Thèses sur le sujet « PERT »

This study aims to evaluate a different approach to diabetes patient education. It begins with an overview of the epidemiology of Type 2 diabetes in recognition that although there have been major developments over the years in identifying and treating diabetes, people with diabetes are still dying prematurely and their quality of their life is still poor when compared to those without the condition. Chapter 2 reviews definitions of health, health behaviour models, relevant international literature and its impact on national policy. Most countries are currently at the experimental stage of developing therapeutic and self-management education programmes. However, routine patient education in Europe and the United States is still based largely on biomedical models. A systematic review of group-based, therapeutic and self-management education programmes for adults with Type 2 diabetes is presented in Chapter 3. This reveals that these approaches to diabetes education improve diabetes control, enhance patient knowledge of diabetes and reduce the requirement for diabetes medication. There is also some evidence to suggest there is increased self-management skills, self-empowerment, quality of life and treatment satisfaction, although further research is recommended to confirm those findings. The tutor's manual for the expert patient programme "X-PERT" is presented in Chapter 4. This was written to encourage the delivery of the X-PERT programme to adults living with Type 2 diabetes. It is designed to illustrate the theories of empowerment and patient activation. Delivery and content of this six-session, group-based, health professional-led diabetes expert patient programme is described in detail. The research proposal for the randomised controlled trial is presented in Chapter 5. A brief background summary is followed by a full description of development of the X-PERT trial, demographic aspects of Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale and the research design. The intervention group was invited to attend the X-PERT programme whilst the control group received routine diabetes treatment. The X-PERT trial tests the hypothesis that delivery of a professional-led, community based, diabetes-specific expert patient programme for adults with Type 2 diabetes based on the theories of patient empowerment and patient activation would: (1) develop the skills and confidence needed for patients to be able to make informed decisions regarding their diabetes self-management; (2) improve biomedical, lifestyle and psychosocial outcomes both in the short term (four months) and longer-term (14 months); (3) meet the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) structure and process standards regarding diabetes education. The results, presented in Chapter 6, support each of the three aspects of the hypothesis stated above. The expert patients, compared with the control group, improved their diabetes control, became more knowledgeable about their diabetes, had a greater sense of empowerment, increased their self-management skills and food related quality of life. Many of the IDF diabetes education standards were also addressed. Chapter 7 considers the strengths and limitations of the trial. It then concludes that a structured, group-based approach to patient education, using models of patient empowerment and activation, offers an improved approach to the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, a serious, expensive and increasing international problem. Pressures on NHS resources from diabetes and its complications are large. Offering people living with diabetes the skills and confidence to self-manage their condition could bring immense benefits, both to those with the condition and to the NHS.

This thesis demonstrates comparison of methods PERT and Critical Chain on the practical project of the development of golf course Liščí louky. In terms of the project the owners of the company GOLF Šumava s.r.o. will make a decision between two feasible alternates of the project. The thesis presents the comparison by methods PERT and Critical Chain by using software MS Project. The recommendation of the final alternate of the project for the owners was made not only on the basis of time and cost analysis but also on the basis of SWOT analyse.

Construction projects regularly face scheduling, cost control, risk management, and planning problems, causing the projects to finish beyond their predetermined due date; this is a global phenomenon. However, such significant challenges are increasing in the context of developing countries, including Libya. Previous research by Greenwood, Abubaker and Osborne (2008) on the construction industry in Libya has shown that many factors contribute to project delay, and the effect of these may be mitigated by employing effective project management (PM) techniques, including Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). However, to date, there has been no previous in-depth research on PM techniques like PERT in Libya. Thus, the main aim of this study was to investigate the extent of PERT implementation by construction projects in Libya through identifying the benefits and the barriers of such a technique in PM. Based on a mixed method design and a pragmatic philosophical approach, this study employed an exploratory sequential dominant status typology to achieve its objectives. It involved two separate, but integrated phases. The first phase was quantitative research based on a simple random sample of 300 managers/contractors from the construction sector in Libya, who completed a questionnaire. The main aim of this phase was to test the hypothesized relationships between the four constructs of the conceptual framework: PERT implementation, benefits of PERT, barriers to PERT, and project-delay factors. The second phase was qualitative in nature based on a purposive sample, in which 12 managers/engineers from the construction companies participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews. The aim of this phase was to explain the findings of the first phase by interviewing managers and engineers. The qualitative data were transcribed, coded and then thematically analysed. The qualitative findings confirmed the infrequent implementation of PERT in the construction industry in Libya, as Gantt chart is the most frequent and effective tool used by Libyan construction sector. Additionally, the respondents perceived many benefits of PERT implementation, including: effective communication, cost control, planning scheduling, time management, and risk management related benefits. However, there are many barriers to PERT implementations perceived by managers/engineers. These barriers include lack of resources and training, e.g., required skills, related training, and the disadvantages of PERT, e.g., complex and time consuming. This is the first in-depth study on PERT implementation in the Libyan construction sector. It contributes to knowledge by providing an in-depth investigation of the current situation of PERT implementation regarding its perceived benefits and barriers, and its role in mitigating the factors of project delay. This could inform the development of future use implementation of project management (PM) techniques and tools, in particular, PERT, in the Libyan construction sector. Finally, this study developed a range of recommendations, including a theoretical best practice framework, limitations, and future research opportunities.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico
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La forte croissance du trafic aérien, notamment dans l'espace européen, occasionne des situations de conflit plus complexes qui font augmenter la charge de travail des contrôleurs. Afin de trouver une solution globale pour un cluster comprenant plusieurs avions avec un grand nombre de conflits, on doit résoudre le problème de la coordination d'actions entre des avions pour la résolution des conflits. Ce problème est un problème combinatoire NP-difficile, si l'objectif est la minimisation du coût global. On ne connaît pas de méthode exacte donnant une solution globale à ce problème dans les situations où le trafic est dense. Dans cette thèse, nous élaborons une approche basée sur la théorie de l'ordonnancement et plus précisément sur les modèles disjonctifs: chaque cluster de n avions en conflit est modélisé par un graphe PERT disjonctif, chaque paire d'arcs disjonctifs représente un conflit entre deux avions impliqués dans le cluster. Il faut résoudre un problème classique d'ordonnancement avec des contraintes conjonctives et disjonctives dont l'objectif est la minimisation de la somme des retards. Le graphe PERT solution montre le séquencement des actions (manœuvres), que les avions impliqués dans le cluster devront effectuer pour la résolution des conflits. Cette nouvelle approche a été intégrée dans la plateforme de simulation eDEP. Elle a été expérimentée avec un cluster de 20 avions avec 37 conflits effectifs, et un cluster de 15 avions avec 49 conflits effectifs en des temps de calcul acceptables. Les résultats numériques obtenus montrent l'efficacité de l'approche basée sur l'ordonnancement disjonctif, que n'inclut pas la résolution de conflit.

Nous proposons de développer des outils d’aide à la décision pour l’ordonnancement de chaînes logistiques. Nous privilégions la coopération entre les différents acteurs de la chaîne notamment la négociation avec les fournisseurs sur les dates d’arrivée des composants, et avec les clients sur les dates de livraisons des produits finis. Nous considérons une chaîne logistique qui consiste en un réseau d’entreprises avec des centres de décisions indépendants. Les produits finis ou semi finis des entreprises d’assemblage sont fabriqués en utilisant des composants ou produits semi finis fournis par les autres entreprises du réseau ou par des fournisseurs externes. On est au niveau opérationnel, chaque entreprise construit son ordonnancement par rapport à ses propres centres de production. Comme la production de produits finis dépend des composants, des négociations sont entamées entre les entreprises concernant les dates d’arrivées des composants (les fenêtres de temps). Une solution globale est obtenue par une approche itérative par décomposition incluant des négociations bilatérales entre les centres de production et de décisions pour définir l’ordonnancement juste à temps minimisant la somme des pénalités. Pour résoudre l’ordonnancement juste à temps local de chaque centre de production nous proposons une méthode approchée basée sur les algorithmes génétiques. Chaque solution est évaluée grâce à un algorithme polynomial basé sur le PERT coût. Un contrôle semi décentralisé est envisagé pour assurer la convergence des négociations. Par ailleurs, nous étudions un ensemble de problèmes concernant l’optimisation des transports dans les chaînes logistiques
We propose new decision methods for coordinating supply chain scheduling. We focus on the cooperation between supply chain partners by means of negotiations about suppliers’ raw materials arrival dates, and customers’ delivery dates of finished. We consider a supply chain, which consists in a network of independant enterprises. The finished products (or sub products) of the assembly enterprise are produced using components and/or sub products supplied by other enterprises or by external suppliers. We are at the scheduling level and each enterprise builds its own schedules associated with its production centers. As an operation can be performed only when the production center has received the necessary components, the schedules are dependent. This induces negotiations between decision centers which is expressed by penalty functions associated with soft and hard release dates and due dates. A global solution is searched by an iterative decomposition approach including alternatively bilateral negotiations between the production decision centers and just in time scheduling, minimizing the local total sum of penalties. To solve each local just-in-time scheduling problem, we propose an approximation approach based on meta-heuristics, which explores the set of solutions, in which a solution is described by the job order on each machine and is evaluated using a “pert cost” algorithm.. A semi-decentralized control is suggested to assume the negotiation convergence. Furthermore, we study some transportation optimization problems in supply chains

Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé de nouvelles méthodes d'aide à la décision pour l'ordonnancement dans la chaîne logistique. Nous avons proposé des méthodes qui privilégient la coopération entre les différents acteurs de la chaîne logistique notamment en ce qui concerne la négociation avec les fournisseurs sur les dates d'arrivée des composants, et avec les clients sur les dates de livraisons des produits finis. Au niveau opérationnel, chaque acteur construit son ordonnancement par rapport à ses propres centres de production. Comme la production de produits finis dépend des composants, des négociations sont entamées entre les acteurs concernant les dates d'arrivées des composants (les fenêtres de temps). Une solution globale est obtenue par une approche itérative pour définir l'ordonnancement juste à temps minimisant la somme des pénalités (retards et avances par rapport aux dates fixées). Pour la résolution du problème d'ordonnancement juste à temps, local à chaque centre de production, nous avons proposé une méthode approchée basée sur les algorithmes génétiques. Chaque solution est évaluée grâce à un algorithme pseudo-polynomial basé sur le PERT coût. Un contrôle semi décentralisé est développé pour assurer la convergence des négociations. Par ailleurs, nous avons étudié un ensemble de problèmes concernant l'optimisation des transports dans les chaînes logistiques.

L'evolution des contraintes d'organisation et de gestion de la production a conduit a l'emergence de reseaux defirmes ayant un projet productif commun, que nous denommons "systemes de production multicentriques". Le pilotage de ces productions pose le probleme de la coherence, par rapport a un objectif global, des zones d'autonomie des differents acteurs locaux. Dans ce cadre, notre recherche a porte sur la problematique de la coherence et de la performance de dispositifs de coordination, sachant que nous nous sommes focalisee sur les strategies de reduction et de respect des delais. Notre travail s'articule autour d'une methode hierarchique de planification/ ordonnancement dite "methode des anticipations dynamiques" (mad). Cette methode repose sur une planification +mrp au plus tot; tirant parti d'une analyse pert des nomenclatures et sur un ordonnancement dynamique fonde sur ies marges degagees a l'etape de planification. Des experimentations par simulation ont montre la superiorite de cette methode sur celles classiquement mises en oeuvre en industrie, superiorite qui s'explique par la coherence qu'elle instaure entre les decisions prises au niveau central de planification et les ordonnancements mis en oeuvre de facon decentralisee. Or, en pratique, cette coherence est souvent remise en cause par des actions locales destinees a repondre a des imperatifs du court terme ou a corriger des deviations des plans de production. Parmi ces remises en cause, on peut citer la replanification des ordres lances face a des retards constates et le reordonnancement selon des criteres locaux relevant du savoir faire ou des interets propres des acteurs operationnels. Ces deux phenomenes ainsi que la question de l'evaluation economique d'une approche de pilotage de la production (prise en compte des encours et des penalites de retard) ont constitue les trois axes autour desquels nous avons approfondi l'etude de la mad. Cette etude nous a permis de mettre en evidence l'interet et la necessite d'une nouvelle approche pour le pilotage des productions multicentriques, mais surtout elle nous a permis de comprendre et d'interpreter les mecanismes a l'origine de nombreux dysfonctionnements lies au comportement dynamique des systemes de production
Our work deals with the problem of production control in large manufacturing firms with a network structure. One of the crucial problems production planners do face is that of insuring good global performance given the number of interactions between different planning and scheduling decisions that take place in a local context. In this work we examine the question of performance and coherence of different production control procedures and we focus on strategies aimed at reducing the length of manufacturing lead-time and increasing due date reliability. This research relies on a specific planning and scheduling approach called the + dynamic anticipation approach ; (daa). This approach consists of a hierarchical two stage decomposition of the planning/scheduling process : the planing stage uses a combined pert/mrp procedure and shop floor control is achieved using a dynamic scheduling rule based on the floats derived at the planing stage. Simulation experiments showed the performance of the daa and it's superiority over other classical production control policies. The high performance of the daa is mostly related to the coherence that it achieves between planing and scheduling decisions. In practical situations however, this coherence is very hard to insure because a lot of unplanned events occur and local actors, faced to short term considerations, always take decisions that may lead to incoherence with global medium term choices. Accelerating or delaying released orders and scheduling the work in process with respect to local performance criteria are the most classical examples of such decisions. So, we pursued the study of the daa taking into account these two situations. On the other hand, we proposed a new evaluation of the performance of different production control approaches that considers economical aspects such as work in process and late penalties costs. These investigations showed the necessity to develop new approaches to control complex production systems and it allowed us to explain the dynamic behavior of production systems

Analysis of the "Automated processing of telephone bills" in a large consulting firm. Use of project management methods: logical framework, analysis of stakeholders, responsibility matrix, milestones chart, PERT analysis.The main objective it to develop the concept, in which it will be better to handle projects in the consulting company in the future. The information for the purposes of this thesis were collected using the method of guided interviews with leading professionals in the company and using the online questionnaire.

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.
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A PARTIR D'UN MODELE MIXTE D'ACTIVITES SYNCHRONISEES ET CONCURRENTE, NOUS DECRIVONS UN OUTIL DE PREDICTION DE PERFORMANCE DU PARALLELISME, EN INTEGRANT DES TECHNIQUES DE GENIE LOGICIEL. UNE INTERFACE HOMME/MACHINE CONVIVIALE EST DEVELOPPEE, AINSI QU'UN GESTIONNAIRE D'OBJETS PERMETTANT DE CONSERVER ET DE MANIPULER RAPIDEMENT LES MODELES DE L'UTILISATEUR. LES ESTIMATEURS DE PERFORMANCE PEUVENT ETRE OBTENUS PAR SIMULATION OU PAR DES SOLVEURS ANALYTIQUES, POUR DES CAS RESTREINTS DU MODELE. NOUS ETUDIONS EN PARTICULIER LE MODELE PERT ET UNE GENERALISATION DE CELUI-CI ADAPTE A L'ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT TEMPOREL DES LOGICIELS (PERT biologiQUE). POUR CELA, NOUS DEVELOPPONS UN ALGORITHME DE FAIBLE COMPLEXITE FOURNISSANT UN ENCADREMENT DU TEMPS D'EXECUTION. NOUS ETUDIONS ENSUITE LE COMPORTEMENT ASYMPTOTIQUE DU TEMPS D'EXECUTION DE GRAPHES AYANT UNE TOPOLOGIE REGULIERE
A new model of synchronised activities, which is a superset of queueing networks, has been developped. It is used to define a modeling tool, following a recent trend in the design of modeling packages that considers performance evaluation as a part of CASE. This implies user friendly interfaces and support to store and efficiently explore the user knowledge of his models. Performance estimators are obtained through simulation, or using analytical algorithms which provide an efficient alternative to costly simulations for subparts of the general model. Particularly investigated are the PERT and biologic PERT network models. Some stochastic bounds of the completion time are derived, using an algorithm of low polynomial complexity in the number of nodes in the graph. Also studied is the asymptotic execution time for a restricted class of networks which exhibit some topologic regularity

In my thesis, I applied project management in optimizing activities in the implementation of wooden buildings. I used methods of PERT and CPM, and then compared their contribution to practical use in the implementation of the historic wooden buildings of baroque truss. I suggested classification methodology sorting random effects in the implementation of timber, which will be useful in the practice of project management. Then I confronted estimates project duration calculated according to these methods with real historical truss during construction.

We investigate the issues in making a delay-based protocol adaptive to heterogeneous environments. We assess and address the problems a delay-based protocol faces when competing with a loss-based protocol such as TCP. We investigate if noise and variability in delay measurements in environments such as cable and ADSL access networks impact the delay-based protocol behavior significantly. We investigate these issues in the context of incremental deployment of a new delay-based protocol, PERT. We propose design modifications to PERT to compete with the TCP flavor SACK. We show through simulations and real network experiments that, with the proposed changes, PERT experiences lower drop rates than SACK and leads to lower overall drop rates with different mixes of PERT and SACK protocols. Delay-based protocols, being less aggressive, have problems in fully utilizing a highspeed link while operating alone. We show that a single PERT flow can fully utilize a high-speed, high-delay link. We performed several experiments with diverse parameters and simulated numerous scenarios using ns-2. The results from simulations indicate that PERT can adapt to heterogeneous networks and can operate well in an environment of heterogeneous protocols and other miscellaneous scenarios like wireless networks (in the presence of channel errors). We also show that proposed changes retain the desirable properties of PERT such as low loss rates and fairness when operating alone. To see how the protocol performs with the real-world traffic, the protocol has also been implemented in the Linux kernel and tested through experiments on live networks, by measuring the throughput and losses between nodes in our lab at TAMU and different machines at diverse location across the globe on the planet-lab. The results from simulations indicate that PERT can compete with TCP in diverse environments and provides benefits as it is incrementally deployed. Results from real-network experiments strengthen this claim as PERT shows similar behavior with the real-world traffic.

Esta dissertação descreve o desenvolvimento de um sistema de planejamento e controle gerencial que utiliza a metodologia PERT/CPM. O objetivo do trabalho foi a criação de um sistema de planejamento voltado ao pequeno e médio usuário que permitisse grande interação deste com o problema. São descritas todas as fases do projeto, desde as análises iniciais do problema e proposta de alternativas para o modelo de representação, até a descrição da implementação. A implementação foi realizada em um computador do tipo APLLE II dando especial atenção ao projeto do diálogo usuário-sistema.
This work describes the development of a planning, management and control system based on the PERT/CPM methodology. The goal was to develop an interactive planning system to be used by the small and middle user. All the project phases are describe, from the problem analysis and alternatives of model representation up to the description of the implementation. The implementation was made in a Apple II computer emphasizing the project of the user - system language.

Každý projekt je ze své povahy spojen s jistou dávkou rizika a nejistoty, kterou je nutné zohlednit při volbě adekvátních metod pro jeho řízení. Cílem práce je tyto metody klasifikovat, porovnat a aplikovat na případové studii z podnikové praxe. Podrobněji jsou přitom rozebrány právě ty metody, které byly vhodné pro zkoumaný projekt z případové studie: jedná se o metodu CPM/PERT, simulaci Monte Carlo a analýzu projektu prostřednictvím bayesovských sítí.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of risk management during the contract in Provident Financial company which focuses on short-term and mid-term loans. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part provides theoretical basis based on professional literature. The analytical part is focused on introduction of the company, description of the course of the contract and risks associated with it and analysis of external environment. Last part shows proposals to minimize the risks mentioned in the analysis and a proposal for new information system, which is important for the company.

This master’s thesis deals with project management and the proposal of processing of processes centralized procurement purchases. It mentions the issue of theoretical knowledge in project management and planning and principles for legislation of public procurement. Includes analysis of company and of the solved problem, including the proposed solution.

A tecnologia de workflow encontra-se atualmente ainda em fase inicial, porém, apresentando um grande crescimento nos últimos anos. Negócios em todo mundo estão usando o suporte automatizado do workflow para tornar suas ilhas de automação administrativas em eficiente e efetivos instrumentos com conseqüências comerciais importantes. Esta tecnologia facilita, através de softwares e metodologias, a modelagem do processo de negócio como uma especificação de workflow, a reengenharia de processos especificados e, finalmente, a automação do processo de negócio. Porém, não existe uma padronização para esta tecnologia. Uma atenção especial está sendo dada por parte dos pesquisadores no intuito de padronizar conceitos que sejam aceitos pela comunidade em geral, ou seja, usuários, desenvolvedores e os próprios pesquisadores. Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar e discutir esta tecnologia, mais especificamente sobre uma de suas funcionalidades, a alocação de atividades. A alocação de atividades é responsável pela distribuição das atividades às pessoas aptas por sua execução. Os principais conceitos envolvidos na tecnologia são citados e comentados. O problema da alocação é apresentado, discutido e soluções são propostas. Finalmente, é implementado um protótipo para avaliar e validar as idéias apresentadas.
The workflow technology is in an initial phase, however, it has been growing in the last years. Business all over the world are using automated support of workflow to turn their islands of automated administrations into an efficient and effective instrument with important commercial consequences. This technology makes easy the business process modeling as a workflow specification, the process specification reengineering and, last, the business process automation, by the use of software and methodologies. However, a standard for this technology does not exist. A special attention has been giving by the academic community to obtain a standard, which will be accepted by the users, the developers and the academic comunity. This work has the goal of presenting and discussing this techonology, more specifically about the problem of activities allocation in a workflow system. The activities allocation is responsible for the distribution of an activity to the right person. The main concepts related to workflow are presented and discussed. The allocation problem is presented, discussed and solutions are suggested. A prototype is implemented to evaluate the presented ideas.

The diploma thesis is focused on the use of project management methods in the company during a pandemic. The aim is to create a project proposal for the creation and promotion of a new company website with a full-fledged online store in order to increase product sales. The theoretical part describes the individual concepts and methods that are used in the analytical and design part. The analysis of the company is processed in the analytical part. Based on the information obtained about the company, a project proposal is developed using project management methods.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnologico
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Project management approaches are commonly used to write and implement business plans. In this thesis standard project management tools and methods are applied to a real project, which aims to improve the properties of the product it offers (an online educational game). This project is unique in that it is based on a voluntary basis, has limited resources and is very responsive to market demands. Project management is broken down into four stages according to the project life cycle: initiation, planning, execution and completion. In this thesis only the first three phases are discussed and the greatest emphasis is placed on the planning phase, in which different methods (CPM, PERT) are used to determine whether the project can be completed on time. The outputs of the time analysis are followed by a resource analysis, in which the total duration of the project is estimated more accurately. The execution phase uses the methods of decision theory to solve the problems that might arise during the project implementation and evaluates the use of elaborated plans.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O gerenciamento do tempo nos projetos de construção civil usualmente utiliza algoritmos determinísticos para o cálculo dos prazos de finalização e algoritmos PERT para avaliação da probabilidade de o mesmo terminar até uma determinada data. Os resultados calculados pelos algoritmos tradicionais possuem defasagens nos prazos se comparados aos encontrados na realidade o que vem fazendo com que a simulação venha se tornando uma ferramenta cada vez mais utilizada no gerenciamento de projetos. O objetivo da dissertação é estudar o problema dos prazos de finalização dos projetos desenvolvendo novas técnicas de cálculo que reflitam melhor os prazos encontrados na vida real. A partir disso é criada uma ferramenta prática de gerenciamento do tempo de atividades de projetos de construção enxuta baseada em planilha eletrônica onde serão utilizadas técnicas de simulação a eventos discretos, com base em distribuições de probabilidade como, por exemplo, a distribuição beta.
Time management in construction projects usually use deterministic algorithms to calculate the time of fulfillment, and PERT algorithms to evaluate the probability of such project ending by a certain date. The results achieved by traditional algorithms are not accurate when compared to those found in the field, which is increasing the use of simulation as a tool in project management. The aim of this dissertation is to study the deadline fulfillment problems of projects, developing new calculation techniques that better represent the deadlines found in real life. For such study is developed a practical tool for time management of lean construction projects based on spreadsheet which will be used discrete event simulation techniques based in probability distributions, such as, the beta distribution.

This master’s thesis deals with the design and implementation of an information system for the company ProSpánek SE. The aim of my work is to assess the requirements for IS and to apply it well in operation. The diploma thesis focuses on the theoretical basis that is necessary for understanding the issue. Then a complete analysis, design and assignment of a suitable new information system to the company. It contains a proposal that contributes to the improvement, faster and lucid operation of the system.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In recent years much has been said about project management and how its contributions are important to the organizations to seek excellence and effectiveness in its undertakings. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI) , it is estimated that 25 % of global GDP are allocated to the projects, featuring increasingly the recognizing and the importance of this methodology and increasing its diffusion. Organizations that adopt this management methodology seek competitive advantages, new job opportunities and even to conquer other markets. But what it is perceived is that many organizations simply cannot meet deadlines in its planning and, in the presence of this scarcity, this dissertation presents the method of time planning on projects called Critical Chain Method, which is the application of the Constraints Theory in the environmental of projects, in a simulation of its applicability in the planning of activities to build an electrical energy sub transmission line of 69,000 volts. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of project management: PERT / CPM and Critical Chain Method (CCPM) in the building of this line. The methodologies adopted were a case study, seeking to understand by documental analyze of records the shape and the behavior of the planning by PERT / CPM and a experimental research, through planning simulation using the Critical Chain Method. In conclusion, this study showed that the CCPM reduces the deadlines and absorbs the deviations, without compromising the delivery of projects, since there are a commitment of the professionals involved and a radical change in the organizational culture of the enterprise analyzed.
Nos últimos anos muito se tem falado a respeito de gerenciamento de projetos e de como as suas contribuições são importantes para as organizações que buscam excelência e efetividade em seus empreendimentos. Segundo o Project Management Institute (PMI), é estimado que 25% do PIB mundial estejam destinados a projetos, caracterizando cada vez mais o reconhecimento e a importância dessa metodologia e aumentando a sua difusão. As organizações que adotam essa metodologia de gerenciamento buscam vantagens competitivas, novas oportunidades de trabalho e até mesmo a conquista de outros mercados. Mas o que se percebe é que muitas organizações simplesmente não conseguem cumprir os prazos estabelecidos em seus planejamentos, e, diante dessa carência, apresenta-se neste trabalho o método de planejamento de tempos em projetos denominado Método da Corrente Crítica, que é a aplicação da Teoria das Restrições no ambiente de projetos, em uma simulação de sua aplicabilidade no planejamento das atividades de construção de uma Linha de Subtransmissão de energia elétrica de 69.000 volts. O objetivo deste estudo foi confrontar dois métodos de gerenciamento de projetos: o PERT/CPM e o Método da Corrente Crítica (CCPM) na construção dessa linha. As metodologias adotadas foram um estudo de caso, buscando entender através da análise documental de registros a forma e o comportamento do planejamento por PERT/CPM, e uma pesquisa experimental, por meio de uma simulação de planejamento utilizando o Método da Corrente Crítica. Como conclusão, este trabalho mostrou que o método CCPM reduz os prazos e absorve os desvios, sem comprometer a entrega dos projetos, desde que existam um comprometimento dos profissionais envolvidos e uma mudança radical na cultura organizacional da empresa analisada.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnologico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção
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A análise de aceleração de projetos tem por objetivo reduzir a duração total de um projeto ao menor custo possível pela aplicação adicional de recursos apenas nas atividades que proporcionam, como contrapartida, a redução esperada na duração total. Apesar de ser eficiente e bastante conhecida, não vem sendo utilizada em larga escala devido a dificuldade em realizá-la por meio de métodos manuais. No entanto, isto pode ser contornado com a adoção de recursos computacionais adequados. A recente popularização do uso de microcomputadores e a inexistência de software comercial com esta característica levaram ao desenvolvimento do ADP, um programa que efetua a aceleração de projetos através do algoritmo do fluxo para CPM de Ford-Fulkerson e que permite - através de relatórios impressos e de várias opções de alteração de dados - uma rápida análise de sensibilidade quanto aos resultados obtidos. Este trabalho descreve o ambiente de projetos, o modelo de aceleração e as características do programa, através de um exemplo simplificado.

A presente dissertação visa contribuir para o aprofundamento do conhecimento da gestão de unidades de tomografia computorizada, através da decomposição, análise e quantificação temporal das tarefas realizadas numa unidade deste tipo. Foram aplicados conceitos da gestão de projetos como os métodos PERT e CPM, bem como a definição de caminhos críticos. Foram também analisadas as competências profissionais com a finalidade de intervir no sentido da sua melhoria nos pontos em que este estudo evidenciou fragilidade das mesmas. Foram analisadas também as dinâmicas formativas dos técnicos de radiologia (TR), através do estudo da sua evolução e desenvolvimento profissional ao longo dos anos, bem como o inerente desenvolvimento que lhes está associado Para a pesquisa realizada, em relação às opções metodológicas, privilegiámos um paradigma de estudo de caso e a aplicação de instrumentos de natureza quantitativa, sem excluir algumas abordagens qualitativas, para medir e avaliar os tempos gastos na realização das tarefas numa unidade de tomografia computorizada. Através destes procedimentos foi possível decompor o “exame” de tomografia computorizada, com a finalidade de sistematizar e adequar a programação desta tipologia de exames por período de trabalho, em função da equipa. Os resultados do estudo sugerem-nos um conjunto de caminhos críticos, razão pela qual sugerimos a necessidade de intervir na reorganização da programação dos exames de tomografia computorizada na unidade estudada, no sentido de melhorar a sua gestão, a acessibilidade e a qualidade dos serviços prestados, bem como a diminuição dos gastos em saúde. /ABSTRACT - The present dissertation seeks to contribute towards an increased understanding of the Management of Computerized Tomography Units via the decomposition, analysis and temporal quantification of the tasks carried out in a unit of this kind. Management project concepts such as PERT and CPM methods were applied as well as critical paths definitions. In addition, professional skills were analyzed with a view to making improvements in areas where weaknesses were detected. Focusing on the study of the prolonged evolution and professional development, the dynamics of training Radiology Technicians (RT) was also analyzed. For the present research we opted for a case study paradigm which applied simultaneously a qualitative and quantitative model to measure and assess the times spent in carrying out the decomposed tasks of the Computerized Tomography exam, with the purpose of systematizing and adapting the programming of these exams to the work period of the team. Our objective is to intervene in the programming of the exams, by improving the management, accessibility and the quality of the services provided, while lowering the cost of healthcare.

Afin de maitriser la qualité d'eau dans les réseaux d'eau chaude sanitaire, des traitements de désinfection thermiques et chimiques sont utilisés. Ces traitements de désinfection peuvent avoir un impact sur la dégradation des canalisations. L'influence de l'addition d'hypochlorite de sodium et de l'augmentation de la température sur la vitesse et le mode de dégradation des canalisations en cuivre, acier galvanisé, PERT/Al/PERT et PVCc a été étudiée. Pour ceci, des essais de vieillissement accéléré ont été réalisés en conditions statiques et dynamiques. Afin de réaliser les essais en conditions dynamiques, un banc d'essais à échelle 1 a été conçu et construit.La chimie des solutions d'hypochlorite de sodium à des températures élevées (>50°C) est complexe, ceci a motivé la réalisation d'une étude complémentaire sur les espèces présentes en fonction du pH et la cinétique de décomposition des solutions d'hypochlorite de sodium. Cette étude a révélé que l'augmentation de la température de 50°C à 70°C à une valeur de pH donnée produit une diminution significative de la concentration en acide hypochloreux. De plus, la décomposition de l'hypochlorite de sodium en chlorates est accélérée par la présence de cuivre et elle peut devenir significative à partir de 50°C.Les essais de vieillissement réalisés sur les canalisations ont révélé que l'addition d'hypochlorite de sodium est pénalisante par rapport à la vitesse de dégradation du cuivre, acier galvanisé et PERT/Al/PERT. Cependant, la dégradation du PVCc ne semble pas se voir affectée par l'addition d'hypochlorite de sodium. L'élévation de la température de 50°C à 70°C paraît accélérer légèrement la dégradation du PERT/Al/PERT et du PVCc. En revanche, avec une chloration de 25 ppm en hypochlorite de sodium, le mode de corrosion du cuivre est uniforme à 70°C tandis qu'il est localisé à 50°C.Les conclusions de ces résultats peuvent être d'utilité pour la conception et la maintenance des réseaux d'eau chaude sanitaire.

This diploma thesis will deal with optimization of backup system of elementary school in Židlochovice, with possibility of using own technologies or cloud services. The thesis analyzes the current state of the backup system, proposes two variants of optimization and one of them is recommended for implementation. The implementation of the selected one will be described using the Lewin‘s model of change and network diagram. The risks that may arise during implementation or operation will be highlighted and propose methods to reduce them.

The diploma thesis deals with a problematics of project management. The major point is to create a project that is aiming on expanding field of aktivity in selected company with the use of theoretical knowledge of project management. This knowledge is desribed in first chapter of the diploma thesis. The second chapter contains basic informations about company and the analysis of company surroundings. The last part of the thesis solves proposals and desribes benefits created by these solutions in monitored company.

This diploma thesis deals with the assessment of the information system of the company SAbis Logistics s.r.o. The current system is analyzed using various analyzes and based on the results of the analyzes, changes to the information system are proposed, which should lead to streamlining the company's processes.

The master's thesis focuses on the company InQool, a. S., Which provides mainly services focused on IT. The main task is to create a proposal to improve the existing information system in the analyzed company InQool, a.s. The work is divided into three parts. The first part is an overview of the theory of the issue, the second part is devoted to detailed analysis of society, including the information system, and the last part consists of their own proposals to improve the existing information system with financial evaluation.

This diploma thesis deals with the optimization of the production process, namely the assembly of the machine tool. It contains a detailed description of the assembly process and its integration throughout the standard business case. The PERT method is used as the main optimization tool, complemented by a Gantt diagram. The aim is to design a process for more efficient production planning.

[EN] Crystalline silicon solar cell performance and durability is highly influenced by substrate structure and composition. In this sense, the presence of impurities and lattice imperfections degrades the electrical behavior of the substrates limiting the power conversion efficiency potential of photovoltaic devices. The influence of material electrical behavior on device performance, is further increased in next generation silicon solar cells demanding high quality substrates to reach high efficiency. A industrial-like Czochralski (Cz) p-type, ingot was grown and sawed in wafers with resistivity ranging from 0.7 Ohm.cm to 2.1 Ohm.cm and thicknesses of 200 µm. The characterization of the radial and longitudinal distribution of resistivity as well as carbon, oxygen and iron content lead to a broad characterization ot the impurity distribution at the ingot level. The low carbon content ([C]<5E15 cm-3) contrasts with remarkable high interstitial oxygen (Oi). On the other hand, while effective carrier lifetime is not significativelly affected by the high Oi content, low Fei concentrations in the ingot tail ([Fei]>1E11 cm-3) and surface ([Fei]>1E12 cm-3) led to significant lifetime degradation. In addition, lifetime mapping of the tail of the ingot showed high density of crystal dislocations. The influence of the boron and phosphorus diffusion on the electrical performance of silicon substrates was studied. Phosphorus diffusion from a POCl3 source showed a beneficial effect on lifetime that was associated with the reduction of Fei content (external gettering effect). On the other hand, boron diffusion from a BCl3 source revealed a detrimental effect that could be related to a substantial increase of [Fei] in the range of one order of magnitude. A process sequence including consecutive boron and phosphorus diffusions showed a substantial degradation of lifetime at the ingot top that could be explained by Oi precipitation rings. The influence of the crystal defects, found at the ingot tail, on lifetime degradation after the diffusion processes was also confirmed. Al-BSF cells were manufactured from a batch of wafers extracted along the ingot with efficiencies ranging between 17.8% and 18.2% and showing low dependence of solar cell performance on the solidified fraction of the ingot. Internal Quantum Efficiency (IQE) and minority carrier diffusion length (Ld) mappings further confirmed the external gettering effect developed by the phosphorus diffusion. In a further stage, Passivated Emiteer Rear Totally-diffused (PERT) cells were manufactured with efficiencies in the range of 18.8% and 19.6%. As opposed to Al-BSF cells, electrical parameters of PERT cells were influenced by solidified fraction with a reduction of cell performance near the top and tail of the ingot. In a later stage, an additional batch of solar cells of three different architectures, including Al-BSF, PERT and Passivated Emitter Rear Contact (PERC), was successfully manufactured from the same region of a Cz boron-doped ingot. Real time monitoring of the Voc enabled the study of the influence of the cell architecture on the Light Induced Degradation (LID) and Regeneration (LIR) kinetics and amplitudes. Strong correlation between the cell architectures and the degradation amplitude were observed with higher efficiency losses for PERC cells mainly due to a higher sensibility to bulk carrier lifetime degradation. In addition, the potential of LIR processes to permanently suppress the LID effects on the studied solar cell architectures was confirmed. Main causes driving the influence of the architecture in LID amplitude and LIR kinetics were further investigated.
[ES] Las características de los substratos sobre los que son fabricadas las células fotovoltaicas cristalinas constituyen un elemento fundamental en su comportamiento y durabilidad. En este sentido, la presencia de impurezas e imperfecciones en la red cristalina reduce el comportamiento eléctrico de los substratos limitando el potencial de generación eléctrica de las células. Esta limitación se acrecienta en las células de nueva generación, en las que su potencial para aumentar la eficiencia de conversión fotovoltaica solo puede hacerse efectivo al utilizar substratos con altas prestaciones eléctricas. En la presente investigación se ha procedido a la cristalización mediante la técnica Czochralski (Cz) de un lingote monocristalino, tipo p con resistividad en el rango de 0.7-2.1 Ohm.cm y tamaño industrial. Su posterior corte en obleas de 200 µm de espesor nominal ha permitido disponer de obleas distribuidas a lo largo del lingote en una fracción solidificada entre el 2.0% y el 99.4%. La caracterización del lingote ha incluido la medida de la resistividad así como la reconstrucción longitudinal y radial de su concentración en carbono, oxígeno y hierro. El reducido contenido en carbono obtenido ([C]<5E15 cm-3) contrasta con una elevada concentración en oxígeno intersticial (Oi) sin efectos apreciables en las propiedades eléctricas del lingote. Contrariamente, la reducción del tiempo de vida efectivo en la periferia y cola del lingote, es atribuido al aumento de la concentración en hierro intersticial [Fei] en dichas regiones. El estudio de la influencia de las difusiones en la evolución de las propiedades eléctricas del material incluyó difusiones de boro y fósforo mediante BCl3 y POCl3. El estudio ha constatado el efecto benéfico de la difusión de fósforo en la periferia del lingote asociado a la reducción del contenido en Fei. Por el contrario, se ha constatado el efecto perjudicial de la difusión de boro explicado en buena medida por un aumento superior a un orden de magnitud en [Fei]. La aplicación sucesiva de difusiones de boro y fósforo ha revelado una degradación apreciable en la cabeza del lingote tras la aparición de patrones circulares en la medida del tiempo de vida característicos de la precipitación de Oi. Se ha podido constatar la influencia de la elevada densidad de dislocaciones, observada en la cola del lingote, en la respuesta del substrato ante las difusiones. La fabricación de células de tecnología Al-BSF, con eficiencias comprendidas entre 17.8% y 18.2%, ha evidenciado una reducida influencia de las variaciones de las propiedades eléctricas del substrato en el comportamiento de las células finales. A su vez, la cartografía de la eficiencia quántica interna (IQE) y de la longitud de difusión (Ld) ha confirmado el efecto benéfico de la difusión de boro en la periferia y cola del lingote. La fabricación de células Passivated Emiteer Rear Totally-difused (PERT), ha permitido la obtención de dispositivos con eficiencias entre 18.8% y 19.6%. Las eficiencias muestran valores máximos en el centro del lingote y una reducción apreciable en la cabeza y cola.En una última etapa, se ha procedido a la fabricación de arquitecturas de células fotovoltaicas Al-BSF, PERT y Passivated Emitter Rear Contact (PERC), con el objetivo de estudiar los procesos de degradación y regeneración asociados a la formación de pares boro-oxígeno (B-O). El estudio de la evolución de Voc con el tiempo ha constatado una dependencia de la amplitud de degradación y cinética de regeneración con la arquitectura de célula. En este sentido se ha observado una degradación significativamente superior en las células PERC principalmente atribuible a una mayor sensibilidad a degradaciones de la calidad del substrato. A su vez se ha confirmado el potencial de los procesos de regeneración inducidos por la luz para suprimir de manera permanente los efectos de la degradación inducida por la for
[CAT] Les característiques dels substrats sobre els quals són fabricades les cèl·lules fotovoltaiques cristal·lines constitueixen un element fonamental en el seu comportament i durabilitat. En aquest sentit, la presència d'impureses i imperfeccions en la xarxa cristal·lina redueix el comportament elèctric dels substrats limitant el potencial de generació elèctrica de les cèl·lules. Aquesta limitació es veu augmentada en les cèl·lules de nova generació, en què el seu potencial per augmentar l'eficiència de conversió fotovoltaica només pot fer-se efectiu mitjançant la utilització de substrats amb altes prestacions elèctriques. En la present investigació s'ha procedit a la cristal·lització mitjançant la tècnica Czochralski (Cz) d'un lingot monocristal·lí, tipus p amb resistivitat en l'interval de 0.7-2.1 Ohm.cm i mida industrial. El seu posterior tall en oblees de 200 micres de gruix nominal ha permès disposar d'oblees distribuïdes al llarg del lingot en una fracció solidificada entre el 2.0% i el 99.4%. La caracterització exhaustiva del lingot ha inclòs la mesura de la resistivitat així com la reconstrucció longitudinal i radial de la concentració en carboni, oxigen i ferro. El reduït contingut en carboni obtingut ([C]<5E15 cm-3) contrasta amb una elevada concentració d'oxigen intersticial (Oi) sense efectes apreciables en les propietats elèctriques del lingot. Contràriament, la reducció del temps de vida efectiu dels portadors de càrrega a la perifèria i cua del lingot, és atribuïda a l'augment de la concentració en ferro intersticial [Fei] en aquestes regions. L'estudi de la influència de les difusions en l'evolució de les propietats elèctriques del material va incloure difusions de bor i fòsfor mitjançant BCl3 i POCl3. L'estudi ha constatat l'efecte benèfic de la difusió de fòsfor en la perifèria del lingot associat a la reducció del contingut en Fei. Per contra, s'ha constatat l'efecte perjudicial de la difusió de bor explicat en bona mesura per un augment superior a un ordre de magnitud en [Fei]. L'aplicació successiva de difusions de bor i fòsfor ha revelat una degradació apreciable en el cap del lingot després de l'aparició de patrons circulars en la mesura del temps de vida efectiu característics de la precipitació d'Oi. Igualment s'ha pogut constatar la influència d'una elevada densitat de dislocacions, observada a la cua del lingot, en la resposta del substrat davant les difusions. La fabricació de cèl·lules de tecnologia A-BSF, amb eficiències compreses entre 17.8% i 18.2%, va permetre evidenciar una reduïda influència de les variacions de les propietats elèctriques del substrat en el comportament de les cèl·lules finals. Al mateix temps, la cartografia de l'eficiència quàntica interna (IQE) i de la longitud de difusió (Ld) ha confirmat l'efecte benèfic de la difusió de bor en la perifèria i cua del lingot. La fabricació de cèl·lules Passivated Emiteer Rear Totally-difused (PERT), ha permès l'obtenció de dispositius amb eficiències entre 18.8% i 19.6%. Les eficiències mostren valors màxims al centre del lingot i una reducció apreciable en el cap i cua. En una última etapa, s'ha procedit a la fabricació d'arquitectures de cèl·lules fotovoltaiques Al-BSF, PERT i Passivated Emitter Rear Contact(PERC), amb l'objectiu d'estudiar els processos de degradació i regeneració associats a la formació de parells bor-oxigen (B-O). L'estudi de l'evolució de Voc amb el temps s'ha constatat una dependència de l'amplitud de degradació i cinètica de regeneració amb l'arquitectura de cèl·lula. En aquest sentit es va observar una degradació significativament superior en les cèl·lules PERC principalment atribuïble a una major sensibilitat a degradacions de la qualitat del substrat. Al mateix temps es va confirmar el potencial dels processos de regeneració induïts per la llum, per suprimir de manera permanent els efectes de la degradaci
Cascant López, M. (2016). INFLUENCIA DE LA COMPOSICIÓN Y ESTRUCTURA DE LOS SUBSTRATOS DE SILICIO MONOCRISTALINO EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO ELÉCTRICO DE LAS CÉLULAS FOTOVOLTAICAS CRISTALINAS DE ALTA EFICIENCIA [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62356
TESIS

Un proceso de lanzamiento de productos nuevos puede convertirse en una ventaja competitiva si está correctamente administrada. Los productos nuevos tienen que tratarse como proyectos con sus restricciones de costos y tiempos, para ello, una planificación y control adecuado de los recursos escasos se vuelve preponderante si se quiere conseguir lanzar al mercado productos con la rapidez y eficacia requerida. En la industria cosmética es muy importante tener en cuenta estos factores. En este trabajo se plantea un procedimiento que usa diferentes técnicas de Ingeniería Industrial para tratar de establecer un Plan de lanzamiento de productos nuevos que cubra las principales restricciones y consideraciones del entorno, respetando los planes estratégicos de largo plazo de una compañía. Analizamos las técnicas clásicas de programación y control de proyectos como el PERT y CPM, para luego obtener soluciones mediante la programación lineal que toma en cuenta un mayor número de restricciones, finalmente complementamos esta técnica con el MRP, que, a pesar de tener su aplicación natural a la planeación de materiales, en este trabajo se utiliza su lógica para planificar los costos de los productos nuevos y mediante sucesivas iteraciones obtener conjuntos de solución factibles que permitan cubrir un amplio espectro de situaciones estratégicas. Con esto, se busca establecer un procedimiento que guíe, a quien enfrente este tipo de problemas, un curso de acción que le permita encontrar una solución factible y eficiente a su entorno.
Tesis

This diploma thesis deals with suitable choice of Human Resources control informational system serving a larger technological company. It also contains processing of chosen analysis to identify shortcomings in problematic fields of the company. Obtained pieces of knowledge are used to the solution proposal in context of the issues of choice and following implementation of informational systems into the company.

Cette thèse s'intéresse au management des risques dans les projets et processus logiciel. Après avoir fait le point sur l'existant, nous étudions les caractéristiques des risques avant de nous intéresser aux impacts temporels des risques. Nous proposons une méthode permettant de calculer la distribution probabiliste de la durée du projet/processus en fonction de ces risques. Nous developpons ensuite la notion de dépendance entre les risques et les prenons en compte dans le calcul de la durée d'un projet/processus. Enfin nous proposons une modélisation ULM d'un projet/processus avec ses risques.

Hlavním tématem práce je problematika plánování a řízení projektů v oblasti IS/ICT projektů. Tato oblast se poměrně dynamicky vyvíjí a vznikají nové přístupy k řízení a plánování projektů. Hlavním cílem práce je porovnat několik standardně používaných metod s jednou z novějších metod ? Kritický řetěz. Zároveň je snaha přiblížit softwarový produkt, který je na základě této metody založen a podporuje řízení projektů pomocí této metody. Práce je situována do reálného prostředí a srovnává dané metody na reálném projektu implementace IS/ICT projektu. Práce je rozdělena do několika částí. První popisuje daný projekt. Ukazuje výchozí stav a problémy, které by měl projekt vyřešit. Také popisuje cílový stav a činnosti, které je nutné vykonat, aby ho bylo dosáhnuto.Druhá část je teoretické zázemí, které popisuje jednotlivé metody. V další části je samotná aplikace metod při plánování projektu. Předposlední část se věnuje průběhu projektu a ukazuje, jak se projekt vyvíjel. Tato část je doplněna reporty z jednotlivých softwarových nástrojů. V poslední části jsou zhodnoceny jednotlivé metody a na základě toho přijaty závěry, jaké postupy je při plánování a řízení IS/ICT projektů dobré přijmout.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.
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Pretende dar algunos alcances sobre las mejores prácticas de la gerencia de proyectos, en donde se desarrollará a mayor detalle la etapa de planificación de proyectos, en este documento se muestar los datos del proyecto de establecimiento de la definición de la estrategia de negocio y posicionamiento del Hotel Lunahuaná Park, ubicado en la ciudad de Lunahuaná.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

This diploma thesis deals with the project proposal to install continuous monitoring on company’s travel and expense, which will be performed by internal audit department. It contains an analysis of the current state of the company, based on which the project is designed using project management methods.

This master thesis deals with a proposal of a business plan for an expansion of the business of an entrepreneur, who is doing business in a field of domestic freight transport. The thesis is divided into three parts, in the first part are theoretical bases necessary for a processing of the given issue, second part deals with analyzes of internal and external environment of the company and in the last third part is created the business plan itself.

En la presente investigación, se plantea como objetivo comparar a nivel de presupuestos y plazos de ejecución la planificación y programación de un proyecto de edificación de residencia estudiantil mediante el método de Programación Rítmica propio de la filosofía Lean Construction versus el sistema convencional PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique – Técnica de evaluación y revisión de programas) que se utiliza tradicionalmente. Se analiza la planificación de la especialidad de estructuras, en específico, las partidas de acero, encofrado y vaciado de concreto de elementos verticales y horizontales. A partir de los resultados del análisis, se podrá elegir la metodología que brinde resultados más favorables para la ejecución de este proyecto en específico. Como principales hallazgos del presente trabajo de investigación, se tiene que, para el tipo de edificación, residencia universitaria, el método más adecuado es el de Programación Rítmica pues en este tipo de proyectos es posible sectorizar y obtener metrados similares entre sí, con el objetivo de que el flujo de trabajo sea continuo entre los sectores. De este modo, el ahorro obtenido empleando el método de Programación Rítmica a nivel de presupuesto es de 10% respecto al método PERT que se utiliza tradicionalmente. Y a nivel de plazo el tiempo empleado por la Programación Rítmica es 47% menor al de PERT.

Individuals that perceive stigma surrounding their identity and fear rejection of support requests may experience a paradox whereby they seek support indirectly from support networks (friends and family) to avoid rejection and are met with unsupportive responses. This study extended this paradox to sexual minorities using survey data from a sample of 133 individuals self-identified as gay and lesbian. Results of structural equation modeling showed self-stigma and fear of support rejection linked to increased indirect support seeking, which in turn explained unsupportive network responses, providing support for a paradox among gays and lesbians. Findings may have implications for interventions to improve support exchanges in the lives of sexual minorities.