Thèses sur le sujet « Pile à électrolyte solide »
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Novel-Cattin, Frédéric. « Élaboration et étude de pile à combustible selon la technologie électrolyte polymère solide ». Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10115.
Texte intégralMosdale, Renaut. « Etude et développement d'une pile à combustible hydrogène/oxygène en technologie électrolyte polymère solide ». Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0116.
Texte intégralGuindet, Jacques. « Contribution à l'étude de matériaux d'anode pour pile à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide ». Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0073.
Texte intégralJamard, Romain. « Systèmes catalytiques pour pile à combustible alcaline à électrolyte solide alimentée en borohydrure de sodium ». Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2284.
Texte intégralThe present work is concerned with the search of adapted catalyst for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell. First, a reference system is developed. It was necessary for the reliability of this method of manufacturing the anode to obtain reproducible performances. This reference system has shown a problem of fuel stability, which spontaneously hydrolyzes at the anodic catalyst. On the other hand, aging tests showed that the decrease in cell potential over time was associated with damages of cathode and electrolyte. At the anode, the use of iridium nanoparticles deposited on carbon leads to a reduction of the parasitic reaction (hydrolysis of sodium borohydride) and therefore increases the faradic efficiency of the DBFC. According to the study of the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium on different metallic macrocycles, it has been shown that iron phtalocyanine deposited on a carbon Vulcan XC72 has excellent activity for this reaction. Moreover, this catalyst seems very tolerant to the presence of sodium borohydride. A DBFC working with this material as cathodic catalyst has achieved excellent performances and stability
Claude, Eric. « Nouveaux catalyseurs organométalliques pour la cathode de la pile à combustible à électrolyte polymère solide ». Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0127.
Texte intégralCelikbilek, Ozden. « Optimisation de la cathode pour pile à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide : approches expérimentale et numérique ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI071/document.
Texte intégralUnderstanding, controlling and optimizing the mechanism of oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode need to be addressed for high performance energy conversion devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Structured porous films of mixed ionic electronic conductors (MIECs) and their composites with addition of a pure ionic conductor offer unique properties. However, correlating the intrinsic properties of electrode components to microstructural features remains a challenging task. In this PhD thesis, cathode functional layers (CFL) of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) and LSCF/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO) composite cathodes with hierarchical porosity from nano- to micro-range are fabricated by electrostatic spray deposition technique. The films were topped with LSCF as a current collecting layer (CCL) by screen printing technique. A parametric optimization study was conducted experimentally in terms of particle size, composition, and thickness of CFL and CCL layers. The experimental results were supported by a numerical 3D Finite Element Model (FEM). Microstructural parameters determined by FIB-SEM tomography were used in a simple geometry similar to experimentally observed columnar features. In this work, experimental results and modelling were combined to provide design guidelines relating optimized electrochemical performances to the microstructure and bulk material properties. A complete fuel cell with optimized cathode film was tested in real SOFC operational conditions
Miachon, Sylvain. « Développement d'une pile à combustible hydrogène/oxygène à électrolyte polymère solide de 100 cm2 à hydratation interne ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10048.
Texte intégralRousseau, Séverine. « Développement de catalyseurs plurimétalliques multifonctionnels pour l'oxydation électrocatalytique de l'éthanol dans une pile à oxydation directe (DEFC) ». Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2301.
Texte intégralNew technology solutions are required to deal with the global warming, in relation with power consumption but also with the limitations of crude oil reserves. Fuel cells are an electrochemical device that can play a significant role in this strategy. Ethanol is a promising candidate due to its availability, its low toxicity and its high specific energy. Ethanol can be directly used as an anodic fuel for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). However its dissociative adsorption on platinum sites leads to the formation of poisoning species responsible for the low activity of the catalysts. This study reports the preparation of platinum-based multimetallic systems by the colloidal route. Electrochemical measurements have shown a decrease of the anodic overpotential of 200 mV with Vulcan XC-72 supported Pt-Sn and Pt-Sn-Ru catalysts. Infrared reflectance spectroscopy studies in addition to chromatographic analysis of the reaction products have demonstrated that the reaction mechanism is different with Pt and Pt-Sn catalysts. The Pt-Sn catalyst with a (90:10) atomic composition and a 60 wt. % metal loading appears to be the most active system. Fuel cell experiments have reported a power density of 62 mW cm-2 at 110ʿC. Anodes with a geometric area of 25 cm2 have been prepared, exhibiting a high activity and stability in fuel cell relevant conditions
Maillard, Frédéric. « Influence de la structure d'électrocatalyseurs nanodispersés sur les réactions impliquées dans une pile à combustion directe de méthanol ». Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2290.
Texte intégralPEMFCs appear as economically viable and methanol utilization is a promising approach. Methanol oxidation leads to a poisoning intermediate, adsorbed CO, which dramatically reduces the PEMFC's performances. Methanol oxidation electrocatalysts were prepared from Ru electrochemical or spontaneous deposition on carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles. The maximum in electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation is observed with electrochemical deposits because of the presence of non-reducible ruthenium oxides in the spontaneous deposit. Two CO species are observed at the electrode surface, an exchange between these two CO species may occur. The formation of a PtRu alloy is not a required condition for efficient methanol electroxidation. The solid electrolyte being permeable to methanol, the cathode is depolarised. A particle-size effect on oxygen reduction reaction kinetics with or without methanol is observed. As particle size decreases, the catalysts are more methanol tolerant. Based on particle size considerations, Pt:Cr appears to be a more active catalyst than Pt for oxygen reduction in methanol-containing electrolyte
Agel, Eric. « Electrode à air électrolyte solide polymère alcalin pour piles à combustible et générateur métal-air ». Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077002.
Texte intégralAuvergniot, Jérémie. « Étude des mécanismes aux interfaces électrode/électrolyte d’accumulateurs « bulk tout-solide » ». Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3044/document.
Texte intégralThe last two decades have shown a tremendous spreading of portable electronics, changing our society. This change was made possible by the invention of Li-ion batteries, which provide a high energy density for a low weight and volume. More recently the development of new applications, such as electric vehicles or renewable energies, has led to new needs in terms of electrochemical storage. For some applications, user safety will be as important as cost and energy density. On the other hand, research around Na-ion batteries focuses an increased interest, because they do not depend on lithium cost. Replacing organic liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid electrolytes is an interesting solution to improve the safety of batteries, because inorganic ionic conductors are nonflammable, stable at high temperature, and supposed to be chemically and electrochemically more stable. Using those materials in all-solid-state batteries has however several limiting factors, such as loss of contact between particle at the interfaces during cycling, and also chemical/electrochemical compatibility issues between materials. Another issue with this type of batteries is the interdiffusion of species at interfaces leading to an impedance increase during cycling. Several solutions exist to mitigate those issues, such coating the active material particles with a less reactive inorganic material. However there is a lack of knowledge on the species forming at those interfaces, knowledge which is needed to improve the performances of such systems. Studying those interfacial interactions and characterizing the species formed as those interfaces was the main topic of this Ph.D thesis.This work has been done in collaboration between two laboratories : IPREM (University of Pau - CNRS, France) and LRCS (University of Amiens - CNRS, France). Two solid electrolytes have been studied: the argyrodite Li6PS5Cl and the NaSICON Na3Zr2Si2PO12. Those materials have been synthetized, then integrated in bulk all-solid-state batteries and their interfaces were characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Those two techniques provide us very complementary information, the first allowing identification and quantification of surface species, the second one giving access to the spatial repartition of elements at a nanometric level.The analysis of bulk all-solid-state batteries based on the electrolyte Na3Zr2Si2PO12 using the active material Na3V2(PO4)3 showed micromorphologic changes during cycling, as well as interdiffusion phenomena between particles. AES analysis also allowed us to describe self-discharge issues.The study of Li6PS5Cl-based batteries highlighted that this solid electrolyte is stable towards the negative electrode active material LTO. It however has interfacial reactivity towards positive electrode active materials such as LCO, NMC, LMO, LFP and LiV3O8. This reactivity leads to the formation of several species such as LiCl, P2Sx , Li2Sn , S0 and phosphates at the interface with Li6PS5Cl. In spite of the encountered interfacial reactivity issues, we managed to build all-solid-state batteries based on Li6PS5Cl showing a good capacity retention over 300 cycles when cycled between 2.8 and 3.4V
Princivalle, Agnès. « Nouvelle électrode à gradients pour piles à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide ». Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0142.
Texte intégralThe objective of this thesis is related ta the synthesis and the structural, morphological and electrochemical characterization of cathodes to be used in the domain of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) operating at temperature ta 700°C ta ensure its industrialization. We have chosen ta carry out a composite cathode with continuous graded of porosity and composition, starting From typical materials: such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM). The purpose of the addition o. F YSZ is to improve adhesion with the electrolyte (YSZ) and ta enlarge the triple contact area, where the gas, the electrocle and the electrolyte are in contact. For that, we have developed a new technique of synthesis, unique in France, the electrostatic spray deposition and undertook an original study of optimization of the microstructure of these new cathodes
Deseure, Jonathan. « Modélisation de cathodes de piles à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide (SOFC) ». Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0081.
Texte intégralBerthelot, Sylvie. « Oxydation électrocatalytique du méthane : recherche de catalyseurs en vue d'une application à une pile au méthane à électrolyte polymère solide ». Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2267.
Texte intégralBouchard, Danick. « Développement d'une interface cathode/électrolyte peu résistive par projection plasma pour application aux piles à combustible à électrolyte solide (SOFC) ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4674.
Texte intégralLauret, Hervé. « Propriétés électriques et électrochimiques de manganites de lanthane dopées comme matériau de cathode pour pile à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide ». Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0053.
Texte intégralPajot, Martin. « Nouveaux matériaux à conduction mixte à basse température pour pile à combustible de type SOFC à base de bismuth ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R049.
Texte intégralIn the current context of the energy mix, fuel cells are promising devices. They make it possible to generate electrical energy from a fuel by electrochemical reaction but also to produce just water as a by-product when hydrogen is used as fuel. Of the different types of fuel cells currently being developed, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) offers the advantage of providing significant flexibility on the nature of the usable fuel (hydrogen, methane, methanol, etc.) as well as increased resistance to impurities (carbon monoxide, sulfur, ...) compared to other technologies. However, the disadvantage of this type of system is the too high operating temperature, typically above 700 °C, which generates constraints and durability problems. However, a recent study has shown that by using a bilayer electrolyte, formed of a stabilized bismuth oxide protected by a layer of doped ceria, it would be possible to lower the operating temperatures down to 350 °C. Nevertheless, for the development of this type of device, the identification of low cost cathode materials, compatible with bismuth oxide, remains bottleneck. The search for this type of material is the subject of this thesis work. For the electrolyte, with regard to the work carried out previously, erbium stabilized bismuth oxide of formulation (Bi2O3)0.75(Er2O3)0.25, called ESB in the manuscript, was chosen. After a bibliographic analysis of the work carried out on this type of cells, the elaboration of the electrolyte is described in the second chapter with an emphasis on the interest of grinding the oxides in acetone to allow a lowering of the sintering temperatures of the electrode materials on the electrolyte. In a second step, the study of lanthanum manganite La1-xSrxMnO3 (LSM) in composite with ESB was undertaken. While previous work focused on compositions x = 0.15 - 0.20, a wide range of compositions (x = 0.15, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60 and 0.80) was considered. After having optimized the thickness of the electrode as well as the proportion between the two materials constituting the composite for the composition x = 0.20 (optimum thickness between 50 μm and 60 μm and optimal proportion of 50 % by weight of each constituent), ESB La1 xSrxMnO3|ESB|ESB-La1-xSrxMnO3 ESB symmetric cells were developed. At low temperature, the specific surface resistance is reduced by almost 50 % when a composite ESB La0.60Sr0.40MnO3 is used in comparison with a ESB-La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 composite, conventionally used at high temperature. Finally, in a third step, a large number of materials, chosen according to their structural parameters such as Ca3Co4O9, Bi2Ca2Co3O9 or Bi2Sr2Co2O9, or their electronic conduction properties such as Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+δ for x = 1 and x = 0.40 or their mixed conduction property such as NaBi25Cr10O78 or Bi38Cr7O68 were tested. Although these studies are only at a preliminary stage, several compositions appear promising, in particular Bi2Ca3Co2O9 or else Bi14CrO24, decomposition product of Bi38Cr7O68 itself
Helfen, Arnaud. « Élaboration et caractérisation d'un nouvel électrolyte solide pour les piles à combustible : δ-Bi2O3 ». Marne-la-Vallée, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351659.
Texte intégralWith an aim of finding a new electrolyte for the SOFC functioning at lower temperatures, we were interested in the new electrochemical synthesis of the delta phase of bismuth oxide. δ-Bi2O3 is a well-know high oxide-ion conducting material, but its narrow temperature range of stability, 729-825°C, had limited its application. The electrochemical method suggested by Switzer et al. Enables to stabilize this phase at room temperature. The study of δ-Bi2O3 becomes interesting again for an application such as solid electrolyte in full cell. Firstly, the influence of the electrochemical synthesis parameters of the δ-Bi2O3 thin layers was studied. It was deduced that a temperature of more than 50°C was necessary and that the optimal temperature deposition was 65°C. The bath pH value must be higher than 14. The current density, during the electrodeposition, was about 2. 25 and 3 mA/cm2. Using the XRD and TEM, the polycristalline structure of δ-Bi2O3 was confirmed. Both XRD measurements and TEM observations indicated an existence of a grain size of about 100 nm in these films. HRTEM images revealed nanocrystallites 10-20 nm in size. Their nanocrystalline natures stabilize the δ-Bi2O3 at room temperature. Using the EQCM, we have shown that the thickness of electrodeposited -Bi2O3 could not exceed 2 µm. Our stability study shown that the electrodeposited δ-Bi2O3 films exhibit a high long-time stability and that the δ-Bi2O3 keeps its fcc structure up to an annealing temperature of 340°C, above which it transforms into the sillenite structure. We have shown also that it is possible to make single crystalline nanowires of δ-Bi2O3, but the optimal conditions of electrodeposition synthesis were not determined. Lastly, the first measurements of conductivity were carried out. The preliminary results shown an ionic behaviour of our deposits, but we have some preoccupations for the reproducibility
Gharbage, Brèk. « Propriétés électriques et électrochimiques de films de (La0,5Sr0,5)1-yMnO3 comme matériau de cathode pour pile à combustible à électrolyte oxyde solide ». Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0140.
Texte intégralHelfen, Arnaud. « Elaboration et caractérisation d'un nouvel électrolyte solide pour les piles à combustible : δ-Bi2O3 ». Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351659.
Texte intégralVernoux, Philippe. « Reformage interne progressif du méthane dans les piles à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide ». Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0155.
Texte intégralVigier, Fabrice. « Développement d'électrocatalyseurs pour l'oxydation directe de l'éthanol dans une pile à combustible à membrane (PEMFC) ». Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2301.
Texte intégralDumaisnil, Kévin. « Élaboration et caractérisations de matériaux de cathode et d'électrolyte pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide ». Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0396/document.
Texte intégralEnergy made from fossil fuels, oil or coal, is becoming increasingly rare and its price will increase in the near future. Developing alternative energy sources could compensate the use of fossil fuel. Particularly, an alternative form of energy is being developed through fuel cells, through the production of electricity and heat from hydrogen. Fuel cells can provide low wattage (microwatts for sensor applications), medium wattage (kilowatts for residential applications) and high wattage (megawatts for the industry). A fuel cell consists of 3 components : 2 electrodes (anode and cathode) separated by an electrolyte. In my work, I use solid pxide materials for these three elements in order to expand on the literature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). Commercialized SOFCs currently operate at very high temperatures, typically above 800°C. The objective of this study was to develop oxides that could decrease the working temperature of the cell to 600°C, which would allow the use of steel to contain these fuel cells. In order to enable the SOFC to operate at this temperature, it is imperative to decrease the electrical resistances of the two electrodes and electrolyte in order to collect a continuous voltage which is maximal at the terminals of the fuel cell, and also to have a high electric current going through the fuel cell. The cathode, in contact with the oxygen present in the atmosphere, is the most critical element to be optimized. I close as a cathode material La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Co₀.₈Fe₀.₂O₃ (LSCF), which has already been studied. As electrolyte, I used Ce₀.₉Gd₀.₁O₂ (CGO) which is known to work below 650°C. I synthesized these materials through the Pechini method, a soft chemistry sol-gel method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. An important aspect of this work was the electrical characterization using complex impedance measurements in a wide frequency range (0,05 Hz to 2 MHz) and temperature (300°C to 700°C). The best result was obtained with a 40 µm thick, porous, composite cathode (LSCF/CGO 50/50 wt%) was deposited by screen printing on a 1,5 mm thick and dense CGO ceramic. In addition, a dense thin film of LSCF with a thickness of about 0,1 µm was spin-coated between the cathode and the electrolyte to improve the interface. At 600°C the measured resistance of the cathode was 0,13 Ω for 1 cm² : this value is similar to the results found in the state of the art. An aging study of the cathode and the electrolyte was carried out at 600 °C for 1000 h in air : the resistance of the cathode increased of 32%. This may be related to the different values of the thermal expansion coefficients of the cathode and electrolyte materials
Sharma, Rakesh. « Conception innovante de cathodes à base de nickelates de terres rares pour piles à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI091/document.
Texte intégralLayered Ruddlesden-Popper type (RP) oxides are promising cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperature (~500 - 700 °C).This thesis is focused on the synthesis of mixed ionic-electronic conducting materials such as pure La2-xPrxNiO4+δ, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, higher order Lan+1NinO3n+1 (n= 1, 2 and 3) RP phases and composites adding Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO) component. An innovative microstructure and architecture of these electrodes were successfully prepared using electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and screen-printing (SP) processes. These materials were evaluated through structural, compositional, oxygen non-stoichiometry and microstructural characterizations using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties and chemical stability of these oxygen electrodes are discussed according to the architectural design and composition using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Finally, a single SOFC based on LaPrNiO4+δ cathode has been tested.Keywords: Solid Oxide Fuel cell(SOFC), Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductor (MIEC), Cathode, Nickelates, Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO), Coral-type microstructure, architectural design, interfaces, chemical stability, Electrostatic Spray Deposition (ESD), Screen-Printing (SP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
Sanseau, Olivier. « Elaboration et étude d'éléments pour piles à combustible à oxydes solides ». Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1126.
Texte intégralAudebert, Jean-François. « Comportement de NiPS et MoS3 comme matériaux d'électrode dans des générateurs au lithium à électrolyte solide ou liquide ». Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10577.
Texte intégralMuller, Guillaume. « Conception, élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux de composition et de microstructure innovants pour les micro-piles à combustible à oxyde solide ». Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066530.
Texte intégralThe micro-solid oxide fuel cells (micro-SOFC) appear as attractive miniature sources of energy and are a technological breaking for an alternative to current Li-ion batteries. This work deals with the synthesis, the structural characterization, microstructural and electrochemical of dense and porous thin film exhibiting various composition and structure: LSCF-CGO, Ni(O)-CGO and CGO. These materials have been incorporated as cathode, anode and electrolyte respectively in a device type micro-SOFC operating at 400-600°C with H2 as fuel. The architecture of the cell and the synthesis approach differ from those proposed in the literature. In fact, porosity and composition gradients have been included to the electrodes to limit activation and concentration polarizations. Moreover, the choice of the method of synthesis, sol-gel method coupled with dip-coating to deposit materials was guided by economic criteria and ease implementation. For the synthesis of dense electrolyte thin films (CGO), another synthesis method (ALD) was also explored. In this work, we studied the relationships between structural, microstructural and electrical properties of porous thin film electrodes under the conditions of synthesis and of testing. Based on this study, the fabrication and evaluation of micro-SOFC cells properties deposited on a porous Pt/Al2O3 support have been performed
Castillo, Adriana. « Structure et mobilité ionique dans les matériaux d’électrolytes solides pour batteries tout-solide : cas du grenat Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 et des Nasicon Li1.15-2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3 ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX107/document.
Texte intégralOne of the issues for the development of all-solid-state batteries is to increase the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes. The thesis work focuses on two types of materials as crystalline inorganic solid electrolytes: a Garnet Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 (LLAZO) and a Nasicon Li1.15-2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3 (LMZYPO). The objective of this study is to understand to what extent the conduction properties of the studied materials are impacted by structural modifications generated either by a particular treatment process, or by a modification of the chemical composition. Structural data acquired by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were then crossed with ions dynamics data deduced from NMR measurements at variable temperature and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The powders were synthesized after optimizing thermal treatments using solid-solid or sol-gel methods. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique was used for the densification of the pellets used for ionic conductivity measurements by EIS.In the case of garnets LLAZO, the originality of our work is to have shown that a SPS sintering treatment, beyond the expected pellets densification, also generates structural modifications having direct consequences on the lithium ions mobility in the material and therefore on the ionic conductivity. A clear increase of the lithium ions microscopic dynamics after SPS sintering was indeed observed by variable temperature 7Li NMR measurements and the monitoring of the relaxation times.The second part of the study provides an exploratory work on the substitution of Li+ by Mg2+ in LMZYPO. We studied the ionic conduction properties of these mixed Li/Mg compounds, in parallel with a fine examination of the crystalline phases formed. We have showed in particular that the presence of Mg2+ favors the formation of the less conductive β’ (P21/n) and β (Pbna) phases, which explains the decrease of the ionic conductivity with the substitution level of Li+ by Mg2+ observed in these Nasicon type materials.Our work therefore highlights the crucial importance of structural effects on the conduction properties of ceramic solid electrolyte materials
Ringuedé, Armelle. « Cathode et réaction cathodique dans les piles à combustibles à oxyde électrolyte solide moyennes températures (S. O. F. C) ». Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0017.
Texte intégralLe, Ninivin Céline. « Elaboration et validation de dérivés polyparaphénylène substitués sulfonés comme électrolyte solide pour piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons ». Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2318.
Texte intégralThe synthesis and the valuation of sulfonated derivated polyparaphenylene (PPP) as solid electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells consist of the stake of this work. The approaches adopted concern the methods of introduction of the acid group and their influence on the properties of the ionic materials. The synthesis and characterization of three different side chains substitued PPP were realized. The study of the post sulfonation of two polymers and the grafting of another one with different fonctionnalized phenols allowed the preparation of ionic copolymers with variables properties. This grafting method is particularly original in the case of sulfonated perfluorinated phenol with thermally stable aromatic polymers. Many physico-chemical characterization (conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties and morphology) show interesting differences between post sulfonated materials and grafted materials. Some relationship between structures and properties are observed and discussed. The role of many fuel cell tests parameters like temperature, membrane thickness, copolymer acidity, was studied. The results point out that polyparaphenylene, and especially the perfluorinated grafted copolymer, are promising materials for PEMFC application. More than, the results of fuel cell tests are in good agreement with the physico-chemical characterization
Castro, Alexandre. « Développement de batteries tout solide sodium ion à base d’électrolyte en verre de chalcogénures ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S126/document.
Texte intégralThe evolution of energy consumption in recent decades has led to major changes in the design of autonomous electrical systems dedicated to either electrical or electronic applications. The present demand to build generators capable of delivering sufficient energy, with a guarantee of maximum safety, requires to explore new storage routes. The current lithium battery routes tend to show their limits, both strategic and environmental. In this context, the construction of new electrochemical systems implementing sodium opens the way of the lithium-free accumulators production. The need for ever more efficient batteries requires innovative designs, giving up the liquid path in favor of stronger solid systems. In addition, the miniaturization of electronics leads to a review of the size of the batteries, to micro-type batteries, for which the interest of a solid stack is no longer to demonstrate. Today, sulfur chalcogenide glasses allow access to ionic conductivities that suggest the possibility of a realization of all solid batteries, both in the form of micro batteries or massive batteries. A research effort has been made to formulate these chalcogenide glasses in order to obtain a maximum of ionic conductivity and properties allowing their use as electrolytes. The composition of these glasses highlights the interest of the different elements for such properties. The study of the electrolyte shaping by thin-film deposition (obtained by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputering, RFMS) proves the feasibility of these all-solid sodium micro-batteries. Subsequently, the realization of massive all solid batteries required the synthesis of two cathode materials (NaCrO2 and Na [Ni0.25Fe0.5Mn0.25]O2) and two anode materials (Na15Sn4 and Na) thus allowing the implementation of four electrochemical stacks, all characterized as accumulators. Finally, the improvement of the interfaces thanks to a gel-polymer made it possible to improve the properties of the assemblies with notably an increase of the speeds of charge / discharge and an enhanced mobilization of the cathode active materials
Meabe, Iturbe Leire. « Innovative polycarbonates for lithium conducting polymer electrolytes ». Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3042.
Texte intégralThe 21st century must address new challenges. The highly qualified life, demanded by modern society, requires constant developments. Energy is the essential ingredient for the economic and social development. The technological revolution that we are now suffering has as a principle the energy produced by coal, oil, and gas. However, the consumption of these energy sources are limited and additionally, during the last decades have been strongly criticized due to the high CO2 emissions released. Besides, the energy produced by renewable energies are promising alternative supplies to limited non-renewable resources. Little by little, the use of fuel-based energy sources will be reduced and renewable solar energy, wind power, hydropower, geothermal energy and bioenergy will be settled in our life. Nevertheless, due to the intermittent availability of these type of resources, good energy storage systems have to be designed. Among the all systems, electrochemical energy storage systems (EESS)s seem to be the best alternative for the use of portable electronics, electric vehicles and smart grid facilities.Generally, a battery contains a liquid electrolyte on it, which is based on a salt dissolved in a liquid organic solvent. This solvent is known to be toxic and highly flammable. Great efforts have been devoted to design safe electrolytes. Thus, polymer electrolytes have been proposed as safe materials. Nevertheless, the ionic conductivity, lithium transference number and electrochemical stability window should be addressed in order to be used in different applications. In this direction, in this thesis different polycarbonates have been proposed as promising host materials and they have been evaluated in as safe electrolytes
Lafroukhi, Omar. « Affinage des verres au plomb de type cristal : comparaison des pouvoirs affinant des systèmes AS#3#+/AS#5#+ et SB#3#+/SB#5#+. Corrosion des réfractaires ». Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10129.
Texte intégralLancel, Gilles. « Synthèse et caractérisation de membranes hybrides pour la conduction des ions lithium, et application dans les batteries lithium-air à électrolyte aqueux ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066011/document.
Texte intégralAqueous lithium-air batteries could be a revolution in energy storage, but the main limitation is the use of a thick glass-ceramic lithium ionic conductor to isolate the metallic lithium from the aqueous electrolyte. This makes the system more fragile, limits its cyclability and increases ohmic resistance. The aim of this work is to replace the glass-ceramic by a hybrid membrane made by electrospinning, which combines water tightness, flexibility and lithium-ions conductivity. The ionic conductivity is provided by a nanostructured solid electrolyte ceramic: both Li1,4Al0,4Ti1,6(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li0,33La0,57TiO3 (LLTO) were studied. The water tightness is ensured by a fluorinated polymer. Different powders synthesis methods are reported and compared in terms of purity, microstructure, specific surface area and electrochemical properties. Especially, the LATP microwave-assisted synthesis is reported for the first time. Sub-micrometric LATP particles were obtained in times as short as 2 min. The fabrication of hybrid membranes from suspension is then reported. In a second approach, the coupling between sol-gel chemistry and electrospinning made possible the fabrication of a self-standing lithium-conducting network, made of interconnected crystalline nanofibers. After an impregnation step, a flexible, lithium-conducting and watertight hybrid membrane is obtained. A mechanical reinforcement is observed, which is attributed to the inorganic nanofibers. This approach is exposed for both LATP and LLTO solid electrolytes. This work opens new prospects in lithium-air, lithium-sulfur and lithium-ion batteries
Ferrand, Adèle. « Synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères à blocs anioniques utilisés en tant qu'électrolyte solide pour les batteries au lithium métallique ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0131.
Texte intégralThe elaboration of efficient batteries to promote the use of electric vehicles is a matter of primary importance for sustainable long-term development. Lithium-Metal Batteries (LMB) are among the most promising. However, such technology presents several safety issues due to dendritic growth. To overcome these drawbacks, studies are performed on solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) that combine both high conductivity and suitable mechanical properties to prevent the dendritic growth. One of the strategies to obtain a SPE displaying all the desired properties is the elaboration of block copolymers. Like so, a PEO bloc with high ionic conductivity is combined with suitable mechanical properties of another polymer. Currently, many materials could meet the different requirements, but only at 80°C. The aim of this thesis is to develop a polymer material offering good performances in terms of ionic conductivity and mechanical rigidity at 40 °C in order to limit the energy loss. Our strategy consists in reducing the crystallinity and the melting temperature of PEO to optimize its conductivity at low temperature. In order to do so, several block copolymer sets constituted of various linear PEO and anionic polymers have been synthesized by NMP. Interestingly, the block copolymers containing PEO with a low degree of crystallinity, due to the limitation of chain stereoregularity, display low melting temperatures (Tf < 40°C). Moreover, the one made of polycondensats of PEO exhibits a relatively high ionic conductivity (1.3×10-6 S.cm-1) at 40 °C while displaying strong mechanical properties (Ey=50MPa). This new material seems to be a promising SPE for LMB
Brousse-Pereira, Elodie. « Elaboration par projection thermique d’éléments finement structurés d’un électrolyseur à haute température pour la production d’hydrogène : procédés, structures et caractéristiques ». Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/06f0d707-179e-42b8-b6c1-412cb6f9b937/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4070.pdf.
Texte intégralNowadays manufacturing fuel for solid oxide fuel cells by mean of steam water electrolysis is a real challenge. Nanomaterials should find their place in this way. And then plasma spraying, a process with high ratio, allows manufacturing such nanoscaled materials with varying thicknesses. In this study two of the three HTE layers were manufactured by suspension plasma spraying in the case of the electrolyte and by atmospheric plasma spraying of agglomerated nanoparticules in the case of the anode. Finally the use of the TriplexPro 200 torch, which fluctuations are lower than 20% and which allows decoupling velocity from surface temperature of the in-flight particles, gives the opportunity of manufacturing a gastight electrolyte layer and a second phase less anode layer
Sun, Fu. « Caractérisation de revêtements de silicate de lanthane de structure apatite dopé au magnésium réalisés par projection plasma en vue d'application comme électrolyte de pile à combustible de type IT-SOFC ». Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598644.
Texte intégralMorin, Arnaud. « Développement d'un électrolyte solide pour application piles à combustible fonctionnant entre 100°C et 200°C à faible humidité relative : Le composite polyimide/SiO2-B2O3-P2O5 ». Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20228.
Texte intégralMa, Yangzhou. « Modeling and development of new materials for fuel cells solid electrolyte ». Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0286/document.
Texte intégralThe Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) defined by its ceramic and oxide electrolyte, is an electrochemical energy conversion device that produces electricity directly from the chemical reaction of fuel. Nowadays, apatite type rare earths silicates and germaniums attract many interests as the solid electrolyte due to the superior transport properties with high ionic conductivity and low activation energy. They can operate stably at intermediate temperature over a wide oxygen partial pressure range and maintain excellent performances, being considered as a candidate for IT-SOFC electrolytes. Among this series of conductors, the La-Si-O type has a higher conductivity and the performance would be modified by different doping elements.The objective of this thesis is to study the effects of element substitution/doping and synthesis methods on the structural and conductivity properties of apatite type lanthanum silicates. In this study, we use a double approach: a simulation approach and an experimental approach to optimize the electrolyte materials purity and performance.Using simulation approach, a first principle calculation based on DFT (Density Functional Theory) was carried out to investigate the effect on doping positions: Sr dopant at La position and Ge dopant at Si position. The calculation results give a connection to the ionic conductivity obtained by experiments.With experimental approach, we present the synthesis and characterization of Sr-doped La10Si6O27 (LSO) prepared through an optimized water-based sol-gel process. The results show that the ionic conductivity is thermally activated and values lies between 4.5×10-2 and 1×10-6 Scm-1 at 873 K as a function of the composition and powder preparation conditions
Simone, Antonia. « Caractérisation microstructurale et électrique de couches céramiques obtenues par le dépôt électrophorétique (EPD) : Application à la zircone cubique ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813386.
Texte intégralSaha, Sujoy. « Exploration of ionic conductors and Li-rich sulfides for all-solid-state batteries ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS041.pdf.
Texte intégralGrowing needs for energy storage applications require continuous improvement of the lithium ion batteries (LIB). The anionic redox chemistry has emerged recently as a new paradigm to design high-energy positive electrodes of LIBs, however with some issues (i.e., voltage hysteresis and fading, sluggish kinetics, etc.) that remained to be solved. In addition, the safety of the LIBs can be improved by designing all-solid-state batteries (ASSB). In this thesis, we first focused on the development of new oxide-based solid electrolytes (SE) for applications in ASSBs. We explored the influence of disorder on the ionic conductivity of SEs and demonstrated how to increase the conductivity by stabilizing disordered high-temperature phases. Furthermore, we designed Li-rich layered sulfide electrodes that undergo anionic sulfur redox, with excellent reversibility. Thus, the newly designed electrode materials show a possible direction to mitigate the issues related to anionic redox. Lastly, we used the Li-rich sulfides as positive electrode in ASSB with sulfide-based SEs that demonstrate excellent cyclability, thereby highlighting the importance of interfacial compatibility in ASSBs
Bernard, Laurent. « Caractérisation multi-échelle de la structure et du transport de cristaux liquides ioniques : vers des électrolytes solides innovants pour batteries lithium ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY002.
Texte intégralOne major issue towards large-scale application of lithium-based batteries concerns their safety which is directly related to the nature of the electrolyte. Solid electrolytes are at present considered as a promising approach to avoid the risks related to the commonly employed liquids. Herein we report the synthesis and the characterization of a promising class of electrolytes: Thermotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals (TILCs). We describe the design and the synthesis of new self-assembled single-ion materials in function of their chemical architecture. We performed a systematic structural and functional properties study, demonstrating the crystal-liquid properties as well as the supramolecular organization into columnar phases. One of the most promising TILC shows a conductivity of 10-4 S.cm-1 at 70°C. The ion dynamics was probed at molecular scale to establish the main features of hopping conduction mechanism. Further polymerization of the TILCs could be applied to develop high performance single-ion polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
Denoyelle, Quentin. « Microbatteries lithium(-ion) tout solide pour applications haute température ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0007.
Texte intégralThe development of microelectronics has led to the manufacture of sensors able to operate at high temperatures (150 - 250 °C). For this kind of application, available power sources (conventional batteries, ZEBRA batteries etc.) are poorly or not adapted at all to this kind of applications. The use of LiPON, a ceramic electrolyte stable until high temperature, suggests that microbatteries could be used for high temperature current supplying. The aim of this work is to estimate the sustainability of standard microbatteries LiCoO2/LiPON/Li at high temperature. The first part of the study focuses on the thermal stability of the different materials of the stack, especially on delithiated compounds Li1-xCoO2. In parallel, the second part of the study is devoted to the interfaces between the different materials, focusing on the LiCoO2/LiPON interface. Given the results obtained on the thermal stability of the positive electrode material and its reactivity with the electrolyte, the third part deals with the electrode material substitution in order to make a more robust stack at high temperature. The study of Li2FeS2 and its interface with the electrolyte leads to promising results with regard to the aimed application
Rivard, Tony. « Développement d'une méthode de mesure de la longueur de la couche limite triphasée utilisant une méthode tomographique ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5978.
Texte intégralHallot, Maxime. « Micro-batteries tout solide en technologie Li-ion sur substrats Silicium planaires et tridimensionnels pour objets connectés ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I115.
Texte intégralMiniaturized sensors for Internet of Things (IoT) application is in expansion since the last 10 years. All solid-state lithium-ion battery is a promising candidate. Nevertheless, in spite of high technological readiness level, planar micro-batteries suffer from a lack of energy density meaning that it is necessary to develop new architectures to fullfill the performances requirements. 3D structures is needed for such application and this work is focused on the synthesis of positives electrodes with high storage capacity and high operating voltage by Atomic layer deposition (ALD). In the frame of this work,we will rely structurals and electrochemicals properties by differents characterisations techniques for batteries materials
Gourba, Emmanuel. « Elaboration et caractérisation physicochimique et électrochimique de couches minces de YSZ et de CGO en vue de leur utilisation comme électrolyte des piles à combustible à oxyde solide ». Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066138.
Texte intégralBraglia, Michele. « Electropolymerization of ion-conducting membranes for micro-scale energy storage and conversion devices ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0525.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we synthesized and investigated two novel classes of aromatic polymer separators for electrochemical microdevices containing grafted sulfonic acid groups (for Li-ion microbatteries) or grafted quaternary ammonium groups (for alkaline microfuel cells). The polymers are single-ion conductors, because the counterions are fixed on the polymer backbone. The electrochemical polymerization under potentiostatic or potentiodynamic conditions of sulfonated poly(phenyl ether) (SPPE), starting from the ortho and para isomers of sulfonated phenol, was studied in anodic conditions on glassy carbon electrode. The proton conductivity of sulfonated poly(phenyl ether) (6 mS/cm) is sufficiently high for applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices.The electrochemical polymerization of poly(styrene sulfonated) (PSS) and p-sulfonated poly(allyl phenyl ether) (SPAPE) was studied on TiO2 nanotubes in cathodic conditions by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry. Battery tests against Li metal showed excellent cycling performances with high areal capacity (up to 110 μAh cm-2) and very good capacity retention especially at large C-rates, studied up to 12 C.The electrochemical polymerization of (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride on glassy carbon electrodes was achieved both in cathodic and in anodic conditions by cyclic voltammetry, whereas (N-allyl N-benzyl N,N-dimethyl)ammonium iodide is obtained only cathodically. The ionic conductivity was investigated by EIS: the conductivity of around 1 mS/cm is consistent with literature reports on similar anion-conducting polymer electrolytes
Grenier, Antonin. « Development of solid-state Fluoride-ion Batteries : cell design, electrolyte characterization and electrochemical mechanisms ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066128/document.
Texte intégralSolid-state fluoride-ion batteries rely on the reversible exchange of the F- ion between a metal and a metal fluoride through a solid electrolyte. These electrochemical devices can theoretically reach energy densities superior to conventional Li-ion commercial batteries. Consequently, fluoride-ion batteries can be seen as a new promising chemistry generating a growing interest. In this context, a part of our work has been dedicated to the development of a cell allowing the evaluation of their electrochemical performance. Moreover, particular attention was given to the electrochemical properties of the solid electrolyte, BaF2-doped LaF3, La1-xBaxF3-x. Finally, the structural changes taking place at the electrodes upon charge/discharge were studied in order to gain insight into the electrochemical mechanisms involved in these devices
Ricca, Chiara. « Combined theoretical and experimental study of the ionic conduction in oxide-carbonate composite materials as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066623/document.
Texte intégralOxide-carbonate composites are promising electrolytes for LT-SOFC, thanks to their high conductivity (0.1-1 S/cm at 600°C). A deeper understanding on the origins of their improved performances is still necessary. For this purpose, a combined theoretical and experimental approach was developed. We first studied systematically the conductivity of the material, measured through EIS, as a function of different oxide or carbonate phases and of the operating atmosphere. Results on YSZ- and CeO2-based materials indicate that by only taking into account the interfaces it is possible to rationalize some surprising observations, while reactivity issues have been observed for TiO2-carbonate composites. We then proposed a computational strategy based on periodic DFT calculations: we first studied the bulk structure of each phase so as to select an adequate computational protocol, which has then been used to identify a suitable model of the most stable surface for each phase. These surface models have thus been combined to obtain a model of the oxide-carbonate interface that through static DFT and MD provides a deeper insight on the interface at the atomic level. This strategy was applied to provide information on the structure, stability and electronic properties of the interface. YSZ-LiKCO3 was used as a case study to investigate the conduction mechanisms of different species. Results showed a strong influence of the interfaces on the transport properties. The TiO2-LiKCO3 model was, instead, used to investigate the reactivity of these materials. Overall, these results pave the way toward a deeper understanding of the basic operating principles of SOFC based on these materials
Jarry, Angélique. « Optimisation et caractérisation des propriétés de transport de nouveaux électrolytes céramiques pour pile à combustible conductrice protonique et anionique dérivés de Baln0. 8Ti0. 2O2. 6-n(OH)2n(BIT02) ». Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=df220054-12e8-467d-a71a-2976bae4ccba.
Texte intégralA major limitation of the perovskite type H+-SOFC electrolyte performance is the actual competition between a high level of ionic conductivity and a good stability in CO2 containing atmosphere. A compromise must be found between a low basicity to avoid decomposition by reaction with CO2 and a good proton and/or O2- diffusion associated with a high crystallographic symmetry. With an optimization of those key features, we expect to obtain the best conductivity/stability couple. Such strategies were carried out on BaIn0. 8Ti0. 2O2. 6-n(OH)2n by Zr,Ln,Sc→In,Ti substitutions, leading to BaIn0. 6Ln0. 2Ti0. 2O2. 6-n(OH)2n with Ln = Yb, Lu or Dy and BaIn1-x-yTixZryO2. 6-n with x+y ≤ 0. 2 for the best candidates. They demonstrate promising protonic and anionic conductivities respectively σH+400°C ~1. 5 mS. Cm-1 and σO2-700°C ~10 mS. Cm-1 and good chemical stability under 3% CO2 atmosphere. Even though the strong correlations between perovskite crystal phase and transport properties are well known, a better fundamental understanding at an atomic scale of conduction mechanisms is necessary to enhance the likelihood of tailoring electrolyte performance. In this work, we attempt to quantify and to localize the oxygen and proton species and to study their motions upon hydration in BaIn0. 6Yb0. 2Ti0. 2O2. 6-n(OH)2n by combining thermal X-ray, electron and neutron diffractions, neutron time-of-flight scattering data, MAS NMR, TGA and IR spectroscopy. A particular attention was paid on the structural determination as well as on hydration mechanism understanding