Thèses : « Participation, local democracy, development of political participation »

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Smith, Antoinette Rachélle. « Democratic transition in South Africa : a case study of the public participation in development planning on local authority level in the West Coast Region ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51672.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The theme of this study is the practice of participatory democracy and its link to local development. The context is the current policy trend to consider the local authority as the core development agent. Governance is seen as a partnership between civil society and local state authority. The mechanism for linking democracy and development is the concept of integrated development planning. This study investigates the integrity of the process of public participation as reflected within integrated development planning. The democratic transition in South Africa forms the backdrop of the study. South Africa, a relatively newly formed democracy, has put legislation, political and social structures in place to support the transformation it intended. The question that remains and that is being researched in this study, is whether the lOP is a sincere attempt on the side of the government to install authentic participation on the part of the local community or is this another scheme for political expediency? The study reflects the transition to democracy on social and political level and on all levels of governance. In the case of local government, it describes the transformation of the role of local government to that of development agent in its jurisdiction of governance. A case study approach is used. The democratic transition in the field of local government and its application in a specific rural development region are selected as case material. The West Coast Development Region, a demarcated development region of the Western Cape, has been chosen as a testing ground for a number of reasons, but most importantly, because this region has taken the lead to implement the newly passed policy of integrated development planning in South Africa. The region also offered the most favorable circumstances for the study as it has been subjected to systematic and sustained development and capacity building inputs from the state since the elections in 1994. These include capacity building of ROP forums and Spatial Development Initiative. An empirical study of the process of public participation within the integrated development planning in this region was done after the first round of the process in 1997/1998. A group administered questiormaire is used to measure the knowledge and attitudes of participants who attended the workshops that were held by the local authority as medium of participation. Two measurements, one at the start of the workshop and one at the end, provided comparable data on changes in attitudes and levels of knowledge. The results indicated definite change in knowledge levels, but did not impact significantly on the attitudes of participants. The findings are presented here and form the basis of a wider study in local democracy and development to be proposed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tema van hierdie studie is die praktyk van deelnemende demokrasie en die verband met plaaslike ontwikkeling. Die konteks is die huidige beleidsrigting wat die plaaslike owerheid as die sentrale ontwikkelingsagent beskou. Regering word gesien as 'n vennootskap tussen die burgerlike gemeenskap en die plaaslike staatsowerheid. Die meganisme om demokrasie en ontwikkeling met mekaar te verbind, is die konsep van geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning. Hierdie studie ondersoek die integriteit van publieke deelname soos dit manifesteer in geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning. Die demokratiese transformasie van Suid Afrika vorm die agtergrond van die studie. Suid Afrika, 'n relatief nuutgevormde demokrasie, het wetgewing daar gestel om die voorgenome demokratiese oorgang te ondersteun. Die vraag wat gevra en ondersoek word in hierdie studie, is of die geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning 'n opregte poging is om ware deelname aan die kant van die gemeenskap te bewerkstellig of is hierdie nog 'n skema vir politieke gewin. Die studie reflekteer die oorgang na 'n demokrasie op sosiale en politieke vlak sowel as in alle vlakke van regering. In die geval van plaaslike regering, word transformasie in die rol van die plaaslike owerheid na die van ontwikkelingsagent in sy regsgebied beskryf. 'n Gevallestudie benadering word gebruik. Die demokratiese oorgang op die gebied van plaaslike regering en die toepassing daarvan in 'n spesifieke ontwikkelingstreek word gebruik as gevallestudiemateriaal. Die Weskus Ontwikkelingstreek, 'n afgebakende ontwikkelingstreek van die Wes-Kaap Provinsie is gekies as toetsingsgebied om verskeie redes. Die belangrikste hiervan is omdat hierdie streek die leiding geneem het om die nuutgeproklameerde wetgewing van geintegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning in Suid Afrika te implimenteer. Die streek het ook die mees gunstige omstandighede gebied vir die studie, aangesien dit sedert die 1994 verkiesing onderwerp is aan volgehoue en sistematiese ontwikkelings- en bemagtigende insette deur die staat. Dit sluit onder andere in kapasiteitsbouprogramme vir HOP forums en 'n ruimtelike ontwikkelingsinisiatief. 'n Empiriese studie is gedoen oor die proses van publieke deelname in die ge'integreerde ontwikkelingsbepanning in die streek kort na die voltooiing van die eerste rondte daarvan in 1997/1998. 'n Groepgeadministreerde vraelys is gebruik om die kennis en houdings van deelnemers wat werkswinkels bygewoon het, te toets. Hierdie werkswinkels is deur die plaaslike owerheid gehou as medium van deelname. Twee metings, een aan die begin en een aan die einde van elke werkswinkel is geneem. Dit het vergelykbare data om veranderings in kennis vlakke en houdings aan te dui, gebied. Die resultate het aangedui dat daar defnitiewe veranderings in kennis plaasgevind het, maar dit het nie beduidende verskil gemaak aan houdings van deelnemers nie. Die bevindinge word hier aangebied en vorm die basis van 'n wyer studie in demokrasie en ontwikkeling wat aanbeveel word.

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Liebold, Sebastian, et Sophie Schönfeld. « Mitgestalten vor Ort : Formen und Inhalte politischer Beteiligung in Chemnitz ». Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32280.

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Wie beheimatet sich Menschen in einer Stadt fühlen, hängt davon ab, wie politisch eingebunden sie sich begreifen. Die Entstehung von Mitbestimmungsformen in Chemnitz verlief – wie in vielen anderen Städten – nicht reibungslos. Auch die Inhalte variierten über die Jahrhunderte: Wollten die Bürger bis zum Ende der mittelalterlichen Stadtverfassung Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts vor allem über die Besteuerung, die Gerichtsbarkeit und elementare Sicherheitsfragen mitbestimmen, ging es bis 1919 um die Durchsetzung des allgemeinen Wahlrechts, das Frauen einschloss, um sozialen Ausgleich und die großen Infrastrukturprojekte der Gründerzeit. Nach Rückschritten in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und der DDR bekam Chemnitz mit der Gemeindeordnung Sachsens von 1994 eine freiheitliche Kommunalverfassung, die auch Raum für weitere Neuerungen lässt – wie etwa Einwohnerversammlungen in den Stadtvierteln. Zwischen mehr Mitbestimmung und effizienten Entscheidungen entsteht dabei ein gewisser Gegensatz. Dieses Bändchen bringt die Hintergründe einer aktuellen Debatte auf den Tisch.
Forms and content of political participation in Chemnitz

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Stuurman, Sonwabo Happyboy. « The role of the ward committees as an interface between local government and community : a case study of Makana Municipality ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003080.

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The Ward Committee System was introduced in South Africa in 2001 as a tool to bring government closer to the people and to enhance participatory democracy. The Makana Municipality adopted the system in 2002. Previous research on local government indicates that these structures have not been effective due to the lack of resources to sustain them. This study was interested in furthering such research, using the Makana Municipality as a case study during which unstructured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with Ward Councillors, Ward Committee Members and Grade 12 learners. The aim of the research was to investigate whether the ward committees did indeed promote the notion of participatory democracy and to what extent grass roots development has been enhanced by this structure of local government. The findings from both the respondents and the observations indicate that, in addition to the lack of resources, the underutilization of the Ward Committee System is a result of the effect of opposing political affiliations within the ward committee system, affiliations that undermine the goal of collaborative decision-making. Whereas the ward committee system is a positive idea, the findings suggest that the government is not supporting these structures by failing to equip the ward committee members with necessary capacities and skills. Therefore, if municipalities are committed to bridging the gap between local government and the community, and are keen to enhance participatory democracy, then capacity building of the ward committees and respect for their role during the decision-making process need to be taken seriously. At present, ward committee members are not influential and active in the decision-making process. In addition, the youth as prospective future ward committee members seemed disillusioned with the notion of participatory democracy, and instead have adopted the mentality that nepotism and corruption, as displayed by those in power, is the only way of governance. This research suggests that the ward committee system, intended to bring government closer to the people, may in fact not only alienate government from the people, but also the people from each other.

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Stanton, John Sebastian. « Democracy in sustainable development : accountability and participation in Britain's local communities ». Thesis, Kingston University, 2010. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20288/.

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Pearce, Jenny V. « Participation and democracy in the twenty-first century city ». Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5837.

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Golooba-Mutebi, F. « Decentralisation, democracy and development administration in Uganda, 1986-1996 : limits to popular participation ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299458.

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Otero, Johansson Matias. « Political Participation and Development : Operationalizing and testing the correlation between inclusive political institutions and economic development ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-381357.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the correlation between economic development and inclusive political institutions. Research in the field of development economics highlights the importance of durable institutions for sustained economic growth. Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson propose that we should consider inclusive political institutions are key drivers of economic development, but political inclusion is challenging to measure quantitatively. We investigate novel ways ways to operationalize political inclusion and economic development by using voter turnout as the independent variable while median income acts as the dependent variable to better reflects the living standards of the broad population. Our thesis is that increased voter participation as a percentage of voting age population should correlate to a higher median income. Our bivariate regression shows a clear relationship but low explanatory power since linear regression doesn’t explain significant variations in the data. Multivariate linear regression results show a weaker correlation than expected but explains our data better by highlighting a clear tendency for high income democracies to enjoy high voter turnout whereas low income countries have varied outcomes. A high degree of data variability raises doubts about the validity of comparing voting participation between different political systems.

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Hermanns, Heike Dorothee. « The state of democratic consolidation in Korea decentralisation and participation in local politics 1988-1998 / ». Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.311169.

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Svensson, David. « Lokal demokratiutveckling - En studie om demokratiutvecklingens orsaker och förutsättningar i Hallands kommuner utifrån ett deltagardemokratiskt perspektiv ». Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1196.

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The aim of this essay is to study the development of democracy in the Halland province, with focus on participating measures. First and foremost to test earlier research about the causes of the development of democracy, which says that the work takes place with obvious variation between the municipalities and that it is caused by economic resources and experienced problems in the democracy. The purpose is also to conduct a general discussion about the conditions and effects of the development.

Thus the method can be characterised as theory consuming because I as far as possible assume the method that has been used in earlier research. Still, my study is limited to the six municipalities of the Halland province and is therefore a study of few cases. One person in each municipality has been interviewed in order to collect a list of all the measures that have been carried out. This material has been analyzed with a variety of variables.

The results points out that neither economic resourses nor experienced problems in the democracy can be considered as satisfactory causes, at least not in these six cases. Instead, the results tell that the incidence of driving forces and real enthusiasts is a better explanation, which together with a well-functioning local government administration are the most important factors for achieving positive effects in the participating democracy.

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Clough-Riquelme, Jane. « Gender, citizenship, and local democracy in Paraguay a comparative analysis of social power and political participation in the central region / ». Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Asaduzzaman, Mohammed. « Governance in practice : decentralization and people's participation in the local development of Bangladesh / ». Tampere : Department of Management Studies, University of Tampere, 2008. http://www.niaslinc.dk/gateway_to_asia/nordic_webpublications/x506055123.pdf.

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Riutta, Satu. « Empowering the Poor ? Civic Education and Local Level Participation in Rural Tanzania and Zambia ». unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04242007-010341/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. William Downs, committee chair; Michael Herb, Carrie Manning, committee members. Electronic text (465 p. : col. ill., col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 370-397).

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Mac, Kay Johny. « Developmental local government : a study of public participation of the Integrated Development Planning Process of the City of Cape Town ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Community participation is relevant to every sector of development, for example, education, health, housing, water and sanitation, agricultural development and conservation. The assumption is that public participation is positive in that it can contribute to making programmes more sustainable. Public participation in local government processes, especially in the Integrated Development Plan, is imperative to the promotion of institutional democracy. The Integrated Development Plan as a development tool promotes participatory democracy. This public participation study of the Integrated Development Plan in the City of Cape Town was conducted in four sub-council areas of the city to determine whether public participation was successful and whether the objectives of local government are being met.

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Mente, Mtutuzeli. « An investigation into public participation in the formulation of the local economic development (LED) strategy for Emahlahleni Local Municipality ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015023.

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This research study examined public participation activities in Lady Frere during the LED strategy formulation process. Lady Frere is one of the three small towns constituting Emalahleni Local Municipality (ELM).A review of existing literature and legal frameworks suggest that authentic participation by the public occurs when the dimensions of representativeness, interactiveness, use of stakeholder/public inputs and the quality of public inputs are satisfied. The current study sought to identify conditions that would serve as a measurement to be satisfied before we can say authenticity was factored into the public participation effort during the Local Economic Development (LED) strategy formulation process in Lady Frere. A three-tier model was adopted to assess the performance of the ELM public involvement initiatives during the LED process. Key indicators of the four dimensions of authenticity were formulated and used to determine authenticity of these initiatives (programs).The data for this study came from analysing the LED strategy (2010-2015) document and the qualitative interviews held with purposively selected respondents. Nineteen respondents representing different institutions in Lady Frere agreed to be interviewed for the study. Organisations represented included public service institutions in operation in Lady Frere, private formal businesses in operation in the area and some civil society structures present in the town. The results of this study suggest that the municipality fell short of implementing public participation programs that achieved authenticity during the LED strategy formulation process. A careful and well-intentioned use of various public participation tools that embrace increased interaction between municipal employees and the public can assist in achieving better levels of authenticity in their public involvement initiatives. The willingness of municipal staff to adopt new ideas and innovations learned during public engagements is key to achieving higher levels of authenticity in their programs. Municipal participation programs would greatly benefit from training that increases individual acceptance of public participation as a valid service delivery mechanism. The researcher took opportunity to suggest the following recommendations for the ELM to work towards: Increased opportunities for occurrence of authentic public participation; Creation of individual ownership of authenticity in public participation; Creation of community partnerships to foster authenticity in public participation.

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Motale, Itumeleng John. « Public participation strategy for budgeting in local government : the case of Tlokwe Local Municipality / I.J. Motale ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9150.

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Before the historical democratic elections of 1994, South Africa did not have a culture of actively engaging communities in local government affairs. Democracy brought emphasis to transparency in municipal activities, and greater public accountability. It is legislated in South Africa that local governments should interact with communities in an endeavour to carry out the responsibilities of service delivery to ensure growth and development in a manner that promotes and enhances community participation and accountability. However, integrated municipal development planning, budgeting, local economic development projects, and various forms of municipal partnerships, are all issues which require effective community participation processes. Local government as a sphere government closest to the people is now expected to engage communities through exploring sustainable strategies as mechanisms which, within the context of this study, bring about effective public participation. In this regard, an effective, efficient, vibrant and innovative local government system that is accountable to local communities is of obvious importance. The local government has a key role to play in ensuring that people receive quality leadership and a sound and stable local democracy. Section 153 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996) spells out two important developmental duties of a municipality: * To structure and manage its administration and budget planning process so as to give priority to the basic needs of the community and to promote the environmental and socio-economic development of the community: and * To participate in national and provincial development programmes. The purpose of this study was to determine a variety of effective channels or mechanisms and processes for public participation in the integrated development planning (IDP) and budget process in the Tlokwe Local Municipality. It also focuses on the policy and legislative framework underpinning public participation in the IDP and budget processes. The study further considers that legislation requires that the IDP process of Tlokwe Municipality should structurally incorporate the voice of the community which will be affected by planning. The researcher used a qualitative method to determine how Tlokwe Local Municipality addresses the needs of the local community to enhance participatory democracy. The study established that there are a number of challenges facing the municipality which are barriers to effective participation. Several of these challenges relate to the poor and the marginalised groups which still have far too little influence in the affairs of the municipality.
Thesis (MA (Public Management and Governance))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

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Mfenguza, Nomvakaliso. « An analysis of community participation in local government integrated development planning with reference to King Sabata Dalindyebo local municipality ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/788.

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This study is about the analysis of Community Participation in Local Government Integrated Development Planning with reference to Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality. The focus on the study was on full participation of community in the IDP processes. This report presents the findings of a study conducted to identify the strategies and consultation structures used in the development of IDP processes, together with the measures of effectiveness of these strategies. This study was triggered by the non attendance of the communities in the IDP road shows, the complaints of non service delivery and little understanding of the IDP concept. The results of this study show that the communities do not fully participate in their development planning processes. The communities do not understand the purpose and existence of IDP document. The researcher hopes that this study will sensitize the community to participate in the affairs of their development that will change the quality of their lives. King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality should improve their strategies and consultation structures in their IDP processes.

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Guven, Erdem. « Participation To Administration In Capitalist Society : Theoretical And Political Limitations Of The Critical And Radical Administrative Theories ». Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614812/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims at critically examining the specific place of the "
critical"
and "
radical"
theories within both the theory of public administration and political theory, particularly in terms of the discursive participatory framework they offer. The fundamental question dealt with is whether or not the power and dependence analyses of these approaches (which are treated as '
marginal'
in the field) is convincing for an egalitarian, comprehensive and socially transformative democratic governance. Since a discussion of this sort essentially problematizes the reduction of political equality to a proceduralist and abstract philosophical equality, not to commit a similar fallacy of "
apriorism"
, the study incorporates the observations on LA-21 Turkey processes as a local governance program, in terms of a concrete contribution to theoretical discussion. In the light of direct observations, interviews and data obtained from secondary resources regarding the participatory practices, the level of organization and current capacity of political representation are inferred to be also decisive on the capacity to participate, owing this decisiveness substantially to the economic and social resources in the real social formation, hence the conditions of production of local knowledge are consequently identified as far from reflecting a democratic environment purified from power relations. Highlighting the risk for the notion of self-governance to gain a hegemonic functionality for bourgeoisie democracy concealing and perpetuating social inequalities, the thesis argues for shifting the inquire for the dominant class, from solely political-administrative sphere to civil society, and the maintainable and reproductive conditions and mechanisms of dominance between these two spheres.

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Alarcón, Pérez Pau. « Local political participation : what citizens want, what governments do, and what academics assume. Southern european evidence for an international debate ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287980.

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La implementació d’innovacions democràtiques incorporant a la ciutadania en el procés de presa de decisions s’ha estès globalment durant les darreres dècades. Els mecanismes de participació local han esdevingut molt coneguts a partir d’algunes experiències d'èxit com els Pressupostos Participatius de Porto Alegre. Acadèmicament, les i els investigadors han estudiat àmpliament aquestes innovacions, principalment mitjançant estudis de cas d’experiències d'èxit. Els mecanismes de participació en l'àmbit local són l’objecte d’estudi d’aquesta tesi, abordats des d’una perspectiva triple. Descriurem i analitzarem què vol la ciutadania en termes de democràcia participativa, què fan els governs locals (és a dir, quin tipus de mecanismes participatius s’estan desenvolupant), i què s’assumeix des de l’acadèmia sobre aquestes innovacions democràtiques. L’objectiu global d’aquesta recerca és contribuir a la comprensió de la realitat participativa més enllà del debat teòric i l’anàlisi dels estudis de cas, centrant l’atenció al Sud d’Europa. Les preferències ciutadanes sobre els processos de presa de decisions s'emmarquen al context espanyol. Mitjançant l’estudi de dades d’enquesta, analitzarem les preferències ciutadanes pel que fa a qui pren les decisions, si la ciutadania o els polítics. Aquestes preferències es relacionaran alhora amb diverses actituds: l’experiència participativa prèvia, la intensitat de les actituds envers diferents temes, la percepció que les idees pròpies formen part d’un consens general i l’aversió al conflicte. Respecte als mecanismes participatius, indagarem en com són aquestes innovacions des d’una perspectiva de N gran a partir d’un mapatge participatiu de cinc regions del Sud d’Europa. L’anàlisi se centrarà en diferents qualitats referents a la participació ciutadana, la deliberació i l’apoderament. Finalment, després de demarcar aquestes preferències i mecanismes participatius, entaularem un debat entre l’evidència empírica i alguns debats i assumpcions acadèmiques. Adreçarem el debat metodològic sobre quin tipus de mecanismes participatius es recull mitjançant diferents estratègies de N gran. Així mateix, en diàleg amb alguns debats de l’acadèmia anglosaxona, abordarem el debat sobre la definició de l’objecte d’estudi (la tensió entre la democràcia participativa i deliberativa), les característiques dels actors que promouen les innovacions, el rol dels professionals de la participació o la reproducció de les desigualtats preexistents entre els i les participants. Comprovarem si la regió del Sud d’Europa presenta algunes especificitats participatives en comparació amb les regions que han estat més estudiades des de l’acadèmia. Per últim farem referència a algunes implicacions, per exemple en relació al context polític espanyol actual. El moviment 15M va obrir un ampli debat envers el procés de presa de decisions, defensant una “democràcia real”. Noves candidatures d'èxit com Podemos i Ganemos/Guanyem han incorporat la democràcia participativa als seus discursos, propostes i pràctiques. Abordarem la qüestió de quina relació pot haver-hi entre aquest context sociopolític i les preferències ciutadanes i mecanismes participatius analitzats en aquesta tesi.
The implementation of democratic innovations for involving citizens in the decision-making process has spread globally over the last decades. Local participatory mechanisms have become well-known due to some successful experiences such as the Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre. Academically, researchers have broadly studied these innovations, mainly through case studies of successful experiences. Participatory mechanisms at the local level are the object of study in this dissertation, addressed from a threefold perspective. We will describe and analyse what citizens want in terms of participatory democracy, what local governments do (i.e. what kind of participatory mechanisms is being developed), and what academics assume about these democratic innovations. The main goal of this research is to help to understand the participatory reality beyond the theoretical debate and case study analysis, focusing on Southern Europe. The citizens’ preferences toward decision-making processes focus on the Spanish context. Through survey data analysis, we will analyse citizens’ preferences in terms of who makes the decisions, either citizens or politicians. These preferences will also be related to different attitudes: previous participatory experiences, the intensity of the attitudes toward different issues, the perception that one’s own ideas are part of a general consensus, and conflict aversion. In terms of participatory mechanisms, we will discuss what these innovations are like from a large-N perspective using a participatory mapping of five Southern European regions. The analysis will focus on different qualities paying attention to citizens’ participation, deliberation, and empowerment. Finally, after demarcating these participatory preferences and mechanisms, we will establish a debate between the empirical data and some academic debates and assumptions. The methodological debate about what kind of participatory mechanisms is collected through different large-N strategies will be addressed. Also, in a dialogue with some debates in the English-speaking academy, we will address the debate about the definition of the object of study (the tension between participatory and deliberative democracy), the characteristics of the actors promoting these innovations, the role of participatory professionals or the reproduction of the already existing inequalities among participants. We will check if the Southern European region presents some participatory specifities in comparison with the regions that have been more studied by the academy. Lastly, some implications will be pointed at, for example in relation to the current Spanish political context. The indignados movement opened a broad debate about the decision-making process, defending a “real democracy”. New successful candidacies like Podemos and Ganemos/Guanyem have incorporated participatory democracy into their discourses, proposals and practices. We will address the question of what the relation between this new socio-political context and the citizens’ preferences and participatory mechanisms analysed in this dissertation could be.

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Mbane, Masibulele. « Community participation in the decision-making process in Mnquma Local Municipality ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018501.

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The study investigates community participation in the decision-making processes in Mnquma Local Municipality. The issue of community participation in decision making is receiving attention in South Africa, from both government and civil society sectors. Governments in many parts of the world have begun to take a fresh look at the need for public participation in decision-making processes. The main problem to be addressed in this study is the extent to which the community can be involved in decision making processes in Mnquma Local Municipality. To address the research problem and to achieve the aims of this study, an in depth review of the literature on decision making was done. The empirical search was done by distributing self-administered questionnaires to the participants in Mnquma Local Municipality. The research findings revealed that in Mnquma Local Municipality community participation in decision-making is not effective. Consequently, the delivery of services in this municipality is poor. Another factor that inhibits community participation in the decision making processes in the municipality is that most of the municipal documents are written in English a language in which the majority of the members of the community are not competent in because they are Xhosa speaking people. Recommendations for improved satisfaction in service delivery, communication, consultation, regular meetings, and language were made with regard to community participation in decision making. If these recommendations are implemented, they will assist Mnquma Local Municipality in the area of decision making.

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Siwahla, Lindiwe Lillian. « Voluntary associations as schools for democracy ? : a case study of the Sibanye Development Project ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004778.

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This is an empirical study of a voluntary association with a view to interrogate the theories of civil society and participation and their practice. These theories came to dominate debate on African politics and democratisation following disappointment with structural approaches to development and democracy. Disenchantment with the state whose role was emphasised by the structural approach led analysts and technocrats to turn their attention to human agency; hence the salience of the idea of popular participation in the public domain, and preoccupation with the idea of strengthening civil society. This trend gained momentum after the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall and demise of the communist block, and was accompanied by anti-statist sentiments on a global scale. Civil society organisations are seen as schools for democracy and agents of democratic consolidation, and are accordingly expected to perform two major tasks, namely instilling and disseminating a democratic political culture in and among participants and society at large, and promoting good governance. The aim therefore is to take advantage of the supposed intrinsic and utilitarian benefits of participation. As evident in a number of policy documents and legislation, the incumbent South African government embraces the idea of participatory democracy. However, not all analysts share this confidence in the capacity of civil society to perform these tasks. For some analysts public participation does not always have positive intrinsic benefits. Public participation may instead lead to a corrupted political culture deriving from the participants' attempts to survive in a public sphere characterised by manipulation and subtle political control, and it is civil society organisations lacking in organisational strength that are particularly vulnerable. The study revealed that unity between practice and theories of participation and civil society is a complex matter fraught with a number of ambiguities and contradictions. It revealed that though participation in the voluntary association in question does have educative benefits, those benefits do not extend to all the participants. In addition, the quality of that education is contingent upon a number of factors, some internal, others external. The internal and external factors reinforce one another. The internal factors pertain to the organisational dynamics of the voluntary association itself, and the external factors to the nature of the relationship between the voluntary association concerned and public authorities and other civil society organisations.
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Meikle-Yaw, Paulette. « Democracy satisfaction the role of social capital and civic engagement in local communities / ». Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-02242006-141038.

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Mphahlele, Stella Letsoalelo. « Assessing the challenges of public participation in Capricorn District Municipality : the case of Integrated Development Planning Process in Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality ». Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/402.

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Thesis (MPA)--University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011
Public participation in South Africa is provided for in various legislative prescripts, not limited to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996; White Paper on Local Government, 1998; Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, Act 117 of 1998; Local Government: Municipal Systems Act, Act 32 of 2000. Whereas all 283 municipalities in South Africa are required, as per these legislative prescripts, to conduct community participation, and whereas the same municipalities are pursuing the Integrated Development Planning Process (IDPP), community participation is not immune from problems and challenges. Pursuant to this, the research assessed public participation in the municipality under study, and found that these problems and challenges include among others, resource constraints; abuse of participatory structures by community elites and opportunists; marginalization of communities from decision-making; legitimacy of structures, through which the public participates. In addition, the following were identified: lack of creation of democratic culture of rights; lack of induction of the citizenry into democratic discourse and practice; lack of creation of mutual, reciprocal, and political tolerance; and a normative consensus as some key issues that will not auger well for a conducive public participatory environment in developmental planning processes. To be specific, the municipality under study has failed dismally in addressing certain areas of community participation in the municipality’s IDPP, such as, providing transport to members of the public to attend public participatory forums, utilization of ward committees as platforms for community participation, and ensuring representation of previously disadvantaged groups. vi Based on the critical issues raised and conclusions drawn, the study has therefore provided possible recommendations to resolve the problems and challenges of public participation in the municipality under study. Although the problems and challenges may not necessarily be generalized to other municipalities, the recommendations proffered, can also be populated to other municipalities, to add value in enhancing respective public participation, which is believed to consequently influence positively on service delivery

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Leistner, Paul Roland. « The Dynamics of Creating Strong Democracy in Portland, Oregon : 1974 to 2013 ». PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1521.

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Communities across the United States are experiencing a "civic revival" that is reconnecting community members with local decision-making and civic life in their communities. Since the 1980s, academic researchers and local governance reformers have advocated for a shift away from the traditional top-down, expert-driven approach to governance and toward a governance model in which government leaders and staff and community members work as partners to shape the community and make local decisions. Portland, Oregon, since the 1970s, has been known nationally and internationally as a city with a tradition of strong community involvement. Portland's successes and failures offer a valuable case study into what it takes to develop, implement, and sustain policies, structures, and programs that encourage greater participatory democracy. This dissertation reviews the evolution of Portland's community and neighborhood system from its creation in the 1970s through 2013 through an examination of the many reviews of the system over the years supplemented by reviews of newspaper accounts and informal, unstructured interviews with individuals who were involved in different processes and programs. This dissertation investigates which elements are important to the success of a city-wide community and neighborhood involvement system, the factors that help or hinder the adoption and implementation of system reforms, and strategies that help embed system advances to prevent them from being eroded or undone. This dissertation argues that a community that wants to move toward much greater participatory democracy and community governance must develop and implement a comprehensive strategy that accomplishes three goals: involving many more people in the civic life in their community, building community capacity to organize and be involved in local decision making, and significantly improving the willingness and ability of city leaders and staff to work in partnership with community members and organizations. This dissertation also argues that community and neighborhood involvement systems need to include not only traditional geographic-based neighborhood associations but also communities of people who find their community through shared identity.

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Robino, Carolina. « Citizen participation, decentralization and inclusive development : a survey on citizen participation and decentralization in South Africa with specific reference to the Eastern Cape c.2005 ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/875.

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Contemporary debates about development confer a prominent role to citizen participation and decentralization. Growing scepticism about the efficacy of narrowly conceived measures add pressure to reform development both theoretically and in practical terms. There is a greater understanding that ‘traditional’ development approaches and policies need to be reformulated and decentralization and citizen participation have been proposed as remedies to previous development failures. It is frequently argued that citizen participation will improve the efficiency and efficacy of public services. Citizen participation is meant to render local government more accountable and to contribute to deepening democracy, by reinforcing representative democratic institutions with participatory forms. At the same time, decentralization reforms have been proposed as a response to the failures of highly centralized states. From a political perspective, it is argued, decentralization reforms can help the central state gain legitimacy and have been seen as a strategy for maintaining political stability. It has been repeatedly suggested that physical proximity makes it easier for citizens to hold local officials accountable for their performance. From an economic perspective, decentralization can improve the match between the mix of services provided by the public sector and the preferences of the local population. It has also been noted that people are more willing to pay for services that respond to their priorities and that increased competition between local governments generates spaces for more creative responses adapted to local needs. But then, can decentralization and citizen participation live up to the faith and expectations that they have inspired? I argue that the literature commonly over-emphasises the role of citizen participation and decentralization in development and what these processes and reforms can achieve. Much of the evidence is anecdotal in nature and tends to neglect the specific contexts in which these processes take place. Also largely ignored are political economy considerations and a critical exploration of the relationship between these two key words. At best, when their interrelationships are addressed decentralization and citizen participation are conceived as based on a symbiotic relationship. I suggest, however, that the relationship between these two processes is not as straightforward as most of the literature assumes. The meanings of these two key words in current development lexicon are explored and critically assessed. I argue that whether or not the rising prominence of these two words actually means the emergence of a new development agenda is a moot point. It critically depends on the understandings of these ambiguous terms. The thesis adopts a political economy approach. Combined with this is an awareness of the broader historical and socio-economic context in which citizen participation and decentralization take place. The thesis applies these ideas triangulating diverse research methods and data sources. It combines a literature review and documentary analysis, a survey conducted with municipal authorities and civil society organizations in the Eastern Cape as well as structured interviews with Ward councillors and with key informants. From a theoretical perspective, the study lays a foundation for understanding the relationship between development policies outcomes and the nature of citizen participation and decentralization in developing countries. This, in turn, provides a basis from which citizen participation and decentralization in South Africa can be assessed and understood. The thesis presents evidence from a case study of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. By revealing how different dimensions of decentralization and citizen participation operate and intersect, the findings demonstrate, that contrary to common knowledge, citizen participation and decentralization are frequently at odds. Moreover, contrary to frequent statements, the research also shows that opening new spaces for participation in decentralized local governance can result in fewer changes and disappointing results at best, undermining the transformative potential of the concepts of participation and decentralization.

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Kim, Byoung Joon. « The Impact of the Internet on Civic and Political Participation in Local Governance : A Mulitilevel Model for Bridging Individual and Group Levels of Analysis ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26129.

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Politically interested individual citizens often use information and communication technology (ICT) to facilitate and augment their civic and political participation. At the local level, ICT plays an important role for communication and information sharing in order for local groups to create awareness and draw citizens into public deliberation about local issues and concerns. This research examines the interplay of individual and local group level factors in order to better understand the relationship between civic engagement and ICT, especially the internet, by using household survey data from the town of Blacksburg, Virginia and environs in 2005 and 2006. It seeks to reconcile those different levels of analysis relating to the use and impact of the internet on civic engagement in local governance. This study identifies the distinctive influences at both the individual citizen level and the group level by applying a multilevel statistical model (the Hierarchical Linear Model). First, this study found the effects of internal and external political efficacy and community collective efficacy as significant individual level influences on internet use for civic and political purposes. Second, group internet useâ which includes new internet technologiesâ and group political discussion were revealed as key influences on citizensâ perspectives on the helpfulness of the internet for civic and political purposes at the group level of analysis. Finally, in multilevel analysis, those recognized group level variables (group internet use and group political discussion and interests) led to positive agreement with the following statements: 1) the internet has helped me feel more connected with people like myself in the local area; 2) the internet has helped me feel more connected with a diversity of people in the local area; and 3) the internet has helped me become more involved in local issues that interest me when taking individual level variables into account.
Ph. D.

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Cloete, Jacob. « Public participation, political representation and accountability : the case of violence prevention through urban upgrading (VPUU) in Harare Khayelitsha, in Cape Town ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3790.

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Magister Commercii - MCom
The aim is to deepen the South African democracy at all levels of government. However, as local government is “the closest to the people” it is regarded by government as the most appropriate sphere to implement participatory democracy mechanisms. Pertaining to this, ward committees were introduced as the main participatory vehicle of local governance and in addition, the government has also implemented alternative instruments such as izimbizos and the integrated development planning (IDP) process to engage citizens in local governance.

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Mkhwanazi, John Sipho. « Ward committee functionaries as participants for improving service delivery at Mafube Local Municipality / John Sipho Mkhwanazi ». Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10640.

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The concept public participation as the bedrock of participatory democracy has the advantages of empowering civil society in decision-making skills and in legitimizing execution of programmes and projects. The vehicle driving public participation is the system of Ward Committees. legislations such as White Paper on Local Government and the Constitution obligate municipalities to involve communities in facilitating development. Participation is an essential part of local democracy and is a statutory prerequisite for the local community to be drawn into decision-making through processes such as the integrated development planning. The task of Mafube Local Municipality is not only to provide services that encourage sustainable living standards but, to also guarantee that the Mafube community is involved in council strategies and activities that affect the lives of local community. The study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of ward committees in becoming partners in the developmental role of Mafube Local Municipality. For the purpose of the study, hypothesis was formulated that ward committees are necessary mechanisms for facilitating service delivery and yet social and administrative challenges confront their efficient functioning at Mafube Local Municipality which needs to be resolved. To test the hypothesis, empirical research method of open ended questionnaires and interviews was used to test attitudes and perceptions of councillors, ward committees and the community of Mafube Local Municipality on the effectiveness of ward committees. Amongst other findings, it was found that: * Ward committees as community structures are well known by the community of Mafube. * Ward committees need an on-going training with regard to their roles and responsibilities so that they are empowered to execute their duties as is required of them. * The literacy level among certain ward committee members poses a challenge in enabling them to understand municipal programmes or projects. * Public participation is viewed as consultation because there is minimal participation of the community during the planning and decision making of the municipal programmes or projects. * Majority of community members do not attend ward or public meetings. * Elections of ward committees are sometimes not fair and transparent, depending on political affiliation. The study concludes with recommendations for consideration and implementation by Council of Mafube Local Municipality in enhancing service delivery.
M Development and Management (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

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Misnikov, Yuri. « Public activism online in Russia : participation in web-based interactive political debate in the context of civil society development and transition to democracy ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539687.

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Wohlgemuth, Daniel. « Den responsiva demokratin ? : Effekter av medborgarnas delaktighet i den lokala demokratin ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7082.

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Nampila, Tutaleni. « Assessing community participation : the Huidare informal settlement ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2238.

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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
This study evaluates community participation in the Huidare Informal Settlement (HDIS) as a case study. The hypothesis is that the breach of trust between the previous community leaders of the HDIS and the current community members has an effect on community participation in issues affecting them and their community today. The research methodology employed is explained as well as the policy context for community participation both on an international level and in Namibia, is reviewed. The legislation on community participation that has been enforced by the City of Windhoek contradicts what happened in the HDIS. The possibility will be investigated as to whether these policy documents of the City of Windhoek are only another form of tokenism.

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Peter, Zola Welcome. « The role of ward committees in enhancing community participation : a South African perspective ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19938.

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Community participation in municipal affairs is the bedrock of participatory democracy, and it has been hailed as the panacea for most public community programmes in South Africa. High-level public community participation empowers communities, increases self-reliance, self-awareness and confidence in self-examination of problems and seeking solutions for them. Community behavioural changes are promoted and utilisation and support of services is facilitated, which are of great significance to all community efforts, especially in areas where the service delivery rate from municipalities is low. The vehicle for driving community participation is the system of ward committees, legislation that is rooted in the Constitution, the Municipal Structures Act, and the Municipal Systems Act. The study sees community participation as people being involved in government decision-making that affects them directly or indirectly. It involves three types of action, namely facilitating rational deliberation, creating and communicating moral principles, and expressing personal and group affects and needs. This research investigated the role of ward committees in enhancing community participation from a South African perspective. Municipalities are organisations tasked with ensuring the equal distribution of services to local communities. Municipalities were chosen on the basis of commitment to communicate effectively with the community and in turn to encourage the community to participate fully in municipal activities. The study is conducted within the parameters of the Constitution of South Africa (1996), which mandates local government to provide a democratic and accountable local government, and to encourage the involvement of communities in the matters of local government. Section 152(1)(e) of the Constitution stipulates that the objective of local government, amongst others, is to ensure the involvement of communities and community organisations in matters of local government, and section 73 of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act (Act No. 117 of 1998), further requires municipalities to establish ward committees in a manner that seeks to enhance participatory democracy at the local sphere of government. The study therefore investigated the role of ward committees in enhancing community participation. Ward committees are advisory bodies created at ward level in terms of the Municipal Structures Act (Act No. 117 of 1998), and consist of the ward councillor (who is the chair) and not more than 10 members representing diverse groups within a particular ward. The White Paper on Local Government (1998) further indicates that municipal councils should promote the involvement of citizens and community groups in the design and delivery of municipal programmes. A literature survey was conducted to investigate and conceptualise the role of ward committees in enhancing community participation, and to determine the responsibilities of ward committees in municipalities. A desktop approach was used to track down useful existing pre-published information (also known as secondary research), with the data collection coming from secondary sources, such as municipal records. A number of recommendations regarding the improvement of ward committees were made. Recommendations are provided for enhancing community participation in different municipalities in South Africa. It is envisaged that these changes could impact positively in encouraging community participation and ultimately improve service delivery.

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SANTANA, Gildo Ribeiro de. « Agricultura familiar e participação política no desenvolvimento local ». Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6077.

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This research study focuses on participatory democracy and local development in the direct environment of social movements, particularly the family farmers that make up the City Council for Sustainable Rural Development (CMDRS). Our interest in researching the participation of farmer and farmer family turns to understand the direct participatory democracy in CMDRS lived together for local development. The municipality of Araçoiaba belonging to mesoregion Metropolitan Recife, will host locus of our research. The theoretical permeates the following categories: family farming, political participation and local development. As for the theorists who have supported the work, the study of family farming, were relevant readings Abramovay (1997, 2000, 2009), and Campanhola Silva (2000), Navarro (2010), Schneider (2003, 2009), Silva (1998, 2002) and Veiga (2003). Regarding the studies on political participation, we use Bourdieu (1989, 2010), Buarque (2003), Demo (1999), Gadotti (2000), Gohn (1997, 2010, 2011), Rattner (2000), Sousa Santos ( 2002, 2005, 2007), Sawaia (2009) and Xiberras (1996). About the local development, we have relied on Cavalcanti (1994), Franco (2000), Jesus (2003, 2007), Lima (2005), Milanez (2003), and Silveira Reis (2000), Veiga (2008), Santos Tauk and Callou (2006) and Zapata (2000). The methodological orientation part of qualitative research seeks to analyze and interpret the phenomenon that this research intends. We used the inductive method, which considers the process as the main focus. To conduct the research, use research and documentary analysis. With regard to empirical evidence, guided us direct observation and semi-structured interviews with farmers and family farmers represented by CDMAR. Finally, to analyze the findings of the research, we use the Discourse Analysis (DA), in light of the French line, which privileges the senses and resignified constructed by the interlocutors (ORLANDI, 1999). The narratives analyzed emphasize understanding the meanings that were produced through the interviews. Accordingly, the reported link to relevant conclusions about political participation in daily CDMAR exerted by family farmers, is also evident that the official ATER contributes significantly, those processes that link to local development. Despite the finding of low mobilization, coupled with the significant drop in the forums promoted by the council realize that participation practiced here enables changes and provides empowerment, creating conditions for the expansion of citizen participation. Thus, participatory processes common in daily CDMAR contribute to the local development of Araçoiaba.
Esta pesquisa aborda estudo sobre a democracia participativa direta e o desenvolvimento local no ambiente dos movimentos sociais, com destaque para os agricultores e agricultoras familiares que integram o Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável (CMDRS). Nosso interesse em pesquisar a participação do agricultor e agricultora familiares se volta para compreender se a democracia participativa direta vivenciada no CMDRS coopera para o desenvolvimento local. O município de Araçoiaba, pertencente à mesorregião Metropolitana do Recife, sediará nosso lócus da pesquisa. O referencial teórico permeia as seguintes categorias: agricultura familiar, participação política e desenvolvimento local. Quanto aos teóricos que deram suporte ao trabalho, no estudo da agricultura familiar, foram relevantes as leituras de Abramovay (1997; 2000; 2009), Campanhola e Silva, (2000), Navarro (2010), Schneider (2003; 2009), Silva (1998; 2002) e Veiga (2003). No que diz respeito a estudos sobre participação política, utilizamos Bourdieu (1989; 2010), Buarque (2003), Demo (1999), Gadotti (2000), Gohn (1997; 2010; 2011), Rattner (2000), Sousa Santos (2002; 2005; 2007), Sawaia (2009) e Xiberras (1996). Acerca do desenvolvimento local, baseamo-nos em Cavalcanti (1994), Franco (2000), Jesus (2003; 2007), Lima (2005), Milanez (2003), Silveira e Reis (2000), Veiga (2008), Tauk Santos e Callou (2006) e Zapata (2000). A orientação metodológica parte de pesquisa qualitativa e visa a analisar e interpretar o fenômeno a que essa pesquisa intenciona. Para tanto, utilizamos o método indutivo, que considera o processo como foco principal. Para a condução da investigação, utilizamos pesquisa e análise documental. No que se refere aos dados empíricos, guiaram-nos a observação direta e a entrevista semiestruturada com os agricultores e agricultoras familiares representados pelo CDMAR. Por fim, para analisar os achados da pesquisa, utilizamos a Análise do Discurso (AD), à luz da linha francesa, que privilegia os sentidos e ressignificados construídos pelos interlocutores (ORLANDI, 1999). As narrativas analisadas privilegiam a compreensão dos sentidos que foram produzidos através dos discursos dos entrevistados. Nesse sentido, os relatados apontam para conclusões relevantes sobre a participação política exercida no cotidiano do CDMAR pelos agricultores e agricultoras familiares, sendo também evidenciado que a ATER oficial contribui, de forma expressiva, nesses processos que apontam para o desenvolvimento local. Apesar da constatação da baixa mobilização, somada à significativa evasão nos fóruns promovidos pelo conselho, percebemos que a participação ali praticada possibilita mudanças e proporciona empoderamento, criando condições para o alargamento da participação cidadã,. Logo, os processos participativos comuns, no cotidiano do CDMAR, contribuem para o desenvolvimento local de Araçoiaba.

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Dywili, Siyanda. « The role of public participation in the integrated development planning process : Chris Hani District Municipality ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14983.

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Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, in Chapter 7, requires all municipalities to encourage members of the public to participate in the matters of local government. Public participation is the process by which public concerns, needs, and values are integrated into governmental and corporate decision making. The Integrated Development Plan is an example of local government instruments which seek public participation in order to address community needs through service delivery. Consequently, this study was to explore the role of public participation in the Integrated Development Planning process of the Chris Hani District Municipality. The main objectives of this study were to understand the IDP making process, establish the importance of public participation, understand the role played by the municipality to encourage public participation in the IDP processes, understand the influence of IDP in service delivery and to make recommendations based on the findings presented. To conduct this study, qualitative research methodology was employed. The population sample comprised of councillors and municipal officials. Structured interviews were conducted with the councillors, while semi-structured interviews were held with municipal officials. The findings of the study revealed that the Chris Hani District Municipality views public participation as an integral part of the IDP making process. Measures and strategies are taken by the municipality to enhance public involvement in all matters of the municipality, including the IDP process. To achieve this the municipality partners with a number of stakeholders such as the local municipalities, government departments and organised groups. However, this is not enough hence recommendations are presented to improve this situation. Recommendations proposed include introducing capacity building programmes for councillors, establishment of a public participation unit, availing budget for public participation and educating members of the public about public participation and the IDP process.

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Fall, Pontus. « Politiskt deltagande hos Kanistammen i Kerala : en fallstudie / ». Thesis, Huddinge : Södertörn University College. School of Social Sciences, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:15742/FULLTEXT01.

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Benjamin, Esone Ntoko. « CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS IN CAMEROON " Assessing the role of CSOs in Development" ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97869.

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With the present level of poverty, growing inequality and the inability to provide public goods, some developing countries to an extent have turned to CSOs as an alternative solution for the much-needed sustenance. This study examines the contribution of CSOs in development and is carried out in Cameroon against the backdrop of inadequate infrastructures, low household income, generalized poverty and tense political atmosphere that could trigger inclusive policies and practices to enable peace and development prevail. In as much as the debate on the legitimacy, representativeness and the shrinking spaces of CSOs remains, this research addresses the role of CSOs in the development process of Cameroon and argues that within the context of poverty alleviation, climate change and democracy promotion CSOs can be active partners in development. For, when the state-centred approach to development fails or becomes inadequate, the acknowledgement that non-state actors can play a vital and indispensable role in the development dispensation of countries becomes an option for consideration. In developing my argument, two theories inherent within the Civil society scholarship, political participation and participatory development were applied to demonstrate how CSOs participate, the kind of relationship existing between CSOs, the state and the private sector for meaningful development to prevail was explored and analysed. Findings indicate, CSOs to an extent, significantly participate in enhancing development despite some constraints. The study was carried out as a qualitative abductive case study using remote qualitative interviews. The raison d’etre for the use of remote interviews was as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and has been explained appropriately in the qualitative design method. However, other sources of data explored for the fulfilment of the thesis included documentation from secondary sources, grey literature, CSOs, government and international organisations documentations. Empirically this study draws from existing literature especially from Cameroon and Peace and development studies.

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Zungu, Patricia Thandiwe. « An examination of the extent of participation by non-governmental organisations (NGO's) in the legislative process of the KwaZulu-Natal legislature ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26071.

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This study entails an examination of the extent of participation by non-governmental organisations (NGO’s) in the legislative process of the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature (KZN legislature). It aims to explore how far these NGO’s have taken advantage of the new South African policy based on transparency, openness and accountability. It is hypothesized that organised groups such as these have been very involved in government decision-making processes, since the start of the new democratic South Africa in 1994. This study, however, proves that there is minimal public participation and especially NGO participation in the KZN Legislature in particular and in government in general. It further uncovers various problems experienced by these NGO’s in trying to participate in the legislative process. The legislature’s inaccessibility was seen as one of the major inhibiting factors. Apathy and lack of interest in the legislative process were also identified as a problem amongst these NGO’s. This study has raised many issues that both the NGO sector and the KZN Legislature itself have to address in order that our newly founded democracy can be truly nurtured. This study is divided into two parts. The first part explores literature on democracy, that enables the policy making process and civil society to help give a clear indication on what various authors think should be the input of civil society in the policy making process of any democratic country. The second part looks at the South African situation and the findings of this study.
Dissertation (MA (Political Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Political Sciences
unrestricted

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Mineur, Eva. « Towards sustainable development : Indicators as a tool of local governance ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Political Science, Umeå Universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1428.

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Nilsson, Sandra. « The sustentation situation for women in Arequipa : A field study on local development in southern Peru ». Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1195.

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The Peruvian society is one of the most unequal in the world and despite the growing economy the centralised political tradition impedes the trickling-down of wealth down to the people who need it the most. In Arequipa in southern Peru an initiative called the Programme for Rural Development (PRD) was commenced in the beginning of 2007 with the purpose of consolidating democracy and promote economic development, foremost for women. The programme was developed by Svalorna together with their cooperation organisations at location in Arequipa.

This investigation is both descriptive and explorative with a purpose of both describing the current economic and social situation in these departments as well as in a more normative manner explore the possible ways to go forward and issues that need further attention in regard to the PRD. The investigation has been realised as a qualitative field based study with the aim of emphasising on the views and opinions of the women in the different departments with the purpose of putting the women at a grass root level in focus. Therefore the methodological approach which permeates the entire study is a ‘bottom-up’ implementation analysis. The process of collecting information has implied field studies, where observation, interviews and interaction has been used as techniques, as well as a vast collection of background to the current socioeconomic situation which also has been necessary.

Conducting this investigation has lead to many interesting and useful conclusions regarding the contemporary and future sustentation situation for women and youth in the rural parts of Arequipa. This study will emphasise the importance of invisible actions within rural development, such as strengthening the common identity and objectives, considered to be the foundation to organising, both in regard to democratic participation as well as economic activities. In regard to entrepreneurship or the initiation of small scale businesses, components such as involvement from the rest of the family, sharing of skills and experiences within the group, access to capital, follow up and evaluation, are vital. Overall, the inhabitants need to participate in their own development process and receive assistance from a holistic programme that takes in consideration all elements in the life of the women.

Klyftorna i det peruanska samhället är några av de största i världen och trots att ekonomin för tillfället växer så att det knakar, så hindrar den starka traditionen av politisk centralisering att överskottet kommer alla människor tillgodo. I staden Arequipa i södra Peru inleddes i början av 2007 Programmet för landsbygdsutveckling (PRD) med syfte att förstärka demokratiska processer och främja ekonomisk utveckling, framförallt för kvinnor. Programmet utvecklades av Svalorna tillsammans med deras samarbetsorganisationer på plats i Arequipa.

Denna undersökning är både deskriptiv och explorativ. Den har som syfte att både beskriva den nuvarande ekonomiska och sociala situationen i de aktuella områdena kring Arequipa samt att mer normativt beskriva möjliga vägar framåt och problem som behöver ytterligare uppmärksamhet från PRD. Studien genomfördes genom en kvalitativ fältstudie med målet att vara lyhörd för, samt främhäva, kvinnornas egna åsikter och synpunkter som grund för resultat och analysdel. Detta för att sätta kvinnan på gräsrotsnivå i fokus och därav har det övergripande metodiska angreppssättet bestått av en botten-upp implementationsanalys. Insamlingsprocessen av information har inneburit både en fältstudie där observationer, intervjuer och interaktioner har använts som tekniker, men också en omfattande litteraturstudie har varit nödvändig. Detta för att erhålla bakgrundsmaterial till den nuvarande socioekonomiska situationen i landet.

Genomförandet av denna studie har inneburit många intressanta och användbara slutsatser vad gäller den nuvarande och framtida försörjningssituationen för kvinnor och ungdomar på landsbygden i Arequipa. Undersökningen betonar betydelsen av osynliga handlingar inom landsbygdsutvecklingen, så som stärkandet av den gemensamma identiteten och sammanställandet av gemensamma mål att sträva efter, både gällande demokratisk deltagande och ekonomiska aktiviteter. Vad gäller entreprenörskap och uppstartandet av småskaliga affärsverksamheter så är komponenter som engagemang från resten av familjen, delandet av kunskaper och erfarenheter inom gruppen, tillgång till kapital, uppföljning och utvärdering helt avgörande för projektets framgång. För att konkludera så behöver invånarna delta i sin egen utvecklingsprocess och delta med assistens från ett holistiskt sammansatt program som tar alla delar av kvinnornas liv i betraktande.

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Mkentane, Benjamin Zolile. « An investigation of public participation in municipal planning and performance evaluation : a case study of Mnquma Local Municipality ». Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007119.

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The participation of communities and community organizations in Municipal governance is set in terms of the law as a mechanism to deepen democracy. Municipalities are required to develop a culture of governance that complements representative democracy with community participation. However the participation of communities in local governance has not translated to the strengthening of governance and the deepening of democracy as municipalities have not done enough to involve communities in municipal affaires. Lack of human resources, and financial capacity have been cited as some of the reasons that beset municipalities and undermine citizen participation. Municipalities have taken steps to encourage community participation and these include establishment of structures to enable participation, however without the guidance and financial support of the municipalities these structures are not able to perform their functions. In spite of all the efforts made by municipalities to encourage participation, a culture of community participation has not yet taken root in local government. While the legislative framework provides for communities to participate, practice shows that the implementation of legislation is complex and requires dedicated capacities within the councils to be effective. This can be achieved when municipalities develop their own community participation policies which address their special circumstances, which must be reviewed on a regular basis. Unless communities are empowered with knowledge on the available participation mechanisms, the dream of a culture of participation will remain just that, a dream. Thus civic education coupled with capacity building of officials will assist in ensuring the development of a culture of participation. Council must also develop mechanisms to evaluate the effectiveness of community participation processes and procedures, to avoid a one size fits all approach. It is imperative that councils as the legislative arm of municipalities must lead the process and not leave everything to the executive arm.

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Carlsson, Fredrik. « Demokratisk innovation eller ett spel för gallerierna ? : En demokratiteoretisk utvärdering av Participatory Budgeting i en svensk kommun ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-114430.

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The aim of this thesis is to explore the institutional design of Participatory Budgeting (PB) in Sweden and how the design may contribute to realize central democratic goods. The study records the different PB experiences in Sweden and focuses on one particular case, which is the only case that successfully qualifies as a genuine PB-process according to international standards and definitions. To examine this, the following questions are asked: which municipalities in Sweden have implemented Participatory Budgeting? How can the institutional design of Participatory Budgeting be described and to what extent does it enable the realization of central democratic goods? To what extent does the institutional design enable the realization of the democratic goods inclusion, popular control, considered judgment and transparency? To what extent does the institutional design enable the realization of the institutional goods of efficiency and transferability? The study is based on an institutional theory of democracy. The method used is a mixed method ideal type analysis that combines document analysis, surveys and interviews. The results of the study indicates that the PB-institutions has multiple flaws regarding the way it enables the realization of numerous of the democratic goods analyzed. The institutional design does not pay enough attention to inclusion of different social groups including marginalized groups, popular control is restricted to issues of low political salience and the PB process does not live up to the transparency level expected from a democratic institution. On the other hand, the institutional design of the PB process does take into account some aspects of inclusion among the youth inhabitants and the process has been effective in the sense that it has delivered physical results quickly.

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Volpe, Stella. « Quels droits politiques pour les non-citoyens ? : genèse de l'expérience de représentation à Rome, 2000-2008 ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1009.

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La recherche porte sur un système de représentation mis en place à Rome au niveau local en 2004, dans le but d'impliquer les non citoyens européens résidant dans la capitale italienne, dans le processus de prise de décisions collectives. Un tel système de représentation est composé de deux formes de représentation différentes: il s'agit, primo, de quatre «conseillers ajoutés» élus périodiquement au Conseil municipal de Rome par les non citoyens européens résidents et, secundo, de la «Consulta pour la représentation des communautés étrangères» également élue périodiquement et simultanément aux «conseillers ajoutés» par les non citoyens européens résidents. Une analyse comparative approfondie de ces deux formes de représentation, dont un tel système représentatif bicéphale est composé, nous permet de vérifier nos hypothèses de fond. Voici la première : ces deux formes de représentation sont conçues et réalisées suivant deux logiques tout à fait différentes, voire antithétiques, sinon incompatibles, de sorte que ce que l'on donne pour acquis, le fait que de telles formes de représentation peuvent bien coexister s'intégrant l'une à l'autre, est en fait à mettre en question. Voici la deuxième : un tel système représentatif est une sorte de réactualisation, sous certains aspects, des premières formes de participation politique par le biais de représentants élus dans une conjoncture nouvelle, car certaines de ses caractéristiques marquent un retour aux formes initiales du gouvernement représentatif. De la sorte, ce que l'on donne pour acquis, le fait que ce système de représentation est bien novateur, voire il constitue une véritable nouveauté, est en fait à mettre en question
This research is about a representative system, which was implemented in Rome at the local level in 2004, to involve not European citizens living in the Italian Capital in decision making process. This representative system is composed of two different forms of representation : firstly, four "Added (town) Councillors", who are periodically elected into the Rome municipal Council by not European citizens living in Rome; secondly, the "City Consulta representing foreign communities", which is also periodically elected simultaneously with the four "Added (town) Councillors" by not European citizens living in Rome. By performing a comparative analysis of the two forms of representation this bicephalous representative system is composed of, we will be able to test our main hypotheses. The first one is that these two forms of representation are conceived and implemented according to two very different, contrasting, antithetic logics, which are opposed to one another, if not incompatible. Therefore, it requires us to call into question a priori assumptions about the compatibility of these two forms of representation. The second one is that, in some regards, this representative system is somewhat of a readjustment of the initial forms of political participation through elected representatives under the present circumstances, for the reason that its underlying principles are partially in contrast to today's top trending characteristics of contemporary Western democracies, but similar to nascent modern democracies' characteristics. Therefore, it requires us to call into question a priori assumptions that this representative system is absolutely innovative, or even a real novelty

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Links, Ralph Ronald. « An examination of the challenges in intergrated development planning and budget alignment at Amathole District Municipality, (Eastern Cape) ». Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3176.

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The traditional mandate of local government is to deliver sustainable services to communities. The evolution of local government has since put more emphasis on evidence based planning in the form of IDP and sound financial management. The relationship between the IDP and Budget is that, a) the IDP contains community needs, objectives and strategies on how these will be responded or dealt with by the municipality, and b) the budget is the financial plan to execute strategies that need to be employed. The purpose of the study was to examine challenges in integrated development plan and the budget alignment of Amathole District Municipality. The study moved from the premise that municipalities are different and ADM has been in the fore front in terms of producing IDP and Budget. The study therefore is based on the assumption that the Amathole District Municipality has challenges in the IDP and Budget alignment. The study proposed to give a background of the scholarly literature of the IDP and Budget of local government. The empirical survey and research methodology used in the study is described and explained in-depths and followed by data collection in the form of the questionnaire. The research findings of the empirical survey are then analysed and reported in statistical form.

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Teixeira, Ana Claudia Chaves 1973. « Para além do voto : uma narrativa sobre a democracia participativa no Brasil (1975-2010) ». [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280537.

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Orientador: Luciana Ferreira Tatagiba
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T02:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_AnaClaudiaChaves_D.pdf: 1351247 bytes, checksum: 53405143479033b9cc90462019e5ae5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A democracia participativa foi uma construção histórica, feita por atores concretos de esquerda que, buscando responder a problemas concretos, fizeram escolhas e produziram experiências e discursos que resultaram na ampliação dos sentidos da democracia no Brasil. Esta tese busca cotejar passado e presente, tendo como ponto de partida os sentidos e as opções históricas que os atores tinham diante de si no contexto dos anos 1970. Ao utilizar textos produzidos em cada período, tanto de acadêmicos quanto de militantes, o trabalho recupera as distintas visões e o imaginário social construído sobre o tema no interior da esquerda e busca compreender porque determinados modelos institucionais de democracia participativa e não outros saíram "vencedores". Aqui, o patamar normativo é inserido como elemento da avaliação e não algo que deva ser superado em nome de uma avaliação objetiva das experiências de democracia participativa
Abstract: Participatory democracy was a historic building, made by concrete left actors that seek to respond to concrete problems. These actors made choices and produced experiences and discourses that resulted in the expansion of the meanings of democracy in Brazil. This thesis aims to collate past and present, taking as its starting point the senses and historical options that actors had in the context of the 1970s. Using texts produced in each period, both academics and activists, the thesis retrieves distinct visions and social imaginary built on the theme inside the left and tries to understand why certain institutional models for participatory democracy and not others were "winners". Here, the normative level is part of the evaluation and not something that should be surpassed in the name of an objective evaluation of the experiences of participatory democracy
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutora em Ciências Sociais

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Drozdz, Martine. « Regeneration b(d)oom : territoires et politique de la régénération urbaine par projet à Londres ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20088.

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Marges en déclin sociodémographique dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, les quartiers d’inner city sesituent aujourd’hui au coeur de la stratégie de développement de Londres. Ils constituent désormais un espacesoupape où se négocient les conséquences sociales et spatiales de la globalisation dans la capitale britannique.Le modèle politique et urbain de la régénération qui préside à ce changement se stabilise à la fin de ladécennie 1980 dans un consensus entrepreneurial, compétitif et partenarial. Cependant, sa territorialisation dans les anciens quartiers d’inner city est discrète et inachevée et fait place à de nombreux reliquats de l'intervention de la puissance publique, loin de l’image d’un retrait univoque de l’État. L'agenda néotravailliste des années 2000 modifie ce modèle en y introduisant des normes de durabilité, de reconnaissance des minorités et un impératif participatif. À Londres, cette évolution se traduit par la mise en place d’une politique territoriale spécifique, les zones d’opportunité, dont le but est initialement d’arrimer le développement des inner cities à celui des marchés immobiliers péricentraux. Nous montrons qu’en l’absence de mécanisme de redistribution suffisamment contraignant, cette politique a conduit dans les faits à une accélération de la privatisation du parc de logements publics et à une généralisation des formes de gentrification clé-en-main (new-built gentrification). La coalition conservateurs / libéraux-démocrates au pouvoir depuis 2010 a partiellement maintenu les dispositifs participatifs dans les programmes de régénération. Cependant, nous montrons comment le contexte d’austérité a conduit dans certains cas à une forme de privatisation du fonctionnement même de la démocratie urbaine locale. Le modèle de la régénération, ses impasses et ses injustices, est désormais contesté dans plusieurs sphères politiques, mais les protestations sont fragmentées et peinent à se généraliser en raison même de la géographie spécifique de la régénération, par projet
The inner city was at the margin and in decline for most of the second half of the 20th century. Today it is an essential part in London's development strategy. It works as a relief valve for the social and spatial pressure induced by globalisation in the capital city of the United Kingdom. Regeneration policies are the political and spatial model driving this transformation. From the late 1980s the regeneration consensus revolved around three principles: it had to be funded by property-led entrepreneurial investments, distributed by competitions between territories and governed by public-private partnerships, thus realising the neoliberalisation of space.However, the delivery of regeneration projects in old inner city areas is discontinuous and incomplete. Itmakes space for numerous state interventions which show that we are far from a complete withdrawal of thestate. In the 2000s, New Labour policies append new norms to the regeneration model: the notions ofdurability, acknowledgement of minority rights, and the imperative to become more participative. In Londonthis has led to the creation of the "opportunity areas" policy, which has attempted to propel the development of the inner city by the boom of the property markets on the edge of the city centre. In the absence of stronger coercing distributive mechanisms, we show that this policy has in fact led to the faster privatisation of public housing and extended the range of "new-built gentrification". The Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition have dismantled many of the regeneration participative regimes. In some cases, austerity policies have triggered the privatisation of core functions in local urban democracy. This model, with its shortcomings and injustice, is criticized in the public sphere but protests remain fragmented and are struggling to become established, because of the very geography of project-based regeneration

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Monaco, Sara. « Neighbourhood Politics in Transition : Residents' Associations and Local Government in Post-Apartheid Cape Town / ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Uppsala universitetsbibliotek [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8434.

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Mqulwana, Nimrod Mbuyiseli. « Evaluating the impact of public participation on the formulation and implementation of the Integrated Development Plan : the case of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (2004-2008) ». Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001247.

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Local Government has a critical role to play in rebuilding local communities and environments as the basis for a democratic, integrated prosperous and truly non-racial society and this is enshrined in Chapter 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. The key focus area of this research study is the evaluation of the impact of Public Participation on the formulation and implementation of the Integrated Development Plan in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality for the period 2004 – 2008. This research study has two aims that are related to public participation in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality and they are: - To evaluate the impact of public participation in the Integrated Development Plan in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality and whether public participation is seen as a vehicle to enhance policy formulation and implementation or not especially with respect to community ownership of the Integrated Development Plan. To provide strategies/mechanisms to remedy the situation. The research study is people focused and the methodogical approach that is used in this investigation is qualitative and quantitative. The target groups for this research is the Community residing in the jurisdiction area of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, Metro Councillors and Municipal Officials.

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Lundin, Julia. « Medborgardialoger – demokratisering för politisk jämlikhet ? : En fallstudie av medborgardialoger i två svenska kommuner som uttryck av deliberativ demokrati ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443560.

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Rätten till politisk delaktighet skapar möjligheter för medborgare att göra anspråk på sina mänskliga rättigheter, och därmed möjliggör för medborgare att påverka sina levnadsförhållanden. Frånvaron av möjligheter till att delta och att kunna påverka beslut är därmed ett betydande rättighetsproblem. Uppsatsen har sin start i den politiska ojämlikheten som har påvisats i Sverige, där den allmänna rösträtten inte verkar räcka till för att garantera politisk jämlikhet. I utredningar föreslås medborgardialog som en lösning. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om medborgardialoger, initierade av Hallstahammars kommun och Västerås stad, kan förstås som ett uttryck av deliberativ demokrati. För att studera detta avgränsades deliberativ demokrati till fem normativa deliberativa ideal; argumentation, inkludering, jämlikhet, transparens och beslutspåverkan. Dessa ideal ses som rimliga villkor för deliberativ demokrati och har mätts mot kommunernas medborgardialoger med hjälp av en kvalitativ fallstudie med textanalys. Uppsatsens resultat visar på att medborgardialog kan förstås som ett uttryck för deliberativ demokrati när det gäller en del normativa villkor, men i det stora hela så brister medborgardialogerna i de utvalda deliberativa idealen. Hallstahammars kommun är ett uttryck deliberativ demokrati i större utsträckning än Västerås stad. Kommunernas fortsatta arbete med att utveckla medborgardialoger är därför av största vikt och i synnerhet genom att utveckla riktlinjer och strategier explicit för att främja den politiska jämlikheten för samtliga kommunmedborgare. Uppsatsen har resulterat i en sammanfattande guide för att genomföra medborgardialoger med deliberativa kvalitéer.
The right to political participation creates opportunities for citizens to claim their human rights, thereby enabling citizens to influence their living conditions. The absence of opportunities to participate and to be able to influence decisions is therefore a significant human rights problem. The paper starts with the political inequality that has been demonstrated in Sweden, where voting rights does not seem to be enough to guarantee political equality. In studies, citizen dialogues are proposed as a solution. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether citizen dialogues, initiated by Hallstahammar municipality and Västerås municipality, can be understood as an expression of deliberative democracy. To study this, deliberative democracy was limited to five normative deliberative ideals: argumentation, inclusion, equality, transparency and decision-making influence. These ideals are reasonable conditions for deliberative democracy and have been measured against municipal citizen dialogues in a qualitative case study using text analysis as a tool. The result of the study shows that citizen dialogues can be understood as an expression of deliberative democracy when it comes to some normative conditions, but overall, the citizen dialogues lack in the chosen ideals. Hallstahammar municipality is an expression of deliberative democracy to a greater extent than Västerås municipality. The continued work of municipalities in developing citizen dialogues is therefore of the utmost importance and by developing guidelines and strategies explicitly to promote political equality for all municipal citizens. The study has resulted in a guide to conduct citizen dialogues with deliberative qualities.

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Otto, Hannelie. « The creation of an internet public sphere by the Independent Electoral Commission / H. Otto ». Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/487.

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A prerequisite for a healthy, sustainable democracy is an informed citizenry that partakes in the democratic process. This line of thought can be drawn back to the work of Habermas (Habermas, 1989:49). Accordingly, such active engagement necessitates communication to transpire between a citizenry and its chosen representatives as to sustain the democratic process. This also suggests that citizens should be able to participate in the communication process. Consequently, in recent years much discourse on the media and democracy correlation has focused on the potential role that the internet could play in the furtherance of democratic values. Optimistically, a virtual political public forum in which matters of general political concern are discussed could enhance political participation and the consolidation of political rights. The Habermasian public-sphere model incorporates three key elements, which could be applied in this context persons should have universal access to the sphere, the freedom to express diverse opinions, the freedom to receive diverse opinions and information, in addition to the freedom of participating in the public sphere without interference from state or mercantile imperatives (cf.Habermas, 1989). A qualitative content analysis of the web site of Elections Canada showed that the supposedly non-operational public-sphere model could be recovered within a new media context such as the internet despite the fact that the inherent interactive nature of the internet was not fully exploited by Elections Canada. Against this background, the assumption was made that the public-sphere's concepts could also be applied in the context of a developing democracy and accordingly that the sustainability of the democratic system could be further consolidated. The Electoral Commission (IEC) was chosen as a case study, since it is constitutionally mandated to establish a democratic South African society. The creation of an internet public sphere could therefore be one of the ways in which the IEC could contribute to this consolidation process. Through extensive content analysis, it was established that the organisational web site of the IEC was mainly expended as an information dissemination and organisational image-profiling tool. As a result the web site was did not focus on participatory communication. Universal access to the web site was also rather restricted, resulting in limited web site participation to voters from specific socio-economic, cultural, and language backgrounds. It was discovered, nevertheless, that some of the contents available on the web site could at least facilitate 'offline" participatory democracy and public opinion formation. Therefore, although the web site did not implement all of the normative prescriptions of the public-sphere ideal, voters were able to retrieve valuable electoral information that would assist them in capably participating in electoral democracy.
Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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Nielsen, Peder. « Kommunindelning och demokrati ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Government, 2003. http://books.google.com/books?id=ksiIAAAAMAAJ.

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Alexander, J. R. « Community indicators : development, monitoring and reporting ». Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1164.

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The New Zealand Government is striving to improve the way it measures progress and plans for change in an integrated ‘whole of government’ manner. The Local Government Act 2002 serves to strengthen participatory democracy and community governance. Under the Act, local authorities are charged with monitoring, and, not less than once every three years, reporting on the progress made by the community in achieving its outcomes for the district or region. These outcomes belong to the community and encompass what the community considers important to progress towards. Indicators that measure economic, social, environmental, cultural and democratic progress at local level are a primary tool that local authorities use to measure the progress towards their desired outcomes. To successfully track progress, it is important that indicators are technically sound and reflect the values of the entire community. The monitoring of indicators is expected to be ongoing and participatory. The New Zealand Government has leant heavily towards a decentralised locally driven approach to community indicators. The purpose of this study was to explore the manner in which different local authorities have undertaken community indicator: development, monitoring and reporting. This was undertaken through a two pronged approach: 1). A scoping exercise assessing the contents of eighteen local authority LTCCPs, 2). In-depth case studies of community indicator programmes of five of the eighteen local authorities. It was found that the approaches used to develop, monitor and report community indicators ranged abruptly across local authorities. Some councils appear to have relatively robust and meaningful indicator processes in place, which are both technically sound and have gained representative community input. In contrast, other councils hold a compliance mentality towards community indicators and have done the bare minimum when designing their indicator frameworks. These frameworks have tended to be council dominated with few opportunities for community involvement. In addition to this, local authorities poorly communicated indicators through their LTCCPs. The inadequate information detailing indicators processes is unlikely to both educate and promote community buy-in. Councils must place greater emphasis on the engagement of the entire community including other governmental departments, to ensure that indicators are relevant and meaningful for all. Consistency across local authority indicator frameworks will also help to ensure that all local authorities are working in an integrated manner towards the common goal of improving community well-being. Initiatives such as the Linked indicators Project and the Quality of Life Project are possible methods of ensuring consistent indicator frameworks. Finally, councils must provide greater information about community indicators within their LTCCPs.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Participation, local democracy, development of political participation »

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