de la France Libre et soutenir médicalement les soldats stationnés outre-Atlantique partis délivrer la France des griffes de l’Allemagne Nazie. Après une sélection et des mois d’entraînement, le groupe baptisé « Groupe Rochambeau » se rend au nord de l’Afrique à Casablanca avec 19 ambulances. Leur but est d’y rencontrer le général Leclerc et d’intégrer la célèbre 2e division blindée surnommée « la division Leclerc ». Le général approuve sous réserve de les voir en action, et seulement jusqu’à Paris. Après avoir fait leurs preuves, elles sont vite acceptées par la division ; certains soldats les appellent même « nos Rochambelles ». De Casablanca, elles embarquent pour l’Angleterre en l’attente de participer à la plus grande opération militaire de tous les temps : l’opération « Overlord ». Sous ce nom de code désignant le débarquement, puis la grande bataille de Normandie, servent près de 3 millions de soldats. Elles débarquent avec leurs ambulances dans la nuit du 31 juillet au 1er août 1944 avec le reste de la division. Elles mènent campagne jusqu’à Paris au prix de leur sang comme tant d’autres soldats. Mais, face à leur indispensabilité, Leclerc les garde jusqu’en Allemagne, plus précisément jusqu’au nid d’aigle à Berchtesgaden, signant la fin de l’engagement de la 2e Division Blindée le 4 mai 1945. Certaines d’entre elles continueront même le combat jusqu’en Indochine. Par leurs actions, les Rochambelles participent également à l’avancée de la cause féminine dans une époque où les femmes sont peu reconnues et disposent de moins de droits que les hommes. Elles prouvent au monde entier que les femmes peuvent aussi se battre pour la liberté et la démocratie.

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Alexeevich, Andreev Alexander, et Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. « Henri Marie Rene Leriche – a French surgeon and physiologist, member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (to the 140th of birthday) ». Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, n^o 3 (3 juin 2019) : 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-3-206-206.

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Rene Lerish was born in 1879, graduated from the Maristes School. In 1893 he received a bachelor's degree in rhetoric. In the years 1899-1900 Lerish served military service. In 1902, after graduating from the Faculty of Medicine in Lyon, he worked as an external student. In 1906, Lerish wrote a doctoral thesis on gastric resection for cancer. In the First World War, Lerish was at the front, where, among other things, he headed the school for the improvement of military field surgeons, wrote a number of works on the treatment of fractures, suggested organizing a center for vascular surgery. After the war, Leriche worked in Lyon until 1924, when he received the department of clinical surgery at the University of Strasbourg. In 1937, he took the place of professor at the College de France. Rene Leriche investigated the problem of pain, studied the sympathetic nervous system, including. Leriche developed access to the parathyroid glands, methods of resection of the stomach and treatment of trophic ulcers with varicose veins, periarterial sympathectomy (1913), operations for endarteritis obliterans and post-thrombophlebitic syndrome, described the syndrome of Leriche and proposed a method for its treatment. His work has also been devoted to problems of orthopedics, surgical endocrinology and anesthesiology. Leriche was the author of the concept, which called for restoring not so much the structure, but the function of the affected organ. Returning to Lyon in 1940, he resigned from the post of Minister of Health and until 1952 worked at the Center for Vascular Surgery in Lyon. He was the founder and first president of the European Society of Cardiovascular Surgeons. In 1955, Rene Lerish died. He published about 1,200 scientific papers, including 21 monographs. Leriche was a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1945), the National Academy of Medicine and the Academy of Surgery of France (1946), received the title of honorary doctor of thirty foreign universities. In 1958 in France a postage stamp was issued with his name and a portrait on it.

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Weiss, Stéphane. « Musiques et chants des combattants français des fronts de l’Atlantique, 1944-1945 ». Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest 131-4 (2024) : 129–54. https://doi.org/10.4000/136mf.

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Au cours de la Seconde guerre mondiale, la libération de la France ne se résuma pas au débarquement de Normandie puis à la libération de Paris. Loin du front principal, la guerre se prolongea jusqu’en mai 1945 autour de réduits allemands jalonnant la façade maritime française, du Médoc à la Bretagne et à Dunkerque. Dès l’automne 1944, l’évocation de ces poches de l’Atlantique s’est fréquemment résumée en une expression : celle de fronts oubliés. Pour les combattants français et alliés concernés, l’heure fut à l’attente durant de longs mois, pendant lesquels l’ennui et la démoralisation furent aussi craints que l’adversaire. Le fait est qu’ils chantèrent pour s’occuper ou chasser les doutes.Que chantèrent-ils ? Cet article propose de se pencher sur leurs répertoires et leur contexte d’emploi ou de production. Il mobilise deux sources singulières : cinq bulletins édités sur les fronts charentais et la collection de chants de 1939-1945 réunie par le musicologue Paul Arma. Ces chants se sont pour la plupart inscrits dans une pratique immémoriale : le détournement d’airs connus en y plaquant de nouvelles paroles. Considérer ces chants permet d’élargir le spectre d’étude des poches de l’Atlantique, en s’ouvrant à une histoire sociale, dans la marginalité relative d’un espace où la guerre perdurait tandis que le pays alentour avait déjà recouvré la liberté.

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Guba, David A. « Alexandre Marchant, L’Impossible prohibition : Drogues et toxicomanie en France 1945–2017. Paris : Perrin, 2018. » Social History of Alcohol and Drugs 35, n^o 1 (1 mars 2021) : 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/705731.

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Nordmann, Sophie. « Le renouveau de la pensée juive en France après 1945 : l’École juive de Paris ». École pratique des hautes études. Section des sciences religieuses, n^o 124 (1 septembre 2017) : 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/asr.1662.

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Freundschuh, Aaron, Jonah D. Levy, Patricia Lorcin, Alexis Spire, Steven Zdatny, Caroline Ford, Minayo Nasiali, George Ross, William Poulin-Deltour et Kathryn Kleppinger. « Book Reviews ». French Politics, Culture & ; Society 38, n^o 1 (1 mars 2020) : 129–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2020.380107.

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Nicholas Hewitt, Montmartre: A Cultural History (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2017).David Spector, La Gauche, la droite, et le marché: Histoire d’une idée controversée (XIXe–XXIe siècle) (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2017)Graham M. Jones, Magic’s Reason: An Anthropology of Analogy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017).Minayo Nasiali, Native to the Republic: Empire, Social Citizenship, and Everyday Life in Marseille since 1945 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2016).Joseph Bohling, The Sober Revolution: Appellation Wine and the Transformation of France (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2018).Venus Bivar, Organic Resistance: The Struggle over Industrial Farming in Postwar France (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018).Todd Shepard, Sex, France, and Arab Men, 1962–1979 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017).Donald Reid, Opening the Gates: The Lip Affair, 1968–1981 (London: Verso, 2018).Bruno Perreau, Queer Theory: The French Response (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016).Oana Sabo, The Migrant Canon in Twenty-First-Century France (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018).

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Couderc, Agathe. « Guillaume POLLACK, L’armée du silence. Histoire des réseaux de résistance en France 1940-1945 , Paris, Tallandier, 2022, 543 p. » Études françaises de renseignement et de cyber N° 2, n^o 1 (4 juin 2024) : 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/efrc.232.0313.

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Hutinet, Marius. « Guillaume Pollack, L’armée du silence, histoire des réseaux de Résistance en France, 1940-1945, Paris, Tallandier, 2022, 544 p. » Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains N° 290, n^o 2 (31 mai 2023) : 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gmcc.290.0146.

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Jarząbek, Wanda. « Compliance of Interests ? The Problem of the United Germany’s Borders in Polish-French Political Relations between 1989 and 1990 ». Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, n^o 28 (17 décembre 2020) : 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2020.28.15.

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During the period of reunification of the two German states in the declining period of the Cold War, France and Poland collaborated on issues related to the reunification conditions, in particular the borders of the united Germany. France’s policy was based on political calculations and was a continuation of the line taken by Paris with regard to the German issue after 1945. A certain similarity of the positions of the two states on the final shape of the borders was visible even before the beginning of the 2 + 4 process. France has not withdrawn from its border declarations of the 1950s. At the crucial moment, when Germany was being reunited, it made efforts to take the voices of Germany’s neighbours into account and held regular consultations with Poland.

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Therme, Clément. « La politique étrangère de la France depuis 1945 / Frédéric Bozo, Paris, Flammarion, 2012, 310 p. » Revue internationale et stratégique 87, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2012) : I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ris.087.0131a.

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FILIPOVICH, JEAN. « DESTINED TO FAIL : FORCED SETTLEMENT AT THE OFFICE DU NIGER, 1926–45 ». Journal of African History 42, n^o 2 (juillet 2001) : 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853701007824.

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Mali's Office du Niger was conceived on a monumental scale to produce cotton for the French textile industry after the First World War. Undaunted by the conspicuous absence of both manpower and a viable crop, Émile Bélime, the scheme's originator and presiding genius, believed colonial authorities could compel people from all over French West Africa to settle there. Under pressure from Paris, local administrators became his recruiting agents, forcibly resettling some 30,000 Africans by 1945, when the colonial ministry privately declared the scheme an unqualified failure. In 1960, France recycled the project as a prototype of disinterested aid to a developing country.

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Gaitniece, Lāsma, et Alīda Zigmunde. « Achievements of Engineer, Entrepreneur and Teacher Jānis Baumanis (1878–1945) ». History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 3 (15 octobre 2019) : 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2019.004.

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The article is devoted to engineer, teacher and one of mayors of Lie- pāja City Municipality – Jānis Baumanis – who obtained university education not only at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), but also at the University of Electricity (Ecole supérieure d’electricité) in Paris, France. The biography of J. Baumanis shows that he has been purposeful, feared no challenge and has repeatedly proved himself as entrepreneur establishing and successfully managing companies. These qualities also describe J. Baumanis as the Mayor of Liepāja City Municipality, but the desire to take initiative in implementing various, brave at that time, ideas were interfering, thus he held the position less than a year. After resigning, he left Liepāja city for Riga, where he worked for a company and turned to pedagogical work. The aim of the article is to summarize the life of J. Baumanis and to discover his achievements in various fields of activity.

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Wallace, William. « Rescue or Retreat ? The Nation State in Western Europe, 1945–93 ». Political Studies 42, n^o 1_suppl (août 1994) : 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1994.tb00005.x.

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‘My first guideline is this: willing and active cooperation between independent sovereign states is the best way to build a successful European Community. To try to suppress nationhood and concentrate power at the centre of a European conglomerate would be highly damaging. … Europe will be stronger precisely because it has France as France, Spain as Spain, Britain as Britain, each with its own customs, traditions and identity.’ Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister, speech to College of Europe in Bruges, 20 September 1988. ‘The nation state was the twin of the industrial society, and like industrial society it is becoming outworn. … The evolution of Europe in the next decades will be shaped by the phasing in of the information society to replace the industrial culture and industrial technology which have served us so well for almost two hundred years. Poul Schluter, Danish Prime Minister, speech to the America–European Community Association, London, 20 September 1988. ‘Nations are not everlasting. They have a beginning, they will have an end. Probably a European confederation will replace them.’ Ernest Renan, Qu'est-ce qu'une nation? Lecture to Sorbonne, Paris, 11 March 1882. ‘Both the nation state and integration appear as fortunate accidents of the time, fundamentally contradictory tendencies, which nevertheless in promoting economic growth fortuitously complemented each other.’ Alan Milward, The European Rescue of the Nation State (London, Routledge, 1992), p. 24.

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BABICH, I. L., et J. SCHNELLE. « JAMAL BEY ALBOGACHIEV : PUBLIC AND POLITICAL LIFE IN EMIGRATION ». Kavkazologiya, n^o 4 (2021) : 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2021-4-154-170.

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The aim of this article is study social and political activities by ingush Jamal Albogachiev (1894–1949). This is the first study of this person. This article is based on the archives from France and Germany. Albogachiev was educated in Europe, knew European languages, and became a member of the Foreign Delegation of the Mountain Republic (Versailles, 1919). He married a German woman from Berlin. In 1921–1928 he and his family lived in Germany. In France (1929–1942) Albogaciev lived alone. He collaborated with many public figures: Ali Mardan Topchibashi, brothers Vassan-Girey and Mohammed-Girey Dzhabagiyev. At the same time he worked as a dancer in russian cabarets in Paris. In 1942–1945 Jamal was in Germany, where he became a member of the North Caucasian National Committee. After returning to France, the police investigated the reasons for his stay in Germany. As a result, Jamal was forced to leave for Morocco in 1948, where he died next year. The study of the life of Jamal Albogachiev, his socio-political views and activities showed that his fate was dramatic. Having received an excellent European education and knowledge of European languages, having got to Europe, he could not realize his intellectual potential, couldn’t make a career in Europe. He had the views of the creation of an independent state in the North Caucasus. However, he didn’t become an active member of the most famous and largest emigre movements of the North Caucasus. Despite the fact that he was part of the political North Caucasian elite, he was most often used in secondary or third roles.

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Guyot, Blandine. « L'Association des Karaïmes à Paris : de l'entraide amicale (1923-1939) à la lutte contre « la menace monstrueuse suspendue sur nos têtes » (1939-1945) ». Almanach Karaimski 9 (30 décembre 2020) : 9–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33229/ak.2020.9.1.

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At the beginning of the 1920s an active émigré community of 324 Karaims (275 Karaims from Crimea and 49 Karaims from Constantinople) had established itself in France. In 1923 they formed an organisation called the Karaims’ Association in Paris (Association des Karaïmes à Paris), headed by Salomon Krym and Boris Saratch. From its initial foundation until 1938, its goal was to promote mutual assistance, foster community ties and support the Karaim religion. However, in 1938, in response to increasing racial persecution and antisemitism in Europe, the Association assumed a new outlook and devoted greater time and effort to trying to help and protect Karaims in distress, mainly those based in Germany and Czechoslovakia.

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Bérubé, Louise, et Jacqueline C. Massé. « Anne-Marie Guillemard, Le déclin du social, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1986, 396 pages, $CDN 43.35 ». Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 8, n^o 1 (1989) : 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800011223.

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ABSTRACTThis book is a sociological analysis of the different stakes on which the social politics of the aged have occurred in France during the period 1945–1985. In order to understand the social genesis of the politics of age, GuiUemard takes into account the dynamics of different social actors and, on the other hand, the autonomy of the state with respect to them. Analyzing these actors in relation to the autonomy of the state allows a comprehension of the different modalities of interventions in the field of aging. In so doing, the author shows that the same modes of intervention reflect, in the field of social relations, new forms of intergenerational relations.

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Saul, Samir. « BRUNEL, Sylvie. Le Sud dans la nouvelle économie mondiale. Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1945, 421p. » Études internationales 26, n^o 4 (1995) : 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703543ar.

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Delamare, Thibault. « Gérard CHAUVY, L’Abwehr. 1939-1945 : les services secrets allemands en France , Paris, Perrin, 2023, 496 p. » Études françaises de renseignement et de cyber N° 2, n^o 1 (4 juin 2024) : 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/efrc.232.0306.

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Gervais, Raymond R., et Richard Marcoux. « Saving Francophone Africa's Statistical Past ». History in Africa 20 (1993) : 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171984.

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Colonial administration, as every other administration, was built on the production and management of numbers: export figures (to assess the economic performance of each colony); population estimates, often falsely labeled “censuses” (to establish each colony's capacity to pay the head tax); school enrollment statistics (to establish budgets and document the road to “civilization”). French colonialism was probably one of the more centralized and number-producing systems. The regional (e.g., Dakar) and central (Paris) capitals were always requesting data for budgeting or simply for monitoring the evolution of each component of the empire.In the field of population statistics, before 1945 the process yielded very few reliable data, though a more systematic examination is required to be sure. Historically this can be explained by the evolution both of data collection and training in statistics in France during the first half of the twentieth century. The situation was well documented in the first decades of the century by Fernand Faure, a prominent member of the Société de Statistique de Paris, who noted that training in statistics was not very popular in the French civil service because no specific demand was made by higher levels of administrative or political power. Nevertheless, the Société and individuals in the Statistique Générale de France did succeed in pressing for the creation in 1922 of the Institut Supérieur de Statistique de l'Université de Paris (ISUP), but the lack of means at the institute made it virtually impossible for it to meet its training objectives.

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Surprenant, Céline. « Freud et la France 1885–1945 by Alain de Mijolla (Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 2010 ; 947 pp) ; reviewed by Céline Surprenant ». Psychoanalysis and History 15, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2013.0125.

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Venditti, Michela. « The Women’s Question among the Masons of Russian Paris ». Literary Fact, n^o 20 (2021) : 314–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2021-20-314-332.

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The article is a introduction to the publication of the minutes of the meetings of the Russian lodge "Northern Star" in Paris, concerning the discussion on the admission of women to freemasonry. The proposed archival materials, deposited in the National Library of France in Paris, date back to 1945 and 1948. The women's issue became more relevant after the Second World War due to the fact that Masonic lodges had to recover and recruit new adherents. The article offers a brief overview of the women's issue in the history of Freemasonry in general, and in the Russian emigrant environment in particular. One of the founders of the North Star lodge, M. Osorgin, spoke out in the 1930s against the admission of women. In the discussions of the 1940s, the Masonic brothers repeat his opinion almost literally. Women's participation in Freemasonry is rejected using either gender or social arguments. Russian Freemasons mostly cite gender reasons: women have no place in Freemasonry because they are not men. Freemasonry, according to Osorgin, is a cult of the male creative principle, which is not peculiar to women. Discussions about the women's issue among Russian emigrant Freemasons are also an important source for studying their literary work; in particular, the post-war literary works of Gaito Gazdanov are closely connected with the Masonic ideology.

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Zalc, Claire. « ALEXIS SPIRE Étrangers à la carte : l'administration de l'immigration en France (1945-1975) Paris, Grasset, 2005, 402 pages. » Critique internationale 35, n^o 2 (2007) : 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/crii.035.0201.

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Baruch, Marc Olivier. « Alexis Spire Étrangers à la carte : l’administration de l’immigration en France (1945-1975) Paris, Grasset, 2005, 416 p. » Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 61, n^o 1 (février 2006) : 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900031255.

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Mitch, David. « Système Éducatif et Performances Économiques au Royaume-Uni 19eet 20eSiècles. By Vincent Carpentier. Paris : L'Harmattan, 2001. Pp. 295. Paper. » Journal of Economic History 63, n^o 1 (mars 2003) : 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703271801.

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One strain of French structuralism has argued for the existence of long-run economic cycles driven by Marxist class and economic dynamics. Vincent Carpentier employs this approach in his study of the relationship between economic and educational change in the United Kingdom over the past two centuries. The basic framework was developed by Carpentier's mentor, Louis Fontvielle of the University of Montpellier, who has used it to examine the same relationship for France. According to this framework, leading modern economies such as those of France and the United Kingdom over the past two centuries have experienced four Kondratieff cycles of 50 years duration each. During the first three cycles, the level of resources devoted to education tended to move counter-cyclically; in the fourth cycle, the relationship reversed to move pro-cyclically. Fontvielle's explanation of this pattern is that during the first three cycles, during expansionary phases, high returns to physical capital implied pressures to cut back on public educational investments while during downturns, social stresses and contradictions in the system led to expanding educational investments. However in the fourth cycle, since 1945, both the rise of the welfare state and the increasing contribution of an educated labor force to productivity due to the increasing importance of science-based technical change resulted in the level of educational investments moving pro-cyclically.

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Ceglarek, Michał. « Colette Gaveau-Małcużyńska – portret pianistki ». Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, n^o 1(14) (2023) : 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2023.01.14.04.

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The article is an attempt to sketch a portrait of the talented French pianist Colette Gaveau (1913–1987), winner of the first prize of the Paris Conservatory in 1932, participant in several international music competitions, including the 3rd Piano Competition Frederic Chopin in Warsaw in 1937 and the Eugène Ysaÿe, which took place in Brussels in 1938. A breakthrough event in the life of young Colette Gaveau was the marriage with the Polish pianist Witold Małcużyński (1914–1977) in October 1939. Due to the warfare of World War II, Gaveau-Małcużyńska left France with her husband, first to Portugal and then to Argentina. The Małcużyński family did not return to Europe until 1945. Colette Gaveau-Małcużyńska was a faithful and patient companion in the life and successes of one of the most outstanding Polish pianists of the second half of the 20th century.

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Ghiles, Francis. « Reading history wrong : the plight of European foreign policy in the Middle East ». Notes Internacionals CIDOB, n^o 303 (12 mars 2024) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2024/303/en.

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Since the early 20th century, France and the United Kingdom (UK) and, after 1945, the United States (US), have been getting the Middle East wrong. In 2003, France’s President Chirac and Germany’s Chancellor Schröder refused to endorse what proved to be a catastrophic mistake: the US-led invasion of Iraq. Eight years later, President Sarkozy chose to abandon the wisdom of his predecessor and was a cheerleader for the toppling of the Libyan leader Gaddafi, which allowed Russia back into the Mediterranean area. Western leaders’ misreading of the Middle East has been compounded by the media, whose moral grandstanding has increasingly replaced serious reporting and debate. Middle Eastern countries today are defending their interests aggressively and refusing to play by the rules set in Paris, London or Washington. A new nationalism stalks the region, making diplomacy more transactional.

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Burk, Kathleen. « The Marshall Plan : Filling in Some of the Blanks ». Contemporary European History 10, n^o 2 (juillet 2001) : 267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301002053.

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Dominique Barjot, Rémi Baudouï and Danièle Voldman, eds., Les Reconstructions en Europe (1945–1949) (Paris: Editions Complexe, 1997), 342 pp., FF175, ISBN 2-870-27693-1. Matthias Kipping and Ove Bjarnar, eds., The Americanisation of European Business: The Marshall Plan and the Transfer of US Management Models (London: Routledge, 1998), 235 pp., £50.00, ISBN 0-415-17191-1. Jeffry M. Diefendorf, Axel Frohn and Hermann-Josef Rupieper, eds., American Policy and the Reconstruction of Western Germany, 1945–1955 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and the German Historical Institute, Washington, DC, 1993), 537 pp., £45.00, ISBN 0-521-43120-4. Hans-Herbert Holzamer and Marc Hoch, eds., Der Marshall-Plan: Geschichte und Zukunft (Landsberg/Lech: Olzog, 1997), 214 pp., ISBN 3-789-29349-0. Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 50 Jahre Marshall-Plan (Berlin: Argon Verlag, Berlin, 1997), 140 pp., ISBN 3-870-24387-2. Günter Bischof, Anton Pelinka and Dieter Stiefel, eds., The Marshall Plan in Austria (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2000), 588 pp., ISBN 0-765-80679-7. Michael Kennedy and Joseph Morrison Skelly, eds., Irish Foreign Policy 1919–1966: From Independence to Internationalism (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000), 352 pp., £39.50, ISBN 1-851-82404-9. Bernadette Whelan, Ireland and the Marshall Plan 1947–1957 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000), 426 pp., £39.50, ISBN 1-851-82517-7. Charles Silva, Keep Them Strong, Keep them Friendly: Swedish–American Relations and the Pax Americana, 1948–1952 (Stockholm: Akademitryck AB, 1999), 376 pp., Kl.10.00, ISBN 9-171-53974-3. Chiarello Esposito, America's Feeble Weapon: Funding the Marshall Plan in France and Italy, 1948–1950 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994), 226 pp., £49.50, ISBN 0-313-29340-6. Fernando Guirao, Spain and the Reconstruction of Western Europe 1945–57 (London: Macmillan, 1998), 240 pp., ISBN 0-312-21291-7. Martin A. Schain, Marshall Plan Fifty Years After (Houndmills: Palgrave, 2001), £30.00, ISBN 0-333-92983-7 was published after this article went to press.

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Dumons, Bruno. « Jean-François Galinier-Pallerola, La résignation dans la culture catholique en France (1870-1945),Paris, Cerf, 2007,497p., ISBN 2204082856. » Revue d’histoire moderne & ; contemporaine 56-2, n^o 2 (10 juillet 2009) : 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhmc.562.0243.

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Pereira, Victor. « Stéphane Dufoix Politiques d’exil. Hongrois, Polonais et Tchécoslovaques en France apres 1945 Paris, PUF, « Sociologie d’aujourd’hui », 2002, 314 p. » Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 60, n^o 6 (décembre 2005) : 1447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900021478.

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Gaitniece, Lāsma, et Alīda Zigmunde. « Inženiera, uzņēmēja, skolotāja Jāņa Baumaņa (1878–1945) mūža veikums ». Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture 3 (15 octobre 2019) : 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/iav.2019.004.

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Raksts veltīts inženierim, pedagogam un vienam no Liepājas pilsētas pašvaldības vadītājiem Jānim Baumanim, kurš augstāko izglītību ieguva ne tikai Rīgas Politehniskajā institūtā (RPI), bet arī elektroenerģijas (elektrības) augstskolā «Ecole supérieure d’electricité» Parīzē, Francijā. Jāņa Baumaņa biogrāfija liecina, ka viņš bijis mērķtiecīgs, nav baidījies jaunu izaicinājumu, kā arī vairākkārt sevi veiksmīgi pierādījis uzņēmējdarbībā, dibinot un sekmīgi vadot uzņēmumus. Minētās īpašības raksturo Jāni Baumani arī kā Liepājas pašvaldības vadītāju, taču vēlme uzņemties iniciatīvu dažādu tolaik vēl pārdrošu ideju realizēšanā augstajam amatam bijusi traucējoša, tādēļ viņš pilsētas vadībā bija vien nepilnu gadu. Atkāpjoties no pašvaldības vadītāja amata, viņš Liepāju pameta un devās uz Rīgu, kur strādāja firmā un pievērsās pedagoģiskajam darbam. Raksta mērķis – apkopot Jāņa Baumaņa dzīves gājumu un atklāt viņa veikumu dažādās darbības jomās.The article is devoted to engineer, teacher and one of mayors of Liepāja City Municipality – Jānis Baumanis – who obtained university education not only at Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), but also at the University of Electricity (Ecole supérieure d’electricité) in Paris, France. The biography of J. Baumanis shows that he has been purposeful, feared no challenge and has repeatedly proved himself as entrepreneur establishing and successfully managing companies. These qualities also describe J. Baumanis as the Mayor of Liepāja City Municipality, but the desire to take initiative in implementing various, brave at that time, ideas were interfering, thus he held the position less than a year. After resigning, he left Liepāja city for Riga, where he worked for a company and turned to pedagogical work. The aim of the article is to summarize the life of J. Baumanis and to discover his achievements in various fields of activity.

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Ashmarov, Igor. « Unfairly Forgotten Holiday of Our Country ». Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 20, n^o 2 (14 juin 2019) : 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2019.20(2).217-241.

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The article gives the author’s point of view on the historical date of March 31, 1814 when Russian troops together with allied forces took Paris – the capital of Napoleon’s France. In Russian historiography the war of the Sixth Coalition of 1812 (1812–1814) happened to be divided artificially into two parts with separate events: the Patriotic War of 1918 per se and a foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813–1814. The entry of Russian army in Paris (1814) was the main military result of that war. The author of the article does believe that we all should remember and honor the date of 31 March as a symbol of national pride and a tribute to historical and national memory, as the Day of Victory in the Patriotic War of 1812 (besieged by Russian troops Paris was captured and surrendered on that day). The author gives his own opinion and the opinion taken from the interviews with his fellow historians. We earnestly hope that the reader will largely agree with us and accept our point of view, particularly as it relates to the historic day of March 31, 1814. It seems to us that the attitude to the heroes and participants of the Patriotic War of 1812 should be more considerate. Even though they have been deceased for a long time, at any rate, in the national historiography there is a paradox related to that war: the Patriotic war of 1812 indeed occurred, but there is not any Victory Day for some reason. In any case, this holiday is not celebrated at all. We find the present situation unacceptable, since Russia won both Patriotic wars, not just one. The first Patriotic War of 1812, as well as the second Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, should have its own Victory Day celebrated at the official State level, as both wars were great. These are our views outlined in this historical journal.

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Miot, Claire. « P ollack G uillaume , L’Armée du silence. Histoire des réseaux de Résistance en France (1940-1945) , Paris, Tallandier/Ministère des Armées, 2022, 537 p., 25,90 € ». 20 & ; 21. Revue d'histoire N° 156, n^o 4 (15 septembre 2023) : 270–71. https://doi.org/10.3917/vin.156.0270.

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Baumann, Ansbert. « Der sprachlose Partner. Das Memorandum vom 19. September 1962 und das Scheitern der französischen Sprachenpolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ». Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 34, n^o 1 (2002) : 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2002.5680.

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In the secondary schools of Germany the French language was taught as the first living foreign language until 1937, only then the national Socialists favoured the English language for reasons of ideology. After 1945 the French policy aimed at an improvement of the status of the French language in the German school system the dissemination of the French language being a traditional crucial point of the foreign policy of France. But, first of all, these intentions were successful only in the French occupation area though till the end of the forties, the French government had discussed the issue in separate negotiations with the administrations of the German «Länder». After the foundation of the Federal Republic Paris obviously hoped for a general solution of the problem for the whole FRG. The memorandum from September 1962 takes the initiative for the last great effort of the French government to alter the «post-war order of languages» in the FRG.

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Paulhan, Jean. « L'abîme 1939–1945Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste. L'abîme 1939–1945. Collection Politique étrangère de la France. Paris : Imprimerie nationale, 1982. Pp. 611. » Contemporary French Civilization 9, n^o 1 (octobre 1985) : 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfc.1985.9.1.009.

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Eulriet, Irène. « Sexes, genre et guerres . France, 1914-1945 , L. Capdevila, F. Rouquet, F. Virgili, D. Voldman . Paris, Payot & ; Rivages, 2010 ». Inflexions N° 16, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2011) : II. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/infle.016.0207b.

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Lochak, Danièle. « SPIRE (Alexis), Étrangers à la carte. L’administration de l’immigration en France (1945-1975), Paris, Grasset, 2005,402 pages, annexes, sources, bibliographie, index. » Politix 73, n^o 1 (2006) : 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pox.073.0236.

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Колаковић, Александра. « ЕРНЕСТ ДЕНИ И СРБИ : О „НАЈВЕЋЕМ ПРИЈАТЕЉУ СЛОВЕНАˮ ПОВОДОМ СТОГОДИШЊИЦЕ СМРТИ ERNEST DENIS AND SERBS : ABOUT “THE GREATEST FRIEND OF THE SLAVSˮ ON THE OCCASION OF THE CENTENARY OF DEATH ». Историјски часопис, n^o 70/2021 (30 décembre 2021) : 493–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.34298/ic2170493k.

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The work of Ernest Denis (1849–1921), a historian, professor and diplomat, is embedded in the idea of the “eternal friendship” between the French and the Serbs. However, one hundred years after his death, the man, in whose house in the Latin Quarter there is L’Institut d’études slaves within Sorbonne University, is unknown to the broader public. In the interwar period, Denis, who from 1912 was also a member of the Serbian Royal Academy, was respected as the “advocate of the subjugated people” and “the greatest friend of the Slavs”. However, after 1945, his work sank into oblivion, except for historians and history buffs. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the work of this French intellectual, based on archival records (Les Archives nationales de France – Site de Paris), the press, his works and memories of his contemporaries. The revaluation of the personality and work of Ernest Denis on the occasion of centenary of his death, is a chance to piece together the mosaic of remembrance and highlight the activities of the present-day L’Institut d’études slaves at Sorbonne.

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Kupchyk, Oleh. « Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University’s international cooperation with scientific and education institutions of Western countries in 1944–1975’s ». European Historical Studies, n^o 22 (2022) : 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2022.22.5.

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The article reveals the international cooperation of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University with scientific and educational institutions of Western countries in 1944–1975. It was noted that at the end of the Second World War (1944–1945), Kyiv University couldn’t establish ties with educational and scientific institutions of Western countries due to the reconstruction of the city and the university itself. During the period of post-war reconstruction (1946–1950), the Soviet-Western confrontation was added to the mentioned problems, which then turned into the Cold War. However, the liberal social and political changes in the USSR associated with de-Stalinization (1953–1956) and the Khrushchev «Thaw» (1956–1964) had a positive impact on the international activities of the Soviet higher school and KSU named T. G. Shevchenko. It is indicated that since the mid-1950s, delegations and individual scientists from France, Austria, Belgium, and Sweden began to visit Kyiv University. Since the second half of the 1950s, teachers and scientists from Finland and Great Britain, as well as Communist Party leaders, and representatives of student and trade union organizations from Western countries visited Kyiv University to give lectures and deliver scientific reports. However, in 1959–1960, plans for the teaching work of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University in the Great Britain universities remained unrealized. Nevertheless, since then, teachers and scientists of Kyiv University have actively participated in international scientific events held in Western countries (Madrid, Paris, London, Vienna, and Stockholm). Some teachers completed internships at universities in Italy, France, and Great Britain. Students also did internships in these countries. Mostly, these were senior-year students of the Faculty of Philology who were studying foreign languages. It is noted that the scientific works and teachers of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University were published abroad. Among them were Professor Mytropolskyi Yu. (in Great Britain and Sweden), Professor Vsekhsvyatskyi S. (in Great Britain and Belgium), Professor Bileckyi A. (in Greece), Professor Marynych O. (in Great Britain and Sweden) works. Scientists of Kyiv University worked with colleagues from universities and scientific institutions of the West on common scientific themes. The international book exchange of Kyiv State University, as of July 1, 1965, was held with such universities as the Taylor Institute at the University of Oxford, the University of Oslo, the Mathematical Institute at the University of Bonn, Liège (Belgium), Besanson and Cannes (France) universities, and also by the academies of sciences of Denmark and Ireland. The emergence of an international détente in the relations between the West and the USSR at the end of the 1960s had a positive effect on the ties of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University with the countries of the West. The number of their youth at Kyiv University continued to grow. Thus, if in 1969 one representative of a Belgian and a Frenchman studied at the university, then as of January 1, 1975, 60 students from the «capitalist countries» studied at the university. In turn, the cooperation of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University with educational and scientific institutions of Western countries in 1975–1991 remains understudied. However, this is the subject of the next scientific research.

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Bonvalet, Catherine, et Nicolas Robette. « Historia residencial de los francilianos nacidos entre 1930 y 1950 / Residential History of People Born in Île-de-France between 1930 and 1950 ». Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 27, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2012) : 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v27i3.1422.

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El propósito de este artículo es relatar la historia residencial de las generaciones nacidas entre 1930 y 1950 que habitan París y sus afueras. Se basa en la encuesta Biografías y entorno que recolectó el INED en 2001 entre cerca de 2 830 francilianos (oriundos de la región de Île-de-France) pertenecientes a estas generaciones. Sus trayectorias residenciales y geográficas dan testimonio de los grandes momentos de la urbanización franciliana que ocurrieron en el transcurso de la segunda mitad del siglo xx, particularmente con la expansión de la propiedad y los fenómenos de periurbanización y gentrificación. Desde el punto de vista geográfico se advierten tres grandes tendencias: un movimiento centrífugoque aleja a los francilianos del centro de la aglomeración; una cierta estabilidad en la zona geográfica donde se han asentado en Île-de-France, lo que denota su apego a París y su arraigo a las afueras; y en una proporción menor, un cierto retorno al centro de la aglomeración. Algunas encuestas han observado también movimientos urbanos; éstos fueron los casos de los pioneros de la periurbanización con el acceso a la propiedad de una casa individual en parcelación y el de los pioneros de la gentrificación en ciertos distritos de la capital situados en los alrededores cercanos. El análisis por generación muestra el efecto diferenciado de las políticas sobre los recorridos residenciales y geográficos. Revela sobre todo la repercusión de los cambios matrimoniales sobre las trayectorias. Aunque lastrayectorias residenciales de las generaciones nacidas antes de la guerra, al igual que sus trayectorias familiares, se mostraban de manera lineal conforme a un esquema que iba del arriendo hacia la propiedad, las trayectorias de las generaciones nacidas después de 1945 resultaban mucho más caóticas según las uniones, separaciones y reemparejamientos eventuales. La propiedad, que a menudo se presenta como el fin último del recorrido, se convierte para algunos en una etapa dentro de una trayectoria cada vez más compleja. AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe the residential history of the generations born between 1930 and 1950, living in Paris and its suburbs. It is based on the Biographies and Setting survey conducted by INED in 2001 on about 2830 people from the Île-de-France region belonging to these generations. Their residential and geographical trajectories testify to the great moments of Île-de-France urbanization that occurred during the course of the second half of the 20th century, particularly with the expansion of property and the phenomena of periurbanization and gentrification. From a geographical point of view, three major trends emerge: a centrifugal movement that drives people from the Île-de-France region away from the center of the agglomeration, a certain stability in the geographical area where they have settled in Île-de-France, denoting their attachment to Paris and their roots in the suburbs, and to a lesser extent, a return to the center of the agglomeration. Some surveys have also observed urban movements. This was the cases of the pioneers of periurbanization with access to the ownership of an individual home in a holding and of the pioneers of gentrification in certain districts of the capital located in the immediate vicinity. Analysis by generation shows the different effect on residential and geographical routes. Above all, it reveals the impact of marital changes on trajectories. Although the residential trajectories of the pre-war generations, like their family trajectories, were shown in a linear manner in a scheme that went from rental to ownership, the trajectories of the generations born after 1945 were far more chaotic, due to unions, separations and the eventual formation of new couples. Ownership, oftenpresented as the ultimate goal of the course, becomes a stage in an increasingly complex trajectory for some.

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