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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Plant proteins Genetic aspects »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 14 février 2022

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1

Pandey, Sona. "Plant receptor-like kinase signaling through heterotrimeric G-proteins." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 5 (January 13, 2020): 1742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa016.

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Abstract Heterotrimeric G-proteins regulate multiple aspects of plant growth, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. While the core components of heterotrimeric G-proteins and their basic biochemistry are similar in plants and metazoans, key differences exist in their regulatory mechanisms. In particular, the activation mechanisms of plant G-proteins appear diverse and may include both canonical and novel modes. Classical G-protein-coupled receptor-like proteins exist in plants and interact with Gα proteins, but their ability to activate Gα by facilitating GDP to GTP exchang

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Tichá, Tereza, Despina Samakovli, Anna Kuchařová, Tereza Vavrdová, and Jozef Šamaj. "Multifaceted roles of HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 molecular chaperones in plant development." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 14 (April 7, 2020): 3966–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa177.

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Abstract HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 90 (HSP90s) are molecular chaperones that mediate correct folding and stability of many client proteins. These chaperones act as master molecular hubs involved in multiple aspects of cellular and developmental signalling in diverse organisms. Moreover, environmental and genetic perturbations affect both HSP90s and their clients, leading to alterations of molecular networks determining respectively plant phenotypes and genotypes and contributing to a broad phenotypic plasticity. Although HSP90 interaction networks affecting the genetic basis of phenotypic variation

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Soyano, Takashi, Masaki Ishikawa, Ryuichi Nishihama, Satoshi Araki, Mayumi Ito, Masaki Ito, and Yasunori Machida. "Control of plant cytokinesis by an NPK1–mediated mitogen–activated protein kinase cascade." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1422 (June 29, 2002): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1094.

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Cytokinesis is the last essential step in the distribution of genetic information to daughter cells and partition of the cytoplasm. In plant cells, various proteins have been found in the phragmoplast, which corresponds to the cytokinetic apparatus, and in the cell plate, which corresponds to a new cross wall, but our understanding of the functions of these proteins in cytokinesis remains incomplete. Reverse genetic analysis of NPK1 MAPKKK (nucleus– and phragmoplast–localized protein kinase 1 mitogen–activated protein kinase kinase kinase) and investigations of factors that might be functional

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Li, Lei, and Detlef Weigel. "One Hundred Years of Hybrid Necrosis: Hybrid Autoimmunity as a Window into the Mechanisms and Evolution of Plant–Pathogen Interactions." Annual Review of Phytopathology 59, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-114826.

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Hybrid necrosis in plants refers to a genetic autoimmunity syndrome in the progeny of interspecific or intraspecific crosses. Although the phenomenon was first documented in 1920, it has been unequivocally linked to autoimmunity only recently, with the discovery of the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms. The most common causal loci encode immune receptors, which are known to differ within and between species. One mechanism can be explained by the guard hypothesis, in which a guard protein, often a nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat protein, is activated by interaction with

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Frolova, T. S., V. A. Cherenko, O. I. Sinitsyna, and A. V. Kochetov. "Genetic aspects of potato resistance to phytophthorosis." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 25, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj21.020.

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Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary is the main oomycete pathogen of cultivated crops in the family Solanaceae, especially potato (Solanum tuberosum). Because potato is the fourth most cultivated crop worldwide, its annual losses from late blight are tremendous. Studies of the basic mechanisms of interaction between potato and the late blight pathogen not only expand the fundamental knowledge in this area, but also open up new possibilities for regulating these interactions in order to increase resistance to the pathogen. The interaction of potato and the late blight pathogen can be considere

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Hadi, Joshua, and Gale Brightwell. "Safety of Alternative Proteins: Technological, Environmental and Regulatory Aspects of Cultured Meat, Plant-Based Meat, Insect Protein and Single-Cell Protein." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061226.

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Food security and environmental issues have become global crises that need transformative solutions. As livestock production is becoming less sustainable, alternative sources of proteins are urgently required. These include cultured meat, plant-based meat, insect protein and single-cell protein. Here, we describe the food safety aspects of these novel protein sources, in terms of their technological backgrounds, environmental impacts and the necessary regulatory framework for future mass-scale production. Briefly, cultured meat grown in fetal bovine serum-based media can be exposed to viruses

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Dziechciarková, M., A. Lebeda, I. Doležalová, and D. Astley. "Characterization of Lactuca spp. germplasm by protein and molecular markers – a review." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 2 (November 21, 2011): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3680-pse.

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The genus Lactuca L. belongs to one of the largest plant families, Asteraceae. Lactuca L. is represented by ca 100 species distributed in different geographical areas and ecological conditions. This is one of the reasons why this genus is characterised by very broad variation of different characters. Electrophoretic detection of some proteins (isozymes) has been applied to the study of genetic variability of Lactuca spp. individuals and populations. The development of molecular genetic methods (RFLP, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; PCR methods: RAPD, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA;

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Kayser, Oliver. "Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology: From Tradition to Modern Aspects of Drug Development." Planta Medica 84, no. 12/13 (May 24, 2018): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0631-3876.

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AbstractSecondary natural products from plants are important drug leads for the development of new drug candidates for rational clinical therapy and exhibit a variety of biological activities in experimental pharmacology and serve as structural template in medicinal chemistry. The exploration of plants and discovery of natural compounds based on ethnopharmacology in combination with high sophisticated analytics is still today an important drug discovery to characterize and validate potential leads. Due to structural complexity, low abundance in biological material, and high costs in chemical s

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Sluse, Francis E., and Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz. "Uncoupling proteins outside the animal and plant kingdoms: functional and evolutionary aspects." FEBS Letters 510, no. 3 (December 6, 2001): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03229-x.

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Tripathy, Manas K., Renu Deswal, and Sudhir K. Sopory. "Plant RABs: Role in Development and in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses." Current Genomics 22, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202922666210114102743.

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Endosomal trafficking plays an integral role in various eukaryotic cellular activities and is vital for higher-order functions in multicellular organisms. RAB GTPases are important proteins that influence various aspects of membrane traffic, which consequently influence many cellular functions and responses. Compared to yeast and mammals, plants have evolved a unique set of plant-specific RABs that play a significant role in their development. RABs form the largest family of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, and are divided into eight sub-families named RAB1, RAB2, RAB5, RAB

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Bassi, Roberto, Dorianna Sandona, and Roberta Croce. "Novel aspects of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins." Physiologia Plantarum 100, no. 4 (August 1997): 769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb00004.x.

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Ning, He, Su Yang, Baofang Fan, Cheng Zhu, and Zhixiang Chen. "Expansion and Functional Diversification of TFIIB-Like Factors in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031078.

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As sessile organisms, plants have evolved unique patterns of growth and development, elaborate metabolism and special perception and signaling mechanisms to environmental cues. Likewise, plants have complex and highly special programs for transcriptional control of gene expression. A case study for the special transcription control in plants is the expansion of general transcription factors, particularly the family of Transcription Factor IIB (TFIIB)-like factors with 15 members in Arabidopsis. For more than a decade, molecular and genetic analysis has revealed important functions of these TFI

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Pérez-Clemente, Rosa M., Vicente Vives, Sara I. Zandalinas, María F. López-Climent, Valeria Muñoz, and Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas. "Biotechnological Approaches to Study Plant Responses to Stress." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/654120.

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Multiple biotic and abiotic environmental stress factors affect negatively various aspects of plant growth, development, and crop productivity. Plants, as sessile organisms, have developed, in the course of their evolution, efficient strategies of response to avoid, tolerate, or adapt to different types of stress situations. The diverse stress factors that plants have to face often activate similar cell signaling pathways and cellular responses, such as the production of stress proteins, upregulation of the antioxidant machinery, and accumulation of compatible solutes. Over the last few decade

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Kumar, Sivakumar Prasanth, Saumya K. Patel, Ravi G. Kapopara, Yogesh T. Jasrai, and Himanshu A. Pandya. "Evolutionary and Molecular Aspects of Indian Tomato Leaf Curl Virus Coat Protein." International Journal of Plant Genomics 2012 (December 11, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/417935.

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Tomato leaf curl disease (ToLCD) is manifested by yellowing of leaf lamina with upward leaf curl, leaf distortion, shrinking of the leaf surface, and stunted plant growth caused by tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV). In the present study, using computational methods we explored the evolutionary and molecular prospects of viral coat protein derived from an isolate of Vadodara district, Gujarat (ToLCGV-[Vad]), India. We found that the amino acids in coat protein required for systemic infection, viral particle formation, and insect transmission to host cells were conserved amongst Indian strains. Phy

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Genre, Andrea, and Paola Bonfante. "Check-In Procedures for Plant Cell Entry by Biotrophic Microbes." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 9 (September 2007): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-9-1023.

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Significant advances in the cell biology of plant-microbe interactions have been achieved recently, to a large extent based on new technical approaches such as the use of fluorescent protein tags in model plants exploited in conjunction with available genetic resources. They have highlighted the pivotal role played by epidermal cells as the first site at which direct cell-to-cell contact takes place between the plant and microbes it may host. Here, we compare the cellular aspects of early biotrophic interactions with symbiotic and pathogenic microbes and evaluate the hypothesis that their host

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Khosa, Jiffinvir, Francesca Bellinazzo, Rina Kamenetsky Goldstein, Richard Macknight, and Richard G. H. Immink. "PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE-BINDING PROTEINS: the conductors of dual reproduction in plants with vegetative storage organs." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 8 (February 19, 2021): 2845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab064.

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Abstract Geophytes, the plants that form vegetative storage organs, are characterized by a dual reproduction system, in which vegetative and sexual propagation are tightly regulated to ensure fitness in harsh climatic conditions. Recent findings highlight the role of the PEBP (PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE-BINDING PROTEIN) gene family in geophytes as major players in the molecular cascades underlying both types of reproduction. In this review, we briefly explain the life cycle and reproduction strategies of different geophytes and what is known about the physiological aspects related to these proce

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Fusaro, Adriana, Amanda Mangeon, Ricardo Magrani Junqueira, Carla Andréa Benício Rocha, Tatiana Cardoso Coutinho, Rogério Margis, and Gilberto Sachetto-Martins. "Classification, expression pattern and comparative analysis of sugarcane expressed sequences tags (ESTs) encoding glycine-rich proteins (GRPs)." Genetics and Molecular Biology 24, no. 1-4 (December 2001): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572001000100035.

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Since the isolation of the first glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) in plants a wealth of new GRPs have been identified. The highly specific but diverse expression pattern of grp genes, taken together with the distinct sub-cellular localization of some GRP groups, clearly indicate that these proteins are involved in several independent physiological processes. Notwithstanding the absence of a clear definition of the role of GRPs in plant cells, studies conducted with these proteins have provided new and interesting insights into the molecular biology and cell biology of plants. Complexly regulated p

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Jing, Ju-Li, Ting Zhang, Ya-Zhong Wang, and Yan He. "Advances Towards How Meiotic Recombination Is Initiated: A Comparative View and Perspectives for Plant Meiosis Research." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (September 23, 2019): 4718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194718.

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Meiosis is an essential cell-division process for ensuring genetic diversity across generations. Meiotic recombination ensures the accuracy of genetic interchange between homolous chromosomes and segregation of parental alleles. Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), catalyzed by the evolutionarily conserved topoisomerase VIA (a subunit of the archaeal type II DNA topoisomerase)-like enzyme Spo11 and several other factors, is a distinctive feature of meiotic recombination initiation. The meiotic DSB formation and its regulatory mechanisms are similar among species, but certain aspects are

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Ahmar, Sunny, Rafaqat Ali Gill, Ki-Hong Jung, Aroosha Faheem, Muhammad Uzair Qasim, Mustansar Mubeen, and Weijun Zhou. "Conventional and Molecular Techniques from Simple Breeding to Speed Breeding in Crop Plants: Recent Advances and Future Outlook." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072590.

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In most crop breeding programs, the rate of yield increment is insufficient to cope with the increased food demand caused by a rapidly expanding global population. In plant breeding, the development of improved crop varieties is limited by the very long crop duration. Given the many phases of crossing, selection, and testing involved in the production of new plant varieties, it can take one or two decades to create a new cultivar. One possible way of alleviating food scarcity problems and increasing food security is to develop improved plant varieties rapidly. Traditional farming methods pract

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Yeh, Kuo-Chen, Melicent C. Peck, and Sharon R. Long. "Luteolin and GroESL Modulate In Vitro Activity of NodD." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.2.525-530.2002.

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ABSTRACT In the early stages of symbiosis between the soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti and its leguminous host plant, alfalfa, bacterial nodulation (nod) genes are controlled by NodD1, NodD2, and NodD3, members of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators, in response to flavonoid and other inducers released by alfalfa. To gain an understanding of the biochemical aspects of this action, epitope-tagged recombinant NodD1 and NodD3 were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The DNA binding properties of the purified recombinant NodD proteins were indistinguishable from those of NodD isolate

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D’Amelia, Vincenzo, Teresa Docimo, Christoph Crocoll, and Maria Manuela Rigano. "Specialized Metabolites and Valuable Molecules in Crop and Medicinal Plants: The Evolution of Their Use and Strategies for Their Production." Genes 12, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060936.

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Plants naturally produce a terrific diversity of molecules, which we exploit for promoting our overall well-being. Plants are also green factories. Indeed, they may be exploited to biosynthesize bioactive molecules, proteins, carbohydrates and biopolymers for sustainable and large-scale production. These molecules are easily converted into commodities such as pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, food, feed and biofuels for multiple industrial processes. Novel plant biotechnological, genetics and metabolic insights ensure and increase the applicability of plant-derived compounds in several industrial

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McDermott, Mark, Michael J. O. Wakelam, and Andrew J. Morris. "Phospholipase D." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 225–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o03-079.

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Phospholipase D catalyses the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid and a free headgroup. Phospholipase D activities have been detected in simple to complex organisms from viruses and bacteria to yeast, plants, and mammals. Although enzymes with broader selectivity are found in some of the lower organisms, the plant, yeast, and mammalian enzymes are selective for phosphatidylcholine. The two mammalian phospholipase D isoforms are regulated by protein kinases and GTP binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation and Rho families. Mammalian and ye

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Demidchik, Vadim, Frans Maathuis, and Olga Voitsekhovskaja. "Unravelling the plant signalling machinery: an update on the cellular and genetic basis of plant signal transduction." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 2 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp17085.

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Plant signalling is a set of phenomena that serves the transduction of external and internal signals into physiological responses such as modification of enzyme activity, cytoskeleton structure or gene expression. It operates at the level of cell compartments, whole cells, tissues, organs or even plant communities. To achieve this, plants have evolved a network of signalling proteins including plasma membrane receptors and ion transporters, cascades of kinases and other enzymes as well as several second messengers such as cytosolic calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), cy

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Srivastava, Rajat, and Rahul Kumar. "The expanding roles of APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factors and their potential applications in crop improvement." Briefings in Functional Genomics 18, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elz001.

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AbstractUnderstanding the molecular basis of the gene-regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits or plant responses to abiotic/biotic stresses is very important for crop improvement. In this context, transcription factors, which either singularly or in conjugation directly control the expression of many target genes, are suitable candidates for improving agronomic traits via genetic engineering. In this regard, members of one of the largest class of plant-specific APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily, which is implicated in various aspects of development and plant stres

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Rafinska, Katarzyna, Krzysztof Zienkiewicz, and Elzbieta Bednarska. "Pollen Transcriptome and Proteome: Molecular and Functional Analysis." Advances in Cell Biology 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10052-010-0003-9.

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SummaryThe pollen grain, because of its unique structural organization, is an extremely useful experimental model in cytological, molecular as well as in genetic studies. Due to the ease of pollen grain isolation, their sorting as well as simple extraction of their DNA, RNA and proteins, male gametophyte cells of angiosperms are presently one of the most intensively studied plant cells. Important and rapid progress in the development of experimental tools for genome exploration caused a significant increase in the number of reports concerning different aspects of gene expression during microsp

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Bassal, Hussein, Othmane Merah, Aqeel M. Ali, Akram Hijazi, and Fawaz El Omar. "Psophocarpus tetragonolobus: An Underused Species with Multiple Potential Uses." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121730.

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Natural products, particularly those extracted from plants, have been used as therapy for different diseases for thousands of years. The first written records on the plants used in natural medicine, referred to as “medicinal plants”, go back to about 2600 BC. A thorough and complete understanding of medicinal plants encompasses a multiplex of overlapping and integrated sciences such as botany, pharmacognosy, chemistry, enzymology and genetics. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, a member of Fabaceae family also called winged bean, is a perennial herbaceous plant characterized by its tuberous roots an

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Vain, Thomas, Sara Raggi, Noel Ferro, Deepak Kumar Barange, Martin Kieffer, Qian Ma, Siamsa M. Doyle, et al. "Selective auxin agonists induce specific AUX/IAA protein degradation to modulate plant development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 8, 2019): 6463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809037116.

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Auxin phytohormones control most aspects of plant development through a complex and interconnected signaling network. In the presence of auxin, AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) transcriptional repressors are targeted for degradation by the SKP1-CULLIN1-F-BOX (SCF) ubiquitin-protein ligases containing TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB). CULLIN1-neddylation is required for SCFTIR1/AFBfunctionality, as exemplified by mutants deficient in the NEDD8-activating enzyme subunit AUXIN-RESISTANT 1 (AXR1). Here, we report a chemical biology screen that identifies small m

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Bertrand, Annick, and Yves Castonguay. "Plant adaptations to overwintering stresses and implications of climate change." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-129.

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Winter survival is a complex trait that does not solely rely on the plant's ability to withstand the direct effects of extreme cold temperatures. During long overwintering periods, plants are exposed to multiple abiotic (ice encasement, frost heave, desiccation, anoxia) and biotic (snow mould and other psychrophylic pathogens) stresses. Tolerance to these various stresses is based in part on shared adaptive traits and, consequently, cross-adaptation to environmental stresses is a key aspect of plant adaptation to cold. Increasing evidence of multiple functions for stress-induced proteins in ov

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Feng, Mingfeng, Ruixiang Cheng, Minglong Chen, Rong Guo, Luyao Li, Zhike Feng, Jianyan Wu, et al. "Rescue of tomato spotted wilt virus entirely from complementary DNA clones." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 1181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910787117.

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Negative-stranded/ambisense RNA viruses (NSVs) include not only dangerous pathogens of medical importance but also serious plant pathogens of agronomic importance. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most important plant NSVs, infecting more than 1,000 plant species, and poses major threats to global food security. The segmented negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes of TSWV, however, have been a major obstacle to molecular genetic manipulation. In this study, we report the complete recovery of infectious TSWV entirely from complementary DNA (cDNA) clones. First, a replication- and

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Dong, Chen, Huigang Hu, and Jianghui Xie. "Genome-wide analysis of the DNA-binding with one zinc finger (Dof) transcription factor family in bananas." Genome 59, no. 12 (December 2016): 1085–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0081.

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DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) domain proteins are a multigene family of plant-specific transcription factors involved in numerous aspects of plant growth and development. In this study, we report a genome-wide search for Musa acuminata Dof (MaDof) genes and their expression profiles at different developmental stages and in response to various abiotic stresses. In addition, a complete overview of the Dof gene family in bananas is presented, including the gene structures, chromosomal locations, cis-regulatory elements, conserved protein domains, and phylogenetic inferences. Based on the geno

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Yao, Ting Shan, Xiao Feng Zhu, Jin Hee Jung, and Yuan Hu Xuan. "Qa-SNARE Protein SYP22 Negatively Regulates Brassinosteroid Signaling in the Dark." Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica 57, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsb-2015-0021.

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Abstract Soluble N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive factor attachment adaptor protein receptor (SNARE) domain-containing proteins were mainly involved in vesicle-associated membrane fusion. Genetic screening has revealed the function of SNARE in different aspects of plant biology. Among them, Synthaxin-22 (SYP22) a Qa-SNARE has been reported to have a pleiotropic function in plant development including regulation of leaf waving, shoot gravitropism and flowering time. In this study, we identified a new role of SYP22 in regulation of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, especially in the dark. SYP22 interac

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Paul, Jinny A., Michelle T. Barati, Michael Cooper, and Michael H. Perlin. "Physical and Genetic Interaction between Ammonium Transporters and the Signaling Protein Rho1 in the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 10 (August 15, 2014): 1328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00150-14.

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ABSTRACTDimorphic transitions between yeast-like and filamentous forms occur in many fungi and are often associated with pathogenesis. One of the cues for such a dimorphic switch is the availability of nutrients. Under conditions of nitrogen limitation, fungal cells (such as those ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandUstilago maydis) switch from budding to pseudohyphal or filamentous growth. Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are responsible for uptake and, in some cases, for sensing the availability of ammonium, a preferred nitrogen source. Homodimer and/or heterodimer formation may be required for regulat

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Collings, David A., and Geoffrey O. Wasteneys. "Actin microfilament and microtubule distribution patterns in the expanding root of Arabidopsis thaliana." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-032.

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Determination of the precise role(s) of actin microfilaments in the control of cell shape and elongation in the root tips of the model genetic system Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh is frustrated by inadequate microscopy imaging techniques. In this paper, we documented both microfilaments and microtubules in the root tips of Arabidopsis by double immunofluorescence labelling and computer-generated reconstruction of confocal image series. Our procedure, which complements the use of recently developed fluorescent reporter proteins, revealed hitherto undescribed aspects of the Arabidopsis microfi

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Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne, and Silvio Gianinazzi. "Cellular and genetical aspects of interactions between hosts and fungal symbionts in mycorrhizae." Genome 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-051.

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Contact between appropriate mycorrhizal symbionts initiates a cascade of events that leads to modifications in the behaviour of both organisms at cell and tissue levels and the establishment of a functionally compatible relationship. Mechanisms that regulate the outcome of the symbiosis must involve a complex interchange of signals that triggers changes in genome expression in either symbiont. Analysis of symbiosis-specific proteins, interspecific grafting experiments, and the obtention of fungal and plant variants with phenotypes deficient for mycorrhiza formation provide information to help

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Glasner, J. D., M. Marquez-Villavicencio, H. S. Kim, C. E. Jahn, B. Ma, B. S. Biehl, A. I. Rissman, et al. "Niche-Specificity and the Variable Fraction of the Pectobacterium Pan-Genome." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, no. 12 (December 2008): 1549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-12-1549.

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We compare genome sequences of three closely related soft-rot pathogens that vary in host range and geographical distribution to identify genetic differences that could account for lifestyle differences. The isolates compared, Pectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043, P. carotovorum WPP14, and P. brasiliensis 1692, represent diverse lineages of the genus. P. carotovorum and P. brasiliensis genome contigs, generated by 454 pyrosequencing ordered by reference to the previously published complete circular chromosome of P. atrosepticum genome and each other, account for 96% of the predicted genome siz

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Rusnak, Frank, and Pamela Mertz. "Calcineurin: Form and Function." Physiological Reviews 80, no. 4 (January 10, 2000): 1483–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1483.

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Calcineurin is a eukaryotic Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase. It is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit calcineurin A, which contains an active site dinuclear metal center, and a tightly associated, myristoylated, Ca2+-binding subunit, calcineurin B. The primary sequence of both subunits and heterodimeric quaternary structure is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. As a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, calcineurin participates in a number of cellular processes and Ca2+-dependent signal transduction pathways. Calcineurin is potent

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Tiika, Richard John, Jia Wei, Rui Ma, Hongshan Yang, Guangxin Cui, Huirong Duan, and Yanjun Ma. "Identification and expression analysis of the WRKY gene family during different developmental stages in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. fruit." PeerJ 8 (October 28, 2020): e10207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10207.

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Background The WRKY gene family, one of the major transcription factor families in plants, plays crucial regulatory roles in physiological and biological developmental processes, and the adaptation of plants to the environment. However, the systematic study of WRKY structure, expression profiling, and regulatory functions has not been extensively reported in Lycium ruthenicum, although these aspects have been comprehensively studied in most plant species. Methods In this study, the WRKY genes were identified from a L. ruthenicum transcriptome database by using bioinformatics. The identificatio

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Theodoulou, Frederica L., and Ian D. Kerr. "ABC transporter research: going strong 40 years on." Biochemical Society Transactions 43, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20150139.

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In most organisms, ABC transporters constitute one of the largest families of membrane proteins. In humans, their functions are diverse and underpin numerous key physiological processes, as well as being causative factors in a number of clinically relevant pathologies. Advances in our understanding of these diseases have come about through combinations of genetic and protein biochemical investigations of these transporters and the power of in vitro and in vivo investigations is helping to develop genotype–phenotype understanding. However, the importance of ABC transporter research goes far bey

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Shi, Hui, Mohan Lyu, Yiwen Luo, Shoucheng Liu, Yue Li, Hang He, Ning Wei, Xing Wang Deng, and Shangwei Zhong. "Genome-wide regulation of light-controlled seedling morphogenesis by three families of transcription factors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 25 (May 29, 2018): 6482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803861115.

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Three families of transcription factors have been reported to play key roles in light control of Arabidopsis seedling morphogenesis. Among them, bHLH protein PIFs and plant-specific protein EIN3/EIN3-LIKE 1 (EIN3/EIL1) accumulate in the dark to maintain skotomorphogenesis. On the other hand, HY5 and HY5 HOMOLOG (HYH), two related bZIP proteins, are stabilized in light and promote photomorphogenic development. To systemically investigate the transcriptional regulation of light-controlled seedling morphogenesis, we generated HY5ox/pifQein3eil1, which contained mutations of EIN3/EIL1 and four PIF

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González-Grandío, Eduardo, Alice Pajoro, José M. Franco-Zorrilla, Carlos Tarancón, Richard G. H. Immink, and Pilar Cubas. "Abscisic acid signaling is controlled by a BRANCHED1/HD-ZIP I cascade in Arabidopsis axillary buds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): E245—E254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613199114.

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Shoot-branching patterns determine key aspects of plant life and are important targets for crop breeding. However, we are still largely ignorant of the genetic networks controlling locally the most important decision during branch development: whether the axillary bud, or branch primordium, grows out to give a lateral shoot or remains dormant. Here we show that, inside the buds, the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF (TCP) transcription factor BRANCHED1 (BRC1) binds to and positively regulates the transcription of three related Homeodomain leucine zipper protein (HD-ZIP)-encoding genes: HOMEOB

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Zhang, Aidong, Yihua Liu, Chunyan Yu, Linli Huang, Minjie Wu, Junyu Wu, and Yinbo Gan. "Zinc Finger Protein 1 (ZFP1) Is Involved in Trichome Initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana." Agriculture 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120645.

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Arabidopsis trichome is specialized structure that develops from epidermal cells, and is an excellent model system for studying various aspects of plant cell development and cell differentiation. Our previous studies have shown that C2H2 zinc finger protein family genes, including GIS, GIS2, GIS3, ZFP5, ZFP6 and ZFP8, play an important role in controlling trichome initiation in Arabidopsis. Here, our novel results showed a C2H2 zinc finger protein, ZFP1, which also plays an important role in trichome initiation in Arabidopsis. ZFP1 over-expression lines display significantly increased trichome

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Schmidt, Anja. "Controlling Apomixis: Shared Features and Distinct Characteristics of Gene Regulation." Genes 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030329.

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In higher plants, sexual and asexual reproduction through seeds (apomixis) have evolved as alternative strategies. As apomixis leads to the formation of clonal offspring, its great potential for agricultural applications has long been recognized. However, the genetic basis and the molecular control underlying apomixis and its evolutionary origin are to date not fully understood. Both in sexual and apomictic plants, reproduction is tightly controlled by versatile mechanisms regulating gene expression, translation, and protein abundance and activity. Increasing evidence suggests that interrelate

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Price, G. Dean, Dieter Sültemeyer, Barbara Klughammer, Martha Ludwig, and Murray R. Badger. "The functioning of the CO2 concentrating mechanism in several cyanobacterial strains: a review of general physiological characteristics, genes, proteins, and recent advances." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 973–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-081.

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Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) possess an environmental adaptation for survival at low CO2 concentrations. The adaptation is known as a CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM), and it functions to actively transport and accumulate inorganic carbon ( and CO2; Ci) within the cell and then uses this Ci pool to provide elevated CO2 concentrations around the primary CO2-fixing enzyme, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). It appears that the site of CO2 elevation is within a unique microcompartment known as the carboxysome, which is a proteinaceous polyhedral body that contains most, i

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Alejska, M., A. Kurzyńska-Kokorniak, M. Broda, R. Kierzek, and M. Figlerowicz. "How RNA viruses exchange their genetic material." Acta Biochimica Polonica 48, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2001_3924.

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One of the most unusual features of RNA viruses is their enormous genetic variability. Among the different processes contributing to the continuous generation of new viral variants RNA recombination is of special importance. This process has been observed for human, animal, plant and bacterial viruses. The collected data reveal a great susceptibility of RNA viruses to recombination. They also indicate that genetic RNA recombination (especially the nonhomologous one) is a major factor responsible for the emergence of new viral strains or species. Although the formation and accumulation of viral

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Bleecker, Anthony B., Jeffrey J. Esch, Anne E. Hall, Fernando I. Rodríguez, and Brad M. Binder. "The ethylene–receptor family from Arabidopsis : structure and function." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1374 (September 29, 1998): 1405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0295.

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The gaseous hormone ethylene regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. Ethylene is perceived by a family of high–affinity receptors typified by the ETR1 protein from Arabidopsis . The ETR1 gene codes for a protein, which contains a hydrophobic N–terminal domain that binds ethylene and a C–terminal domain that is related in sequence to histidine kinase–response regulator two–component signal transducers found in bacteria. A structural model for the ethylene binding domain is presented in which a Cu(I) ion is coordinated within membrane–spanning α–helices of the hydrophobic domain.

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Fernandes, Ticiana, Flávia Silva-Sousa, Fábio Pereira, Teresa Rito, Pedro Soares, Ricardo Franco-Duarte, and Maria João Sousa. "Biotechnological Importance of Torulaspora delbrueckii: From the Obscurity to the Spotlight." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090712.

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Torulaspora delbrueckii has attracted interest in recent years, especially due to its biotechnological potential, arising from its flavor- and aroma-enhancing properties when used in wine, beer or bread dough fermentation, as well as from its remarkable resistance to osmotic and freezing stresses. In the present review, genomic, biochemical, and phenotypic features of T. delbrueckii are described, comparing them with other species, particularly with the biotechnologically well-established yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We conclude about the aspects that make this yeast a promising biotechnol

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Onishi, Masayuki, and John R. Pringle. "Robust Transgene Expression from Bicistronic mRNA in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 6, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 4115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.033035.

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Abstract The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism that provides an opportunity to understand the evolution and functional biology of the lineage that includes the land plants, as well as aspects of the fundamental core biology conserved throughout the eukaryotic phylogeny. Although many tools are available to facilitate genetic, molecular biological, biochemical, and cell biological studies in Chlamydomonas, expression of unselected transgenes of interest (GOIs) has been challenging. In most methods used previously, the GOI and a selectable marker are expressed

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Trevaskis, Ben, Gillian Colebatch, Guilhem Desbrosses, Maren Wandrey, Stefanie Wienkoop, Gerhard Saalbach, and Michael Udvardi. "Differentiation of Plant Cells During Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation." Comparative and Functional Genomics 3, no. 2 (2002): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.155.

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Nitrogen-fixing symbioses between legumes and bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae involve differentiation of both plant and bacterial cells. Differentiation of plant root cells is required to build an organ, the nodule, which can feed and accommodate a large population of bacteria under conditions conducive to nitrogen fixation. An efficient vascular system is built to connect the nodule to the root, which delivers sugars and other nutrients to the nodule and removes the products of nitrogen fixation for use in the rest of the plant. Cells in the outer cortex differentiate to form a barrier to

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Pereira-Netto, Adaucto Bellarmino. "Genes involved in brassinosteroids's metabolism and signal transduction pathways." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 50, no. 4 (July 2007): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132007000400006.

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Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroids essential for the normal growth and development, which carry an oxygen moiety at C-3 and additional ones at one or more of the C-2, C-6, C-22 and C-23 carbon atoms. In the past few years, application of molecular genetics allowed significant progress on the understanding of the BRs biosynthetic pathway regulation and on the identification of several components of their signal transduction pathway, as well. Search in eletronic databases show dozens of records for brassinosteroid-related genes for the last twelve months, demonstrating the big efforts bei

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Zhang, Wei, Jun Huang, and David E. Cook. "Histone modification dynamics at H3K27 are associated with altered transcription of in planta induced genes in Magnaporthe oryzae." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): e1009376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009376.

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Transcriptional dynamic in response to environmental and developmental cues are fundamental to biology, yet many mechanistic aspects are poorly understood. One such example is fungal plant pathogens, which use secreted proteins and small molecules, termed effectors, to suppress host immunity and promote colonization. Effectors are highly expressedin plantabut remain transcriptionally repressedex planta, but our mechanistic understanding of these transcriptional dynamics remains limited. We tested the hypothesis that repressive histone modification at H3-Lys27 underlies transcriptional silencin

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