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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Plasmoids »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 28 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Plasmoids"

Christie, I. M., M. Petropoulou, L. Sironi et D. Giannios. « Interplasmoid Compton scattering and the Compton dominance of BL Lacs ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, n^o 1 (9 décembre 2019) : 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3265.

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ABSTRACT Blazar emission models based on magnetic reconnection succeed in reproducing many observed spectral and temporal features, including the short-duration luminous flaring events. Plasmoids, a self-consistent by-product of the tearing instability in the reconnection layer, can be the main source of blazar emission. Kinetic simulations of relativistic reconnection have demonstrated that plasmoids are characterized by rough energy equipartition between their radiating particles and magnetic fields. This is the main reason behind the apparent shortcoming of plasmoid-dominated emission models to explain the observed Compton ratios of BL Lac objects. Here, we demonstrate that the radiative interactions among plasmoids, which have been neglected so far, can assist in alleviating this contradiction. We show that photons emitted by large, slow-moving plasmoids can be a potentially important source of soft photons to be then upscattered, via inverse Compton, by small fast-moving, neighbouring plasmoids. This interplasmoid Compton scattering process can naturally occur throughout the reconnection layer, imprinting itself as an increase in the observed Compton ratios from those short and luminous plasmoid-powered flares within BL Lac sources, while maintaining energy equipartition between radiating particles and magnetic fields.

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Suzuki, Y., T. H. Watanabe, A. Kageyama, T. Sato et T. Hayashi. « Three-Dimensional Simulation Study of Plasmoid Injection into Magnetized Plasma ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998) : 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900114780.

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Resent observations suggest that, during solar flares, plasmoids are injected into the interplanetary medium (Stewart et al., 1982). It has also been pointed out that solar wind irregularities modeled as plasmoids are penetrated into the magnetosphere (Lemaire, 1977). These plasmoid injections are considered to be an important process because they transfer mass, momentum, and energy into such magnetized plasma regions. Our objective is to investigate the dynamics of a plasmoid, which is injected into a magnetized plasma region and to reveal mechanisms to transfer them. To achieve this, we carried out three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations.

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Honkonen, I., M. Palmroth, T. I. Pulkkinen, P. Janhunen et A. Aikio. « On large plasmoid formation in a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation ». Annales Geophysicae 29, n^o 1 (14 janvier 2011) : 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-167-2011.

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Abstract. We investigate plasmoid formation in the magnetotail using the global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation GUMICS-4. Here a plasmoid implies a major reconfiguration of the magnetotail where a part of the tail plasma sheet is ejected downstream, in contrast to small Earthward-propagating plasmoids. We define a plasmoid based solely on the structure of the closed (connected to the Earth at both ends) magnetic field line region. In this definition a plasmoid is partly separated from the ordinary closed field line region by lobe field lines or interplanetary field lines resulting from lobe reconnection. We simulate an event that occurred on 18 February 2004 during which four intensifications of the auroral electroject (AE) index occurred in 8 h. Plasmoids form in the simulation for two of the four AE intensifications. Each plasmoid forms as a result of two consecutive large and fast rotations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). In both cases the IMF rotates 180 degrees at 10 degrees per minute, first from southward to northward and some 15 min later from northward to southward. The other two AE intencifications however are not associated with a plasmoid formation. A plasmoid does not form if either the IMF rotation speed or the angular change of the rotation are small. We also present an operational definition for these fully connected plasmoids that enables their automatic detection in simulations. Finally, we show mappings of the plasmoid footpoints in the ionosphere, where they perturb the polar cap boundary in both hemispheres.

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Patel, Ritesh, Vaibhav Pant, Kalugodu Chandrashekhar et Dipankar Banerjee. « A statistical study of plasmoids associated with a post-CME current sheet ». Astronomy & ; Astrophysics 644 (décembre 2020) : A158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039000.

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Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are often observed to be accompanied by flare, current sheets, and plasmoids/plasma blobs. 2D and 3D numerical simulations and observations reported plasmoids moving upward as well as downward along the current sheet. Aims. We aim to investigate the properties of plasmoids observed in the current sheet formed after an X-8.3 flare and followed by a fast CME eruption on September 10, 2017 using extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and white-light coronagraph images. The main goal is to understand the evolution of plasmoids in different spatio-temporal scales using existing ground- and space-based instruments. Methods. We identified the plasmoids manually and tracked them along the current sheet in the successive images of Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) taken at the 131 Å pass band and in running difference images of the white-light coronagraphs, K-Cor and LASCO/C2. The location and size of the plasmoids in each image were recorded and analyzed, covering the current sheet from the inner to outer corona. Results. We find that the observed current sheet has an Alfvén Mach number of 0.018−0.35. The fast reconnection is also accompanied by plasmoids moving upward and downward. We identified 20 downward-moving and 16 upward-moving plasmoids using AIA 131 Å images. In white-light coronagraph images, only upward-moving plasmoids are observed. Our analysis shows that the downward-moving plasmoids have an average width of 5.92 Mm, whereas upward-moving blobs have an average size of 5.65 Mm in the AIA field of view (FOV). The upward-moving plasmoids, when observed in the white-light images, have an average width of 64 Mm in the K-Cor, which evolves to a mean width of 510 Mm in the LASCO/C2 FOV. Upon tracking the plasmoids in successive images, we find that downward- and upward-moving plasmoids have average speeds of ∼272 km s−1 and ∼191 km s−1, respectively in the EUV channels of observation. The average speed of plasmoids increases to ∼671 km s−1 and ∼1080 km s−1 in the K-Cor and LASCO/C2 FOVs, respectively, implying that the plasmoids become super-Alfvénic when they propagate outward. The downward-moving plasmoids show an acceleration in the range of −11 km s−1 to over 8 km s−1. We also find that the null point of the current sheet is located at ≈1.15 R⊙, where bidirectional plasmoid motion is observed. Conclusions. The width distribution of plasmoids formed during the reconnection process is governed by a power law with an index of −1.12. Unlike previous studies, there is no difference in trend for small- and large-scale plasmoids. The evolution of width W of the plasmoids moving at an average speed V along the current sheet is governed by an empirical relation: V = 115.69W0.37. The presence of accelerating plasmoids near the neutral point indicates a longer diffusion region as predicted by MHD models.

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Lemaire, J. « Plasmoid motion across a tangential discontinuity (with application to the magnetopause) ». Journal of Plasma Physics 33, n^o 3 (juin 1985) : 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800002592.

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The motion of a plasmoid (plasma-field entity) across an inhomogeneous magnetic field distribution of which the direction and strength change along the penetration trajectory has been studied. The bulk velocity decreases when the plasma element penetrates into a region of increasing magnetic field. The critical magnetic field intensity where a plasmoid is stopped or deflected is found to be the same critical field as that which has been observed in laboratory experiments for a non-rotating B-field distribution. The polarization electric field induced inside a moving plasma element has been determined for both low-β and high-β plasmoids. The momentum density vector of a plasmoid is deflected in the – B × ∇B and – B × (B. ∇)B directions as it penetrates into an inhomogeneous B-field distribution. This kinetic model has been applied to the impulsive penetration of solar wind plasma irregularities impinging on the earth's geomagnetic field with an excess momentum density. As a consequence of impulsive penetration, a plasma boundary layer is formed where the intruding plasmoids are deflected eastward. Magnetospheric plasma is dragged in the direction parallel to the flanks of the average magnetopause surface. Diamagnetic effects of these impulsively penetrating plasmoids into the magnetosphere are also briefly discussed.

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Cerutti, Benoît, et Gwenael Giacinti. « Formation of giant plasmoids at the pulsar wind termination shock : A possible origin of the inner-ring knots in the Crab Nebula ». Astronomy & ; Astrophysics 656 (décembre 2021) : A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142178.

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Context. Nearby pulsar wind nebulae exhibit complex morphological features: jets, torus, arcs, and knots. These structures are well captured and understood in the scope of global magnetohydrodynamic models. However, the origin of knots in the inner radius of the Crab Nebula remains elusive. Aims. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of the shock front and downstream flow with a special emphasis on the reconnecting equatorial current sheet. We examine whether giant plasmoids produced in the reconnection process could be good candidates for the knots. Methods. To this end, we perform large semi-global three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in a spherical geometry. The hierarchical merging plasmoid model is used to extrapolate numerical results to pulsar wind nebula scales. Results. The shocked material collapses into the midplane, forming and feeding a large-scale, but thin, ring-like current layer. The sheet breaks up into a dynamical chain of merging plasmoids, reminiscent of three-dimensional reconnection. Plasmoids grow to a macroscopic size. The final number of plasmoids predicted is solely governed by the inverse of the dimensionless reconnection rate. Conclusions. The formation of giant plasmoids is a robust feature of pulsar wind termination shocks. They provide a natural explanation for the inner-ring knots in the Crab Nebula, provided that the nebula is highly magnetized.

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Markidis, S., P. Henri, G. Lapenta, A. Divin, M. V. Goldman, D. Newman et S. Eriksson. « Collisionless magnetic reconnection in a plasmoid chain ». Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 19, n^o 1 (27 février 2012) : 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-145-2012.

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Abstract. The kinetic features of plasmoid chain formation and evolution are investigated by two dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulations. Magnetic reconnection is initiated in multiple X points by the tearing instability. Plasmoids form and grow in size by continuously coalescing. Each chain plasmoid exhibits a strong out-of plane core magnetic field and an out-of-plane electron current that drives the coalescing process. The disappearance of the X points in the coalescence process are due to anti-reconnection, a magnetic reconnection where the plasma inflow and outflow are reversed with respect to the original reconnection flow pattern. Anti-reconnection is characterized by the Hall magnetic field quadrupole signature. Two new kinetic features, not reported by previous studies of plasmoid chain evolution, are here revealed. First, intense electric fields develop in-plane normally to the separatrices and drive the ion dynamics in the plasmoids. Second, several bipolar electric field structures are localized in proximity of the plasmoid chain. The analysis of the electron distribution function and phase space reveals the presence of counter-streaming electron beams, unstable to the two stream instability, and phase space electron holes along the reconnection separatrices.

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Dubowsky, Scott E., Amber N. Rose, Nick G. Glumac et Benjamin J. McCall. « Electrical Properties of Reversed-Polarity Ball Plasmoid Discharges ». Plasma 3, n^o 3 (29 juin 2020) : 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma3030008.

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Ball plasmoid discharges are a unique type of atmospheric-pressure plasma discharge with a lifetime on the order of a hundred milliseconds without attachment to a power source. These discharges are generated by a moderate current pulse over the surface of an aqueous electrolyte, and some consider the spherical plasmoid that results to bear some resemblance to ball lightning. This article presents the first analysis of the electrical properties of ball plasmoid discharges in a reversed-polarity configuration, i.e., with the central electrode serving as the anode rather than as the cathode. These experiments demonstrate that ball plasmoids can indeed be generated with either electrode polarity with similar observable properties. These results are contrary to what has previously been discussed in the literature and raise additional questions regarding formation mechanisms of ball plasmoids. Analysis of images and electrical measurements collected at various discharge energies show that two distinct processes occur during discharges with our circuitry and in this reversed-polarity configuration: the formation of spark channels between the anode and electrolyte, and the generation of streamers and a jet from the surface of the anode.

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Dvornikov, M. « Stable Langmuir solitons in plasma with diatomic ions ». Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 20, n^o 4 (13 août 2013) : 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-581-2013.

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Abstract. We study stable axially and spherically symmetric spatial solitons in plasma with diatomic ions. The stability of a soliton against collapse is provided by the interaction of induced electric dipole moments of ions with the rapidly oscillating electric field of a plasmoid. We derive the new cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which governs the soliton dynamics and numerically solve it. Then we discuss the possibility of implementation of such plasmoids in realistic atmospheric plasma. In particular, we suggest that spherically symmetric Langmuir solitons, described in the present work, can be excited at the formation stage of long-lived atmospheric plasma structures. The implication of our model for the interpretation of the results of experiments for the plasmoids generation is discussed.

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Nathanail, Antonios, Christian M. Fromm, Oliver Porth, Hector Olivares, Ziri Younsi, Yosuke Mizuno et Luciano Rezzolla. « Plasmoid formation in global GRMHD simulations and AGN flares ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, n^o 2 (23 mai 2020) : 1549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1165.

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ABSTRACT One of the main dissipation processes acting on all scales in relativistic jets is thought to be governed by magnetic reconnection. Such dissipation processes have been studied in idealized environments, such as reconnection layers, which evolve in merging islands and lead to the production of ‘plasmoids’, ultimately resulting in efficient particle acceleration. In accretion flows on to black holes, reconnection layers can be developed and destroyed rapidly during the turbulent evolution of the flow. We present a series of two-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of tori accreting on to rotating black holes focusing our attention on the formation and evolution of current sheets. Initially, the tori are endowed with a poloidal magnetic field having a multiloop structure along the radial direction and with an alternating polarity. During reconnection processes, plasmoids and plasmoid chains are developed leading to a flaring activity and hence to a variable electromagnetic luminosity. We describe the methods developed to track automatically the plasmoids that are generated and ejected during the simulation, contrasting the behaviour of multiloop initial data with that encountered in typical simulations of accreting black holes having initial dipolar field composed of one loop only. Finally, we discuss the implications that our results have on the variability to be expected in accreting supermassive black holes.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Plasmoids"

Berger, T., J. Konheiser, A. V. Anikeev, V. V. Prikhodko, P. A. Bagryansky, E. Yu Kolesnikov, E. I. Soldatkina, Yu A. Tsidulko, K. Noack et A. A. Lizunov. « Study of high temperature and high density plasmoids in axially symmetrical magnetic fields ». Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-27870.

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Within the framework of an Institutional Partnership of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novisibirsk (BINP) and Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf worked together in a joint project devoted to the research at the coupled GDT-SHIP facility of the BINP with the focus on the study of plasma phenomena within the SHIP mirror section. The project began at July 1st, 2005 and ended on August 30th, 2008. It included work packages of significant theoretical, computational and analyzing investigations. The focus of this final report is on the presentation of results achieved whereas the work that was done is described briefly only. Chapter 2 illustrates the GDT-SHIP facility and describes shortly the planned topics of the SHIP plasma research. Chapter 3 explains the main extensions and modifications of the Integrated Transport Code System (ITCS) which were necessary for the calculations of the fast ion and neutral gas particle fields in SHIP, describes briefly the scheme of computations and presents significant results of pre-calculations from which conclusions were drawn regarding the experimental program of SHIP. In chapter 4, the theoretical and computational investigations of self-organizing processes in two-component plasmas of the GDT-SHIP device are explained and the results hitherto achieved are presented. In chapter 5, significant results of several experiments with moderate and with enhanced plasma parameters are presented and compared with computational results obtained with the ITCS. Preparing neutron measurements which are planned for neutron producing experiments with deuterium injection, Monte Carlo neutron transport calculations with the MCNP code were also carried out. The results are presented. Finally, from the results obtained within the joint research project important conclusions are drawn in chapter 6.

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Berger, T., J. Konheiser, A. V. Anikeev, V. V. Prikhodko, P. A. Bagryansky, E. Yu Kolesnikov, E. I. Soldatkina, Yu A. Tsidulko, K. Noack et A. A. Lizunov. « Study of high temperature and high density plasmoids in axially symmetrical magnetic fields ». Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2009. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21614.

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Granier, Camille. « Nouveaux développements sur la théorie des instabilités des feuilles de courant dans les plasmas non-collisionels ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4109.

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La reconnexion magnétique est une modification de la topologie du champ magnétique, responsable de la libération explosive d'énergie magnétique dans les plasmas astrophysiques, comme dans le cas des orages magnétosphériques et des éjections de masse coronale, ainsi que dans les plasmas de laboratoire, comme dans le cas des crashs en dents de scie dans les tokamaks. Dans les plasmas sans collisions comme, par exemple, la magnétosphère et le vent solaire, l'inertie des électrons devient particulièrement pertinente pour provoquer la reconnexion dans les régions de courant localisé intense, appelées feuilles de courant. Dans ces environnements non collisionnels, la température peut souvent être anisotrope et les effets à l'échelle électronique sur le processus de reconnexion peuvent devenir non négligeables.Dans cette thèse, la stabilité des feuilles de courant bidimensionnelles dans des plasmas sans collisions avec un fort champ guide est analysée sur la base de modèles gyrofluides assumant des ions froids. Ces modèles peuvent prendre en compte une anisotropie de température d'équilibre, et un βe fini. Ce dernier est un paramètre correspondant au rapport entre la pression cinétique électronique d'équilibre et la pression magnétique.Nous dérivons et analysons une relation de dispersion pour le taux de croissance des modes tearing sans collisions tenant compte de l'anisotropie de la température d'équilibre des électrons. Les prédictions analytiques sont testées par des simulations numériques, montrant un très bon accord quantitatif.Dans le cas isotrope, en tenant compte des effets βe finis, nous observons une stabilisation du taux de croissance du mode tearing lorsque les effets du rayon de Larmor fini des électrons deviennent pertinents. Dans la phase non linéaire, des phases de ralentissement et des phases d'accélération sont observées, de manière similaire à ce qui se produit en présence d'effets de rayon de Larmor fini ionique.Nous étudions également les conditions de stabilité marginale des feuilles de courant secondaires, pour le développement de plasmoïdes, dans des plasmas sans collisions. Dans le régime isotrope βe → 0, nous analysons la géométrie qui caractérise le feuillet de courant, et identifions les conditions pour lesquelles elle devient instable à l'instabilité plasmoïde. Notre étude montre que des plasmoïdes peuvent être obtenus, dans ce contexte, à partir de feuille de courants aillant un rapport d'aspect beaucoup plus petit que dans le régime collisionnel. De plus, nous étudions la formation de plasmoïdes en comparant les simulations gyrofluides et gyrocinétiques.Ceci a permis de montrer que l'effet de βe favorise l'instabilité plasmoïde. Enfin, nous étudions l'impact de la fermeture appliquée sur les moments, effectuée lors de la dérivation du modèle gyrofluide, sur la distribution et la conversion de l'énergie lors de la reconnexion
Magnetic reconnection is a change of topology of the magnetic field, responsible for explosive release of magnetic energy in astrophysical plasmas, as in the case of magnetospheric substorms and coronal mass ejections, as well as in laboratory plasmas, which is the case of sawtooth crashes in tokamaks. In collisionless plasmas as, for instance, the magnetosphere and the solar wind, electron inertia becomes particularly relevant to drive reconnection at regions of intense localized current, denoted as current sheets. In these non-collisional environments, the temperature can often be anisotropic and effects at the electron scale on the reconnection process can become non-negligible.In this thesis, the stability of two-dimensional current sheets, with respect to reconnecting perturbations, in collisionless plasmas with a strong guide field is analysed on the basis of gyrofluid models assuming cold ions. These models can take into account an equilibrium temperature anisotropy,and a finite βe, a parameter corresponding to the ratio between equilibrium electron kinetic pressure and magnetic pressure.We derive and analyze a dispersion relation for the growth rate of collisionless tearing modes accounting for equilibrium electron temperature anisotropy. The analytical predictions are tested against numerical simulations, showing a very good quantitative agreement.In the isotropic case, accounting for finite βe effects, we observe a stabilization of the tearing growth rate when electron finite Larmor radius effects become relevant. In the nonlinear phase, stall phases and faster than exponential phases are observed, similarly to what occurs in the presence of ion finite Larmor radius effects.We also investigate the marginal stability conditions of secondary current sheets, for the development of plasmoids, in collisionless plasmas. In the isotropic βe → 0 regime, we analyze the geometry that characterizes the reconnecting current sheet, and identify the conditions for which it is plasmoid unstable. Our study shows that plasmoids can be obtained, in this context, from current sheets with an aspect ratio much smaller than in the collisional regime. Furthermore, we investigate the plasmoid formation comparing gyrofluid and gyrokinetic simulations.This made it possible to show that the effect of finite βe, promotes the plasmoid instability. Finally, we study the impact of the closure applied on the moments, performed during the derivation of the gyrofluid model, on the distribution and conversion of energy during reconnection
La riconnessione magnetica è un cambiamento nella topologia delcampo magnetico, responsabile del rilascio esplosivo di energia magnetica nei plasmiastrofisici, come nelle tempeste magnetosferiche e nelle espulsioni di massa coronale,nonché nei plasmi di laboratorio, come nel caso delle oscillazioni a dente di sega neitokamak. Nei plasmi non-collisionali come, ad esempio, la magnetosfera e il vento solare,l’inerzia elettronica diventa particolarmente efficace nel causare la riconnessionein regioni di corrente intensa e localizzata, detti strati di corrente. In tali plasmi noncollisionali,la temperatura può essere spesso anisotropa e gli effetti su scala elettronicasul processo di riconnessione possono diventare non trascurabili.In questa tesi, viene analizzata la stabilità di strati di corrente bidimensionali inplasmi non-collisionali con un forte campo guida, sulla base di modelli girofluidi cheassumono ioni freddi. Questi modelli possono tenere conto di un’anisotropia di temperaturadi equilibrio e di un βe finito. Quest’ultimo è un parametro corrispondente alrapporto tra la pressione cinetica elettronica di equilibrio e la pressione magnetica.Deriviamo e analizziamo una relazione di dispersione per il tasso di crescita dei moditearing non-collisionali tenendo conto dell’anisotropia della temperatura di equilibriodegli elettroni. Le previsioni analitiche sono verificate mediante simulazioni numeriche,che mostrano un ottimo accordo quantitativo. Nel caso isotropico, tenendoconto degli effetti di βe finito, si osserva una stabilizzazione del tasso di crescita delmodo tearing quando diventano rilevanti gli effetti del raggio finito di Larmor deglielettroni. Nella fase non lineare si osservano fasi di decelerazione e fasi di accelerazione,simili a quanto avviene in presenza di effetti del raggio di Larmor finito ionico.Studiamo anche le condizioni di stabilità marginale degli strati di corrente secondaria,per lo sviluppo di plasmoidi, in plasmi senza collisioni. Nel regime isotropicocon βe → 0, analizziamo la geometria che caratterizza lo strato di corrente e identifichiamole condizioni in cui esso diventa instabile a causa di un’instabilità che generaplasmoidi. Il nostro studio mostra che i plasmoidi possono essere ottenuti, in questocontesto, da strati di corrente aventi un rapporto d’aspetto molto più piccolo rispettoal regime collisionale. Inoltre, studiamo la formazione di plasmoidi confrontando simulazionigirofluidi e girocinetiche. Ciò ha permesso di dimostrare che l’effetto di βe promuove l’instabilità che genera plasmoidi. Infine, si studia l’impatto della chiusuraapplicata ai momenti, eseguita durante la derivazione del modello girofluido, sulla distribuzionee conversione dell’energia durante la riconnessione

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Hörbe, Mario Robert [Verfasser], Julia [Gutachter] Tjus et Garret [Gutachter] Cotter. « High-energy particle emission from plasmoids in jets of active galactic nuclei / Mario Robert Hörbe ; Gutachter : Julia Tjus, Garret Cotter ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie ». Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1233484176/34.

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Lin, Ling. « Optical Manipulation Using Planar/Patterned Metallo-dielectric Multilayer Structures ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1249.

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Tailoring surface plasmon (SP) resonances using metallic nanostructures for optical manipulation has been widely investigated in recent years; and there are many puzzles yet to be solved in this relatively new area. This thesis covers the study of the interaction of light with SP-supporting planar/patterned metallo-dielectric multilayer structures. Two separate, but closely related subjects were investigated using such structures, which are: SP-assisted optical transmission and optical metamaterials. The physical mechanisms of the SP-assisted transmission phenomenon were studied using planar/grating and planar/hole-array multilayer structures. Extraordinary light transmission has been demonstrated through experimental work and simulations for both arrangements; and the effects of different structural parameters on the transmission efficiencies of the structures were analyzed systematically. The interplays of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) phenomenon were identified. The potential of the planar/hole-array multilayer structures as optical magnetic metamaterials was evaluated using two independent electromagnetic simulation techniques. The ability of such structures to produce strong magnetic resonances from infrared down to visible side of spectrum was revealed. The methods of tuning the magnetic response of the structures were suggested. A novel design of optical metamaterial based on high-order multipolar resonances in a single-layer plasmonic structure was also proposed. Numerical results from two different computation methods indicate that a simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability can be achieved in such a structure.

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Kurth, Martin L. « Plasmonic nanofocusing and guiding structures for nano-optical sensor technology ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118670/1/Martin_Kurth_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated factors affecting the sensitivity of nano-optical sensors that could be used for the detection of trace amounts of explosives and environmental pollutants in air. By delivering air to regions of enhanced electric field produced by metallic nanostructures, as well as using structures that localise and guide light at nanoscale levels, detection limits can be reduced.

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Constant, Thomas J. « Optical excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on novel bigratings ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9001.

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This thesis details original experimental investigations in to the interaction of light with the mobile electrons at the surface of metallic diffraction gratings. The gratings used in this work to support the resultant trapped surface waves (surface plasmon polaritons), may be divided into two classes: ‘crossed’ bigratings and ‘zigzag’ gratings. Crossed bigratings are composed of two diffraction gratings formed of periodic grooves in a metal surface, which are crossed at an angle relative to one another. While crossed bigratings have been studied previously, this work focuses on symmetries which have received comparatively little attention in the literature. The gratings explored in this work possesses two different underlying Bravais lattices: rectangular and oblique. Control over the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) dispersion on a rectangular bigrating is demonstrated by the deepening of one of the two constituent gratings. The resulting change in the diffraction efficiency of the surface waves leads to large SPP band-gaps in one direction across the grating, leaving the SPP propagation in the orthogonal direction largely unperturbed. This provides a mechanism to design surfaces that support highly anisotropic propagation of SPPs. SPPs on the oblique grating are found to mediate polarisation conversion of the incident light field. Additionally, the SPP band-gaps that form on such a surface are shown to not necessarily occur at the Brillouin Zone boundaries of this lattice, as the BZ boundary for an oblique lattice is not a continuous contour of high-symmetry points. The second class of diffraction grating investigated in this thesis is the new zigzag grating geometry. This grating is formed of sub-wavelength (non-diffracting) grooves that are ‘zigzagged’ along their length to provide a diffractive periodicity for visible frequency radiation. The excitation and propagation of SPPs on such gratings is investigated and found to be highly polarisation selective. The first type of zigzag grating investigated possesses a single mirror plane. SPP excitation to found to be dependant on which diffracted order of SPP is under polarised illumination. The formation of SPP band-gaps is also investigated, finding that the band-gap at the first Brillouin Zone boundary is forbidden by the grating’s symmetry. The final grating considered is a zigzag grating which possesses no mirror symmetry. Using this grating, it is demonstrated that any polarisation of incident light may resonantly drive the same SPP modes. SPP propagation on this grating is found to be forbidden in all directions for a range of frequencies, forming a full SPP band-gap.

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Loiselet, Ophelliam. « Synthèse et caractérisation d’agrégats bimétalliques pour la magnéto-plasmonique ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1033/document.

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Depuis plusieurs années les physiciens de la matière condensée s'intéressent aux propriétés optiques et magnétiques des nanoparticules métalliques. Deux propriétés restent largement étudiées : les résonances plasmon localisées et l'anisotropie magnétique à l'échelle nanométrique. Ces deux effets résultant de propriétés électroniques bien différentes sont habituellement rencontrés dans des nanosystèmes distincts. Depuis les années 2000 des études ont montré qu'il était possible de bénéficier de ces deux caractéristiques dans un seul et même système nanométrique. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéresserons à la combinaison des propriétés magnétiques et plasmoniques dans des systèmes de taille inférieure à la dizaine de nanomètres: les agrégats bimétalliques de CoAg et de CoAu synthétisés par voie physique sous ultravide encapsulés en matrice (alumine et carbone). Nous nous intéresserons à la structure de ces agrégats bimétalliques de différentes stœchiométries et à l'effet de leur environnement à travers l'étude de leurs propriétés optiques, magnétiques et électroniques (par spectroscopie électronique par perte d'énergie (EELS) sur des particules individuelles). Nous montrerons l'effet de la matrice, carbone ou alumine, sur la structure des agrégats ainsi que sur leurs propriétés magnétiques (moment par agrégat, anisotropie). En optique nous verrons également l'importance de la stœchiométrie entre métal noble et cobalt sur les phénomènes d'amortissement et de décalage de résonance plasmon. Enfin nous montrerons la répartition spatiale des plasmons de surface sur des particules unique par des mesures de STEM-EELS
For several years condensed matter physicists have been interested in the optical and magnetic properties of metallic nanoparticles. Two properties remain largely studied: localized plasmon resonances and magnetic anisotropy at the nanoscale. These two effects resulting from very different electronic properties which are usually encountered in separate nanosystems. Since the 2000's, studies have shown that it is possible to benefit from these two characteristics in a single nanometric system. In this thesis, we will focus on the combination of magnetic and plasmonic properties in systems of size less than ten nanometers: bimetallic clusters of CoAg and CoAu synthesized physically under ultrahigh vacuum and embedded in a matrix (alumina and carbon). We will study the structure of these bimetallic clusters of different stoichiometries and the effect of their environment through the investigation of their optical, magnetic and electronic properties (by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) on individual particles ). We will show the effect of the matrix, carbon or alumina, on the structure of the clusters as well as on their magnetic properties (moment by cluster, anisotropy). In optics we will also see the importance of stoichiometry between noble metal and cobalt on the phenomena of the damping and shifting of the plasmon resonance. Finally we will show the spatial distribution of surface plasmons on single particles by STEM-EELS measurements

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Nagaraj, Nagaraj. « Effects of Dissipation on Propagation of Surface Electromagnetic and Acoustic Waves ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115126/.

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With the recent emergence of the field of metamaterials, the study of subwavelength propagation of plane waves and the dissipation of their energy either in the form of Joule losses in the case of electomagnetic waves or in the form of viscous dissipation in the case of acoustic waves in different interfaced media assumes great importance. with this motivation, I have worked on problems in two different areas, viz., plasmonics and surface acoustics. the first part (chapters 2 & 3) of the dissertation deals with the emerging field of plasmonics. Researchers have come up with various designs in an efort to fabricate efficient plasmonic waveguides capable of guiding plasmonic signals. However, the inherent dissipation in the form of Joule losses limits efficient usage of surface plasmon signal. a dielectric-metal-¬dielectric planar structure is one of the most practical plasmonic structures that can serve as an efficient waveguide to guide electromagnetic waves along the metal-dielectric boundary. I present here a theoretical study of propagation of surface plasmons along a symmetric dielectric-metal-dielectric structure and show how proper orientation of the optical axis of the anisotropic substrate enhances the propagation length. an equation for propagation length is derived in a wide range of frequencies. I also show how the frequency of coupled surface plasmons can be modulated by changing the thickness of the metal film. I propose a Kronig-Penny model for the plasmonic crystal, which in the long wavelength limit, may serve as a homogeneous dielectric substrate with high anisotropy which do not exist for natural optical crystals. in the second part (chapters 4 & 5) of the dissertation, I discuss an interesting effect of extraordinary absorption of acoustic energy due to resonant excitation of Rayleigh waves in a narrow water channel clad between two metal plates. Starting from the elastic properties of the metal plates, I derive a dispersion equation that gives resonant frequencies, which coincide with those observed in the experiment that was performed by Wave Phenomena Group at Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. Two eigenmodes with different polarizations and phase velocities are obtained from the dispersion equation. at certain critical aperture of the channel, an interesting cutoff effect, which is unusual for an acoustic wave, is observed for one of the eigenmodes with symmetric distribution of the pressure field. the theoretical prediction of the coupling and synchronization of Rayleigh waves strongly supports the experimentally measured shift of the resonant frequencies in the transmission spectra with channel aperture. the observed high level of absorption may find applications in designing metamaterial acoustic absorbers.

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Hettiarachchige, Chamanei Sandamali P. « The interaction of quantum dots with plasmons supported by metal waveguides ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92278/1/Chamanei%20Sandamali_Hettiarachchige_Thesis.pdf.

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Plasmonics is a recently emerged technology that enables the compression of electromagnetic waves into miniscule metallic structures, thus enabling the focusing and routing of light on the nanoscale. Plasmonic waveguides can be used to miniaturise the size of integrated chip circuits while increasing the data transmission speed. Plasmonic waveguides are used to route the plasmons around a circuit and are a major focus of this thesis. Also, plasmons are highly sensitive to the surrounding dielectric environment. Using this property we have experimentally realised a refractive index sensor to detect refractive index change in solutions.

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Livres sur le sujet "Plasmoids"

Enoch, Stefan, et Nicolas Bonod, dir. Plasmonics. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28079-5.

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Fritzsche, Wolfgang, et Marc Lamy de la Chapelle, dir. Molecular Plasmonics. Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527649686.

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Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I., Luis Martin-Moreno et Francisco Garcia-Vidal, dir. Quantum Plasmonics. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45820-5.

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Gric, Tatjana. Spoof Plasmons. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02023-0.

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Fedeli, Luca. High Field Plasmonics. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44290-7.

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Becker, Jan. Plasmons as Sensors. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31241-0.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, dir. Plasmons as Sensors. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Tanabe, Katsuaki. Plasmonics for Hydrogen Energy. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88275-4.

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Geddes, Chris D., dir. Reviews in Plasmonics 2016. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48081-7.

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Geddes, Chris D., dir. Reviews in Plasmonics 2017. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18834-4.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Plasmoids"

Moynihan, Matthew, et Alfred B. Bortz. « Plasmoids ». Dans Fusion's Promise, 153–74. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22906-0_7.

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Klimov, A. I. « Vortex Plasmoids Created by High-Frequency Discharges ». Dans The Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 251–73. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2914-8_6.

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Moldwin, Mark B., et W. J. Hughes. « A 2½-dimensional magnetic field model of plasmoids ». Dans Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes, 663–68. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm058p0663.

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Hesse, Michael, et Joachim Birn. « Progress in the Study of Three-Dimensional Plasmoids ». Dans Geophysical Monograph Series, 55–70. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm062p0055.

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Scholer, M., et R. F. Lottermoser. « Hybrid Simulations of Magnetotail Reconnection : Plasmoids, the Post-Plasmoid Plasma Sheet, and Slow Mode Shocks ». Dans Substorms-4, 467–72. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4798-9_97.

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Rocca, Mario. « Surface Plasmons and Plasmonics ». Dans Springer Handbook of Surface Science, 531–56. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46906-1_18.

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Karlický, Marian, et Miroslav Bárta. « Plasmoids in Solar Flares and Their Radio and X-ray Signatures ». Dans Multi-scale Dynamical Processes in Space and Astrophysical Plasmas, 49–59. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30442-2_6.

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Mukai, T., T. Yamamoto et S. Machida. « Dynamics and Kinetic Properties of Plasmoids and Flux Ropes : GEOTAIL Observations ». Dans New Perspectives on the Earth's Magnetotail, 117–37. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm105p0117.

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Kumar Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev, Santosh Kumar et Yadvendra Singh. « Introduction of Plasmons and Plasmonics ». Dans 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 1–40. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-1.

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Mullan, D. J. « Coronal Heating by Nanoflares : Possible Evidence of Plasmoids in Radio Occultation Data ». Dans Mechanisms of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating, 637–39. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87455-0_107.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Plasmoids"

Kadish, A., R. A. Nebel, W. R. Shanahan et P. Rosenau. « Plasmoids For Exoatmospheric Propagation ». Dans 1988 Los Angeles Symposium--O-E/LASE '88, sous la direction de Norman Rostoker. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.965106.

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Popov, G., M. Orlov, N. Antropov, L. Gomilka, G. Diakonov, I. Krivonosov, G. Popov et al. « Parameters of plasmoids injected by PPT ». Dans 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2921.

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Christie, Ian, Maria Petropoulou, Lorenzo Sironi et Dimitrios Giannios. « Blazar Variability from Plasmoids in Relativistic Reconnection ». Dans 7th International Fermi Symposium. Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.312.0040.

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Noack, S., A. Versteegh, B. Jüttner, G. Fussmann, Hans-Jürgen Hartfuss, Michel Dudeck, Jozef Musielok et Marek J. Sadowski. « Analysis of Long-living Plasmoids at Atmospheric Pressure ». Dans PLASMA 2007 : International Conference on Research and Applications of Plasmas ; 4th German-Polish Conference on Plasma Diagnostics for Fusion and Applications ; 6th French-Polish Seminar on Thermal Plasma in Space and Laboratory. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2909094.

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Mullan, D. J. « Acceleration of the solar wind : effects of plasmoids ». Dans Scientific basis for robotic exploration close to the sun. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51745.

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Yun-Tung Lau et John M. Finn. « Three-dimensional kinematic reconnection of plasmoids with nulls ». Dans Electromechanical Coupling of the Solar Atmosphere. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42878.

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Fedun, Victor. « OBTAINING OF VORTEX PLASMOIDS USING A PULSED ELECTROTHERMAL ACCELERATOR ». Dans WISSENSCHAFTLICHE ERGEBNISSE UND ERRUNGENSCHAFTEN : 2020. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/25.12.2020.v2.01.

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Kossyi, Igor, N. Berezhetskaya, S. Gritsinin, V. Kop'ev, Valerii Silakov, Natalya Tarasova et David Wie. « Long-Lived Plasmoids as Initiators of Combustion in Gas Mixtures ». Dans 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-836.

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Slough, John. « Nuclear Propulsion based on Inductively Driven Liner Compression of Fusion Plasmoids ». Dans 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-961.

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Yang, Liping, Lei Zhang, Jiansen He, Hardi Peter, Chuanyi Tu, Linghua Wang et Xueshang Feng. « Excitation of magnetohydrodynamic waves by plasmoids ejection in the solar corona ». Dans VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES” : From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4943833.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Plasmoids"

Samtaney, R., N. F. Loureiro, D. A. Uzdensky, A. A. Schekochihin et S. C. Cowley. Formation of Plasmoid Chains in Magnetic Reconnection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/965277.

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Hasselbeck, M. P., L. A. Schlie et D. Stalnaker. Coherent Plasmons in InSb. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430825.

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Atwater, Harry A. Active Plasmonics, Option 3 Report. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mars 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada528631.

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Chang, A. Plasmonics-Enhanced Photocatalysis for Water Decontamination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octobre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1573141.

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Intrator, Thomas P. Magnetized shock studies for astrophysics using a plasmoid accelerator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1090687.

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Campbell, M. M., R. M. Clark et M. A. Mostrom. Simulation and theory of radial equilibrium of plasmoid propagation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6607601.

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Brandenburg, John, Gary Warren et Richard Worl. The Theory and Simulation of Plasmoid Formation and Propagation. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada222048.

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Babicheva, Viktoriia. Emerging Materials for Plasmonics, Metamaterials and Metasurfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561108.

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Carpenter, Michael. Plasmonics Based Harsh Environment Compatible Chemical Sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1051510.

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Berezhiani, V. I., et S. M. Mahajan. Beat-wave generation of plasmons in semiconductor plasmas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/108115.

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