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1
Maki, Kristen M. "The Effects of Stress Induction on Pre-attentive and Attentional Bias for Threat in Social Anxiety." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MakiKM2003.pdf.
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2
Kenwright, Mark Stuart. "Computer-aided self-treatment for phobias." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429942.
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3
Thorpe, Susan Jane. "Cognitive processes in specific phobias and their treatment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6697f28-16f3-4771-af14-4aa47aaaf4d3.
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4
Woodward, Rana M. "Treatment of specific phobia in older adults : efficacy and barriers to treatment /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19051.pdf.
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5
Reuterskiöld, Lena. "Fears, anxieties and cognitive-behavioral treatment of specific phobias in youth." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8376.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present dissertation consists of three empirical studies on children and adolescents presenting with various specific phobias in Stockholm, Sweden and in Virginia, USA. The overall aim was to contribute to our understanding of childhood fears, anxiety and phobias and to evaluate the efficacy and portability of a one-session treatment of specific phobias in youth. Study I tested the dimensionality of the Parental Bonding Instrument, across three generations and for two countries, and examined if parenting behaviors of indifference and overprotection were associated with more anxiety problems in children. The results showed that the four-factor representation of parental behavior provided an adequate fit for the instrument across informants. Perceived overprotection was associated with significantly more anxiety symptoms and comorbid diagnosis in children. Study II explored parent-child agreement on a diagnostic screening instrument for youths. The results indicated that children scoring high on motivation at treatment entry had generally stronger parent-child agreement on co-occurring diagnoses and severity ratings. Parents reported overall more diagnoses for their children, and parents who themselves qualified for a diagnosis seemed more tuned in to their children’s problematic behavior. Study III compared a one-session treatment with an education-supportive treatment condition, and a wait-list control condition for children presenting with various types of specific phobias. The results showed that both treatment conditions were superior to the wait-list control condition and that one-session exposure treatment was superior to education-supportive treatment on several measures. Treatment effects were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Overall, the above findings suggest that the one-session treatment is portable and effective in treating a variety of specific phobias in children and adolescents.
6
Reuterskiöld, Lena. "Fears, anxieties and cognitive-behavioral treatment of specific phobias in youth /." Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8376.
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7
Hoffmann, Willem Abraham. "The determination of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone during the treatment of women experiencing dog phobia." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11162006-093620/.
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8
Hoffmann, Willem Abraham. "The determination of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone during the treatment of women experiencing dog phobia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29490.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It is difficult to overestimate the social and psychological significance of human-animal interactions. Till now, studies on human-companion animal interactions primarily focussed on positive aspects and relationships, while studies on animal phobias have almost exclusively focussed on spider and snake phobia. The problem with negative human-animal relationships in general, and animal phobia in particular, is in essence a superficial understanding of the determination of physiological changes and parameters associated with its description and treatment. The main aim of this study was to provide theoretical and physiological information regarding the determination of a biochemical parameter which can be used to enhance effective diagnosis and treatment of individuals suffering from dog phobia. A trimodal approach was followed to describe anxiety and fear responses associated with dog phobia. Subjects were assigned to two groups: an experimental group consisting of females suffering from dog phobia, and a control group. The study consisted of three experimental stages: the first stage (resting stage) measured baseline values, the second stage (preintervention stage) measured values in the presence of a dog stimulus prior to the intervention program, and the third stage (postintervention stage) measured values in the presence of a dog stimulus after completion of the intervention program. Cognitive-affective aspects were initially measured by means of the Fear Survey Schedule, as well as by means of an anxiety scale and stressor schedule during the experimental stages. Motor-behavioural aspects were measured as the termination distance of the dog approach during the pre- and postintervention stages, as well as assessed by a psychologist through direct observation of non-verbal communication cues during the behavioural approach tests. The measurement of physiological aspects focussed on the determination of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels during the experimental stages. The main results were as follow: • the experimental group scored significantly higher average scores on the animal, dog, blood/injection and total fear categories of the Fear Survey Schedule than the control group; • the intervention program was effective in treating motor-behavioural and cognitive¬affective aspects of the phobia response; • the effect of the intervention program on the plasma ACTH-Ievels was inconclusive. No significant differences were found between the experimental group's average plasma ACTH-Ievels during the experimental stages, as well as between the experimental and control groups during the resting and preintervention stages. The average plasma ACTH-Ievels of the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group during the postintervention stage; • total stressor schedule values suggest that subjects in the experimental group have a predisposition to be generally more anxious and fearful than subjects in the control group; • two-thirds of the dog phobia subjects reported classical conditioning as the etiological pathway; • various auditory and visual cues were found to be the focal point of perception in women suffering from dog phobia; and • group qualitatively evaluated their current fear level for dogs as substantially lower than at the onset of the project. In conclusion, the determination of plasma ACTH-Ievels as a single parameter is not adequate to support the complex interaction between overt motor-behavioural, cognitive-affective and physiological patterns during the treatment of women experiencing dog phobia.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Ethology))--University of Pretoria, 1999.<br>Production Animal Studies<br>unrestricted
9
Pouliadou, Kallirroi. "VR versus Phobias : An exploration of Virtual Reality in exposure therapy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136454.
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Interest in Virtual Reality (VR) is growing fast. Tech companies are now starting to identify its most relevant application that will make it desireable. The use of VR in healthcare and mental health, has been proven through clinical research. Moreover, patient support programs extend treatment to people’s homes. An underlying opportunity was to envision a service for remote treatment of phobias with exposure therapy through VR. During the process, I conducted desk research, interviews, a workshop, prototyping and user testing. I collected evidence to lay out the service experience and communicate the key role of the therapist in the overall journey. My goal was to maximize the leaning outcome of exposure therapy and avoid the return of fear. Focusing on VR for the mobile phone, as the most accessible hardware for the broad audience, I created examples of exposure experience, that demonstrate the therapist’s presence and the user’s interactions with the environment.
10
Trigo, Algar Antonio Rafael. "Serious Games For Overcoming Phobias : The Benefits of Game Elements." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9513.
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This thesis analyses the benefits of applying game elements to a Virtual Reality application for overcoming phobias, with a special focus on acrophobia, i.e. the fear of heights. Two different prototypes using the Oculus Rift head-mounted display were developed with a gradually exposure to heights. Both prototypes shared the same acrophobic scenario, but one included extra features from games such as engagement, motivation or goals. Twenty-four participants, divided into two groups of twelve, with moderate aversion to heights tested the prototypes. The participants’ heart rate and the time that they looked down from high altitudes were also measured and evaluated. The study showed slightly higher results regarding motivation for the prototype which included the additional game elements. Future studies should include a different head-mounted display, which would allow a longer time of play without motion sickness, and the participation of people diagnosed with acrophobia.
11
Mörtberg, Ewa. "Treatment of social phobia : development of a method and comparison of treatments /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-726-X/.
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12
Hoffmann, WA, and LH Human. "Experiences, characteristics and treatment of women suffering from dog phobia." Taylor & Francis, 2015. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001993.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract
Dog phobia is a complex psychological phenomenon classified under the
anxiety disorders. Twelve female students suffering from dog phobia participated
in this qualitative study which included an initial screening, therapeutic
intervention and eight-month follow-up. Initial screening was
conducted by means of a Fear Survey Schedule and observational assessment
of non-verbal behavior during a behavioral approach test (dog stimulus).
Therapeutic intervention involved a combination of systematic
desensitization and instructional learning. Qualitative data analysis followed
a phenomenological approach. The results indicate that the onset
age of dog phobia varied from early childhood to late adolescence. Twothirds
of the participants reported a direct traumatic event as the onset
context of their dog phobia, while 17% reported vicarious learning contexts
and 17% an inability to recall the onset context. The most widely used
sensory focal mode of perception during contact with dogs was visual
cues, followed by auditory cues. Half of the participants reported “eye”
aspects as the fear-evoking stimulus. A wide variety of anxieties and fears
were found to co-occur with dog phobia, although some participants were still able to
accommodate dogs and other companion animals in their lives. The poststudy
follow-up indicated that the intervention yielded significant real life
improvement in 75% of the cases. The implications of this study for therapeutic
situations are discussed.
13
Dalrymple, Kristy L. Herbert James D. "Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder : a pilot study /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/610.
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Nortje, Charl. "Kognitiewe terapie en blootstelling in die behandeling van sosiale fobie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51810.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of a combined exposure and
cognitive restructuring programme versus exposure only in the treatment of social phobia.
The 44 participants in the study met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for social phobia at pre-treatment
assessment, and presented mainly with general interactional social fears. They were allocated to a group
which received a combined exposure and cognitive restructuring treatment (n = 15), a group treated with
exposure only (n = 15), and a waiting-list control group (n = 14). For treatment purposes, both treatment
groups were subdivided into two smaller groups of 7 and 8 participants each.
The effects and differential effects of the treatments were compared in terms of four broad categories of
variables: target phobia variables (anxiety/avoidance/escape in relation to a specific target phobia), social
phobia variables (associated with the degree, nature, aspects and/or consequences of social phobia),
cognitive variables (thought functionality, fear-of-negative-evaluation, and attentional bias), and severity
of depression.
Participants were individually assessed before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at follow-up
after three months. Treatment were conducted by two co-therapists in 12 weekly group sessions of two
hours each.
Compared to a waiting-list control condition, both treated groups showed a significant improvement of the
target phobia variables at post-treatment and, with the exception of target phobia anxiety for the exposure
only condition, the significant effects were maintained at follow-up after three months.
As for the social phobia variables, cognitive restructuring and exposure combined showed a significantly
larger improvement compared to the waiting-list control condition on four of the variables (social phobia
avoidance, social phobia observation anxiety, social phobia general symptomatology, and social phobia
disturbance/disablement), and these significant effects were maintained at follow-up. The exposure only
group showed significantly larger effects on only two variables (social phobia avoidance and social phobia
disturbance/disablement) and only the effects on social phobia avoidance were maintained for the followup
period of three months.
With regard to the cognitive variables, the combined treatment led to significanly larger improvements in
thought functionality compared to the waiting-list control condition and these effects were maintained at
follow-up. No other significant differences between the effects of any of the treatments and the waiting-list
control condition were demonstrated at post-treatment or at follow-up on any of the cognitive variables.
Only the combined treatment resulted in significantly larger reductions in the severity of depression, The
effects were maintained for the follow-up period of three months. Compared to the waiting-list control condition, the combined treatment resulted in improvement over a
broader spectrum of social phobia symptomatology than exposure only at post-treatment and follow-up.
The two treatments were also directly compared in terms of their effects on each of the dependent
variables and the differences were largely insignificant at both post-treatment and follow-up. Only in terms
of thought functionality tentative indications of a possible larger effect for the combined treatment were
found. However, if this was the case, the differences were cancelled out at follow-up.
It seems that both the combined treatment and exposure only were effective treatments for social phobia
and that the combined treatment might have demonstrated slightly better results. These findings support
the emerging view that the most important cognitive-behavioral treatments of social phobia do not differ
greatly in terms of efficacy. It also offer support for the view of prominent researchers on social phobia
outcome, namely that treatment effects are less dependent on procedural variations than on other critical
elements, such as the length and frequency of treatment sessions, and exposure to the critical elements
of patients' social fears.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effektiwiteit van 'n gekombineerde blootstelling en kognitiewe
herstruktureringsprogram teenoor blootstelling alleen in die behandeling van sosiale fobie te ondersoek
en te vergelyk.
Die 44 deelnemers aan die studie het voor behandeling aan die DSM-IV diagnostiese kriteria vir sosiale
fobie voldoen en met oorwegend algemene interaksionele vrese gepresenteer. Hulle is verdeel in 'n
groep wat met kognitiewe herstrukturering en blootstelling gekombineerd behandel is (n = 15), 'n groep
wat slegs blootstelling ontvang het (n = 15), en 'n waglys-kontrolegroep (n = 14). Vir
behandelingsdoeleindes is die behandelingsgroepe in twee subgroepe van onderskeidelik 7 en 8
deelnemers elk verdeel.
Die effekte en differensiële effekte van die behandelings is in terme van die volgende vier breë kategorieë
veranderlikes ondersoek: teikenfobie-veranderlikes (angslvermyding/ontsnapping ten opsigte van 'n
spesifieke fobie), sosialefobie-veranderlikes (wat verband hou met die graad, aard, aspekte en/of gevolge
van sosiale fobie), kognitiewe veranderlikes (gedagte-funksionaliteit, vrees-vir-negatiewe-evaluasie en
aandagsverdraaiing), en graad van depressie.
Deelnemers is individueel beoordeel voor behandeling, onmiddellik na afloop daarvan en na 'n 3-
maande-opvolgperiode. Behandeling deur twee ko-terapeute het in 12 weeklikse groepsessies van twee
uur elk geskied.
In vergelyking met die waglys-kontrolekondisie, het beide behandelings tot 'n beduidende verbetering van
die teikenfobie-veranderlikes by nameting gelei en, met uitsondering van teikenfobie-angs by die
blootstellingsbehandeling, is die beduidende effekte vir 'n opvolgperiode van drie maande volgehou.
Wat die sosialefobie-veranderlikes betref, het kognitiewe herstrukturering plus blootstelling 'n beduidend
groter verbetering in vergelyking met die waglys-kontrolekondisie op vier veranderlikes (sosialefobievermyding,
sosialefobie-observasie-angs, sosialefobie-algemenesimptomato/ogie, en sosialefobieongemak/
belemmering) tot gevolg gehad en is die beduidende effekte vir 'n opvolgperiode van drie
maande volgehou. Daarenteen het die blootstellingsgroep slegs ten opsigte van twee veranderlikes
(sosialefobie-vermyding en sosialefobie-ongemak/belemmering) tot beduidend groter effekte aanleiding
gegee, waarvan die effekte net op een van die twee veranderlikes (sosialefobie-vermyding) vir 'n
opvolgperiode van drie maande in stand gehou is.
Ten opsigte van die kognitiewe veranderlikes, het kognitiewe herstrukturering plus blootstelling, in
vergelyking met die waglys-kontrolekondisie, tot 'n beduidende verbetering van gedagte-funksionaliteit
gelei wat vir 'n opvolgperiode van drie maande in stand gehou is. Geen ander beduidende verskille
tussen die effekte van behandelings en die waglys-kontrolekondisie is vir enige van die ander kognitiewe
veranderlikes by nameting of opvolg gedemonstreer nie. Slegs die gekombineerde behandeling het tot beduidend groter verlagings van die graad van depressie
gelei wat vir 'n opvolgperiode van drie maande gehandhaaf is.
In vergelyking met die waglys-kontrolekondisie, het die gekombineerde behandeling dus tot 'n
beduidende verbetering oor 'n breër basis van sosialefobie-simptomatologie as blootstelling alleen by
nameting en opvolg aanleiding gegee.
Die twee behandelings is ook direk met mekaar in terme van effekte op elkeen van die afhanklike
veranderlikes vergelyk en die verskille was by nameting en opvolg grootliks onbeduidend. Dit is slegs ten
opsigte van gedagte-funksionaliteit dat daar tentatiewe aanduidings was dat die gekombineerde
behandeling moontlik 'n beduidend groter verbeterende effek as blootstelling alleen kon gehad het, maar
indien dit so was, was hierdie verskille by die opvolgmeting reeds uitgewis.
Dit wil dus voorkom asof beide die gekombineerde behandeling en blootstelling alleen effektiewe
behandelings vir sosiale fobie was en dat eersgenoemde dalk effens beter resultate kon gelewer het.
Hierdie resultate ondersteun die standpunt wat tans besig is om op grond van navorsing te ontwikkel,
naamlik dat daar nie betekenisvolle groot verskille in die effektiwiteit van die belangrikste kognitiefgedragsterapeutiese
behandelings van sosiale fobie is nie. Dit bied ook steun vir die standpunt van
prominente navorsers op die gebied van sosiale fobie uitkomsnavorsing dat behandelingseffek minder
afhang van verskille in prosedure-variasies as van ander kritieke elemente, soos byvoorbeeld die lengte
en frekwensie van die behandelingsessies en blootstelling aan die kritieke elemente van die sosiale
vrese.
15
Wolf, Martina. "A computer-based self-treatment for social phobia development, evaluation and a controlled treatment study /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967607957.
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Lilliecreutz, Caroline. "Blood-and Injection Phobia in Pregnancy : Epidemiological, Biological and Treatment aspects." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59745.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: Blood- and injection phobia is an anxiety disorder with a prevalence of approximately 3-5% in the general population. The etiology is often a combination of genetic factors and a conditioning experience. The symptoms of blood- and injection phobia are dizziness, confusion, nausea, epigastria discomfort, anxiety and sometimes panic attacks when receiving injections, seeing blood or having a blood sample taken. Unique for this specific phobia is the high probability of fainting when the phobic situation is encountered if there is no possibility to escape or to avoid the stimuli. During pregnancy and labor, women with blood- and injection phobia are exposed to most of their fears and they therefore find themselves in anxiety-ridden situations. Stress and anxiety during pregnancy is known to be risk factors for adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Studies have shown an altered hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis in women with stress or/and anxiety during pregnancy and increased cortisol concentrations can imply negative consequences for the unborn child. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is known to be effective in treating specific phobias such as blood- and injection phobia. Aim: The prevalence, obstetric and neonatal consequences, impact on the hypothalamic adrenal-pituitary axis and treatment aspects of blood- and injection phobia in a pregnant population have not been investigated before. The aims of this thesis were to study each of these phenomena. Material and methods: During 2005 a total of 1606 pregnant women were approached at their first visit in an antenatal care clinic in the southeast region in Sweden. They were asked to complete the “Injection Phobia Scale-Anxiety” questionnaire. All women who scored ≥ 20 on the “Injection Phobia Scale-Anxiety” questionnaire (N=347), were interviewed and either diagnosed for blood- and injection phobia or dismissed. In total, 110 women were diagnosed as having blood- and injection phobia. Among the women who scored <20 on the “Injection Phobia Scale-Anxiety” questionnaire, 220 women were randomly stratified for age and parity as a control group. The women in the study population answered questionnaires in gestational week 25, 36 and postpartum concerning symptoms of blood- and injection phobia, depression and anxiety. Samples of cortisol in the saliva were collected in the morning and evening in gestational week 25 and 36 in both groups of pregnant women. The medical records from the antenatal care visits, the delivery and postpartum check-up was used to collect data of importance. A treatment study was conducted using a two session cognitive behavioral therapy in a group of pregnant woman with blood- and injection phobia. Results: The prevalence of blood- and injection phobia is 7 % in a pregnant population. Pregnant women with blood- and injection phobia stated more often a fear of childbirth (p<0.001) and were more frequently delivered by elective cesarean section (p=0.032). The incidence of having a baby diagnosed with a complication (p=0.001) was also higher among these women. The women with blood- and injection phobia had increased cortisol concentrations in the saliva compared to the healthy controls (p=0.014). A two-session CBT in group for pregnant women with blood- and injection phobia reduced phobic (p<0.001) anxiety (p<0.001) and depressive (p<0.001) symptoms during pregnancy. Conclusions: Blood- and injection phobia during pregnancy is rather common. Pregnant women with blood- and injection phobia are more likely to be delivered by elective cesarean section and having a baby born with a complication compared to women not suffering from this specific phobia. Untreated blood- and injection phobia during pregnancy increases salivary cortisol concentrations indicating an altered hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis during these weeks of pregnancy. To enhance psychological well being in pregnant women with blood- and injection phobia a two-session program providing CBT for groups of pregnant women is valuable and produces stable results for at least 3 months after delivery.
17
Brunello, Nicoletta, Boer Johan A. den, Lewis L. Judd, et al. "Social phobia: diagnosis and epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacology, comorbidity and treatment." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-112851.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Social phobia is a common disorder associated with significant psychosocial impairment, representing a substantial public health problem largely determined by the high prevalence, and the lifelong chronicity. Social phobia starts in early childhood or adolescence and is often comorbid with depression, other anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance abuse or eating disorders. This cascade of comorbidity, usually secondary to social phobia, increases the disability associated with the condition. The possibility that social phobia may be a trigger for later developing comorbid disorders directs attention to the need for early effective treatment as a preventive measure.
The most recent drug class to be investigated for the psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia is the SSRI group for which there is growing support. The other drug classes that have been evaluated are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers. The SSRIs represent a new and attractive therapeutic choice for patients with generalized social phobia. Recently the first, large scale, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of drug treatment in generalized social phobia has been completed with paroxetine. Paroxetine was more effective in reducing the symptoms than placebo and was well tolerated. Many now regard SSRIs as the drugs of choice in social phobia because of their effectiveness and because they avoid the problems of treatment with benzodiazepines or classical MAOIs.
18
Grillon, Helena. "Simulating interactions with virtual characters for the treatment of social phobia /." Lausanne : EPFL, 2009. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4466.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thèse Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, no 4466 (2009), Faculté informatique et communications IC, Programme doctoral Informatique, Communications et Information, Institut des systèmes informatiques et multimédias ISIM (Laboratoire de réalité virtuelle VRLAB). Dir.: Daniel Thalmann.
19
Brunello, Nicoletta, Boer Johan A. den, Lewis L. Judd, et al. "Social phobia: diagnosis and epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacology, comorbidity and treatment." Technische Universität Dresden, 2000. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26872.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Social phobia is a common disorder associated with significant psychosocial impairment, representing a substantial public health problem largely determined by the high prevalence, and the lifelong chronicity. Social phobia starts in early childhood or adolescence and is often comorbid with depression, other anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance abuse or eating disorders. This cascade of comorbidity, usually secondary to social phobia, increases the disability associated with the condition. The possibility that social phobia may be a trigger for later developing comorbid disorders directs attention to the need for early effective treatment as a preventive measure.
The most recent drug class to be investigated for the psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia is the SSRI group for which there is growing support. The other drug classes that have been evaluated are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers. The SSRIs represent a new and attractive therapeutic choice for patients with generalized social phobia. Recently the first, large scale, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of drug treatment in generalized social phobia has been completed with paroxetine. Paroxetine was more effective in reducing the symptoms than placebo and was well tolerated. Many now regard SSRIs as the drugs of choice in social phobia because of their effectiveness and because they avoid the problems of treatment with benzodiazepines or classical MAOIs.
20
McDougall, Dana L. "The group treatment of social phobia with cognitive-behavioural therapy and imagery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/NQ47904.pdf.
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21
Price, K. "Intrusive imagery in a specific phobia of vomiting : towards an effective treatment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/820181/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This volume contains three parts. Part 1 is a literature review. This systematically reviews evidence for maintenance factors of specific phobias in adults. The maintenance factors are derived from cognitive-behavioural models. The review includes studies which demonstrate that the maintenance factor has a causal influence on phobic symptoms. Part 2 is an empirical paper. This paper describes an exploratory study of intrusive mental imagery in adults with a specific phobia of vomiting. Information about the presence and nature of imagery was derived using quantitative semi-structured interviews. Imagery data was compared against severity of phobia data. The study also includes a single case experiment which investigates the effectiveness of imagery rescripting for phobia of vomiting. Part 3 is a critical appraisal. This paper provides reflections on the research process and an expanded discussion of the findings.
22
Kannan, Swetha. "The adaptation of the Clark (1997) treatment for social phobia into a group therapy format, and a preliminary evaluation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004547.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Clark and Wells (1995) constructed a comprehensive cognitive model of social phobic behaviour, in terms of which social phobic behaviour is activated and maintained by a system consisting of negative thoughts and beliefs, anxiety s)mptoms, avoidance and safety behaviours, and processing of self as a social object. The interaction of these elements creates a series of vicious circles which escalate and which keep the phobic individual in a state of chronic -disability, either because they chronically avoid significant social situations or because they find themselves incapacitated by anxiety when they enter them. The Clark and Wells (1995) treatment programme is designed to alleviate the social phobia by targeting the components that form the vicious maintenance cycle and replacing these by new patterns of cognition and behaviour. This treatment programme was designed for individual treatment, and the present study adapted it to a group format. Seven social phobic university students participated in the adapted group treatment format over the course of 13, 2-hour group sessions. Regular assessment of participants' response to the programme was carried out weekly and at two follow-up assessments, with the use of a series of questionnaires. In addition, sessions were audio taped and videotaped, facilitators took notes during sessions and keep records made by participants of their homework exercises. Individual case studies were written for all participants (including two non-completers) in which case narratives were juxtaposed against their responses to each of the self-report questionnaires. These we used as a basis for evaluating the validity of the Clark and Wells theoretical model and in examining the effectiveness of the treatment programme in bringing to awareness and interrupting the cycles that maintained the phobic behaviour. It is concluded that the group programme showed evidence of being very effective and, a group treatment manual was constructed so that it can be employed clinically and in future research.
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Furmark, Tomas. "Social Phobia. From Epidemiology to Brain Function." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-546.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Social phobia is a disabling anxiety disorder characterized by an excessive fear of negative evaluation in social situations. The present thesis explored the epidemiology and neurobiology of the disorder. By means of a mailed questionnaire, the point prevalence of social phobia in the Swedish general population was estimated at 15.6%. However, prevalence rates varied between 1.9 and 20.4% across the different levels of distress and impairment used to define cases. Thus, although social anxiety is widespread within the community, the precise diagnostic boundaries for social phobia are difficult to determine. Social phobia was associated with female gender, low educational attainment, psychoactive medication use, and lack of social support. A cluster analysis revealed that subtypes of social phobia mainly differed dimensionally on a mild-moderate-severe continuum, with number of cases declining with increasing severity. Public speaking was the most common social fear in all groups of social phobics and in the population at large.</p><p>In the neurobiological studies, positron emission tomography was used to examine brain serotonin metabolism and changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) response to public speaking stress following treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or cognitive-behavioral group therapy. Social phobics exhibited lowered serotonin turnover, relative to non-phobics, mainly in the medial temporal cortex including the bilateral rhinal and periamygdaloid regions. Symptom improvement with cognitive-behavioral- as well as SSRI-treatment was accompanied by a reduced rCBF-response to public speaking in the amygdala, hippocampus and adjacent temporal cortex, i.e. regions that serve important functions in anxiety. Thorough suppression of rCBF in limbic brain regions was associated with favorable long-term treatment outcome. These results provide neuroimaging evidence for a presynaptic serotonergic dysfunction in social phobia and for a common neural mechanism whereby psychological and pharmacological anti-anxiety treatments act.</p>
24
Engelbrecht, Leon Anton. "School refusal : clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25829.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Clinical characteristics, methods of treatment and outcome in School Refusal have been investigated. School refusal/phobia has been reported in the literature not to be a true clinical entity with a uniform aetiology, psychopathology, course, prognosis and treatment, but rather a collection of symptoms or a syndrome occurring against the background of a variety of psychiatric disorders. Aetiological and precipitating factors also vary with age, psychosocial level of development and personality factors in the individual child, family structure and function, and the school setting. Data were collected retrospectively from 20 cases treated at the Child and Family Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town during a specific time period. Analysis of the data revealed a gender distribution of 11 boys and 9 girls; 1 girl, 5 - 8 years old and 11 boys and 8 girls 9 - 13 years old. One Asian, no Black, 13 Coloured and 6 White children were represented. A large section of the sample population represented the lower socio-economic group as determined by parental qualification and occupation. Most of the families tended to consist of more than 2 children (5 member families). Family dysfunction was recorded in all but one case, with evidence of a recognizable psychiatric disorder also recorded quite frequently in the nuclear family members. Educational difficulties were recorded in a third of the sample together with below average total IQ scores in virtually all the subjects evaluated. The bulk of referrals were from medical practitioners and relatively few from schools. Refusal to attend school was of relatively short duration in three-quarters of the sample. Most of the cases were first time school refusers. Accompanying symptoms or problems were mainly anxiety or depression - related whereas significant associated events were mainly family - oriented. Psychiatric disorders diagnosed most often were anxiety and affective disorders with overlap of the 2 conditions recorded in half the sample. Response to treatment was positive in two thirds of the sample and a combination of treatment methods proved to be the most successful treatment plan. School refusal as investigated in this study, was well represented in a population of children treated at a Child Psychiatric Out-Patient Unit. A high rate of resemblance on various aspects of school refusal was recorded between the study sample and reports in the literature reviewed.
25
Edwards, Shannan M. "The Relation between Homework Compliance and Treatment Outcome for Individuals with Social Phobia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/81.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Homework compliance has been identified as a robust predictor of treatment outcome for depression and, to a lesser extent, anxiety disorders, including social phobia. The current study tested the following hypotheses: (1) homework compliance is positively related to ratings of global improvement, (2) homework compliance is negatively related to symptom reduction, (3) the relation between homework compliance and treatment outcome varies according to the nature of the homework exercise, and (4) expectancy is positively related to early homework compliance, in a clinical sample of individuals with social phobia. Results provided limited support for the relation between compliance and ratings of improvement, but did not support a negative relation between compliance and symptom reduction. Further, the results provided limited support for the hypothesis that compliance with exposure versus non-exposure homework would differ significantly in terms of their relation to treatment outcome, but did not support the relation between compliance and expectancy.
26
Price, Matthew. "The Relation of Presence and Virtual Reality Exposure for Treatment of Flying Phobia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/26.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A growing body of literature suggests that Virtual Reality is a successful tool for exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Virtual Reality (VR) researchers posit the construct of presence, interpreting an artificial stimulus as if it were real, as the mechanism that enables anxiety to be felt during virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE). However, empirical studies on the relation between presence and anxiety in VRE have yielded mixed findings. The current study tested the following hypotheses 1) Presence is related to in session anxiety and treatment outcome; 2) Presence mediates the extent that pre-existing (pre-treatment) anxiety is experienced during exposure with VR; 3) Presence is positively related to the amount of phobic elements included within the virtual environment. Results supported presence as the mechanism by which anxiety is experienced in the virtual environment as well as a relation between presence and the phobic elements, but did not support a relation between presence and treatment outcome
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Lincoln, Tania Marie. "Cognitive behavioural treatment of social phobia bridging the gap between research and practice /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2003/0144/.
Texte intégral
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Halldorsdottir, Thorhildur. "Comorbid ADHD: Implications for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy of Youth with a Specific Phobia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56618.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objective: Although findings have been mixed, accumulating evidence suggests that co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses and symptoms negatively predict cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes for anxious youth. The current study extends past research by examining the association of not only ADHD but also other features of ADHD with treatment outcomes of youth who received an intensive CBT for a specific phobia. Method: 135 youth (ages 6-15; 52.2% female; 88.2% white) were randomized to either an individual or parent-augmented intensive CBT targeting a specific phobia. Latent growth curve models were used to explore the association of ADHD symptoms, effortful control, sluggish cognitive tempo, maternal depression and the two treatment conditions (i.e., individual versus parent-augmented) with pre-treatment severity of the specific phobia and the trajectory of change in the severity of the specific phobia from pre-treatment to the 6-month follow up after the intervention. Results: As expected, higher levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with lower levels of effortful control and increased maternal depression at pre-treatment. Contrary to expectations, ADHD symptoms and its associated difficulties were not significantly associated with treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Overall, the findings lend support to the generalizability of intensive CBT for a specific phobia to youth with comorbid ADHD and associated difficulties. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.<br>Ph. D.
29
Pohjavaara, P. (Päivi). "Social phobia: aetiology, course and treatment with endoscopic sympathetic block (ESB):a qualitative study of the development of social phobia and its meaning in people's lives and a quantitative study of ESB as its treatment." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514274571.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the development and course of social phobia by analysing qualitatively all the textual material obtained about the persons with treatment-resistant social phobia who, during the years 1995-2000, underwent a surgical procedure called endoscopic sympathetic block (ESB) to alleviate their phobic symptoms. In the other part of this study, the effect of this surgical procedure on social phobia was assessed quantitatively. The qualitative part of the study was based on the phenomenologic-existential philosophy and the principles of grounded theory.
The qualitative analysis revealed four kinds of parenthood in the families of socially phobic persons: a violent, alcoholic type, a dominant type with high demands, a negligent type and a good enough type. A "vicious circle of social phobia" was formulated as a substantial category.
The quantitative part of the study was an open, prospective follow-up study, where 169 patients operated on for social phobia during the years 1995–2000 were followed up for 5 years, and the changes in their symptoms were estimated using a modified version of Davidson's brief social phobia scale and the Liebowitz quality of life scale. The quantitative and qualitative parts of the study were linked together by investigating each person's family background with a semi-structured interview. According to variation analysis of the results, all symptoms of social phobia seemed to be alleviated highly significantly by ESB, and the results remained similar throughout the follow-up. Reflex sweating of the trunk was the only significant side effect. Overall satisfaction with the operation was estimated to be 3.5 on a five-point scale, representing the description "some help of the operation". Thus, ESB can be regarded as an additional treatment method for social phobia if traditional treatment with medication and psychotherapy has not provided any help for the patient.
30
Rudge, Marion. "An Exploratory Analysis of Change During Group CBT for Social Phobia in Clinical Practice: A Treatment-Effectiveness Study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1417.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The effectiveness of a Group CBT programme for Social Phobia was assessed using 18 participants recruited from a routine practice setting. Therapy was based on CBT techniques as practiced routinely by the clinical practice, and were not modified for the study by factors such as strict exclusion criteria and adherence to rigid manualised treatments. Pre- to post-treatment effect sizes compared favourably with those reported in a meta-analysis (Taylor, 1996). The findings provide support for the accessibility and effectiveness of group CBT techniques for Social Phobia in field settings. While some individuals within the sample experienced dramatic improvement, some remained severely impaired even at post-treatment. The results of Hierarchical Multiple Regressions indicated that lower levels of pre-treatment depression severity, higher levels of attendance, and greater homework compliance, were predictive of more improvement on some, but not all, measures of outcome. Implications for treatment are discussed.
31
Hassan, Ahmed Almustafa Mohammed. "A comparison of computer-based symbolic modelling and conventional methods in the treatment of spider-phobia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270860.
Texte intégral
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103753.
Texte intégralRésumé :
These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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Korkeamäki, Beatrice. "KBT som behandlingsmetod mot social fobi och depression utifrån behandlarnas perspektiv." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-1445.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) avser att hjälpa personer med problembeteenden så att fokus ligger på nuet och framtiden, vilka mål som bör sättas upp så att en positiv förändring kan ske. KBT syftar till att människor ska kunna leva i samhället utan begränsning och med bättre livskvalitet. Denna kvalitativa studie visar hur KBT kan användas för social fobi och depressionsproblematik. Fem deltagare intervjuades, två psykiatrisjuksköterskor och tre psykologer. Alla arbetar utifrån KBT och studien visar deras upplevelser av metoden samt hur behandlingarna kan se ut. De evidensbaserade metoderna inom KBT, beteendeaktivering för deprimerade patienter och exponering för patienter med social fobi, är en del av det som behandlarna arbetar med och som de uttrycker ger en positiv effekt hos patienter.</p>
34
Karlsson, Mikael. "The Problem of Claustrophobia with Proposed Soultions." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-8061.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Claustrophobia is huge problem which affects a lot of people in their everyday life, not to mention the financial and scientific difficulties with prematurely terminated MRI-sessions, due to claustrophobia. In this essay there will be a further introduction of phobias in general and also a deeper presentation of claustrophobia in order to reach a better understanding of the nature of this disorder and how it affect people’s daily life compared to the effect of a single claustrophobic reaction, when it is caused by the experience of a confined space. The objective of this essay is to investigate several treatment options, to find the most effective way of treating the condition in an attempt to diminish the personal and societal issues.
35
Bunnell, Brian. "A Randomized Trial of Attention Training for Generalized Social Phobia: Does Attention Training Change Social Behavior?" Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5610.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The use of attention training protocols for the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD) is undergoing increased examination. Initial investigations were positive but more recent investigations have been less supportive of the treatment paradigm. One significant limitation of current investigations may be over-reliance on self-report. In this investigation, we expanded on initial investigations by using a multimodal assessment of patient functioning (i.e., including behavioral assessment). Patients with a primary diagnosis of SAD (n = 31) were randomly assigned to eight sessions of attention training (n = 15) or placebo/control (n = 16). Participants were assessed at pre- and post-treatment via self- and clinician-report of social anxiety as well as anxious and behavioral response to two in vivo social interactions. Results revealed no differences between groups at post-treatment for all study outcome variables, suggesting a lack of effect for the attention training condition. The results are concordant with recent investigations finding a lack of support for the use of attention training as an efficacious treatment for patients with SAD.<br>M.S.<br>Masters<br>Psychology<br>Sciences<br>Psychology Clinical
36
Eliasson, Lisa M. "Can different affect focus in early stages of therapy predict outcome for different personality disorders within cluster C?" Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20395.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objective: The study compared how specific affect focuses in early stages of treatment predict outcome (SCL-90) for specific cluster C personality disorders. Method: The sample consisted of patients with cluster C personality disorders from a randomized controlled trial comparing 40-sessions of short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive psychotherapy. Thirty-one patients had an avoidant personality disorder (AVPD), 17 patients had an obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and 10 had a dependent personality disorder (DPD). The Global Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL-90 was used as the outcome measure and the Achievement of Therapeutic Objective Scale (ATOS) was used as a process measure to rate patients affects in an early session (session 1 and 6). Results: The results indicated that focus on closeness and anger predicted outcome for AVPD, focus on positive feelings for self predicted outcome for OCPD and focus on grief predicted outcome for DPD. Conclusion: Specific affect focuses in early stages of treatment is significant for various cluster C personality disorders to predict outcome.
37
Rocha, Juliana Ferreira da. "Efeitos de uma intervenção comportamental com treino de habilidades sociais para universitários com fobia social /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97465.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Resumo: Os universitários são expostos a uma diversidade de situações sociais que repetidas vezes são enfrentadas com dificuldade e tentativas de esquiva, o que constitui fator de risco para a fobia social. Fobia social tem sido considerada um grave problema de saúde mental em função das incapacidades no desempenho em situações socias. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um procedimento de intervenção comportamental que inclui treino de habilidades sociais para universitários com fobia social. Foi utilizado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla com quatro universitários, sendo dois homens e duas mulheres, na faixa etária entre 19 e 31 anos, com diagnóstico de fobia social, sem comerbidades, obtido a partir da Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV (SCID-I). Três universitários passaram pelo processo de intervenção e um respondeu apenas aos instrumentos, em diferentes momentos da pesquisa. As habilidades sociais e o diagnóstico do transtorno dos participantes foram avaliados antes da intervenção, após, e em seguimento, quatro meses depois, com a aplicação da SCID-I, do Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN), do Questionário de Avaliação de Comportamento e Contextos de Vida para Estudantes Universitários (Q-ACC-VU) e do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS), instrumentos que avaliaram as medidas de produto. As medidas de processo, avaliadas a cada sessão, foram obtidas com a aplicação de uma lista de Verificação de comportamentos (checklist), Questões de Avaliação do Desempenho e Tarefas de Casa. O delineamento adotado foi o de linha de base multipla com sujeito único. A intervenção foi realizada no Centro de Psicologia Aplicada de uma universidade pública, contou com 12 encontros semanais com duas horas de duração conduzidos pela própria pesquisadora. Os resultados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).<br>Abstract: The university students are exposed to a diversity of social situations that for frequent times ara confronted with difficulty and attempts of shunning, which constitute factor of risk to the social phobia. Social Phobia has been considered a serious mental health problem as a function of the disabilities in the development in social situations. The present research has as a goal to evaluate the effects of a behavioral intervention procedure which includes practice os social skills to university students with social phobia. An outline of multiple baseline was used with four university students, whose two men and two women, 19 and 31 year-old age group, diagnosed as social phobia, with no diseases, obtained from the Structured Clinical Interview to the DSM-IV (SCID-I). There univesitystudents went through the intervention process and one of them answered only to the instruments, in different moments of the research. The social skills and the diagnosis of the diasease of the participants were evaluated before the intervention, after, and in the sequence, four months later, with teh application of the SCID-I, of the Social Phobia Mini-Inventory (Mini-SPIN), of the Survey of Evaluation of Behaviors and Contexts of Life to University Students (Q-ACC-VU) and of the Inventory of Social Skills (IHS), instruments that evaluated the measurements of product. The measurements of process, evaluated in every section, were obtained with the application of a Behavior Checklist. Questions of Development and Homework Evaluation. The adopted outline was the one of a multiple base line with an only character. The intervention was held at Centro de Psicologia Aplicada in a public university, there were 12 weekly meetings for two hours each guided by the researcher herself. The results showed that the participants... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Orientador: Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-Silva<br>Coorientador: Ana Cláudia Moreira Almeida Verdu<br>Banca: Sonia Regina Loureiro<br>Banca: Sandra Regina Gimeniz-Paschoal<br>Mestre
38
Fuentes, Rebecca M. "Exposure-based cognitive behavioral treatment for phobic and anxiety disorders: treatment effects and maintenance for Hispanic American relative to Euro-American youths." FIU Digital Commons, 2002. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3423.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A total of 131 Hispanic American and Euro-American youths (ages 6 to 16 years) who participated in previous clinical trials for phobic and anxiety disorders were compared in terms of treatment gains and maintenance. In terms of treatment gains, the findings indicated that Hispanic American and Euro-American youths responded more similarly than differently to the exposure-based cognitive/behavioral treatments from pre- to post-treatment. This was found using traditional hypotheses testing, calculation of effect sizes, and statistical equivalence testing. In terms of treatment maintenance, the findings also demonstrated that Hispanic American and Euro- American youths responded more similarly than differently, albeit with some variations within specific assessment points. The findings are discussed in terms of the need to evaluate empirically supported treatments for use with ethnic minority populations, particularly Hispanic Americans.
39
Conneely, Julia R. "Self-help programme for dental phobia : assessment of the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioural treatment manual for reducing dental anxieties." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715115.
Texte intégral
40
Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology." SAGE Publications Ltd, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26469.
Texte intégralRésumé :
These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
41
Rocha, Juliana Ferreira da [UNESP]. "Efeitos de uma intervenção comportamental com treino de habilidades sociais para universitários com fobia social." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97465.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2012-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:35:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
rocha_jf_me_bauru.pdf: 728958 bytes, checksum: af19223b07943e39abb4b152819659de (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Os universitários são expostos a uma diversidade de situações sociais que repetidas vezes são enfrentadas com dificuldade e tentativas de esquiva, o que constitui fator de risco para a fobia social. Fobia social tem sido considerada um grave problema de saúde mental em função das incapacidades no desempenho em situações socias. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um procedimento de intervenção comportamental que inclui treino de habilidades sociais para universitários com fobia social. Foi utilizado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla com quatro universitários, sendo dois homens e duas mulheres, na faixa etária entre 19 e 31 anos, com diagnóstico de fobia social, sem comerbidades, obtido a partir da Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV (SCID-I). Três universitários passaram pelo processo de intervenção e um respondeu apenas aos instrumentos, em diferentes momentos da pesquisa. As habilidades sociais e o diagnóstico do transtorno dos participantes foram avaliados antes da intervenção, após, e em seguimento, quatro meses depois, com a aplicação da SCID-I, do Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN), do Questionário de Avaliação de Comportamento e Contextos de Vida para Estudantes Universitários (Q-ACC-VU) e do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS), instrumentos que avaliaram as medidas de produto. As medidas de processo, avaliadas a cada sessão, foram obtidas com a aplicação de uma lista de Verificação de comportamentos (checklist), Questões de Avaliação do Desempenho e Tarefas de Casa. O delineamento adotado foi o de linha de base multipla com sujeito único. A intervenção foi realizada no Centro de Psicologia Aplicada de uma universidade pública, contou com 12 encontros semanais com duas horas de duração conduzidos pela própria pesquisadora. Os resultados... .<br>The university students are exposed to a diversity of social situations that for frequent times ara confronted with difficulty and attempts of shunning, which constitute factor of risk to the social phobia. Social Phobia has been considered a serious mental health problem as a function of the disabilities in the development in social situations. The present research has as a goal to evaluate the effects of a behavioral intervention procedure which includes practice os social skills to university students with social phobia. An outline of multiple baseline was used with four university students, whose two men and two women, 19 and 31 year-old age group, diagnosed as social phobia, with no diseases, obtained from the Structured Clinical Interview to the DSM-IV (SCID-I). There univesitystudents went through the intervention process and one of them answered only to the instruments, in different moments of the research. The social skills and the diagnosis of the diasease of the participants were evaluated before the intervention, after, and in the sequence, four months later, with teh application of the SCID-I, of the Social Phobia Mini-Inventory (Mini-SPIN), of the Survey of Evaluation of Behaviors and Contexts of Life to University Students (Q-ACC-VU) and of the Inventory of Social Skills (IHS), instruments that evaluated the measurements of product. The measurements of process, evaluated in every section, were obtained with the application of a Behavior Checklist. Questions of Development and Homework Evaluation. The adopted outline was the one of a multiple base line with an only character. The intervention was held at Centro de Psicologia Aplicada in a public university, there were 12 weekly meetings for two hours each guided by the researcher herself. The results showed that the participants... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
42
Ferguson, Christopher J. "The moderating role of externalizing behavior problems as a predictor of treatment outcome for children with phobic disorders." FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3293.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examined the role of impulsive and oppositional behaviors in the treatment of phobic disorders. Children and adolescents with phobic disorders were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: 1) Self- Control, which focused on training the child in the use of appropriate cognitive strategies to facilitate child exposure toward feared stimuli; 2) Contingency Management, which focused on training the parent in the use of appropriate contingencies to facilitate child exposure toward feared stimuli and 3) Education/Support, a control condition. Children were assessed for externalizing behavior problems using the CBCL externalizing sub-scale. It was hypothesized that children who were rated as having high externalizing behavior problems will show less treatment success for anxiety, particularly within the self-control treatment condition, than children without high externalizing behavior problems. Significant moderating effects on treatment effectiveness were found for high externalizing behaviors with respect to severity of clinical diagnosis, as well as on child-report measures. Furthermore, an examination of means indicated that children with high externalizing behavior problems showed less improvement in treatment across all treatment conditions.
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Isolan, Luciano Rassier. "Escitalopram no tratamento de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno de ansiedade social : um ensaio aberto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10730.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introdução O transtorno de ansiedade social (TAS) é um transtorno muito prevalente e incapacitante em crianças e adolescentes. Esse estudo foi delineado para avaliar a eficácia e a tolerabilidade de um inibidor seletivo da recaptação de serotonina altamente potente, o escitalopram, no tratamento do TAS em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos Vinte pacientes ambulatoriais com um diagnóstico principal de TAS foram tratados com escitalopram em um ensaio clínico aberto por 12 semanas. A medida de desfecho primária foi a mudança basal em comparação à final na Clinical Global Impression – Improvement Scale (CGI-I). As medidas de desfecho secundárias foram a CGI – Severity scale (CGI-S), a Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C), a Screen for Child and Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) – Child and Parent version, e a The Youth Quality of Life Instument- Research Version (Y-QOL-R). Resultados Na escala CGI-I, 13 dos 20 pacientes (65%) tiveram um escore ≤ 2, correspondendo a uma resposta ao tratamento. Todas as medidas sintomáticas e de qualidade de vida mostraram melhoras significativas da avaliação basal à semana 12, com grandes tamanhos de efeito, variando de 0.9 a 1.9 (todos p < 0.01). O escitalopram foi geralmente bem tolerado. Conclusões Esses resultados sugerem que o escitalopram pode ser um tratamento eficaz e seguro no tratamento do TAS pediátrico. Futuros ensaios clínicos randomizados, placebo-controlados, fazem-se necessários.<br>Introduction Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder in children and adolescents. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a highly potent and selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor, escitalopram, in the treatment of SAD in children and adolescents. Methods Twenty outpatients with a primary diagnosis of SAD were treated in a 12-week open trial with escitalopram. The primary outcome variable was the change from baseline to endpoint in Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scale (CGI-I). Secondary efficacy measures included the CGI – Severity scale (CGI-S), the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C), the Screen for Child and Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) – Child and Parent version, and The Youth Quality of Life Instument-Research Version (Y-QOL-R). Results On the CGI-I scale, 13 of 20 patients (65%) had a score ≤ 2, meaning response to treatment. All symptomatic and quality of life measures showed improvements from baseline to week-12, with large effect sizes ranging from 0.9 to 1.9 (all p < 0.01). Escitalopram was generally well-tolerated. Conclusion These results suggest that escitalopram may be an effective and safe treatment for pediatric SAD. Future placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials are warranted.
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Obasaju, Mayowa. "Can I Talk to You? Sociopolitical Factors and their Relation to Symptoms and Treatments of Social Anxiety in a Sample of African Americans with Social Anxiety." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06182009-101014/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.<br>Title from file title page. Page Anderson, committee chair; Julia Perilla, Roderick Watts, Leslie Jackson, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 14, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-83).
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Piqueras, Rodriguez José Antonio. "Análisis de la eficacia de la intervención en adolescentes con fobia social en función de una nueva propuesta de subdivisión y operacionalización de subtipo generalizado." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo en un contexto escolar con adolescentes que cumplían criterios diagnósticos para el subtipo generalizado de fobia social (FSG en adelante) (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 78 adolescentes con una edad media de 15.27 Años (DT=0.92; Rango: 14-18 años). Los sujetos fueron clasificados y asignados a tres condiciones experimentales de tratamiento en función de una nueva propuesta de subdivisión y operacionalización de la FSG: levemente, moderadamente y gravemente generalizada. Las tres condiciones experimentales recibieron el paquete multicomponente denominado "Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social". Los resultados mostraron la eficacia del tratamiento tanto a corto como a largo plazo (12 meses) en las tres condiciones experimentales. Respecto a las comparaciones intergrupo, no se hallaron diferencias entre los tres grupos ni en las pruebas de significación estadística ni en las de significación clínica (dejar de cumplir criterios diagnósticos de fobia social). Sin embargo, los valores de los tamaños del efecto indicaron una relación directamente proporcional entre eficacia del tratamiento y gravedad del subtipo: FSGG>FSMG>FSLG. En resumen, los datos obtenidos avalan la significación estadística y clínica de esta intervención en la fobia social adolescente, independientemente de la gravedad supuesta a cada subgrupo del subtipo generalizado de fobia social.<br>This study displays the results of a research in a school-based setting with adolescents who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for the generalized subtype of social phobia (GSP) (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000). The sample consisted of 78 adolescents with a mean age of 15.27 years (SD=0.92; Age range: 14-18 years). Participants were classified and assigned to three experimental conditions of treatment based on a new proposal of subdivision and operacionalization of GSP: mild, moderate, and severe. The three experimental conditions received a multicomponent package labelled "Intervention in Adolescents with Social Phobia". Results showed the effectiveness of this intervention as well in short as in long-term follow-ups (12 months) in the three experimental groups. Regarding the intergroup comparisons, there were not differences among the three conditions either in the statistical significance tests or in the clinic one (not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for social phobia). However, the values of the effect sizes indicated a directly proportional relationship between effectiveness of our treatment and severity of the subtypes: FSGG> FSMG> FSLG. In summary, the collected data supports the effectiveness of "IAFS", independently of the severity supposed to each subtype of GSP.
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Walker, Blain S. "The diagnosis and treatment of major depression in AIDS patients : effect of counselor experience and attitude toward people with AIDS." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137581.
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This study was an investigation into the clinical judgments made by counseling psychologists when faced with a patient who had major depression and AIDS. Two hundred and eighty one counseling psychologists evaluated one of four vignettes depicting an individual with major depression. In three of the vignettes the individual also had AIDS but the vignette varied on how the virus was contracted (unprotected gay sex, IV drug abuse, hemophilia). In the fourth vignette (the control group) the individual did not have AIDS. Results of the study suggested, that the presence of AIDS overshadows the evaluation and treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when their patient has major depression and AIDS. Three factors-counseling psychologists' general experience with people who have AIDS, their clinical experience with AIDS patients and how the AIDS virus was contracted-were investigated for possible moderating effects of the overshadowing bias. How the AIDS virus was contracted was used as an indirect measure of clinician attitude toward people with AIDS. Neither general or clinical experience with AIDS patients appeared to have an effect on the diagnostic or treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when evaluating depressed patients with AIDS. As with experience, method of contracting the AIDS virus did not have a moderating effect on the overshadowing bias. Implications of these results for the evaluation and treatment of depression in AIDS patients, as well as future research are discussed.<br>Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Gkaris, Konstantinos. "First Person Exposure therapy for acrophobia." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14576.
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This thesis is focused on the development of games as a treatment for people who suffer from acrophobia, the fear of being in high-heighted situations. The purpose is to look over the immediate reactions of the players and study what effect first person gaming has on them in a short term. To achieve this, a series of three mini games is employed. Each game corresponds to a level. The first level is a tutorial which makes the player familiar with the game. In the second level, players are required to do a simple task. Finally, in the third level, the task is more pressuring and players need to be quicker to achieve the necessary goals. What is expected from this study is that the full control of the playable character makes the players feel immersed. Additionally, as the game progresses, the players will be more comfortable with heights. Last but not least, it is assumed that fast pace enhances immersion, a major factor of this study. As a result of our experiment, it is demonstrated that the control of the character from the player is a great tactic for immersion. Furthermore, it shows that the players start feeling better with heights even after one session. Finally, the study indicates that the fast pace enhances immersion, but over the time the increase of the pace has lower impact. These statements come as a result from the answers of the experiment‟s participants and will be shown in detail in this paper.
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Eriksson, Hanna, and David Gryphon. "Kognitiv beteendeterapi för samsjuklig insomni och socialt ångestsyndrom: En behandlingsstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55945.
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Lundgren, Lotta, and Linn Lyttkens. "Fobi ur ett psykodynamiskt perspektiv: Psykodynamiska terapeuters förståelse för uppkomst, svårigheter och behandling av fobi." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108608.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fobi utgör ett område som varit anmärkningsvärt frånvarande inom psykodynamisk forskning. Denna studie syftar till att skapa en fördjupad förståelse för uppkomst av och svårigheter kopplade till fobi, samt hur psykodynamisk behandling av fobi bedrivs. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tio terapeuter. Materialet analyserades utifrån grundad teori (GT). Resultatet visade att självhävdelse var en central aspekt för att förstå uppkomst och svårigheter samt behandling av patienter med fobi, då svårigheter att uttrycka ilska och att visa den egna personen utifrån autentiska känslor och behov var genomgående teman. Resultatet visade också på två typer av social fobi där rädslan bottnade i olika upplevelser vilka utgjorde grunden till respektive sociala fobi. Den första typen av social fobi verkade bottna i en överjagsproblematik bestående av ointegrerade representationer av själv och andra, och behandlades med tolkande interventioner. För den andra typen verkade upplevelser av trauma utgöra grunden för fobin, och behandlingen av denna grupp baserades på stödjande inslag.
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Haipinge, Emilie. "An investigation into the school experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment in Katutura, Windhoek." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004334.
Texte intégralRésumé :
What are the school experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment? Although the provision of life-saving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is central in the medical and policy response to the HIV pandemic, relatively little research (in the SADC region and in Namibia particularly) attends to people’s experiences and the social effects of taking ARV treatment. This study probed the experiences of high school learners on ARV treatment in Khomas Region, Namibia. As researcher I used a qualitative case study design based mainly on interviews with a purposive, select sample of eight learners at the school where I am a teacher-counsellor. Methods used also included: observations; focus group interviews with eight teachers at the site school; a questionnaire survey with Life Skills teachers from 25 schools in the Khomas Region; and document analysis. Using a theory of health-related stigma and discrimination as well as perspectives on resilience and agency as conceptual and analytical lenses, this study found that only a handful of these learners were living openly with HIV and AIDS. Being both HIV-positive and on ARV medication was a double bind for learners facing pervasive stigma and discrimination in and out of school. Discourses associated with HIV and AIDS, sex, and sexuality shaped people’s response to them and they feared being ‘caught out’. Here the study explores the complex reciprocal relationship between cause and effect in stigma, showing some consequences for these learners: isolation (both voluntary and imposed), mental anguish, depression and suicidal leanings; also (at school) absenteeism, grade repetition and dropout. Distinguishing stigma from discrimination in this study enabled insight into actual practices that constrain learner participation and inclusion in and out of school. Trust between learners on ARVs and teachers proved to be low. Teacher respondents not only felt unequipped to deal with the psychosocial needs of learners on ARVs but also indicated that confronting these needs animated their personal vulnerability (around HIV-related experiences in their own families). However, hopeful patterns also emerged. Some mediatory factors out of school shaped these learners’ experiences and identities positively, with implications for in-school experiences and participation. Some learner journeys reflected shifts from deep despair towards the emergence of voice, positive self-concepts and resilient dispositions. Here, also, this study enters a neglected area of research, showing how the complex interplay of learners’ own agency with social support brought these positive outcomes. Most learners had experienced rejection from immediate family, receiving support rather from community members who became ‘family’. The study thus also raises pressing questions on the nature of support structures (both in and out of school) in contexts shaped by HIV and AIDS, where stigma and discrimination are pervasive and where stable family structures, parental oversight and ‘normal’ progression through school cannot be assumed. It recommends that schools gain better insight into how learners’ circumstances shape their experiences, and develop internal policies, procedures and networks to reduce stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive learners on ARV treatment, as well as. ensuring material, medical, emotional, and psychological support for them.