Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Passive DTS »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Passive DTS"
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Simon, Nataline, Olivier Bour, Mikaël Faucheux, Nicolas Lavenant, Hugo Le Lay, Ophélie Fovet, Zahra Thomas et Laurent Longuevergne. « Combining passive and active distributed temperature sensing measurements to locate and quantify groundwater discharge variability into a headwater stream ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no 5 (16 mars 2022) : 1459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1459-2022.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Exchanges between groundwater and surface water play a key role for ecosystem preservation, especially in headwater catchments where groundwater discharge into streams highly contributes to streamflow generation and maintenance. Despite several decades of research, investigating the spatial variability in groundwater discharge into streams still remains challenging mainly because groundwater/surface water interactions are controlled by multi-scale processes. In this context, we evaluated the potential of using FO-DTS (fibre optic distributed temperature sensing) technology to locate and quantify groundwater discharge at a high resolution. To do so, we propose to combine, for the first time, long-term passive DTS measurements and active DTS measurements by deploying FO cables in the streambed sediments of a first- and second-order stream in gaining conditions. The passive DTS experiment provided 8 months of monitoring of streambed temperature fluctuations along more than 530 m of cable, while the active DTS experiment, performed during a few days, allowed a detailed and accurate investigation of groundwater discharge variability over a 60 m length heated section. Long-term passive DTS measurements turn out to be an efficient method to detect and locate groundwater discharge along several hundreds of metres. The continuous 8 months of monitoring allowed the highlighting of changes in the groundwater discharge dynamic in response to the hydrological dynamic of the headwater catchment. However, the quantification of fluxes with this approach remains limited given the high uncertainties on estimates, due to uncertainties on thermal properties and boundary conditions. On the contrary, active DTS measurements, which have seldom been performed in streambed sediments and never applied to quantify water fluxes, allow for the estimation of the spatial distribution of both thermal conductivities and the groundwater fluxes at high resolution all along the 60 m heated section of the FO cable. The method allows for the description of the variability in streambed properties at an unprecedented scale and reveals the variability in groundwater inflows at small scales. In the end, this study shows the potential and the interest of the complementary use of passive and active DTS experiments to quantify groundwater discharge at different spatial and temporal scales. Thus, results show that groundwater discharges are mainly concentrated in the upstream part of the watershed, where steepest slopes are observed, confirming the importance of the topography in the stream generation in headwater catchments. However, through the high spatial resolution of measurements, it was also possible to highlight the presence of local and highly contributive groundwater inflows, probably driven by local heterogeneities. The possibility to quantify groundwater discharge at a high spatial resolution through active DTS offers promising perspectives for the characterization of distributed responses times but also for studying biogeochemical hotspots and hot moments.
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Ghafoori, Yaser, Matej Maček, Andrej Vidmar, Jaromír Říha et Andrej Kryžanowski. « Analysis of Seepage in a Laboratory Scaled Model Using Passive Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor ». Water 12, no 2 (29 janvier 2020) : 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020367.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Seepage is the key factor in the safety of dikes and earth-fill dams. It is crucial to identify and localize the seepage excesses at the early stages before it initiates the internal erosion process in the structure. A proper seepage monitoring system should ensure a continuous and wide area seepage measurement. Here, continuous monitoring of seepage at the laboratory-scale is achieved by a passive optical fiber Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) system. An experimental model was designed which consists of initially unsaturated sand model, water supply, seepage outflow, optical fiber DTS system, and water and air temperature measurement. Initially, the sand temperature was higher than the temperature of the seepage water. An optical fiber DTS system was employed with a high-temperature resolution, short sampling intervals and short time intervals for temperature monitoring in the sand model. In the system, the small variation in the temperature due to groundwater flow was detected. The numerical analysis was conducted for both the seepage process and the heat transfer progression in the sand model. The results of the heat flow simulation were evaluated and compared with the measured temperature by the optical fiber DTS. Obvious temperature reduction was obtained due to seepage propagation in the sand. The rate of temperature reduction was observed to be dependent on the seepage flow velocity.
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Zhu, Zhen, Zhongqiu Xu et Jing Liu. « Application of Lightweight Deep Learning Model in Vocal Music Education in Higher Institutions ». Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (26 mars 2022) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6757341.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim is to improve the teaching quality of music majors and cultivate their innovative ability. This article takes Vocal Music Education (VME) method as the research object to explore the teaching reform of Music Major courses. Firstly, this article makes an in-depth study on Big Data Analytics (BDA) and Digital Twins (DTs) technology and constructs a DTs platform connecting real teaching space and virtual teaching space. Secondly, the DTs platform is divided into online learning feature analysis and virtual-real teaching space integration functional modules. This article explores the online immersive education process design and technology application of the DTs platform from the two aspects of teaching and technology. Afterward, it designs a student action and expression recognition network based on the Visual Geometry Group (VGG) Net model and Google Net model in teaching data collection and management. Finally, the proposed system is tested. The test results show that the active and passive interaction curves of the traditional VME system have no obvious fluctuation, indicating that the interaction of the traditional VME system is not strong, and the ability of active feedback information is poor. By contrast, the active and passive interaction curves in the proposed VME have large fluctuations, showing that the proposed VME has more frequent interaction, and the teaching information can get real-time and active feedback. Therefore, the proposed VME system can better stimulate students’ learning desire. Meanwhile, the constructed Neural Network (NN) has the highest recognition accuracy of 99.07% on the student action and expression dataset. When tested with the image data taken by the research experiment, the highest accuracy is 89%, with an average of more than 85%. The proposed VME system provides ideas for applying DTs technology in the college of music education.
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Kurth, A. M., C. Weber et M. Schirmer. « How effective is river restoration in re-establishing groundwater – surface water interactions ? – A case study ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no 1 (23 janvier 2015) : 1093–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-1093-2015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. In this study we investigated whether river restoration was successful in re-establishing vertical connectivity and, thereby, groundwater-surface water interactions, in a degraded urban stream. Well-tried passive Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and novel active and passive DTS approaches were employed to study groundwater-surface water interactions in an experimental reach of an urban stream before and after its restoration and in two (near-) natural reference streams. Results were validated with Radon-222 analyses. Our results indicated that river restoration at the study site was indeed successful in increasing groundwater-surface water interactions. Increased surface water downwelling occurred locally at the tip of a gravel island created during river restoration. Hence, the installation of in-stream structures increased the vertical connectivity and thus groundwater-surface water interactions. With the methods presented in this publication it would be possible to routinely investigate the success of river restorations in re-establishing vertical connectivity, thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of specific restoration measures. This, in turn, would enable the optimization of future river restoration projects, rendering them more cost-effective and successful.
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Sidenko, Evgenii, Konstantin Tertyshnikov, Boris Gurevich, Roman Isaenkov, Ludovic P. Ricard, Sandeep Sharma, Dominique Van Gent et Roman Pevzner. « Distributed fiber-optic sensing transforms an abandoned well into a permanent geophysical monitoring array : A case study from Australian South West ». Leading Edge 41, no 2 (février 2022) : 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle41020140.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data recorded by a fiber-optic array installed during the decommissioning operations of the 1550 m Harvey 3 well in Western Australia reveal an abundance of valuable information about the course of the decommissioning process and the quality of the cement job. The DAS monitoring has detected vibrational disturbances during the cement's setting up, while DTS was used to assess setting up of the cement and curing times as well as uniformity of cementation from the distribution of temperature along the borehole. A weeklong trial acquisition of passive seismic data with the same array a year later shows an abundance of seismic events in a wide frequency range from below 1 mHz to above 200 Hz. The downhole DAS array provides traveltimes and amplitudes of these events, which include earthquakes, mine blasts, ocean microseisms, and local human activity. The amplitudes of waves from distant seismic events can be used to estimate and monitor physical properties of the media along the extent of the well. When used in combination with information from active vertical seismic profiling, these events can help obtain independent estimates of velocities and densities. Spectral analysis of low-frequency microseisms shows a strong correlation between passively recorded DAS and local weather observations. This shows that the ability to continuously record oceanic microseisms at low frequencies opens opportunities to employ such arrays for wave climate studies. In addition, the data contain peculiar in-hole reverberations likely caused by crossflow of groundwater behind the intermediate casing, which may indicate imperfections of the cement job. The results demonstrate that a downhole fiber-optic array installed in an abandoned well represents an opportunity to establish a permanent facility for continuous recording of passive and active geophysical data and for exploring various applications.
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Sidenko, Evgenii, Konstantin Tertyshnikov, Maxim Lebedev et Roman Pevzner. « Experimental study of temperature change effect on distributed acoustic sensing continuous measurements ». GEOPHYSICS 87, no 3 (11 mars 2022) : D111—D122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0524.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Distributed fiber-optic sensing is useful in geophysical exploration and monitoring applications. Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is used for measuring and monitoring temperature and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for recording the seismic wavefield. However, DAS measurements also are sensitive to temperature changes. To understand and quantify the DAS signature of temperature changes during water injections at CO2CRC Otway site, a series of experiments have been conducted at the Curtin University/National Geosequestration Laboratory (NGL) well research facility and Curtin rock-physics laboratory. Overall, three DAS cables are examined. Two fibers are tested in the laboratory and one cable, which is installed behind the casing in the Curtin/NGL well, is examined in the well. Laboratory measurements and observations made during analysis of passive DAS and DTS field data recorded in four Otway wells demonstrate that DAS is sensitive to long-period temperature changes, and its response is proportional to the time derivative of temperature. Induced fiber strain is linearly related to slow temperature change, and this dependency can be estimated for a particular cable. Obtained proportionality constants between strain and temperature change indicate some dependency on the cable type/design and acquisition setup, but they are all of the same order of magnitude. DAS measurements also can be affected by low-frequency noise possibly associated with the effect of temperature on the DAS acquisition unit itself. The results can help compensate for the effect of temperature on low-frequency DAS signals and show that DAS can be used as a distributed temperature sensor if direct temperature measurements are not available.
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Ichikawa, Masaru, Shinnosuke Uchida, Masafumi Katou, Isao Kurosawa, Kohei Tamura, Ayato Kato, Yoshiharu Ito, Mike de Groot et Shoji Hara. « Case study of hydraulic fracture monitoring using multiwell integrated analysis based on low-frequency DAS data ». Leading Edge 39, no 11 (novembre 2020) : 794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39110794.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an effective technique for hydraulic fracture monitoring. It can potentially constrain fracture propagation direction and time while monitoring strain perturbation, such as stress shadowing. In this study, we acquired passive DAS and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data throughout the entire fracturing operations of adjacent production wells with varying offset lengths from the fiber-optic cable in the Montney tight gas area. We applied data processing techniques to the DAS data to extract low-frequency components (less than 0.5 Hz) and to construct the strain rate and cumulative strain maps for detecting responses related to fracture hits along the fiber-optic cable. We used low-frequency DAS (LF-DAS) results to estimate the fracture hit position and time, and in certain cases, to additionally estimate the fracture connection. By integrating LF-DAS results with DTS results, we detected the temperature changes around the compression response near the fracture hit position and time. Furthermore, we observed that timing of the fracture hit can be constrained more precisely by using high-frequency DAS data (greater than 10 Hz). We estimated the fracture propagation direction and speed from the estimated fracture hit position and time. The fracture propagation direction deviated slightly from a perpendicular line to the fiber direction. In addition, as estimated from the first fracture hit time, the fracture length and fluid injection volume had a proportional relationship. Due to challenges associated with the data, it is important to design data acquisition geometry and fracturing operations on the premise of acquiring LF-DAS data. It is also important to apply an additional noise reduction process to the data.
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Jasim, Ruqaya Mahmood. « The passive As a grammatical phenomenon in four selected textbooks ». Journal of the College of languages, no 46 (1 juin 2022) : 182–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2022.0.46.0182.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research work is "The passive voice as a grammatical phenomenon in four selected textbooks". The research deals with the grammatical phenomenon passive in German. The research consists of two parts, the theoretical and the empirical part. The present research work is divided into 3 sections: The first section includes the definition of passive, passive types, process passive, state passive, passive with modal verbs, and other types of passive. The second section provides illustrations of the four selected textbooks. The third chapter presents the passive voice in textbooks, namely German language teaching for foreigners by Dora Schulz and Heinz Griesbach, Delfin von Aufderstrasse H. and others, Em von Balme, M. and others and Studio D by Funk, H. and others. Then I go to the conclusion. Die Forschungsarbeit lautet ,, Das Passiv als grammatisches Phӓnomen in vier ausgewӓhlten Lehrwerken,,. Die Forschung beschäftigt sich mit dem grammatischen Phӓnomen Passiv im Deutschen. Die Forschung wird aus zwei Teile bestanden, theorethischer und empirischer Teil. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit wird in 3 Abschnitte eingeteilt: Der erste Abschnitt schließt die Definiton des Passivs, Passivarten, Vorgangspassiv, Zustandspassiv, Passiv mit Modalverben, und andere Arten von Passiv ein. Der zweite Abschnitt stellt Abbildungen der vier ausgewählten Lehrwerken. Das dritte Kapitel stellt das Passiv in Lehrwerken, nämlich Deutsche Sprachlehre für Ausländer von Dora Schulz und Heinz Griesbach, Delfin von Aufderstraße H. Und Andere, Em von Balme, M. und Andere und Studio D von Funk, H. und Andere. Anschließend gehe ich auf Schlussfolgerung ein.
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Kurth, A. M., C. Weber et M. Schirmer. « How effective is river restoration in re-establishing groundwater–surface water interactions ? – A case study ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no 6 (9 juin 2015) : 2663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2663-2015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. In this study, we investigated whether river restoration was successful in re-establishing groundwater–surface water interactions in a degraded urban stream. Restoration measures included morphological changes to the river bed, such as the installation of gravel islands and spur dykes, as well as the planting of site-specific riparian vegetation. Standard distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and novel active and passive DTS approaches were employed to study groundwater–surface water interactions in two reference streams and an experimental reach of an urban stream before and after its restoration. Radon-222 analyses were utilized to validate the losing stream conditions of the urban stream in the experimental reach. Our results indicated that river restoration at the study site was indeed successful in increasing groundwater–surface water interactions. Increased surface water downwelling occurred locally at the tip of a gravel island created during river restoration. Hence, the installation of in-stream structures increased the vertical connectivity and thus groundwater–surface water interactions. With the methods presented in this publication, it would be possible to routinely investigate the success of river restorations in re-establishing vertical connectivity, thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of specific restoration measures. This, in turn, would enable the optimization of future river restoration projects, rendering them more cost-effective and successful.
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Egger, Pedro Acácio Lemos, Ana Clara Fiuza Pereira, Bárbara Pires de Mello Barenco, Carlla Alessandra Silva Pereira, Laila Maria Corrêlo Lussari, Luísa Leite Moreira, Lara Pereira de Brito, Victória Emmanuela Thomé Bragança Capute, Willian Faustino da Conceição et Eucir Rabello. « O risco do tabagismo passivo no desenvolvimento de pneumopatias ». Revista Eletrônica Acervo Médico 23, no 1 (28 janvier 2023) : e11877. http://dx.doi.org/10.25248/reamed.e11877.2023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objetivo: Analisar o desenvolvimento de síndromes respiratórias correlacionadas com o tabagismo passivo. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados do portal regional da Biblioteca Regional em Saúde. A busca dos artigos foi feita por meio de descritores, sendo eles “passive smoking”, “risk” e “lung disease”. A revisão foi realizada seguindo as seguintes etapas: estabelecimento do tema, definição dos parâmetros de elegibilidade, definição dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, verificação das publicações nas bases de dados, análise das informações encontradas, avaliação dos estudos encontrados e exposição dos resultados. Resultados: Foi observado que os danos causados pelo tabagismo passivo podem gerar uma série de consequências negativas para a saúde em geral, como risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardíacas e doenças respiratórias e, principalmente, as neoplasias malignas. Esse compilado de fatores, demostra a necessidade do combate ao tabagismo e consequentemente ao tabagismo passivo. Considerações finais: Diante dos fatos mencionados, foi possível inferir que a inalação passiva da fumaça do cigarro aponta para maior risco de agravar ou desenvolver doenças respiratórias, tais como asma, DPOC e câncer de pulmão.
Thèses sur le sujet "Passive DTS"
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Susanto, Kusnahadi. « Mesures distribuées de la température du sol pour l'hydrologie proche de la surface : utilisation de la technologie passive des fibres optiques pour déduire l'humidité du sol dans un bassin versant Méditerranéen ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La connaissance de la dynamique de la teneur en eau de la surface du sol fournit des informations précieuses sur l'interaction sol-eau et les changements dans les eaux souterraines. La variabilité peut être mesurée par des méthodes directes et indirectes. La thèse traite de la relation entre l'observation de la température et la teneur en eau du sol. L'observation de la température est utilisée comme méthode indirecte pour comprendre l'hydrologie et la thermo-physique du sol lors de l'écoulement de l'eau. Afin d'améliorer les connaissances sur l'interaction entre l'eau et le sol en surface peu profonde, la technologie DTS à fibre optique a été utilisée pour mesurer la température du sol à long terme. On s'attend à ce que cette stratégie permette de recueillir des informations hydrologiques plus détaillées. Trois types de sol ont été considérés dans cette expérience sur le terrain : la forêt de colluvions, les buissons ou prairies de colluvions et les marnes noiresKnowledge of soil surface water content dynamics provides valuable information on soil-water interaction and changes in groundwater. This variability can be measured by direct and indirect methods. This thesis deals with the relationship between temperature observation and soil water content. Temperature observation is used as an indirect method to understand the hydrology and thermo-physics of soil water flow. To improve knowledge of the interaction between water and soil in the shallow surface, fiber-optic DTS technology was used to measure long-term soil temperature. This strategy is expected to provide more detailed hydrological information. Three soil types were considered in this field experiment: colluvial forest, colluvial shrubland or grassland, and black marl
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Neto, Rafael Tobias Moretti. « Determinação de níveis ótimos de passividade em prótese sobre implante em função da deformação dos intermediários ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25135/tde-04092007-143032/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O assentamento passivo tem sido considerado um dos mais importantes requisitos para o sucesso de próteses implanto-suportada. Este estudo in vitro investigou a deformação do intermediário de prótese implantosuportada após o aperto do parafuso tanto do cilindro de Paládio-Prata como de Cobalto-Cromo. Um modelo mestre foi usado para simular uma mandíbula humana com cinco implantes. Extensômetros foram colados nas faces mesial e distal de cada intermediário para registrar as deformações causadas pelos cilindros após o aperto dos parafusos. Os intermediários foram montados sobre as réplicas dos implantes e os parafusos foram apertados com um torque de 20 Ncm e as leituras foram gravadas. Após este passo, os parafusos tanto dos cilindros de Paládio-Prata como de Cobalto-Cromo foram apertados com um torque de 10 Ncm e as leituras também foram gravadas. Estas medições foram repetidas por cinco vezes. O teste estatístico de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado aos resultados. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada entre as tensões geradas tanto pelos cilindros de Paládio-Prata como os de Cobalto-Cromo. No entanto, existiram diferenças com relação à qualidade da tensão. A deformação gerada pelo aperto dos parafusos dos cilindros de Cobalto-Cromo foi de compressão e o aperto dos parafusos dos cilindros de Paládio-Prata gerou forças de compressão e tração.Passive fit has been considered one of the most important requirements for the success of implant supported prostheses. This in vitro study investigated the abutment deformation of an implant-supported prosthesis after screw tightening of palladium-silver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinder. A master model was used to simulate a human mandible with five implants. The Strain gauges were attached on the sides of each abutment to capture deformations because of the cylinders screws after was tightened. The abutments were mounted onto implant replicas and the screws were tightened to a 20 Ncm torque, and the readings were recorded. After this step, palladiumsilver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders were tightened to a 10 Ncm torque and the readings were recorded. The measurements were repeated five times. Mann-Whitney statistical test was applied to the results. No statistical differences were found between the deformation generated by palladium-silver and cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders. However, there were differences relative to the quality of the strain. The deformation generated by screw tightness of the cobalt-chromium prosthetic cylinders was compressive while palladium-silver prosthetic cylinders generated compressive and tensile strain.
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Gimeno-Vives, Oriol. « L’évolution tectono-sédimentaire des marges de la Téthys dans le système orogenic Rifain ». Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La chaîne du Rif (Maroc du nord) est une chaîne de montagnes située à la jonction entre Atlantique Central et domaine méditerranéen. Constituant l’extrémité occidentale des Maghrébides, il appartient à la catégorie des chaînes alpines issues de la Téthys qui se poursuivent jusqu’à l’Himalaya et au-delà. Plus précisément, le Rif résulte de la collision entre deux ensembles continentaux séparés initialement par une branche de la Téthys. Le Rif est subdivisé en trois grands domaines: (1) Les zones internes, (Rif Interne), constituées d’une pile de nappes souvent métamorphiques. (2) Le domaine des Flyschs (couverture sédimentaire de la Téthys Maghrébine). (3) Les Zones externes, héritées de l’ancienne marge passive nord-africaine.Malgré des événements compressifs spectaculaires, le Rif apparaît comme un site intéressant pour l’étude des processus de rifting et d’océanisation. En effet, des traces de la marge passive mésozoïque de l’Afrique du Nord sont remarquablement bien préservées. Ce qui même assez exceptionnel est la possibilité d’accéder à la partie la plus distale de l’ancienne marge. Cette thèse, présente une étude de terrain détaillé et de nouvelles données géo et thermo-chronologiques pour proposer une interprétation moderne du zonage paléogéographique et, en particulier, du Mésorif et de l’Intrarif.Le Mésorif montre une phase de rifting majeure pendant le Jurassique Moyen; Cette phase est typique de la Téthys Maghrébine. On observe un cortège gabbroïque supportant tectoniquement la plate-forme carbonatée du Jurassique Inférieur totalement démembrée. Des datations U-Pb sur zircon sur le gabbro révèle des âges à 195-200 Ma, c’est-à-dire à la transition Trias-Jurassique. Chronologiquement et pétrographiquement, les gabbros mésorifains au fameux événement CAMP (Central Atlantic Magmatic Province), connu autour de l’Atlantique Central et au-delà.L’Intrarif porte les traces d’un processus d’exhumation du manteau. Celui-ci affleure dans le Massif de Béni Malek sous la forme de péridotites serpentinisées et d’ophicalcites supportant stratigraphiquement le Jurassique terminal. Cette observation permet de caler dans le temps l’initiation de l’océanisation dans la Téthys Maghébine. Mises ensemble, ces observations donnent des contraintes fortes pour discuter de l’architecture et de l’évolution de la partie ouest de l’ancienne marge nord-africaine.La localisation du Rif, à l’ancienne jonction entre l’Atlantique Central et la Téthys Maghrébine permet de discuter des relations entre ces deux domaines au Mésozoïque. Mon travail se situe dans la continuation de l’étude magistrale de cet auteur. Cependant, à l’aide des nouveaux concepts et modèles développés depuis cette période, j’ai été en mesure de proposer un scénario renouvelé incluant le poly-rifting, la mise en place de gabbros et l’exhumation du manteau.A partir du Crétacé Supérieur, la marge nord-africaine va subir une histoire complètement différente et change de statut: celle-ci va rentrer en convergence à l’instar du domaine téthysien tout entier. Le Rif externe présente plusieurs caractéristiques rares dans un contexte de zones externes de chaîne de montagnes: (1) Il enregistre une déformation polyphasée avec un événement compressif précoce, pré-Oligocène, antérieur au chevauchement miocène des Zones Internes sur les Zones Externes. (2) Il inclut des Massifs Métamorphiques Externes enregistrant un gradient de type HP-BT. (3) Il inclut de grandes nappes de charriage identifiées depuis longtemps jusqu’au front de chaîne.La thèse est basée sur une étude de terrain à différentes échelles (synthèse cartographique, étude détaillée d’affleurements); elle cherche à caractériser toutes les étapes de la formation du Rif Externe depuis la formation de la marge nord-africaine jusqu’à la formation de la chaîne et l’état actuelThe Rif belt (northern Morocco) is a mountain chain at the junction between the Mediterranean and Central Atlantic Domains, representing the western edge of the Maghrebides System. It belongs to a much larger orogeny, the Mediterranean Alpine belts extending from the Western Mediterranean up to the Himalayas. The Rif belt results from the collision between two continental domains initially separated by the Maghrebian Tethys.This belt is classically subdivided into: (1) Internal zones (or Internal Rif), is an allochthonous metamorphic domain. (2) Flysch zones (the original cover of the Maghrebian Tethys). (3) External zones (or External Rif) representing the North African margin remnants.Despite spectacular compressional events, the Rif represents a remarkable place for the understanding of rifting and oceanization mechanisms and their incorporation in mountain belts, because remnants of the Mesozoic North African rifted margin are especially well preserved in its external zones. Especially, the External Rif conserves characteristics of the distal margin. This thesis presents detailed field evidence and geochronological data from two subunits of the External Rif, the Mesorif, and the Intrarif.- The Mesorif preserves a major rifting phase during the Middle Jurassic, characterizing the formation of the Mesozoic North African margin. It presents particular lithostratigraphic associations of mafic intrusive rocks overlain by dismembered and discontinuous blocks of Lower Jurassic carbonates covered by Middle to Upper Jurassic sediments. U-Pb zircon dating of 4 samples from the intrusive has been done, showing ages close to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary (195-200 Ma). From a petrographic and chronologic point of view, the intrusive magmatism, corresponds to the CAMP (Central Atlantic Magmatic Province), known around the Central Atlantic.- The Intrarif displays the exhumed mantle domain, exposed in the Beni-Malek massif, consisting on highly serpentinized peridotites exhibiting ophicalcites with uppermost Jurassic limestones resting conformably on top. This suggests that the exhumation of the mantle occurred at the distal part of the North African Mesozoic margin at this time. Altogether, these observations enable us to discuss the architecture and evolution of the western part of the North African rifted margin.Moreover, the location of the Rif, in between the Central Atlantic and the Alpine/Maghrebian Tethys, enables to investigate the connection between these two oceanic domains during the Mesozoic. However, thanks to the new concepts and models developed since this period, we are able to propose a renewed scenario for the building of this margin. As we will see this scenario implies poly-phase rifting, magmatic activity and mantle exhumation.Later on, by the Late Cretaceous, the North African margin has suffered a complete different history, passing from a passive margin to a convergence setting, affecting the whole Tethys Realm. The External Rif presents several features that are unusual in the external zones of a mountain belt:-They record poly-phase deformation events with evidence for an early and initial (pre-Oligocene) contractional event occurring before the Miocene thrusting of the Internal Units over the External Units.-They include the presence of External Metamorphic Massifs (EMM) recording a HP-LT metamorphic gradient.-They exhibit large allochthonous thrust-sheets identified since a long time across the whole External Rif.The thesis is based on the onshore study of the geodynamic evolution of the Rif belt since the earliest stages of the North African Mesozoic margin formation, through the compressional stages of mountain building, up to its present day position
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Sant´Anna, Danilo Barbosa de. « Processo coletivo passivo : um estudo sobre a admissibilidade das ações coletivas passivas ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/18156.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as particularidades do processo coletivo passivo e analisar o cabimento das ações coletivas passivas no Brasil. A partir do viés passivo da tutela coletiva, reexaminados marcos históricos das ações coletivas. Com atenção às situações coletivas passivas, identificou-se os fundamentos e as características da coletividade-ré. Sem desprezar a abordagem de lege ferenda do tema, analisou-se casos variados em que a jurisprudência brasileira já admite o processamento de ações coletivas passivas. Demonstrou-se que, em que pese a ausência de previsão legal específica do instituto e a divergência doutrinária sobre a matéria, o Judiciário brasileiro está autorizado a apreciar demandas coletivas passivas. Seja em razão do princípio da inafastabilidade, seja pela garantia do devido processo legal, há respaldo na Constituição Federal para que grupos, assim considerados, sejam processados. A admissibilidade do processo coletivo passivo depende da estruturação de aspectos procedimentais que permitam o correto processamento das ações coletivas passivas. A legitimidade coletiva passiva deverá ser aferida a partir do controle judicial da representatividade adequada. A coisa julgada coletiva passiva deve ser simples e ampla, abrangendo todos os membros da coletividade, inclusive os que não participaram do processo. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This work aimed to study the particularities of defendant class litigation and analyze the admissibility of the defendant class actions in Brazil. From the defendant class point of view, re-examines the historical landmarks of class actions. With attention to defendant class situations, we identified the reasons and the characteristics of the defendant group. Without neglecting the lege ferend a approach of the theme, analyzed various cases where the Brazilian jurisprudence already allows the processing of defendant class actions. It was demonstrated that, despite the absence of specific legal provisions of the institute and the doctrinal disagreement on the matter, the Brazilian Judicial Power is authorized to assess defendant class demands. Either because of the principle of access to justice, or because of the due process of law, there is support in the Constitution for groups, considered as such, be sued. The admissibility of defendant class litigation depends on the structuring of procedural aspects to enable the correct processing of defendant class actions. The defendant class representative must be chosen through judicial control of adequacy of representation. The binding effect of the defendant class action must be simple and extensive, covering all members of the group, including the absent parties.
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Garnier, Antoine. « Développement d'un échantillonneur passif pour un diagnostic de la contamination des zones portuaires par des organoétains ». Thesis, IMT Mines Alès, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAL0009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La problématique de la contamination des milieux aquatiques représente l’une des préoccupations majeures de nos jours. Dans un objectif de progrès, d’optimisation et d’efficacité, des composés chimiques ont été très largement utilisés dans de nombreux domaines. C’est le cas des organoétains utilisés principalement dans les peintures antisalissures pour les coques de bateau. Ces composés à caractère biocides sont in fine transférés dans l’eau et sont ingérés par des organismes vivants ou peuvent s’adsorber sur des particules en suspension et sédimenter dans les fonds marins où ils peuvent persister plusieurs années. L’impact de ces composés sur l’homme et l’environnement a conduit à établir des normes régulant leur utilisation ainsi que des normes de qualité environnementales. Un suivi de la concentration de ces composés dans l’environnement est donc nécessaire pour assurer le respect de ces normes. Afin de contribuer à la surveillance de la contamination des zones portuaires en organoétains, la problématique de la thèse porte sur l’élaboration d’un outil de diagnostic adapté à la mesure de la concentration des organoétains en milieu marin. L’échantillonnage passif gagnant en intérêt ces dernières années présente un potentiel certain afin d’apporter une réponse opérationnelle à ce problème. Dans un premier temps, le développement et la validation de l’échantillonneur passif Chemcatcher® est réalisé d’une part via l’étude des cinétiques d’accumulation de composés organostanniques et d’autre part à partir de calibrations en laboratoire et in-situ sur le site d’étude situé dans le port de Port Camargue. Une application environnementale a également été réalisée avec ce dispositif afin de valider l’utilisation de cet échantillonneur passif pour le diagnostic de contamination des zones portuaires en organoétains. Un nouveau dispositif a ensuite été proposé, l’échantillonneur passif ePSOM (Passive Sampling Organotin Marina), destiné à l’accumulation à la fois spécifique et optimale des organoétains en milieu marin. Ce dispositif a fait l’objet d’un développement et d’une validation en laboratoire et in-situ. Son déploiement dans le port de Port Camargue démontre son applicabilité pour répondre au besoin de diagnostic environnemental dans ces zones portuaires. Enfin, afin d’augmenter la spécificité de l’échantillonnage, une nouvelle phase réceptrice a été développée grâce à la synthèse de polymères à empreinte moléculaire. Différentes synthèses ont été testées afin d’obtenir différentes tailles et formes de particules. Des cinétiques d’accumulation des organoétains par les polymères à empreinte moléculaire ont été réalisées afin de vérifier la capacité de rétention de cette phase vis-à-vis de ces composés. Les résultats obtenus permettront de répondre à la problématique du suivi de la contamination des zones portuaires en organoétains en proposant un outil de diagnostic adapté à cet environnement et à ces composésThe problem of aquatic environment contamination is one of the major concerns today. With a view of progress, optimization and efficiency, chemical compounds have been widely used in many areas. This is the case of organotin mainly used in antifouling paints for boat hulls. These compounds of a biocidal nature are ultimately transferred to the water and are ingested by living organisms or can be adsorbed on suspended particles and sediments on the seabed where they can persist for several years. The impact of these compounds on human health and the environment has led to the establishment of standards regulating their use, as well as environmental quality standards. Monitoring of the concentration of these compounds in the environment is therefore necessary to ensure the compliance with these standards.In order to contribute to the monitoring of organotin contamination in port areas, this thesis deals with the development of a diagnostic tool adapted to the measurement of organotin concentration in the marine environment. Passive sampling, which has gained interest in recent years, has a real potential to provide an operational answer to this problem.Initially, the development and validation of the Chemcatcher ® passive sampler is carried out on one hand through the study of the accumulation kinetics of organotin compounds, and on the other hand through laboratory and in-situ calibrations at the study site located in Port Camargue harbour. An environmental application was also carried out with this device in order to validate the use of this passive sampler for the diagnosis of organotin contamination of harbour areas.A new device was then proposed, the ePSOM (Passive Sampling Organotin Marina) passive sampler, intended for the specific and optimal accumulation of organotins in the marine environment. This device has been developed and validated both in the laboratory and in situ. Its use in Port Camargue harbour demonstrates its applicability to meet the needs for environmental diagnosis in these port areas.Finally, in order to increase the specificity of this type of sampling, a new retention phase has been developed thanks to the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer. Different syntheses were tested in order to obtain different particle sizes and shapes. Organotin accumulation kinetics of the molecularly imprinted polymers were tested to verify the retention capacity of this phase with respect to these compounds.The results obtained will help address the problem of monitoring organotin contamination in port areas by providing a diagnostic tool adapted to this environment and these compounds
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Novo, Sylvia Marquart Fontes. « Efeito dos leucócitos do colostro materno na resposta imune de bezerros recém-nascidos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-25082015-113618/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta pesquisa avaliou o efeito da transferência passiva dos leucócitos do colostro na imunidade específica de bezerras recém-nascidas. Foram acompanhadas 20 bezerras Holandesas durante o período neonatal, distribuídas em dois grupos experimentais: grupo COL+ recebeu colostro fresco (4L) proveniente de suas respectivas mães; e grupo COL- recebeu colostro congelado e acelular (4L), oriundo de vacas doadoras de colostro. As avaliações foram realizadas antes da mamada do colostro (M0), 1-2 (M1), 7 (M2), 14 (M3), 21 (M4) e 28 dias pós-nascimento (M5). As bezerras foram submetidas ao exame clínico, seguido da colheita das amostras sanguíneas para realização de hemograma, imunofenotipagem e cultivo celular. Os dois grupos foram colostrados com colostro de igual qualidade com relação à concentração de imunoglobulinas (70-120 g/L). A concentração de células do colostro fresco fornecido ao grupo COL+ foi de 1.895.849 células/mL. Não foi possível encontrar diferenças para as funções vitais em relação aos grupos experimentais. O exame específico dos sistemas revelou um caso de broncopneumonia, três de inflamação umbilical e maior frequência de escore de fezes 3 no COL-. As alterações clínicas foram refletidas no eritrograma das bezerras, sendo encontrado menor valor médio para a taxa de hemoglobina (HGB) no COL- em M3. Em relação à idade, observou-se redução gradativa dos valores médios para He (hemácias), HGB, HCT (hematócrito) e índices hematimétricos no primeiro mês de vida. A frequência de bezerras anêmicas foi maior no grupo COL- nos momentos M4 e M5. Em relação ao leucograma, observou-se diferença entre os grupos para linfócitos no M0 e M2 com valores superiores no COL-. Em relação aos momentos foi possível detectar leucocitose por neutrofilia no M0 e M1, observando-se inversão da relação neutrófilo:linfócito a partir desses momentos. Os valores de CD45+CD45RO- foram maiores em M0 no COL-, além disso, observou-se aumento da expressão do marcador de memória celular CD45RO+ do M0 ao M1 nos dois grupos experimentais. O CD3+gamma-delta- aumentou no decorrer do estudo, em contrapartida as células CD3+gamma-delta+ foram menores em M5 com relação ao M0-M3. Foi detectado também aumento dos valores de CD14+MHCII+ no primeiro mês de vida indicando maturação das células apresentadoras de antígeno. Em relação à produção de citocinas pelas células mononucleares sanguíneas, foi possível identificar maior concentração de IFN-gamma em M4, quando as células do COL- foram estimuladas com S. aureus (1 mononuclear:10 bactérias inativadas). A concentração de IL-17 detectada a partir das células do COL+ foi maior em M3, quando as células foram estimuladas com ConA. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: a) bezerras COL- apresentaram maior frequência e intensidade de doenças que evoluíram para anemia da inflamação; b) bezerras COL- apresentaram maior número absoluto de linfócitos, representadas especialmente pela subpopulação CD3+gamma-delta+ nos episódios de maior frequência de diarreias; c) Linfócitos de memória CD45RO+ aumentaram após a colostragem em ambos os grupos, sugerindo que outros componentes acelulares do colostro podem apresentar papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da resposta imunológica de bezerras recém-nascidas; d) a subpopulação CD3+gamma-delta- e as células CD14+MHCII- e CD14+MHCII+ aumentaram durante o primeiro mês de vida, indicando maturação imunológica; e) as células mononucleares das bezerras não responderam ao Herpesvírus Bovino tipo 1, porém responderam aos estímulos bacterianos, especialmente para a Escherichia coli; a interpretação do leucograma em conjunto com a análise das variações apresentadas para as citocinas inflamatórias IFN-gamma e IL-17 permitem afirmar que as bezerras apresentaram resposta inflamatória retardada e de menor magnitude no COL-.This study evaluated the effect of leukocytes passive transference from bovine colostrum in specific immunity of newborn calves. During neonatal period, 20 Holstein calves were followed. Animals were distributed in two experimental groups: COL+ which received fresh colostrum (4L) from their mothers, and COL- which received frozen and acellular colostrum (4L) that came from donor cows. The evaluations were performed in the following moments: before colostrum intake (M0), 1-2 (M1), 7 (M2), 14 (M3), 21 (M4) and 28 days after birth (M5). Heifers were submitted to clinical examination. Then, blood samples were harvested for hemogram, immunophenotyping and cell culture. Both groups were fed with the same quality of colostrum (immunoglobulin concentration 70-120 g/L). The cell concentration of fresh colostrum that was provided to COL+ group was 1.895.849 cells/mL. It was not possible to detect differences in vital functions concerning the experimental groups. The system specific examination reveled one case of bronchopneumonia, three cases of umbilical inflammation and major rates of diarrhea score 3 in group COL-. Clinical alterations were reflected in calves erythrogram. It was found lower mean value for hemoglobin (HGB) in M3 for COL-. Regarding age, a gradual reduction in mean values for erythrocytes, HGB, HCT (hematocrit) and hematimetric rates were observed in the first month of life. The frequency of anemic heifers was higher in COL- group at moments M4 and M5. Regarding leukogram, it was observed difference between groups for lymphocytes in M0 and M2 with higher values in COL-. Concerning moments, it was possible to detect leukocytosis by neutrophilia from M0 up to M1 and inversion of neutrophil:lymphocyte relation from this moment. Values of CD45+CD45RO- was higher in M0 for COL-, furthermore, increase of cellular memory marker expression CD45RO+ was observed from M0 to M1 in both groups. The CD3+gamma-delta- increased during the study. On the other hand, CD3+gamma-delta+ were lower in M5 in relation to M0-M3. Increase of CD14+MHCII+ values were also detected in the first month of life, indicating maturation of antigen presenting cells. Regarding cytokine production by mononuclear cells of heifers blood, it was possible to identify higher concentration of IFN-gamma in M4 when cells of COL- were stimulated with S. aureus (1 mononuclear: 10 inactivated bacteria). The concentration of IL-17 detected from COL+ cells was higher in M3, when cells were stimulated with ConA. Based on these results, it can be concluded that: a) COL- heifers presented higher frequency and intensity of diseases that evolved to anemia of inflammation; b) COL- heifers presented higher lymphocyte absolute number, represented specially by CD3+gamma-delta+ subsets in episodes of higher frequency of diarrhea; c) memory lymphocytes CD45RO+ increased after colostrum intake in both groups, suggesting that other acellular colostrum components can present fundamental role in development of immunological response in newborn heifers; d) the subset of CD3+gamma-delta- and the cells CD14+MHCII- and CD14+MHCII+ increased during the first month of life, indicating immunological maturation; e) heifers mononuclear cells did not respond for herpes virus bovine type 1, however, responded for bacterial stimulus, specially Escherichia coli. The interpretation of leukogram with the variation of presented analyses for inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-17, allow to state that heifers presented delayed inflammatory response and of lesser magnitude in COL-.
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Tavares, Márcia Cristina Pereira. « Sistemas solares passivos na arquitectura em Portugal - Os envidraçados nos edifícios residenciais em Lisboa ». Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6080.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitectura, especialidade em Tecnologias da Arquitectura.O presente estudo procura, para edifícios com grandes áreas de vãos envidraçados, disponibilizar informação relativa às questões de conforto e de consumo de energia para aquecimento e arrefecimento, com particular ênfase em fracções de edifícios residenciais localizados num clima temperado, onde co-existem as duas estações bem diferenciadas tendo-se, neste trabalho, optado por seleccionar edifícios situados na localidade de Lisboa. Tendo em conta, o aumento crescente das áreas de envidraçados em edifícios residenciais, frequentemente superiores a 60% da área das fachadas em que estão inseridos, torna-se de extrema importância avaliar a influência de tais opções arquitectónicas no binómio conforto térmico-energia. Para o efeito, foi seleccionado um conjunto de unidades habitacionais no parque edificado lisboeta, em que a um dos critérios que presidiu à selecção dos mesmos diz respeito à dimensão da área de vãos. Além deste critério, optou-se também por o universo de estudo ser balizado pela entrada em vigor da primeira Regulamentação Térmica dos Edifícios em Portugal, RCCTE, Decreto de Lei 40/90 de 6 de Fevereiro, em que apenas os edifícios construídos depois de 1990 foram objecto de estudo. No conjunto seleccionado, 22 fracções, foram levadas a cabo monitorizações, entre 2007 e 2009, nas estações de Verão e de Inverno, conducentes à avaliação das condições interiores em termos da temperatura do ar e humidade relativa, num total de quatro campanhas experimentais. Com base nos resultados das diversas campanhas de monitorização, e levantamento dimensional e construtivo, foram construídos no software de simulação térmica EnerguPlus (E+) modelos detalhados e simplificados à semelhança das unidades monitorizadas, de forma a ter sido considerado neste processo as características de cada unidade habitacional e as condições em que foram monitorizadas. Por fim, foi ainda possível definir e calibrar dois modelos tipológicos capazes de responder e representar um universo mais alargado de soluções: Modelo1 com uma única face exposta e Modelo 2 com duas faces expostas opostas. Com base nas monitorizações, construção dos modelos e respectiva calibração, foi possível identificar os efeitos e influências de alguns parâmetros no comportamento térmico de fracções com tais características de envidraçados, embora numa fase inicial do trabalho, não tivessem sido extensivamente explorados. Os modelos simplificados foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento de uma Matriz de soluções e estudos decorrentes, sendo as soluções presentes na Matriz resultantes de diversas combinações entre os elementos constituintes de um sistema passivo de fácil integração num edifício: sistema de ganho directo. As opções da Matriz, foram obtidas a partir da combinação entre os elementos de captação (envolvente não-opaca: envidraçados), armazenamento/amortecimento e retenção (envolvente opaca: massa térmica e isolamento térmico). Para cada elemento da Matriz foram ainda submetidas variações ao nível de: orientação, localização no edifício e estratégias de dissipação de calor - ventilação natural. Partindo de uma abordagem experimental/numérica foi possível concretizar os objectivos do estudo, e verificar quais são de facto as possibilidades de se obter condições interiores de temperatura que conduzam a menores valores de necessidades de energia para obtenção das condições de conforto térmico, bem como avaliar a influência dos parâmetros contemplados na Matriz (correlacionados com intenções de projecto). Procura-se deste modo contribuir para a tomada de decisões ainda numa fase inicial de projecto, sendo sempre disponibilizados dados quantitativos e qualitativos de desempenho nas principais estações do ano (temperatura e necessidades energéticas) e de forma integrada em termos anuais.
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Souto, Marta Oliveira. « Avaliação electromiográfica dos efeitos da aplicação de bandas neuromusculares nos músculos extensores lombares durante uma tarefa de mobilização passiva ». Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4966.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjectivo: Avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de bandas neuromusculares (BNM) na actividade electromiográfica (EMG) dos extensores lombares do terapeuta, durante a execução de uma tarefa de mobilização passiva fisiológica da articulação coxofemoral para hiperextensão. Métodos: 15 participantes (7 femininos e 8 masculinos) com média de idades de 23,20±3,28 anos, foram submetidos a avaliação electromiográfica antes, durante e após a tarefa de mobilização passiva. Cada participante foi avaliado nos mesmos 3 dias da mesma semana. Resultados: Existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o primeiro dia, correspondeste ao controlo, e o segundo dia de avaliação, com aplicação aguda da BNM nos músculos extensores lombares esquerdos. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a aplicação aguda da BNM reduziu a actividade electromiográfica dos músculos erectores da coluna lombar esquerdos durante a tarefa de mobilização passiva da articulação coxo-femoral.
Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the application of kinesiology tape (KT) in the electromyographic (EMG) signal on the therapist lumbar extensor muscles, during a task of physiological passive mobilization of the hip joint for hyperextension. Methods: 15 subjects (7 female and 8 male) with a mean age of 23,20±3,28 years, participated in the study. They were evaluated with surface electromyography before, during and after the task of passive mobilization. Each subject was assessed on the same 3 days of the same weak. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the first day of evaluation, corresponding to control, and the second day of evaluation, with acute KT application, on the left lumbar extensor muscles during a task of passive mobilization, between the first and second days. Conclusion: The results suggest that the application of KT reduces the electromyographic activity on the left lumbar extensor muscles during the task of physiological passive mobilization of the hip joint.
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Bem, Samuel Henrique Camara de. « Avaliação dos efeitos da irrigação ultrassônica passiva, por meio de microtomografia computadorizada, microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58133/tde-24052016-161824/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar, por meio de microtomografia computadorizada (μCT), o aumento de volume interno, após realização da irrigação ultrassônica passiva (P.U.I.), em diferentes substratos (dentes humanos e bovinos); a remoção da camada de “smear” e “debris” do canal radicular, após a realização da P.U.I., com diferentes soluções irrigadoras finais, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia óptica (MO). Para a verificação do aumento de volume interno vinte dentes (dez humanos e dez bovinos) foram selecionados e padronizados em 17 mm ± 1 mm de comprimento. Os dentes humanos foram preparados até o diâmetro final # 50/05, os dentes bovinos por possuírem canais amplos não receberam preparo biomecânico. Cada dente foi fixado na base da mesa giratória do aparelho de μCT e realizou-se o primeiro exame μCT. Os espécimes foram então submetidos a P.U.I. (aparelho EMS em frequência de 32 KHz) e em seguida foi realizado o segundo exame de μCT respeitando os mesmos padrões do primeiro exame. As imagens capturadas foram comparadas antes e depois da P.U.I. Para a verificação, da remoção da camada de “smear” e “debris”, foram selecionados 46 caninos inferiores. Os dentes foram preparados até o diâmetro final # 50/05 e submetidos a P.U.I. com diferentes soluções irrigadoras finais: G3 (Soro fisiológico); G4 (NaOCl 1 %); G5 (EDTA-C 17 %); G6 (NaOCl 1 % / EDTA-C 17 %). Após a P.U.I. vinte e quatro dentes foram preparados e analisados em MEV e vinte e dois dentes foram submetidos ao processamento histológico e analisados em MO. A presença da camada de “smear” foi determinada a partir da atribuição de escores que variaram de 1 - 4. A presença de “debris” foi determinada a partir da grade de integração do software Image J. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com auxílio do software BioEstat 5.0. Os resultados mostraram que a P.U.I. aumentou significativamente o volume interno do canal radicular nos dentes humanos (p=0,008) e bovinos (p=0,002). A P.U.I. não removeu a camada de “smear”; e não removeu “debris” (p=0,1923) de forma estatisticamente significativa. Concluiu-se que a P.U.I. não é passiva, ela promove alteração de volume no canal radicular, aumentando seu volume interno independentemente do substrato testado; não removeu a camada de “smear”, mas reduziu significativamente o tempo necessário para que a solução quelante final agisse; não promoveu a remoção de “debris” estatisticamente significativa, mas independentemente da solução irrigadora final, realizar a P.U.I. aumenta qualitativamente a remoção de “debris” do canal radicular.The aim of this study was to determine by μCT the internal volume increasing, after using of P.U.I., in different dental substrates (human and bovine); the removal of the smear layer and debris from the root canal, after using P.U.I. with different irrigation solutions, using SEM e OM. In order to verify the internal volume increasing, 20 teeth (ten humans and ten bovine) were selected and standardized with 17 mm ± 1 mm of length. Human teeth were prepared to a final diameter of #50/05. As the bovine teeth presents large root canal, they did not receive biomechanical preparation. Each tooth was fixed on a movable platform on the μCT device and the first test was carried out. The specimens were subjected to P.U.I. (EMS device with 32 KHz of frequency) in order to performed the second μCT test respecting the same standards. Images were captured and compared before and after P.U.I. Fourth six mandibular canine teeth were selected to verify the smear layer and debris removal. The teeth were prepared to the final diameter of #50/05 and subjected to P.U.I. with different irrigation solutions: G3 (Saline); G4 (NaOCl 1 %); G5 (EDTA-C 17 %); G6 (NaOCl 1% / EDTA-C 17 %). After P.U.I. 24 teeth were prepared and analyzed using SEM and 22 teeth were subjected to histological processing and thus analyzed with OM. The present smear layer was determined by score s\' attribution ranging from 1 - 4. Presence of debris was determined by attribution of the screen integration from the Image J software. Data were analyzed with the support of BioEstat 5.0 software. The results showed that P.U.I. significantly increased the internal volume of root canal of human (p=0,008) and bovine teeth (p=0,002). The P.U.I. did not remove the smear layer nor debris (p=0,1923) statistically significant. It was concluded that P.U.I. is not passive, it increases the internal volume of root canal independently of the tested dental substrates; it did not remove the smear layer, but significantly decreased the onset of action of the final solution; it did not promote statistically significant differences regarding the debris removal however independently of the final irrigation solution to carry out P.U.I. increases the root canal debris removal.
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Podkhlebnik, Yvette. « Subsidence et régime thermique des bassins intracratoniques et des marges continentales passives = Subsidence and thermal regime of intracratonic basins and continental passive margins / ». Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Passive DTS"
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Centre de recherche en linguistique germanique (Nice, France), dir. Das Passiv im Deutschen : Akten des Kolloquiums über das Passiv im Deutschen, Nizza 1986. Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 1987.
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Henrich, Andreas. Das passive Personalitätsprinzip im deutschen Strafrecht. Freiburg im Breisgau : Eigenverlag Max-Planck-Institut für Ausländisches und Internationales Strafrecht, 1994.
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Kunz, Richard. Das indonesische Passiv : Eine linguistische Annäherung. Bern : Universität Bern, Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, 2000.
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Centre de Recherche en Linguistique, dir. Das Passiv im Deutschen. Berlin, New York : DE GRUYTER, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111357683.
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Gaudigs, Renate. Das bekommen/kriegen/erhalten-Passiv im Deutschen. [S.n : s.l., 1995.
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Xiaobo, Ren. Syntaxe des constructions passives en chinois. Paris : Editions Langages croisés, 1993.
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Grünenbächin, Barbara. Das Leiden Christi und das Mitleiden Marias. Berlin : Weidler Buchverlag, 2020.
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Mizón, Luis. Passage des nuages. Le Muy [France] : Editions Unes, 1986.
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Anne, Cuneo. Passage des Panoramas. [Lausanne, Suisse] : Age d'Homme, 1989.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Passive DTS"
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Ekweariri, Dominic Nnaemeka. « Leib, Intentionalität, Passivität und Bildlichkeit ». Dans Phänomenologie des Leibes und der Leiblichkeit bei Marc Richir, 255–89. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67190-0_5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ZusammenfassungWenn die Leiblichkeit in der Phänomenologie eine theoretische Intuition der Subjektivität und des Weltbezugs artikuliert und wenn der Leib die Erfahrung des einzelnen Leibes bezeugt, auf welcher Art von Kohärenz können wir dann ein Verständnis des leiblichen Weltbezugs gründen? Husserl, der Begründer der Phänomenologie, und nach ihm Merleau-Ponty, gaben eine Antwort auf diese Frage, indem sie einen Modus der Orientierung zur Welt vorschlugen, der nicht nur intentional, sondern auch passiv und bildlich ist, jeder auf seine Weise. Richirs Auseinandersetzung mit einem solchen Denksystem wird darin offensichtlich, das er in Abgrenzung dazu eher nicht intentionale, nicht passive, und nicht bildliche Zugänge des Leibes zur Welt vertreten hat. Wir werden diese Auseinandersetzung im Hinblick auf die intentionale Modifikation des anderen in der Intersubjektivität (Husserl), den präreflexiven, motorischen intentionalen Bezug des Leibes zur Welt (Merleau-Ponty) und das Verstehen sprachlicher Ausdrücke (Husserl) untersuchen. Im Rahmen dieser Auseinandersetzung möchten wir eine Antwort auf diese Frage verteidigen, da wir der Ansicht sind, dass jede durch die Leiblichkeit ermöglichte Öffnung zur Welt die Dimension der Sinnhaftigkeit artikulieren muss.
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Wiedemann, Martin. « Systemleichtbau mit Integration passiver Funktionen ». Dans essentials, 29–35. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38480-7_3.
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ZusammenfassungPassive Funktionen dienen nicht der Lastabtragung alleine, wie im klassischen Leichtbau, sondern erfüllen weitere Anforderungen an das Gesamtprodukt, wie z. B. eine Minimierung des aerodynamischen Strömungswiderstands, Bereitstellung elektrischer Leitfähigkeit und thermischer oder akustischer Dämmung.
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Hounsel, Austin, Paul Schmitt, Kevin Borgolte et Nick Feamster. « Can Encrypted DNS Be Fast ? » Dans Passive and Active Measurement, 444–59. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72582-2_26.
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AbstractIn this paper, we study the performance of encrypted DNS protocols and conventional DNS from thousands of home networks in the United States, over one month in 2020. We perform these measurements from the homes of 2,693 participating panelists in the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) Measuring Broadband America program. We found that clients do not have to trade DNS performance for privacy. For certain resolvers, DoT was able to perform faster than DNS in median response times, even as latency increased. We also found significant variation in DoH performance across recursive resolvers. Based on these results, we recommend that DNS clients (e.g., web browsers) should periodically conduct simple latency and response time measurements to determine which protocol and resolver a client should use. No single DNS protocol nor resolver performed the best for all clients.
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Streibelt, Florian, Patrick Sattler, Franziska Lichtblau, Carlos H. Gañán, Anja Feldmann, Oliver Gasser et Tobias Fiebig. « How Ready is DNS for an IPv6-Only World ? » Dans Passive and Active Measurement, 525–49. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28486-1_22.
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AbstractDNS is one of the core building blocks of the Internet. In this paper, we investigate DNS resolution in a strict IPv6-only scenario and find that a substantial fraction of zones cannot be resolved. We point out, that the presence of an resource record for a zone’s nameserver does not necessarily imply that it is resolvable in an IPv6-only environment since the full DNS delegation chain must resolve via IPv6 as well. Hence, in an IPv6-only setting zones may experience an effect similar to what is commonly referred to as lame delegation.Our longitudinal study shows that the continuing centralization of the Internet has a large impact on IPv6 readiness, i.e., a small number of large DNS providers has, and still can, influence IPv6 readiness for a large number of zones. A single operator that enabled IPv6 DNS resolution–by adding IPv6 glue records–was responsible for around 20.3% of all zones in our dataset not resolving over IPv6 until January 2017. Even today, 10% of DNS operators are responsible for more than 97.5% of all zones that do not resolve using IPv6 .
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Magnusson, Jonathan, Moritz Müller, Anna Brunstrom et Tobias Pulls. « A Second Look at DNS QNAME Minimization ». Dans Passive and Active Measurement, 496–521. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28486-1_21.
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AbstractThe Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical Internet infrastructure that translates human-readable domain names to IP addresses. It was originally designed over 35 years ago and multiple enhancements have since then been made, in particular to make DNS lookups more secure and privacy preserving. Query name minimization () was initially introduced in 2016 to limit the exposure of queries sent across DNS and thereby enhance privacy. In this paper, we take a look at the adoption of , building upon and extending measurements made by De Vries et al. in 2018. We analyze adoption on the Internet using active measurements both on resolvers used by RIPE Atlas probes and on open resolvers. Aside from adding more vantage points when measuring adoption on open resolvers, we also increase the number of repetitions, which reveals conflicting resolvers – resolvers that support for some queries but not for others. For the passive measurements at root and Top-Level Domain (TLD) name servers, we extend the analysis over a longer period of time, introduce additional sources, and filter out non-valid queries. Furthermore, our controlled experiments measure performance and result quality of newer versions of the -enabled open source resolvers used in the previous study, with the addition of PowerDNS. Our results, using extended methods from previous work, show that the adoption of has significantly increased since 2018. New controlled experiments also show a trend of higher number of packets used by resolvers and lower error rates in the DNS queries. Since is a balance between performance and privacy, we further discuss the depth limit of minimizing labels and propose the use of a public suffix list for setting this limit.
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Jones, Ben, Nick Feamster, Vern Paxson, Nicholas Weaver et Mark Allman. « Detecting DNS Root Manipulation ». Dans Passive and Active Measurement, 276–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30505-9_21.
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Yajima, Masanori, Daiki Chiba, Yoshiro Yoneya et Tatsuya Mori. « A First Look at Brand Indicators for Message Identification (BIMI) ». Dans Passive and Active Measurement, 479–95. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28486-1_20.
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AbstractAs promising approaches to thwarting the damage caused by phishing emails, DNS-based email security mechanisms, such as the Sender Policy Framework (SPF), Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance (DMARC) and DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE), have been proposed and widely adopted. Nevertheless, the number of victims of phishing emails continues to increase, suggesting that there should be a mechanism for supporting end-users in correctly distinguishing such emails from legitimate emails. To address this problem, the standardization of Brand Indicators for Message Identification (BIMI) is underway. BIMI is a mechanism that helps an email recipient visually distinguish between legitimate and phishing emails. With Google officially supporting BIMI in July 2021, the approach shows signs of spreading worldwide. With these backgrounds, we conduct an extensive measurement of the adoption of BIMI and its configuration. The results of our measurement study revealed that, as of November 2022, 3,538 out of the one million most popular domain names have a set BIMI record, whereas only 396 (11%) of the BIMI-enabled domain names had valid logo images and verified mark certificates. The study also revealed the existence of several misconfigurations in such logo images and certificates.
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Huget, Judith. « Einleitung ». Dans Die Methode der didaktisch orientierten Rekonstruktion, 1–5. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42642-2_1.
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ZusammenfassungIn der einleitenden Passage wird das zentrale Thema mittels eines Zitats von Freudenthal, welches die Bedeutung von vernetztem Wissen hervorhebt, motiviert. Darauffolgend erfolgt eine Einführung in die essenziellen Begrifflichkeiten, darunter die Systematisierung, stoffdidaktische Methoden, das Professionswissen von Lehrkräften sowie die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Des Weiteren wird die bestehende Forschungslücke detailliert erörtert und die primären Zielsetzungen dieser Arbeit präsentiert. Abschließend wird ein strukturierter Überblick über den konzeptionellen Aufbau des vorliegenden Werkes gegeben.
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Schomp, Kyle, Tom Callahan, Michael Rabinovich et Mark Allman. « Assessing DNS Vulnerability to Record Injection ». Dans Passive and Active Measurement, 214–23. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04918-2_21.
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Meints, Kerstin. « Das englische Passiv ». Dans Typizitätseffekte im Erwerb des englischen Passivs, 37–68. Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95434-3_3.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Passive DTS"
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Nico-Rodrigues, Edna Aparecida, Laura Kaneko Vieira, Camila dos Santos Eller, Emanuela Oliveira Brunetti et Nayara Salera Malta. « Analisar elementos construtivos em fachadas de edifícios residenciais : Jardim Camburi/Vitória ». Dans XX ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO, 1–13. UFAL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/entac.v20i1.5825.
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A manutenção do conforto térmico com uso de climatização artificial em edifícios contribui expressivamente para o consumo global de energia. Nesse cenário, estratégias de condicionamento passivo favorecem a redução da demanda energética. O objetivo foi caracterizar e quantificar os componentes construtivos presentes nas vedações verticais externas de edificações residenciais multifamiliares do bairro Jardim Camburi, Vitória/ES. A metodologia consistiu em: I) determinar os critérios: tipologia de janelas, características das varandas, dos revestimentos externos e sombreadores; e II) levantar e catalogar os componentes das edificações. A análise dos dados evidenciou a carência de elementos de proteção solar e estratégias de ventilação permanente nas edificações multifamiliares do bairro, estando em desacordo com as instruções das normas brasileiras de desempenho. Considerando o notável crescimento do bairro nos últimos 20 anos e o padrão de médio a alto dos investimentos, concluiu-se que os mais recentes planos diretores não apresentaram alterações significativas quanto à implementação de estratégias necessárias para o desempenho térmico desejável.
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Nico-Rodrigues, Edna Aparecida, Emanuela Oliveira Brunetti, Camila dos Santos Eller et Laura Kaneko Vieira. « Caracterização de elementos construtivos em fachadas de edificações multifamiliares : Praia do Canto/Vitória ». Dans XX ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO, 1–13. UFAL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/entac.v20i1.5826.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nas últimas décadas, devido à elevação das temperaturas globais, o aumento do consumo de energia para o condicionamento térmico dos edifícios é significativo, implicando na redução da eficiência energética. Assim, adaptações nas envoltórias, segundo princípios bioclimáticos, otimizam o desempenho termoenergético e atenuam o desconforto térmico frente às mudanças climáticas. O objetivo foi caracterizar e quantificar os elementos construtivos presentes nas vedações verticais externas de edificações residenciais multifamiliares do bairro Praia do Canto, Vitória/ES. A metodologia foi executada em 3 etapas: - determinação dos parâmetros como; a presença de sombreadores, o fechamento de varandas, as tipologias de janelas e de revestimentos; - levantamento dos parâmetros nas edificações do bairro selecionado e - análise dos dados coletados. O resultado expôs que a maioria das edificações multifamiliares do bairro não atendem às recomendações da NBR 15220-3 e da 15575 e há carência de estratégias passivas para o conforto térmico. Esse cenário pode ser justificado pela dissonância entre a norma e as regulamentações municipais, que limitam a implementação de elementos externos.
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Zhou, Enze, Huabing Li, Dake Xu et Jianjun Wang. « Accelerated Corrosion of 2304 Duplex Stainless Steel by Marine Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm ». Dans CORROSION 2017, 1–14. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09326.
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Abstract Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in the marine environment has caused a serious threat to the safety of marine materials. The corrosion rate of MIC is usually much faster than the general corrosion process. The 2304 duplex stainless steel (DSS) is an excellent alternative to 316L SS in marine applications, while its MIC behavior is barely known. In this work, surface analysis and electrochemical techniques were used to study the corrosion behavior of 2304 DSS caused by the marine aerobe Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compared with the abiotic control, the largest pit depth showed that the P. aeruginosa biofilm greatly accelerated the pitting corrosion (4.8 μm vs. 11.0 μm). The presence of P. aeruginosa biofilm oxidized the passive film of 2304 DSS from Cr2O3 to CrO3, which was a water soluble compound, resulting in the decrease of Cr content and destruction of the passive film. The linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) and polarization curves all demonstrated that 2304 DSS was susceptible to MIC.
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Le Manchet, Sandra, Vincent Vignal, Djiby Ba, Olivier Heintz et Frédéric Herbst. « Role of Alloying Elements and Ageing in the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steels ». Dans CORROSION 2015, 1–15. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05746.
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Abstract Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) are highly important engineering materials due to their high corrosion resistance combined with high strength and moderate alloy cost (lower nickel and molybdenum content) compared to standard austenitic grades. They are widely used in various industrial sectors, such as oil & gas (pipes and storage tanks), desalination (evaporators and pumps) and pulp and paper (digesters and bleaching reactors) industries. In this paper, the influence of alloying elements on the passive film properties is first investigated after surface preparation and after ageing. The influence of the microstructure (Grain Orientation Spread (GOS) and Grain Surface Area (GSA)) on the corrosion resistance is then studied in NaCl solution by means of Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) tests. Surface analysis was carried out in each phase of three DSS grades. No significant differences were observed in the properties of the passive films formed after etching. After ageing, there is a slight thickening of the passive films. The ratio Cr / Fe increases significantly for all grades whereas the ratio O2- / (OH- +H2O) increases only for grades with a pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) greater than 25.5. N-H bonds were found at the outer interface whereas M-N bonds were located at the inner interface. Only N-H bonds were found for grade #3. This was attributed to the large amount of this element in grade #3. CPT measurements were carried out in ferrite grains of grade #1. It was shown that all the grains with a GOS value < 1.3° remain passive (no pitting). For GOS > 1.3°, metastable / stable pitting was systematically detected. It was found that the higher the GSA, the greater the CPT. Therefore, the GOS and the GSA seem to be two very important metallurgical parameters to predict pit initiation in DSS. The corrosion resistance will be increased by decreasing GOS or increasing GSA.
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Saif, Benali, et Trabelsi Hatem. « Low-complexity passive mixer-based UWB pulse generator with leakage compensation and spectrum Tunability ». Dans 2020 IEEE International Conference on Design & Test of Integrated Micro & Nano-Systems (DTS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dts48731.2020.9196120.
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Grandi Karam, S., P. Webster, K. Hornman, P. G. E. Lumens, A. Franzen, F. Kindy, M. Chiali et S. Busaidi. « Microseismic Applications using DAS ». Dans 4th EAGE Passive Seismic Workshop. Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142338.
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Guy, Mencarelli, Pradeilles Camille, Reboul Pierre, Forbord Per, Gibson David et Vullum-Bruer Kenneth. « Electrically Heat-Traced Flowline on Aerfugl Phase 2 Project -Performance and Operational Feedbacks ». Dans Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32286-ms.
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Abstract As part of the Skarv field development strategy, the Ærfugl phase 2 project is a ~13km tie-back requiring an electrical heating flowline to provide reliable and cost-effective hydrate management. This paper will present the results of the in-field performance test and how they compare to the system intended basis of design then evaluate the operational advantages of such technical solution for an Operator. In production since November 2021, the operational feedback on the highly insulated Pipe-in-Pipe associated to the Distributed Temperature monitoring System (DTS) and data gathered during the performance test at first shutdown are used to confirm the system thermal & electrical heating performances as delivered, compare against the intended design basis, validate the operational benefits of the system in both passive and active modes for the Operator and quantify the operational gains during production shutdown. In close collaboration with the operator, the temperature monitoring data have been collected and processed to be correlated with the thermal insulation efficiency to validate the design envelop. In addition, several months of production feedback, it is demonstrated that the combination of the very efficient passive thermal insulation obtained using Izoflex in a reduced-pressure environment and a distributed temperature sensing system leads to reduced production risks and an increased operational flexibility The performance test data of the electrical heating system confirming the design prediction is the ultimate demonstration of the readiness of the Electrically Heat-Traced Flowline at a project scale. This is a major achievement for such technology which thanks to its improved maturity level is confirmed as playing an important role in future subsea developments to safely increase production and provide operational flexibility with low carbon emissions. This paper will show for the very first time on a sizable project the actual performance of an electrical heating pipe-in-pipe in conjunction with in-depth operational feedback on the use of a temperature monitoring system in a flowline. The associated operational gains for a particular case study are now demonstrated.
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Kraus, Adam R., Rui Hu, Darius D. Lisowski et Matthew Bucknor. « Simulation of Buoyancy-Driven Flow for Various Power Levels at the NSTF ». Dans 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60763.
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The Reactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) is an important passive safety system that is being incorporated in a number of high temperature reactor design concepts. The Natural convection Shutdown heat removal Test Facility (NSTF), located at Argonne National Laboratory, is an experiment with the objective of investigating the flow and thermal behavior of a particular air-cooled RCCS design. It consists of 12 ducts surrounded by a cavity with a heated wall, through which air flows via natural convection before exiting through two chimneys. The NSTF is a ½-scale facility, and is well instrumented in order to provide data for code validation, including Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-grade data in a number of locations. Instrumentation includes fiber-optic Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS) throughout one of the riser ducts and in the upper plenum. In conjunction with the experimental tests, CFD simulations were performed to support the design and optimization of these natural convection systems. The CFD simulations were performed using the “as-tested” geometry of the NSTF. All CFD simulations were steady-state. Both a full natural convection model and a smaller forced primary flow model were tested. The influence of boundary conditions, notably at the cavity walls, was tested. Initial simulations assumed adiabatic walls but these were later adapted to simulate heat losses, aided by thermal images taken of the exterior NSTF surfaces during testing. Simulations were run for tests at two different power levels. A number of turbulence models were compared to test their influence. Simulation results were compared with experimental data. Convergence was generally good for both models. It was found that the natural convection model was indeed beneficial for correctly estimating local temperatures in a number of areas, particularly near the top of the riser ducts and from DTS measurements along the flow path. Flow in the heated cavity was complex. In general, the experimental trends were predicted well by CFD, although magnitudes could be improved in some areas. The turbulence models tested had a relatively small effect on the shape of the temperature profile in the ducts and on heated surface temperatures. Results from the simulations have been of direct use in improving test procedures and choosing locations for more accurate instrumentation. In future work, full natural convection simulations of more tests will be performed. After this has been completed, best practices can be established for accurately simulating these general types of natural convection systems across a wide range of operating conditions.
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Cox, B. E., R. Lehner, P. Webster, M. Molenaar et A. Azad. « Keynote Presentation : Microseismic Data Integration : How Connecting the Dots can Help Solve the Unconventionals Puzzle ». Dans Fifth EAGE Passive Seismic Workshop. Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142154.
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Wilks, M., et A. Wuestefeld. « Synthetic Modelling Of A DAS Cable’s Sensitivity And Performance In Microseismic Monitoring Applications ». Dans Seventh EAGE Workshop on Passive Seismic 2018. Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201800065.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Passive DTS"
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Martini, Lioba. Das KZ und seine Nachbarschaft : Eine sozialgeographische Untersuchung der Nachbarschaft des Konzentrationslagers 'Katzbach' in den Frankfurter Adlerwerken. Goethe Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, mars 2025. https://doi.org/10.21248/gups.63585.
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Mitten in Frankfurt wurde 1944 das Konzentrationslager 'Katzbach' in den Adlerwerken errichtet. Hier mussten 1.616 vorwiegend polnische Häftlinge unter katastrophalen Lebensbedingungen Zwangsarbeit in der Rüstungsproduktion leisten. Welche Kontakte, Beziehungen und Interaktionen entstanden zwischen dem Konzentrationslager und der Frankfurter Stadtgesellschaft? Was für eine Nachbarschaft wurde von den beteiligten Akteur*innen an dieser sozialen Kontaktzone produziert? Wie also wurde entlang dieses Beziehungsgeflechtes von Gesellschaft und Raum der Ort auf bestimmte Art und Weise hergestellt und damit - der Theorie von Benno Werlen folgend - alltäglich 'Geographie gemacht'? Die vorliegende Arbeit geht diesen Fragen nach und rekonstruiert anhand von Zeug*innenaussagen die alltäglichen Beziehungen zwischen dem Konzentrationslager 'Katzbach' und der Frankfurter Stadtgesellschaft. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert sie die Wirklichkeit dieses Beziehungsgeflechtes aus sozialgeographischer Perspektive und führt sie einer kritisch-reflexiven Diskussion zu. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass das Lager kein abgeschlossener Raum war. Seine Grenzen waren stets permeabel: Mitarbeiter*innen der Adlerwerke und Anwohner*innen erhielten im Kontakt mit den Häftlingen und den SS-Männern tiefe Einblicke in den Lageralltag. Sie waren jedoch nicht nur passive Zeug*innen des Geschehens: in vielen Situationen wurden die Nachbar*innen selbst zu Hüter*innen oder Vollstrecker*innen der lagerspezifischen Ordnung - auch außerhalb der Lagergrenzen. Die Ordnung des Terrors herrschte nicht nur im Lager, sondern prägte auch die nachbarschaftlichen Kontakte. Die Beziehung zwischen Lager und Stadtgesellschaft war von gewaltvollen Praktiken zur Aufrechterhaltung der Kontrolle, Ausbeutung und Erniedrigung der Häftlinge geprägt. Die Nachbarschaft des Konzentrationslagers 'Katzbach' wurde so zu einem Ort der Gleichzeitigkeit von Terror und Alltag, Normalität und Exzeptionalität.
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Laroche, Hervé, et Véronique Steyer. L’apport des théories du sensemaking à la compréhension des risques et des crises. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, octobre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/208snv.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les théories du sensemaking, ou fabrication de sens, analysent la manière dont ceux qui participent à une action, et qui sont confrontés à une interruption, répondent à deux questions: Que se passe-t-il? Que faut-il faire maintenant? Les personnes plongées dans l’action ont souvent des difficultés à rester au contact du monde, et cette faillite de la fabrication du sens peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques. En s’appuyant sur de nombreuses études de cas, les auteurs présentent les fondements de la théorie du sensemaking — due au célèbre psychosociologue américain Karl Weick — et ses principaux apports. Le document s’intéresse aux différents facteurs et éléments influençant la capacité des participants à une action à rester en «contact» avec ce qu’il se passe dans «le monde». Notamment, il examine les difficultés à détecter des signes de dégradations de la sécurité, à signaler des anomalies, à adapter son action et à improviser de façon appropriée face à des situations imprévues. Il souligne notamment l’importance de la qualité des interactions entre membres d’un collectif de travail, à adapter les processus de décision pour que expertise et expérience priment sur hiérarchie (et permettre que les décisions à fort impact soient prises par les personnes disposant de la meilleure connaissance de la situation), ainsi que la manière dont le cadre et la culture organisationnels peuvent faciliter ou entraver la fabrication d’un sens menant à une action adaptée. Les facteurs pouvant influer sur le sensemaking sont analysés selon quatre axes: les facteurs individuels, les caractéristiques de la situation de travail, les facteurs liés au collectif de travail, et l’impact des processus d’organisation. En fin de document, cinq principes d’organisation visant à contrer les différents phénomènes négatifs liés à la perte de sens face à une situation risquée sont exposés.
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Huntsman-Mapila, P., A. E. Cleaver, E. J. Berryman, C. J. Rickwood, N. R. Zagrtdenov, H. E. Jamieson, C. Martineau, N. J. Fenton et H. P. White. Fugitive mine dust : evaluation of innovative monitoring and characterization techniques. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4095/paevmnxvz.
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Le présent document résume les progrès réalisés, les résultats obtenus à ce jour et les travaux futurs de Ressources naturelles Canada dans le cadre du Projet de recherche sur la poussière fugitive. Le programme de recherche a été lancé en 2017 avec des projets qui se déroulent partout au Canada, y compris en Nouvelle-Écosse, au Québec, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest et, plus récemment, au Nunavut. Le programme de recherche vise à innover des approches pour combler les lacunes dans les connaissances associées à la surveillance de la poussière en améliorant les techniques de dépoussiérage et d’analyse disponibles. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le programme comporte cinq domaines d’intérêt, notamment : 1) l’évaluation des techniques nouvelles et actuelles de surveillance de la poussière, tant sur le terrain qu’à distance à l’aide de l’observation de la Terre ; 2) amélioration de la caractérisation géochimique et minéralogique des poussières ; 3) l’étude du devenir de la poussière dans l’environnement dans les milieux tels que les eaux de surface, les sols et la tourbe ; 4) éclairer le processus d’évaluation d’impact et la surveillance du site minier ; et 5) l’établissement de liens entre la science occidentale et le savoir autochtone afin de travailler à une compréhension plus complète de la poussière fugitive des mines. Pour élargir la boîte à outils de surveillance des chutes de poussière, des techniques novatrices de surveillance de la poussière ont été évaluées sur les sites miniers abandonnés et en exploitation, y compris le déploiement de collecteurs de dépôts secs passifs (Pas-DDs). Grâce à la caractérisation géochimique et minéralogique de la poussière capturée par les Pas-DDs, les contrôles minéralogiques sur l’inventaire des métaux (loid) de la poussière peuvent être évalués, fournissant un aperçu de la mobilité environnementale des contaminants et probablement des métaux (loid) / source de poussière. Grâce à de nouvelles techniques de capture et de caractérisation de la poussière au sol, combinées à des observations de la Terre, ce projet vise à fournir à l’industrie des options pour renforcer les programmes actuels de surveillance des chutes de poussière.
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Drouin, Olivier, Claude Montmarquette, Alexandre Prud'homme, Pierre Fontaine, Yann Arnaud et Roxane Borgès Da Silva. Retour des enfants à l'école : intentions des parents d'enfants asthmatiques en contexte de pandémie (COVID-19). CIRANO, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/nmaf4163.
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Cette étude a été réalisée au cours de l’été 2020, alors que les parents venaient de vivre une fermeture complète des écoles pendant plusieurs mois dans la grande région de Montréal à cause de la pandémie de COVID-19. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d’identifier les déterminants sociodémographiques, médicaux et psychologiques influençant la décision des parents de retourner leur enfant atteint d’asthme à l’école en septembre 2020 et d’analyser le changement d’opinion des parents par rapport au retour à l’école de leur enfant suite à la lecture de données probantes vulgarisées. Nos résultats montrent que suite à la lecture de la fiche d’information comportant des données probantes vulgarisées sur les facteurs de risque associés à la COVID chez les enfants, plusieurs parents ont changé d’opinion quant à l’intention de renvoyer leur enfant à l’école. La proportion de parents ayant l’intention de retourner leur enfant à l’école est passée de 62,8 % à 72,1 % après la lecture de données probantes. Cette étude met en lumière l’importance de proposer des sources d’informations valides, précises et simples pour informer et rassurer la population des risques associés au coronavirus chez les enfants.
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Le Béchec, Mariannig, Aline Bouchard, Philippe Charrier, Claire Denecker, Gabriel Gallezot et Stéphanie Rennes. State of open science practices in france (SOSP-FR). Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/5.
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L’enquête State of Open Science Practices in France (SOSP-FR) a été conduite entre juin 2020 et septembre 2020. Elle a pour but d’interroger les pratiques des outils numé- riques et autour des données de la recherche dans les communautés scientifiques françaises. Le questionnaire se compose de 38 questions réparties en 9 thématiques. Les questions portent sur des pratiques déjà établies et des pratiques ou usages émer- gents comme l’open peer review ou les articles de données dits data paper. Le nombre de répondants est de 1089, permettant d’interroger une répartition disciplinaire, genrée et statutaire assez représentative de l’état de l’emploi dans l’enseignement supérieur et de recherche en France. Dans l’enquête, le focus sur le contexte de travail des répondants, qualifié de solitaire ou collectif, met en exergue des différences dans les pratiques, notamment d’archivage des données de recherche et dans les usages, particulièrement d’accès à l’information, aux infrastructures de recherche ou aux outils numériques institutionnels. Les réseaux sociaux des chercheurs semblent influencer les pratiques et les usages liés à la science ouverte en France. En distinguant les usages et les pratiques selon deux perspectives, l’une où la science ouverte est associée à une dimension humaine incluant une ouverture au plus grand nombre des résultats de recherche et l’autre où la dimension technique, incluant l’usage d’un environnement numérique libre et gratuit, est celle qui prévaut, les résultats aboutissent à des distinctions disciplinaires mais également statuaires, générationnelles et au niveau du contexte de travail. Les résultats sont équivalents quant à l’arrivée de nouveaux logiciels et langages de programmation, comme nous avons pu le constater avec R, Excel et Python. L’acculturation aux enjeux de la science ouverte passe par des collectifs, plus accessibles dans des environnements de recherche que dans le couple recherche-enseignement.
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Robert-Lachaine, Xavier, Hakim Mecheri, Denis Denys et Christian Larivière. Élaboration et faisabilité d'application d'une méthode d'évaluation biomécanique de l'exposition physique lors du port d'exosquelettes en milieu de travail. IRSST, février 2025. https://doi.org/10.70010/crod7506.
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La prévalence des troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS) liés au travail physique reste prédominante selon les données épidémiologiques. Les récentes avancées technologiques des exosquelettes représentent une opportunité pour la prévention des TMS. Des études ont montré que les exosquelettes peuvent réduire l'activité musculaire pendant des tâches spécifiques en laboratoire. Cependant, très peu d'études ont évalué les exosquelettes directement sur le lieu de travail. L'objectif est d’élaborer une méthode d’évaluation de l'efficacité des exosquelettes à réduire l'exposition physique des travailleuses et travailleurs et de vérifier sa polyvalence. La méthode indique la posture et l'activité musculaire des régions du dos et des épaules à l'aide d'instruments portables pour des tâches en laboratoire ou en milieu de travail. Un système sans fil Xsens corps complet (17 senseurs) a permis l’analyse du mouvement. Un système électromyographique (EMG) sans fil Delsys a été utilisé pour l'activation musculaire du trapèze supérieur, deltoïde médian, deltoïde antérieur, obliques externes et érecteurs spinaux [ilio-costalis (L3) et longissimus (L1)] normalisée avec des contractions volontaires maximales. Quatre exosquelettes passifs, soit deux pour assister le tronc (Laevo, Biolift) et deux pour les épaules (ShoulderX, Ekso) ont été testés. La phase en laboratoire impliquait quatre hommes en bonne santé sans expérience. Ils ont effectué des tâches de manutention de boîtes et de transferts de pièces de viande répliqués d’une entreprise agroalimentaire. La phase en entreprise impliquait deux travailleurs masculins et deux ouvrières effectuant des transferts de flancs. Les tâches des deux phases débutaient sans exosquelette, puis chaque exosquelette était testé. Bien que l’objectif de l’étude n’était pas d’évaluer l’efficacité des exosquelettes, les résultats de l’analyse du mouvement et de l’activation musculaire étaient dans les plages de valeurs observées dans d’autres études. Cette concordance avec ce qui était attendu selon la littérature montre la faisabilité de la méthode à évaluer directement en milieu de travail sur différents types d’exosquelettes. En général, similairement à d’autres études, les quatre exosquelettes testés ont provoqué peu d’effets sur l’activation de l'ensemble des muscles, ceci tant en laboratoire qu’en entreprise. Une méthode d'évaluation biomécanique des exosquelettes a été élaborée. Elle montre une bonne polyvalence entre le laboratoire et le terrain sur différents types d'exosquelettes. Elle permet l'analyse du mouvement et de l’EMG pour indiquer le potentiel de réduction de l'effort. Les données préliminaires suggèrent une efficacité immédiate limitée des quatre exosquelettes à réduire l'exposition physique pendant les tâches testées en laboratoire et en entreprise.
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BOUCHIAT, Hélène, Etienne GHYS et Juliette ROCHET. Sciences : où sont les femmes ? Académie des sciences, juin 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62686/4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le monde de la recherche scientifique souffre de la sous-représentation des femmes, particulièrement forte dans certaines disciplines, qui le prive d’une partie de ses talents à différents niveaux et dans différents corps de métiers de la science et de l’ingénierie. Consciente du rôle qu’elle a à jouer aux côtés des nombreuses institutions, sociétés savantes ou encore associations qui agissent pour corriger ce déséquilibre préjudiciable à toute la société, l’Académie des sciences souhaite ici apporter sa réflexion, ses propositions et recommandations quant à quatre causes bien établies. Sans complaisance ni anachronisme, elle rend également compte de la situation passée et actuelle des femmes parmi ses membres, avant de présenter les actions qu’elle met en place aujourd’hui en son sein pour accompagner la dynamique collective visant la parité du monde scientifique.
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Mills, Evelyn. Christine de Pizan's Passive Heroines : Recoding Feminine Identities in Le Livre de la cité des dames and Le Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7426.
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Corriveau, Elizabeth, Travis Thornell, Mine Ucak-Astarlioglu, Dane Wedgeworth, Hayden Hanna, Robert Jones, Alison Thurston et Robyn Barbato. Characterization of pigmented microbial isolates for use in material applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46633.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Organisms (i.e., plants and microorganisms) contain pigments that allow them to adapt and thrive under stressful conditions, such as elevated ultraviolet radiation. The pigments elicit characteristic spectral responses when measured by active and passive sensors. This research study focused on characterizing the spectral response of three organisms and how they compared to background spectral signatures of a complex environment. Specifically, spectra were collected from a fungus, a plant, and two pigmented bacteria, one of which is an extremophile bacterium. The samples were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dis-criminated using chemometric means. A top-down examination of the spectral data revealed that organisms could be discriminated from one an-other through principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, there was a strong distinction between the plant and the pigmented microorganisms. Spectral differences resulting in samples with the highest variance from the natural background were identified using PCA loading plots. The outcome of this work is a spectral library of pigmented biological candidates for coatings applications.
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Führ, Martin. Öffentlich-rechtliche Fragestellungen in Prosumptions-Modellen. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627840.
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Prosumptionsmodelle im Bereich Ernährung und Bekleidung bieten Potential für eine Nachhaltige Entwicklung. Dabei lässt sich das klassische Verhältnis zwischen Anbietern und Konsumierenden verändern. Statt – eher passiver – Nachfrage, geht es um aktive Beiträge der Konsumenten, die sich damit auf den Weg hin zu „Prosumern“ machen. Aus öffentlich-rechtlicher Sicht geht damit eine Rollenverschiebung einher, die sich auch in der daran geknüpften „Verantwortungs-Konstellation“ niederschlägt: Wer aktiv in das Austausch-Verhältnis eintritt, den treffen auch die damit verbundenen Pflichten. Dies gilt grundsätzlich für alle Rollenverschiebungen im vorgenannten Sinne, also etwa auch für den Bereich der Bekleidung. Allerdings sind die damit einhergehenden Risiken für die Kunden (im Sinne einer Gefährdung von Leben und Gesundheit) in der Regel deutlich geringer als bei der Vermarktung von Lebensmitteln. Verunreinigungen, seien sie herstellungsbedingt oder durch nachträgliche Kontamination mit Mikro-Organismen (Bakterien, Pilze etc.) hervorgerufen, können zu Gesundheitsgefährdungen führen. Diese Risiko-Konstellation hat den Staat veranlasst, ein vergleichsweise dichtes Geflecht an öffentlich-rechtlichen Vorgaben zu etablieren, die relevant sind sowohl für (Food-) Sharing-Ansätze als auch für Modelle der solidarischen Landwirtschaft (SoLaWi). Aus öffentlich-rechtlicher Perspektive stellen sich im Bereich der beiden vorgenannten Fallbeispiele aus dem Bereich der Lebensmittelwirtschaft vor allem Fragen im Zusammenhang mit den einzuhaltenden Hygiene-Anforderungen. In der Praxis gab es hier auch bereits Auseinandersetzungen mit den zuständigen Behörden. Diese Stellungnahme konzentriert sich daher auf die damit zusammenhängenden Fragen.