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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Plant diseases Epidemiology »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 6 février 2022

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1

Pons-Kuhnemann, J. "Comparative Epidemiology of Plant Diseases." Journal of Phytopathology 151, no. 7-8 (August 2003): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00740.x.

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Plantegenest, Manuel, Christophe Le May, and Frédéric Fabre. "Landscape epidemiology of plant diseases." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 4, no. 16 (July 24, 2007): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2007.1114.

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Many agricultural landscapes are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and fragmentation. Landscape ecology focuses on the influence of habitat heterogeneity in space and time on ecological processes. Landscape epidemiology aims at applying concepts and approaches originating from landscape ecology to the study of pathogen dynamics at the landscape scale. However, despite the strong influence that the landscape properties may have on the spread of plant diseases, landscape epidemiology has still received little attention from plant pathologists. Some recent methodological and technol

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Bloomberg, W. J. "The Epidemiology of Forest Nursery Diseases." Annual Review of Phytopathology 23, no. 1 (September 1985): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.23.090185.000503.

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Deb, Debasish, Ahamed Khan, and Nrisingha Dey. "Phoma diseases: Epidemiology and control." Plant Pathology 69, no. 7 (June 17, 2020): 1203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13221.

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Kromhout, Daan. "Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in Europe." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 2b (April 2001): 441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001133.

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AbstractWithin Europe large differences exist in mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke. These diseases show a clear West-East gradient with high rates in Eastern Europe. In spite the decreasing trend in age-adjusted cardiovascular disease mortality in Western European countries an increase in the number of cardiovascular patients is expected because of the ageing of the population. Consequently the health care cost for these diseases will increase.Total and HDL cholesterol are major determinants of coronary heart disease. Saturated and trans fatty acids have a total and LDL choleste

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Tzanetakis, Ioannis E., Robert Martin, and Igor Koloniuk. "Special Issue “Plant Virus Epidemiology and Control”." Viruses 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030309.

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Aranda, M. A., and J. Freitas-Astúa. "Ecology and diversity of plant viruses, and epidemiology of plant virus-induced diseases." Annals of Applied Biology 171, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12361.

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Gitaitis, Ronald, and Ronald Walcott. "The Epidemiology and Management of Seedborne Bacterial Diseases." Annual Review of Phytopathology 45, no. 1 (September 8, 2007): 371–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094321.

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Dietzgen, Ralf G., Nicolas E. Bejerman, Michael M. Goodin, Colleen M. Higgins, Ordom B. Huot, Hideki Kondo, Kathleen M. Martin, and Anna E. Whitfield. "Diversity and epidemiology of plant rhabdoviruses." Virus Research 281 (May 2020): 197942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197942.

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Trebicki, Piotr. "Climate change and plant virus epidemiology." Virus Research 286 (September 2020): 198059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198059.

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Allen, Linda J. S., Vrushali A. Bokil, Nik J. Cunniffe, Frédéric M. Hamelin, Frank M. Hilker, and Michael J. Jeger. "Modelling Vector Transmission and Epidemiology of Co-Infecting Plant Viruses." Viruses 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121153.

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Co-infection of plant hosts by two or more viruses is common in agricultural crops and natural plant communities. A variety of models have been used to investigate the dynamics of co-infection which track only the disease status of infected and co-infected plants, and which do not explicitly track the density of inoculative vectors. Much less attention has been paid to the role of vector transmission in co-infection, that is, acquisition and inoculation and their synergistic and antagonistic interactions. In this investigation, a general epidemiological model is formulated for one vector speci

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Weisberg, Alexandra J., Niklaus J. Grünwald, Elizabeth A. Savory, Melodie L. Putnam, and Jeff H. Chang. "Genomic Approaches to Plant-Pathogen Epidemiology and Diagnostics." Annual Review of Phytopathology 59, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-121736.

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Diseases have a significant cost to agriculture. Findings from analyses of whole-genome sequences show great promise for informing strategies to mitigate risks from diseases caused by phytopathogens. Genomic approaches can be used to dramatically shorten response times to outbreaks and inform disease management in novel ways. However, the use of these approaches requires expertise in working with big, complex data sets and an understanding of their pitfalls and limitations to infer well-supported conclusions. We suggest using an evolutionary framework to guide the use of genomic approaches in

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Md Sabtu, Norraisha, Mohamad Hafis Izran Ishak, and Nurul Hawani Idris. "THE SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF JACKFRUIT PEST AND DISEASES: A REVIEW." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2019): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n1-2.395.

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Jackfruit is identified as targeted produced for premium fruit and vegetable (EPP 7). Meanwhile in Johor, jackfruit is the third biggest fruit produced in 2016. Jackfruit contains a lot of benefits which certainly good for living things and have been used in various sector such as medicine, food, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant, antifungal effect, immunomodulatory effect and else. However, the existence of pests and diseases have threatened the productivity of jackfruit plant particularly in tropical countries including Malaysia. There are many factors that can affect the occurrence of pests a

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Jeger, Michael J. "The Epidemiology of Plant Virus Disease: Towards a New Synthesis." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121768.

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Epidemiology is the science of how disease develops in populations, with applications in human, animal and plant diseases. For plant diseases, epidemiology has developed as a quantitative science with the aims of describing, understanding and predicting epidemics, and intervening to mitigate their consequences in plant populations. Although the central focus of epidemiology is at the population level, it is often necessary to recognise the system hierarchies present by scaling down to the individual plant/cellular level and scaling up to the community/landscape level. This is particularly impo

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Guthrie, J. N., D. T. White, K. B. Walsh, and P. T. Scott. "Epidemiology of Phytoplasma-Associated Papaya Diseases in Queensland, Australia." Plant Disease 82, no. 10 (October 1998): 1107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.10.1107.

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Three phytoplasma-related diseases of papaya (Carica papaya), dieback, yellow crinkle, and mosaic, are recognized within Australia. Immature leaf material was sampled every week for 8 months from a cohort of 60 female plants, located within a commercial papaya plantation, to determine the minimum time between infection and symptom expression. Phytoplasma DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for phytoplasmas in general, and for the stolbur group of phytoplasmas. The dieback-associated phytoplasma was detected 1 week prior to (four cases) or the same w

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van Munster, Manuella. "Impact of Abiotic Stresses on Plant Virus Transmission by Aphids." Viruses 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12020216.

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Plants regularly encounter abiotic constraints, and plant response to stress has been a focus of research for decades. Given increasing global temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels and the occurrence of water stress episodes driven by climate change, plant biochemistry, in particular, plant defence responses, may be altered significantly. Environmental factors also have a wider impact, shaping viral transmission processes that rely on a complex set of interactions between, at least, the pathogen, the vector, and the host plant. This review considers how abiotic stresses influence th

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Zhang, X. S., and J. Holt. "Mathematical Models of Cross Protection in the Epidemiology of Plant-Virus Diseases." Phytopathology® 91, no. 10 (October 2001): 924–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.10.924.

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Mathematical models of plant-virus disease epidemics were developed where cross protection occurs between viruses or virus strains. Such cross protection can occur both naturally and through artificial intervention. Examples of diseases with continuous and discontinuous crop-host availability were considered: citrus tristeza and barley yellow dwarf, respectively. Analyses showed that, in a single host population without artificial intervention, the two categories of host plants, infected with a protecting virus alone and infected with a challenging virus, could not coexist in the long term. Fo

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Gilligan, Christopher A. "Sustainable agriculture and plant diseases: an epidemiological perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1492 (September 7, 2007): 741–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2181.

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The potential for modern biology to identify new sources for genetical, chemical and biological control of plant disease is remarkably high. Successful implementation of these methods within globally and locally changing agricultural environments demands new approaches to durable control. This, in turn, requires fusion of population genetics and epidemiology at a range of scales from the field to the landscape and even to continental deployment of control measures. It also requires an understanding of economic and social constraints that influence the deployment of control. Here I propose an e

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Fereres, Alberto. "Plant Virus Epidemiology: Controlling epidemics of emerging and established plant viruses—the way forward." Virus Research 141, no. 2 (May 2009): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2009.02.008.

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Coghlan, J. D., and E. Kmety. "A new serovarmogdeniof serogroup Tarassovi ofLeptospira interrogansisolated from a sewage plant in England." Epidemiology and Infection 99, no. 2 (October 1987): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800067856.

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SUMMARYAmong 30 strains of leptospires isolated from samples of sewage taken before and during treatment at two sewage plants in England, only one appeared to belong toLeptospira interrogans, the species that comprises the leptospires that are pathogenic to man and animals. That strain, Compton 746, was isolated from settled sewage, before treatment at a treatment plant that deals mainly with human sewage. It was shown serologically to belong to serogroup Tarassovi and appears to represent a new serovar that has been namedmogdeniafter the name of the sewage plant, Mogden, from which it was iso

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Lees, A. K., S. J. Wale, P. van de Graaf, and J. L. Brierley. "The use of molecular diagnostics to investigate the epidemiology of potato diseases." Australasian Plant Pathology 34, no. 4 (2005): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap05085.

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., Anshul, Alok Srivastava, and Gyanendra Datta Sukla. "A REVIEW ON ACID PEPSIN DISEASES: HISTORY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, ANTACIDS AND PLANT-BASED ALTERNATIVES." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 10, no. 3 (August 14, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.100356.

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PREECE, T. F. "Some observations on Pseudomonas-Induced plant diseases: a prelude to understanding their epidemiology." Plant Pathology 37, no. 4 (December 1988): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1988.tb02103.x.

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Cunniffe, Nik J., Britt Koskella, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stephen Parnell, Tim R. Gottwald, and Christopher A. Gilligan. "Thirteen challenges in modelling plant diseases." Epidemics 10 (March 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2014.06.002.

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Rahmatullah, Mohammed, Shahadat Hossan, Afsana Khatun, Syeda Seraj, and Rownak Jahan. "Medicinal Plants Used by Various Tribes of Bangladesh for Treatment of Malaria." Malaria Research and Treatment 2012 (January 23, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/371798.

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It has been estimated that 300–500 million malaria infections occur on an annual basis and causes fatality to millions of human beings. Most of the drugs used for treatment of malaria have developed drug-resistant parasites or have serious side effects. Plant kingdom has throughout the centuries proved to be efficient source of efficacious malarial drugs like quinine and artemisinin. Since these drugs have already developed or in the process of developing drug resistance, it is important to continuously search the plant kingdom for more effective antimalarial drugs. In this aspect, the medicin

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Turechek, W. W. "Nonparametric Tests in Plant Disease Epidemiology: Characterizing Disease Associations." Phytopathology® 94, no. 9 (September 2004): 1018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.9.1018.

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Nonparametric tests are suited to many statistical applications, including experimental design, regression, and time series analysis, for example. Often these tests are thought of as alternatives to their parametric counterparts when certain assumptions about the underlying population are questionable. Although suited for this scenario, there are a number of nonparametric tests that fill unique niches in the analysis of data, for example, characterizing interspecific associations. Quantifying the degree of association between two or more pathogens or diseases at a defined spatial scale is esse

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Thresh, J. M., R. A. C. Jones, and T. Kuehne. "Plant virus epidemiology symposium—first steps into the new millennium." Virus Research 100, no. 1 (March 2004): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2003.12.010.

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NEIRA-MUNOZ, E., C. OKORO, and N. D. McCARTHY. "Outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis associated with low oocyst concentrations." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 7 (April 20, 2007): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807008503.

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SUMMARYWater treatment plants in the United Kingdom at significant risk of cryptosporidiosis and using conventional filtration methods have been required to install 24-h monitoring systems since April 2000. No major waterborne outbreaks have been described since 2001. Small outbreaks have been associated with water. This paper describes such an outbreak. Data from a local multi-agency surveillance system was used to describe the outbreak, including mapping cases against water supply zones. A case-control study investigated hypotheses raised. All cases were genotype 1. Early cases were in the s

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Moreira, Alécio Souza, Armando Bergamin Filho, and Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende. "Comparative Epidemiology of Three Virus Diseases on Zucchini Squash." Journal of Phytopathology 163, no. 5 (October 29, 2014): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12335.

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WILLIAMS, C. J., M. SILLIS, V. FEARNE, L. PEZZOLI, G. BEASLEY, S. BRACEBRIDGE, M. REACHER, and P. NAIR. "Risk exposures for human ornithosis in a poultry processing plant modified by use of personal protective equipment: an analytical outbreak study." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 9 (November 26, 2012): 1965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812002440.

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SUMMARYOrnithosis outbreaks in poultry processing plants are well-described, but evidence for preventive measures is currently lacking. This study describes a case-control study into an outbreak of ornithosis at a poultry processing plant in the East of England, identified following three employees being admitted to hospital. Workers at the affected plant were recruited via their employer, with exposures assessed using a self-completed questionnaire. Cases were ascertained using serological methods or direct antigen detection in sputum. 63/225 (28%) staff participated, with 10% of participants

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Martin, Frank N., and Joyce E. Loper. "Soilborne Plant Diseases Caused by Pythium spp.: Ecology, Epidemiology, and Prospects for Biological Control." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 18, no. 2 (March 1999): 111–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689991309216.

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Jeger, M. J., L. V. Madden, and F. van den Bosch. "Plant Virus Epidemiology: Applications and Prospects for Mathematical Modeling and Analysis to Improve Understanding and Disease Control." Plant Disease 102, no. 5 (May 2018): 837–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0612-fe.

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In recent years, mathematical modeling has increasingly been used to complement experimental and observational studies of biological phenomena across different levels of organization. In this article, we consider the contribution of mathematical models developed using a wide range of techniques and uses to the study of plant virus disease epidemics. Our emphasis is on the extent to which models have contributed to answering biological questions and indeed raised questions related to the epidemiology and ecology of plant viruses and the diseases caused. In some cases, models have led to direct

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Koenraad, P. M. F. J., W. F. Jacobs-Reitsma, T. Van Der Laan, R. R. Beumer, and F. M. Rombouts. "Antibiotic susceptibility of campylobacter isolates from sewage and poultry abattoir drain water." Epidemiology and Infection 115, no. 3 (December 1995): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800058635.

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SummaryIn this study, thein vitrosusceptibility of 209 campylobacter strains to the quinolones nalidixic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and to ampicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin was tested by the disk diffusion method. The strains were isolated from poultry abattoir effluent (DWA) and two sewage purification plants (SPA and SPB). Sewage purification plant SPA received mixed sewage, including that from a poultry abattoir, whereas SPB did not receive sewage from any meat-processing industry. The quinolone resistance of the DWA isolates ranged from 28% for enrofloxacin to 5

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Charkowski, Amy O. "The Changing Face of Bacterial Soft-Rot Diseases." Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045906.

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Bacterial soft rot is a disease complex caused by multiple genera of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, with Dickeya and Pectobacterium being the most widely studied soft-rot bacterial pathogens. In addition to soft rot, these bacteria also cause blackleg of potato, foot rot of rice, and bleeding canker of pear. Multiple Dickeya and Pectobacterium species cause the same symptoms on potato, complicating epidemiology and disease resistance studies. The primary pathogen species present in potato-growing regions differs over time and space, further complicating disease management. Genomics

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Ojiambo, P. S., J. Yuen, F. van den Bosch, and L. V. Madden. "Epidemiology: Past, Present, and Future Impacts on Understanding Disease Dynamics and Improving Plant Disease Management—A Summary of Focus Issue Articles." Phytopathology® 107, no. 10 (October 2017): 1092–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-17-0248-fi.

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Epidemiology has made significant contributions to plant pathology by elucidating the general principles underlying the development of disease epidemics. This has resulted in a greatly improved theoretical and empirical understanding of the dynamics of disease epidemics in time and space, predictions of disease outbreaks or the need for disease control in real-time basis, and tactical and strategic solutions to disease problems. Availability of high-resolution experimental data at multiple temporal and spatial scales has now provided a platform to test and validate theories on the spread of di

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Jeger, Michael, and Claude Bragard. "The Epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa; A Perspective on Current Knowledge and Framework to Investigate Plant Host–Vector–Pathogen Interactions." Phytopathology® 109, no. 2 (February 2019): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-18-0239-fi.

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Insect-transmitted plant diseases caused by viruses, phytoplasmas, and bacteria share many features in common regardless of the causal agent. This perspective aims to show how a model framework, developed originally for plant virus diseases, can be modified for the case of diseases incited by Xylella fastidiosa. In particular, the model framework enables the specification of a simple but quite general invasion criterion defined in terms of key plant, pathogen, and vector parameters and, importantly, their interactions, which determine whether or not an incursion or isolated outbreak of a patho

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Johnston, P. R., S. R. Pennycook, and M. A. Manning. "Taxonomy of fruitrotting fungal pathogens whats really out there." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4252.

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This paper discusses the role of taxonomy in understanding the epidemiology of fruit rotting diseases and in determining the biosecurity status of the fungi associated with those diseases The taxonomy of most highly specialised fruitrotting pathogens is well understood but some degree of uncertainty or confusion applies to the taxonomy of many less specialised pathogens The taxonomic lumping of morphologically similar but genetically and biologically distinct taxa often confounds our ability to understand diseases frustrates the interpretation of research data and can result in misinformation

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Gramaje, David, José Ramón Úrbez-Torres, and Mark R. Sosnowski. "Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects." Plant Disease 102, no. 1 (January 2018): 12–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-fe.

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Fungal trunk diseases are some of the most destructive diseases of grapevine in all grape growing areas of the world. Management of GTDs has been intensively studied for decades with some great advances made in our understanding of the causal pathogens, their epidemiology, impact, and control. However, due to the breadth and complexity of the problem, no single effective control measure has been developed. Management of GTD must be holistic and integrated, with an interdisciplinary approach conducted in both nurseries and vineyards that integrates plant pathology, agronomy, viticulture, microb

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JAGLIC, Z., E. MICHU, M. HOLASOVA, H. VLKOVA, V. BABAK, M. KOLAR, J. BARDON, and J. SCHLEGELOVA. "Epidemiology and characterization ofStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates from humans, raw bovine milk and a dairy plant." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 5 (October 22, 2009): 772–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809991002.

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SUMMARYGeographically relatedStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates from human patients (n=30), dairy farms (farmers and individual raw milk from cattle,n=36) and a dairy plant (n=55) were examined for epidemiological relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and, usingin vitromethods, for the ability to produce biofilm and antimicrobial resistance. Methicillin-resistant isolates (MRSE) were also identified and characterized. Isolates from farmers and dairy cattle were found to be genetically related, while isolates from human patients were highly diverse. Some dairy plant isolates (18·2%) w

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Kummuang, N. "Muscadine Grape Berry Rot Diseases in Mississippi: Disease Epidemiology and Crop Reduction." Plant Disease 80, no. 3 (1996): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-80-0244.

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Jones, Roger A. C. "Virus diseases of pasture grasses in Australia: incidences, losses, epidemiology, and management." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 3 (2013): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13134.

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This paper reviews current knowledge for Australia over the occurrence, losses caused, epidemiology, and management of virus diseases of pasture grasses. It also reviews all records of viruses in wild grasses likely to act as alternative host reservoirs for virus spread to nearby pastures or crops. Currently, 21 viruses have been found infecting 36 pasture or forage grass species and 59 wild grass species. These viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors (mites or insects) or, in one instance, via grass seeds. Their modes of transmission are critical factors determining their incidences with

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Scholthof, Karen-Beth G. "Plant Pathology and Public Health." Emerging Infectious Diseases 5, no. 4 (August 1999): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990432.

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SEURI, M., J. KOIVUNEN, K. GRANFORS, and H. HEINONEN-TANSKI. "Work-related symptoms and Salmonella antibodies among wastewater treatment plant workers." Epidemiology and Infection 133, no. 4 (March 8, 2005): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805003924.

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Sicard, Anne, Adam R. Zeilinger, Mathieu Vanhove, Tyler E. Schartel, Dylan J. Beal, Matthew P. Daugherty, and Rodrigo P. P. Almeida. "Xylella fastidiosa: Insights into an Emerging Plant Pathogen." Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045849.

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The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa re-emerged as a plant pathogen of global importance in 2013 when it was first associated with an olive tree disease epidemic in Italy. The current threat to Europe and the Mediterranean basin, as well as other world regions, has increased as multiple X. fastidiosa genotypes have now been detected in Italy, France, and Spain. Although X. fastidiosa has been studied in the Americas for more than a century, there are no therapeutic solutions to suppress disease development in infected plants. Furthermore, because X. fastidiosa is an obligatory plant and insect vec

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Olivier, Chrystel Y., D. Thomas Lowery, and Lorne W. Stobbs. "Phytoplasma diseases and their relationships with insect and plant hosts in Canadian horticultural and field crops." Canadian Entomologist 141, no. 5 (October 2009): 425–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n08-cpa02.

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AbstractPhytoplasmas are bacterial plant pathogens consisting of more than 50 phylogenetic groups that cause devastating diseases in various crops worldwide. They are obligate parasites restricted to the phloem tissue of the host plant and are transmitted from plant to plant mostly by leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). They reproduce within the tissues of their insect vectors and are transferred in the salivary secretions to new host plants during feeding. Phytoplasma epidemiology involves a tritrophic relationship between the pathogen and usually several hosts and vectors. The host-plant

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Poudel, Bindu, William M. Wintermantel, Arturo A. Cortez, Thien Ho, Archana Khadgi, and Ioannis E. Tzanetakis. "Epidemiology of Blackberry yellow vein associated virus." Plant Disease 97, no. 10 (October 2013): 1352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-13-0018-re.

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Blackberry yellow vein disease is one of the most important diseases of blackberry in the United States. Several viruses are found associated with the symptomology but Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV) appears to be the most prevalent of all, leading to the need for a better understanding of its epidemiology. Efficient detection protocols were developed using end-point and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. A multi-state survey was performed on wild and cultivated blackberry to assess the geographical distribution of the virus. Two whitefly species, Tri

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Abbasi, Ibrahim, Artur Trancoso Lopo de Queiroz, Oscar David Kirstein, Abdelmajeed Nasereddin, Ben Zion Horwitz, Asrat Hailu, Ikram Salah, et al. "Plant-feeding phlebotomine sand flies, vectors of leishmaniasis, preferCannabis sativa." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 46 (October 29, 2018): 11790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810435115.

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Blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) transmit leishmaniasis as well as arboviral diseases and bartonellosis. Sand fly females become infected withLeishmaniaparasites and transmit them while imbibing vertebrates’ blood, required as a source of protein for maturation of eggs. In addition, both females and males consume plant-derived sugar meals as a source of energy. Plant meals may comprise sugary solutions such as nectar or honeydew (secreted by plant-sucking homopteran insects), as well as phloem sap that sand flies obtain by piercing leaves and stems with their needle

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Jamshidi, Elham, Sergio Murolo, Mohammad Salehi, and Gianfranco Romanazzi. "Sequence Analysis of New Tuf Molecular Types of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ in Iranian Vineyards." Pathogens 9, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060508.

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Grapevine Bois noir (BN) is caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (‘Ca. P. solani’) and is one of the most important phytoplasma diseases in the Euro-Mediterranean viticultural areas. The epidemiology of BN can include grapevine as a plant host and is usually transmitted via sap-sucking insects that inhabit herbaceous host plants. Tracking the spread of ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains is of great help for the identification of plant reservoirs and insect vectors involved in local BN outbreaks. The molecular epidemiology of ‘Ca. P. solani’ is primarily based on sequence analysis of the tuf housekee

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Tiedemann, A. v. "Ozone Effects on Fungal Leaf Diseases of Wheat in Relation to Epidemiology." Journal of Phytopathology 134, no. 3 (March 1992): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1992.tb01227.x.

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SYNE, S. M., A. RAMSUBHAG, and A. A. ADESIYUN. "Occurrence and genetic relatedness ofListeriaspp. in two brands of locally processed ready-to-eat meats in Trinidad." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 5 (July 22, 2010): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881000172x.

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SUMMARYContamination of locally produced, ready-to-eat meats byListeriaspp. has been previously reported at one processing plant in Trinidad. However, the status of this pathogen in locally produced products sold at retail outlets is unknown. This study was conducted to establish whether there is a risk to consumers of locally processed meats caused by the presence ofListeriaspp., and whether a link exists between the presence of the pathogen in retail products and the manufacturing plant of one brand (B). Four hundred and eighty ready-to-eat meat products of two popular local brands (A and B)

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