Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Pneumonia; Meningitis »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Pneumonia; Meningitis"
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Dondo, Vongai, Hilda Mujuru, Kusum Nathoo, Vengai Jacha, Ottias Tapfumanei, Priscilla Chirisa, Portia Manangazira et al. « Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Impact on Meningitis and Pneumonia Among Children Aged <5 Years—Zimbabwe, 2010–2016 ». Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_2 (5 septembre 2019) : S72—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz462.
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Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis in children aged <5 years. Zimbabwe introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2012 using a 3-dose infant schedule with no booster dose or catch-up campaign. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on pediatric pneumonia and meningitis. Methods We examined annual changes in the proportion of hospitalizations due to pneumonia and meningitis among children aged <5 years at Harare Central Hospital (HCH) pre-PCV13 (January 2010–June 2012) and post-PCV13 (July 2013–December 2016) using a negative binomial regression model, adjusting for seasonality. We also evaluated post-PCV13 changes in serotype distribution among children with confirmed pneumococcal meningitis at HCH and acute respiratory infection (ARI) trends using Ministry of Health outpatient data. Results Pneumonia hospitalizations among children aged <5 years steadily declined pre-PCV13; no significant change in annual decline was observed post-PCV13. Post-PCV13 introduction, meningitis hospitalization decreased 30% annually (95% confidence interval [CI], –42, –14) among children aged 12–59 months, and no change was observed among children aged 0–11 months. Pneumococcal meningitis caused by PCV13 serotypes decreased from 100% in 2011 to 50% in 2016. Annual severe and moderate outpatient ARI decreased by 30% (95% CI, –33, –26) and 7% (95% CI, –11, –2), respectively, post-PCV13 introduction. Conclusions We observed declines in pediatric meningitis hospitalizations, PCV13-type pneumococcal meningitis, and severe and moderate ARI outpatient visits post-PCV13 introduction. Low specificity of discharge codes, changes in referral patterns, and improvements in human immunodeficiency virus care may have contributed to the lack of additional declines in pneumonia hospitalizations post-PCV13 introduction.
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Andriatahirintsoa, Emilson Jean P. R., Julia Liliane Raboba, Vonintsoa Lalaina Rahajamanana, Ando Lalaina Rakotozanany, Mengouom M. Nimpa, Yolande Vuo Masembe, Goitom Weldegebriel, Linda De Gouveia, Jason M. Mwenda et Annick Lalaina Robinson. « Impact of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Bacterial Meningitis in Madagascar ». Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_2 (5 septembre 2019) : S121—S125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz504.
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Abstract Background The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Madagascar in 2012. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of PCV10 on bacterial meningitis in hospitalized children <5 years of age. Methods During 2010–2017, data from the hospital admission logbook were recorded for bacterial meningitis and pneumonia hospitalizations in children <5 years of age. Between April 2011 and December 2017, 3312 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from children who fulfilled the World Health Organization case definition of suspected bacterial meningitis were analyzed at the sentinel site laboratory (SSL) by microscopy, culture, and antigen detection tests. A total of 2065 CSF samples were referred to the regional reference laboratory for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. 2010–2011 was defined as the prevaccine period, 2012 as vaccine introduction year, and 2013–2017 the postvaccine period. The number of cases, causative agent, and pneumonia hospitalizations were compared before and after PCV10 introduction. Results In the prevaccine period, bacterial meningitis and pneumonia hospitalizations accounted for 4.5% and 24.5% of all hospitalizations while there were 2.6% and 19%, respectively, in the postvaccine period (P < .001). In samples tested at the SSL, 154 were positive with 80% Streptococcus pneumoniae and 20% other bacteria. Pneumococcal meningitis diagnosed by RT-PCR declined from 14% in 2012 to 3% in 2017. Also, 14% of children with pneumococcal meningitis died. Conclusions Following PCV10 introduction, pneumococcal meningitis, bacterial meningitis, and pneumonia hospitalizations declined. Surveillance should continue to monitor the impact of PCV10.
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Amin, Muhammad, Asim Khurshid, Mukhtar Ahmad et Zunaira Javed. « Etiology and outcome of culture proven bacterial meningitis in children 6 to 24 months of age. » Professional Medical Journal 26, no 09 (10 septembre 2019) : 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.09.2562.
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Introduction: Pediatric bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening illness that results from bacterial infection of the meninges and leaves some survivors with significant sequelae. More than 2/3 cases of meningitis occur in the 1st 2 years of life, owing to decreased immunity and high vascularity of the brain.This study was conducted to determine the frequency of hemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumonia and neisseria meningitidis and outcome in culture proven meningitis in children 6 months to 24 months. Study Design: Case series. Setting: Paeds Unit 1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur and Paeds Unit of District Headquarter (DHQ) Teaching Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan. Period: 1st April 2017 to 30th September 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 220 children (110 from each center) of either sex with culture proven meningitis, aged 6 months to 24 months, were included in the study. Demographics, duration of fever, history of seizures, weight of child, vaccination status and bacteria isolated from CSF and outcome were analyzed. The outcome in the form of mortality was noted during the first 10 days of hospital stay. Results: Amongst a total of 220 children, 123 (55.9%) were male. There were 130 (59.1%) children who were less than or equal to 1 year of age. There were 154 (70.0%) children who were having a weight of 7 to 10 kg. Vaccination status was, 111 (50.5%) were fully vaccinated, 59 (26.8%) partially vaccinated and 50 (22.7%) not vaccinated. Duration of fever was, 141 (64.1%) had fever for more than 5 days. There were 139 (63.2%) children who had a history of seizures. Streptococcus pneumonia was the commonest bacteria found in 110 (50%) children followed by neisseria meningitides 53 (24.1%), H. Influenza 37 (16.8%). Overall mortality was noted in 34 (15.5%) children. Conclusion: In children with bacterial meningitis, mortality was high and most common bacteria were found to be s.pneumoniae followed by neisseria meningitidis and h.influenzae. Awareness about the empiric and directed antimicrobial therapy will help to lower the burden of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial meningitis.
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Idris, Mohamad Imran, Sharon Mei Ling Tai, Chong Tin Tan et Kay Sin Tan. « Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis and Intracranial Vasculopathy : Clinical Correlation with Improving Transcranial Doppler Hemodynamics ». Case Reports in Neurology 12, Suppl. 1 (14 décembre 2020) : 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500950.
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<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> are Gram-positive bacteria that are responsible for many types of illnesses including pneumonia, sinus infections, and community-acquired meningitis. One important complication of bacterial meningitis is intracranial vasculopathy. Possible etiologies include vasculitis, vasospasm, endocarditis, or intra-arterial thrombosis. We present a case report of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> meningitis treated with antibiotics in which clinical improvement correlated with serial transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) improvement, suggesting vasospasm or vasculitis as a possible mechanism for intracranial vasculopathy.
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Shann, Frank. « CHLORAMPHENICOL FOR MENINGITIS AND PNEUMONIA ». Lancet 327, no 8479 (mars 1986) : 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92971-5.
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Soltani, Peter, Terence McGarry et Parth Rali. « Primary Meningococcal Pneumonia Without Meningitis ». Chest 142, no 4 (octobre 2012) : 243A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.1373686.
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Bhatta, Sabita, Raina Chaudhary et Dhirendra Ayer. « Klebsiella pneumoniae associated nosocomial meningitis in a patient after resection of meningioma. » Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 13, no 1 (19 juillet 2015) : 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.13004.
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Klebsiella pneumoniae is a primary pathogen capable of causing urinary tract infection (UTIs), liver abscess and pneumonia in otherwise healthy individuals. However, most infections caused by K. pneumoniae are acquired in the hospitals and/or occur in those who are debilitated by various under lying conditions. Nosocomial infections caused by K. pneumoniae includes wound infections, infections of intravascular and other invasive devices, biliary tract infections, peritonitis and meningitis. We report a case of a 29 year old male who developed meningitis after excision of meningioma.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.13004
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Cadwgan, A. M., A. R. MacKenzie et R. B. S. Laing. « Neisseria Meningitidis W135 Pneumonia with Sepicaemia in a Nonogenarian ». Scottish Medical Journal 43, no 5 (octobre 1998) : 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309804300508.
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Neisseria meningitidis infection is generally considered a disease of children or young adults, classically presenting as meningitis or sepicaemia. This infection is rare but recognised in the elderly. Wepresent the case of a nonogenarian with meningococcal pneumonia and sinusitis with bacteraemia caused by N.meningitidis W135 a rare serogroup. We therefore thought this unusual situation of interest and worthwhile reporting.
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Tilahun, Getachew Teshome. « Optimal Control Analysis of Pneumonia and Meningitis Coinfection ». Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2019 (22 septembre 2019) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2658971.
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In this paper, we proposed a deterministic model of pneumonia-meningitis coinfection. We used a system of seven ordinary differential equations. Firstly, the qualitative behaviours of the model such as positivity of the solution, existence of the solution, the equilibrium points, basic reproduction number, analysis of equilibrium points, and sensitivity analysis are studied. The disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is kept less than unity, and conditions for global stability are established. Then, the basic model is extended to optimal control by incorporating four control interventions, such as prevention of pneumonia as well as meningitis and also treatment of pneumonia and meningitis diseases. The optimality system is obtained by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. For simulation of the optimality system, we proposed five strategies to check the effect of the controls. First, we consider prevention only for both diseases, and the result shows that applying prevention control has a great impact in bringing down the expansion of pneumonia, meningitis, and their coinfection in the specified period of time. The other strategies are prevention effort for pneumonia and treatment effort for meningitis, prevention effort for meningitis and treatment effort for pneumonia, treatment effort for both diseases, and using all interventions. We obtained that each of the listed strategies is effective in minimizing the expansion of pneumonia-only, meningitis-only, and coinfectious population in the specified period of time.
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Mahmoud, Fatma Mohamed, et Thana Harhara. « Neisseria meningitidis pneumonia with bacteremia without meningitis : An atypical presentation ». IDCases 21 (2020) : e00897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00897.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Pneumonia; Meningitis"
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Reid, Nicholas. « Clinical, microbiological and molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311200.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious pathogen, responsible for a large proportion of cases of pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis. Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) using Taq I and Hae III was evaluated to analyse the genetic relationships among 51 isolates of S. pneumoniae in four different serotypes. This method was used together with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in the analysis of clinical isolates of bacteraemic S. pneumoniae in the Grampian region of Scotland during a two year period from 1993-5. A total of 104 isolates were collected, of which 93 were analysed by REA and 94 by PFGE. Sensitivities to eight commonly used antibiotics were determined for 99 isolates, and serotyping was performed by the relevant reference laboratory. Records were available for 92 patients and details of past medical history, primary site of infection and outcome were abstracted. Of the clinical isolates analysed, 1% were fully resistant to penicillin and 12% were resistant to erythromycin. The three most common serotypes were 14(23.5%), 4 (12.2%) and 23F (9.2%). The current vaccine, Pneumovax II, was calculated to provide 99.8% cover for the serotypes isolated. The overall incidence of bacteraemic infection was 10.3 per 100,000 population per year, and the mortality was 21.2%. Both the incidence and mortality increased exponentially with respect to age. In both serotype and clinically based studies, when analysed by REA and PFGE, isolates were primarily grouped into closely associated clusters of single serotypes. Some serotypes, such as 3, 6B and 14, were divided into genetically distinct subgroups. The genetics structure of the population was defined as being primarily clonal with evidence of a serotype change in one instance. An erythromycin resistant serotype 14 clone was described, and later discovered to be of the M phenotype. This clone was significantly associated with bacteraemic disease in the under 5 age group, and was demonstrated to be the current major cause of erythromycin resistance in the U.K.
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Nayeri, Fariba. « Hepatocyte growth factor : studies on local and systemic release and effects during infectious diseases : in vivo and in vitro / ». Linköping, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med739s.pdf.
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Haddar, Cyrille Hedi. « Développement et évaluation de tests antigéniques rapides pour le diagnostic d’infections méningococciques et pneumococciques ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES065.
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Les tests de diagnostic rapide (TDR) sont aujourd’hui des outils indispensables pour une réponse urgente en pathologie infectieuse. De nombreux tests sont disponibles pour rechercher différents agents pathogènes (VIH, streptocoque du groupe A, plasmodium …) dans des prélèvements biologiques variés (urine, liquide cérébrospinal ou LCS, sang …). L’avantage de ce mode de diagnostic est leur rapidité, leur simplicité de mise en œuvre, y compris par des non-spécialistes ou à l’extérieur d’une structure de laboratoire, et leur coût raisonnable. Dans ce travail de thèse CIFRE, nous présentons trois TDR que nous avons contribué à développer et à évaluer, basés sur l’immunochromatographie à flux latéral (LFIA). Le premier TDR cible Neisseria meningitidis dans le LCS, bactérie responsable de redoutables épidémies de méningites dans les pays à ressources limitées. Ce TDR est le seul test commercial de type LFIA qui permette de détecter 5 des 6 principaux sérogroupes impliqués dans la maladie (A/C/W/X/Y). Une étude publiée sous l’égide du CNR des méningocoques à l’Institut Pasteur de Paris montre les excellentes performances de ce test sur près de 560 échantillons de LCS provenant de 6 pays. Le deuxième TDR cible Streptococcus pneumoniae dans l’urine et le LCS, également dans le cadre du diagnostic des méningites bactériennes. Ce test, couplé au précédent, fait l’objet d’une étude multicentrique en Afrique de l’ouest sous couvert de l’OMS. Le troisième TDR est un avatar du précédent dédié aux sécrétions respiratoires. Dénommé PneumoResp, il introduit le concept de TDR semi-quantitatif en proposant d’effectuer le test sur sécrétions non diluées et, en cas de résultat positif, sur sécrétions diluées au 1 :100ème. Nous proposons un algorithme (qui fait l’objet d’un brevet en cours d’expertise) qui vise à différencier le portage de l’infection invasive à S. pneumoniae chez l’enfant. Par rapport aux techniques conventionnelles (culture semi-quantitative et qPCR), nous montrons sur quelque 200 échantillons respiratoires une excellente sensibilité et une très bonne valeur prédictive négative de ce test pour exclure ou suspecter une infection active à S. pneumoniae chez l’enfant dès le premier jourNowadays, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are essential tools for an urgent response in infectious diseases. Many tests are available to search for different pathogens (HIV, group A streptococcus, plasmodium ...) in various biological samples (urine, cerebrospinal fluid or CSF, blood ...). The main advantages of this mode of diagnosis are speed, simplicity of implementation, including by non-specialists or outside a laboratory structure, and reasonable cost. In this “CIFRE” (industrial) thesis, we present three RDTs based on lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIA) that we contributed to develop and evaluate.The first TDR targets Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium responsible for severe outbreaks of meningitis in resource-limited countries, in CSF samples. This RDT is the only LFIA-type commercial test that can detect 5 of the 6 major serogroups involved in the disease (A/C/W/X/Y). A study published under the authority of the meningococci reference centre at the Institut Pasteur of Paris showed the excellent performances of this test on nearly 560 CSF samples collected from 6 countries including 5 in Africa.The second TDR targets Streptococcus pneumoniae in urine and CSF; it is also intended to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. This test, coupled with the previous one, is the object of a multicentric study presently conducted in West Africa under cover of WHO.The third TDR is an avatar of the previous one but was dedicated to respiratory secretions. Called PneumoResp, it introduces the concept of semi-quantitative RDT. It proposes to perform the test on undiluted secretions and, in the case of positive result, on 1:100-diluted secretions. We present an algorithm (which is the object of a patent pending appraisal) that aims to differentiate S. pneumoniae carriage from invasive infection by this germ in children. Compared to conventional techniques (semi-quantitative culture and qPCR assays), the test performed on 196 respiratory specimens showed an excellent sensitivity and a very good negative predictive value, allowing to exclude or suspect an active S. pneumoniae infection as soon as the first day
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Haylom, Berhane Luwam. « Clinical Presentation of Invasive Meningococcal Disease caused by Serogroup W and Y- a Systematic Review ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68125.
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Background: Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterium with the potential to cause invasive disease. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) can be fatal if delay to antibiotic therapy. There are six serogroups, which are capable of causing invasive disease in humans; A, B, C, W, X and Y. Since 2015, serogroup W and serogroup Y account for the majority of IMD cases reported in Sweden. Aim: To investigate the clinical presentations of IMD caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W and Y. Method: Two databases, PubMed and Cochrane, were used to find articles that described the clinical picture of IMD. Articles with description of clinical features of the studied serogroups and with eight cases or more in every study were included. In addition, only original articles were included. Results: A total of 633 articles were found and 11 fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Five out of seven articles found meningococcemia as the predominating presentation of serogroup W IMD. Two out of the four articles that studied serogroup Y IMD found meningitis at a higher number. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review suggest meningococcemia as a relatively common presentation of serogroup W IMD while meningitis and pneumonia might occur more frequently in serogroup Y IMD. However, these results should be interpreted carefully because the included articles were mostly retrospective studies and future prospective studies are needed to better identify clinical presentations of serogroup W and Y IMD.
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Silva, Junior Jailton de Azevedo. « Impacto da vacina pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente (PCV10) na meningite pneumocócica na região metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14244.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
INTRODUÇÃO: Em 2010, a vacina conjugada 10-valente (PCV10) foi incorporada ao programa nacional de imunizações (PNI) brasileiro. Este imunobiológico confere imunização contra os dez principais tipos capsulares de Streptococcus pneumoniae, patógeno responsável por diversas manifestações clínicas e com elevada contribuição nas taxas de incidência e mortalidade por meningite, que é a condição clínica mais grave. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da PCV10 na epidemiologia da meningite pneumocócica na região metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) Bahia, comparando o período anterior (2008-2010) e posterior (2011-2013) a sua utilização, bem como realizar uma caracterização molecular minuciosa a partir de uma série histórica (1996-2012) entre os isolados resistentes a penicilina (PNSSP com CIM≥ 0,125 μg/mL) e para os sorotipos não-vacinais (2008-2012). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos todos casos de meningite pneumocócica confirmados laboratorialmente no período entre 1996 a 2013. Taxas de incidência para a Salvador e RMS foram calculadas com base nos dados populacionais do IBGE/2010. A determinação do tipo capsular foi realizada através da técnica de Multiplex-PCR e/ou reação de Quellung. A sensibilidade a nove antimicrobianos foi testada através das técnicas disco-difusão, microdiluição e E-test. Para caracterizar o perfil molecular foram aplicadas as técnicas de genotipagem de PFGE e MLST. RESULTADOS: Um total de 939 casos de meningite pneumocócica foram identificados no período de 1996- 2013, sendo que 70 casos ocorrem entre 2011 a 2013 (período pós-vacinal). A incidência de meningite pneumocócica em todas as faixas etárias na RMS reduziu de 0,70 casos/100.000 habitantes para 0,59 casos/100.000 habitantes considerando o período de três anos antes e após a vacinação com PCV10 [p< 0,05; RR IC 95%: 1,46 (1,03-2,05)]. Esta redução foi significativa na faixa etária de 0-2 anos e nos casos por sorotipos relacionados à PCV10. Não houve aumento significativo de casos por sorotipos não vacinais nesta casuística, apesar do surgimento de casos por sorotipos não-vacinais não detectados anteriormente na série histórica de MP (10F, 21, 22F, 15A e 24F). Os isolados resistentes à penicilina analisados na série histórica se restringiram a 13 sorotipos, entre os quais: 14 (45,1 %; 78/173), 23F (19,1%; 33/173), 6B (14,4 %; 25/173), 19F (9,2 %; 16/173) e 19A (5,2 %; 9/173). 94% dos casos nãosusceptíveis à penicilina (PNSSP) foram de sorotipos vacinais. Os grupos clonais caracterizados pelo PFGE/MLST predominantes ao longo dos anos foram representados pelo sorotipo 14, denominado grupo A/ST 66 [35,3 % (61/173)] e grupo GK/ST 156 [4.6 % (8/173)], este último associado com níveis elevados de resistência a penicilina e ceftriaxona. Não foram detectados grupos clonais emergentes associados a tipos capsulares não-vacinais. CONCLUSÕES: Estes achados sugerem que a introdução da PCV10 modificou a epidemiologia da meningite pneumocócica na população estudada.
INTRODUCTION: In 2010, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced into the Brazilian national immunization program (NIP). This immunobiological provides immunization against the main ten capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pathogen responsible for different clinical manifestations and high contribution in the incidence and mortality from meningitis, which is the most severe clinical condition. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PCV10 in the epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in the metropolitan area of Salvador (RMS) Bahia, comparing the previous (2008-2010) and after (2011-2013) periods its use, as well as conduct a thorough molecular characterization from a historical series (1996-2012) among isolates resistant to penicillin (PNSSP with CIM≥ 0.125 g / ml) and nonvaccine serotypes (2008-2012). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included all cases of pneumococcal meningitis laboratory confirmed for the period 1996 to 2013. Incidence rates for Salvador and RMS were calculated based on population data from IBGE/2010. The capsular type determination was performed by multiplex PCR and/or Quellung reaction. Isolates Nine antibiotics were tested by disk-diffusion test, broth micro-dilution and E-test. To characterize the molecular profiling techniques were applied genotyping PFGE and MLST. RESULTS: A total of 939 cases of pneumococcal meningitis were identified during 1996-2013 period, with 70 cases occurring between 2011-2013 (post-vaccination period). The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in all age groups in the RMS decreased from 0.70 cases / 100,000 inhabitants to 0.59 cases / 100,000 inhabitants considering the three-year period before and after vaccination with PCV10 [p <0.05; RR 95% CI: 1.46 (1.03 to 2.05)]. This reduction was significant in the age group 0-2 years and in cases by serotypes related to PCV10. There was no significant increase in cases by serotypes not vaccine in this series, despite the emergence of cases by serotypes not-vaccine previously undetected in the historical series of MP (10F, 21, 22F, 15A and 24F). The penicillin resistant isolates analyzed the historical series were restricted to 13 serotypes, including: 14 (45.1%; 78/173), 23F (19.1%; 33/173), 6B (14.4%; 25/173), 19F (9.2%, 16/173) and 19A (5.2%, 9/173). 94% of nonsusceptible to penicillin cases (PNSSP) were vaccine serotypes. Clonal groups characterized by PFGE / MLST predominant over the years have been represented by serotype 14, group called A / ST 66 [35.3% (61/173)] and Group GK / TS 156 [4.6% (8/173) ], the latter associated with elevated levels of penicillin and ceftriaxone resistance. Not were detected emerging clonal groups associated with capsular types non-vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the introduction of PCV10 changed the epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in the population studied.
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Weisfelt, Martijn. « Pneumococcal meningitis in adults ». [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/39634.
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Moraes, José Cassio de. « Epidemiologia das meningites bacterianas por Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae e enterobactérias no município de São Paulo, 1960-77 ». Universidade de São Paulo, 1988. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-18122017-115821/.
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As meningites bacterianas constituem um sério problema de Saúde Pública em todo mundo, por sua incidência, sua letalidade e pela frequência das sequelas que os sobreviventes apresentam. Os agentes etiológicos Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis e Streptococcus pneumoniae são responsáveis por cerca de 60 a 80 por cento dos casos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o comportamento epidemiológico das meningites por H.influenzae, S. pneumoniae e por bacilos Gram-negativo, especialmente as enterobactérias 1 no Município de São Paulo no pertodo 1960- 77. O levantamento foi realizado por uma equipe formada por professores do Departamento de Medicina Social da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, por médicos sanitaristas e por acadêmicos de medicina. Os dados, colhidos diretamente do prontuário dos pacientes, foram anotados em uma ficha pré-codificada. A meningite por H.influenzae somente foi confirmada quando se identificava o agente na cultura. A confirmação da meningite por S.pneumoniae se dava pela bacterioscopia e/ou pela cultura do líquor. As meningites por bacilo Gram-negativo foram subdivididas em 3 grupos. No primeiro, incluíram-se os casos em que a bacterioscopia e/ou cultura revelaram a presença de um bacilo Gram-negativo sem, contudo, haver a especificação do agente. No segundo, classificaram-se os casos em que, na cultura, foi isolada uma bactéria do gênero Salmonella. O último grupo correspondeu áquele em que se identificou a presença de uma outra enterobactéria. Os subdistritos ou distritos do Municipio de São Paulo foram agrupados de 3 maneiras. As duas primeiras corresponderam às 3 ou 6 áreas homogêneas especificadas pela Fundação SEADE. A última se baseou na distibuição da população economicamente ativa segundo sua participação nos diferentes setores da economia. A população dos subdistritos e distritos do Município de São Paulo segundo faixa etária para os anos compreendidos no estudo foi estimada pelo método geométrico modificado. No período estudado foram confirmados 900 casos de meningite por H.influenzae com um coeficiente médio de 0,89 por 100000 habitantes. Os menores de 5 anos contribuíram com 91,2 por cento dos casos, dos quais 63 por cento eram em menores de um ano. O coeficiente médio para menores de um ano foi de 23,3 por 100000 habitantes. As zonas central, intermediária e periférica não apresentaram incidências significantemente diferentes. Os coeficientes de morbidade padronizados segundo idade foram 0,8, 0,8 e 0,9 para as zonas central, intermediária e periférica, respectivamente. A letalidade média no período de 1960-77 foi de 31 por cento . As crianças menores de um ano apresentaram a maior taxa de letalidade, 40 por cento . No período 1960-77 foram confirmados 1951 casos de meningite por S.pneumoniae com um coeficiente médio de 1,9 por 100000 habitantes. As crianças menores de 5 anos contribuíram com 52 por cento dos casos dos quais 38.5 por cento eram menores de um ano. Os coeficientes médio por 100000 habitantes, para os menores de um ano, foram 37,1 e 29,7 para 1960-69 e 1970-77, respectivamente. A incidência por 100000 habitantes na zona periférica (2,2) na primeira década foi, praticamente, o dobro da zona central, (1,2). Os coeficientes padronizados segundo idade foram 1,6, 1,5 e 2,0 para as zonas central, intermediária e periférica, respectivamente. No período seguinte estes valores foram 1,4, 1,5 e 2,0. A letalidade média no período foi de 44 por cento . Ela foi inversamente proporcional ao número de leucócitos no llquor de entrada. A letalidade na faixa etária menores de um ano foi de 60 por cento no período estudado. No período estudado foram identificados 290 casos de meningite por Salmonella dos quais 10 por cento o foram na primeira década. O coeficiente médio por 100000 habitantes foi de 0,3. A S.typhimurium foi a espécie mais frequente com 112 casos. Os menores de um ano contribuíram com 91 por cento dos casos, dos quais 52 por cento ocorreram no primeiro trimestre de vida. A incidência média por zona não mostrou diferencas estatisticamente significantes. A letalidade média foi de 87 por cento . Os menores de um ano apresentaram um valor ainda maior, 89 por cento . No período estudado foram identificados 211 casos de meningite por outras enterobactérias com um coeficiente médio de 0,2. A primeira década contribuiu com 32 por cento dos casos. Os gêneros Escherichia e Enterobacter foram os mais frequentes sendo responsáveis por 71 por cento dos casos. Os menores de um ano contribuiram com 57 por cento dos casos, com coeficiente de 4.0 e 4.5 para os períodos 1960-69 e 1970-77 respectivamente. A letalidade média foi de 65 por cento sendo o grupo etário maior de 60 anos o de maior letalidade. A incidência por zona não diferiu significantemente. A meningite por bacilo Gram-negativo apresentou um comportamento epidemiológico distinto da meningite por H.influenzae e das enterobactérias, revelando ser composto por uma miscelânea de agentes. No período de estudo foram identificados 25455 casos de meningite bacteriana, com coeficiente médio de 25 por 100000 habitantes. O coeficiente passaria a ser de 36 por 100000 habitantes se acrecentássemos as meningites bacterianas de etiologia indeterminada. Este índice representou 1 caso para 2782 habitantes. A meningite por N.meningitidis ocupou o primeiro lugar, com 84 por cento dos casos e um coeficiente médio de 21 por 100000. Na primeira década ocorreram 2657 casos, com um coeficiente médio de 5,4 por 100000 habitantes. As três principais etiologias foram responsáveis por 89 por cento dos casos. No octênio seguinte a meningite por meningococo foi responsável por 90 por cento dos casos. No ano de 1974, acme da epidemia de meningite meningocócica, foram identificados 18069 casos de meningite representando um coeficiente de 264 por 100000. Este valor representaria que 1 em cada 379 habitantes foi acometido pela doença naquele ano.Bacterial meningitis is an intectious disease of major public health throughout the world because of its high incidence and case fatality rates and the permanent sequelae that are seen in the survivors. Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the etiologic agents responsible for 60 to 80 per cent of cases. The purpose of this study is to better understand the epidemiology of meningitis caused by H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and gram-negative bacilli, especially, the Enterobacteriaceae, in the city of São Paulo during the period 1960-77. The survey was performed by a group of professors from the Department of Social Medicine of the \"Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo\", public health physicians and medical students. Data were obtained directly from the patient\'s records and registered on a pre-coded form. Cases of H.influenzae meningitis were confirmed by culture while S.pneumoniae cases were confirmed by gram stain and/or culture of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSP). The cases of gram negative bacillary meningitis were divided into three groups. The first included the cases that were diagnosed by gram stain and culture; the second, the cases where salmonella species were isolated in the culture: and the third, the cases where the presence of other Enterobacteriaceae were identified. The districts of the city of São Paulo were grouped in three ways: two corresponding to the homogenous areas specified by the \"Fundação SEADE\", and the third one based on the distribution of the economically active population according to its participation in the different branches of economic activity. The population of São Paulo by districts included in the study was estimated by the modified geometric method. During the study, 900 cases ot H. influenzae meningitis were confirmed, giving an average rate ot 0.89 cases per 100,000 population. Children <5 years old represented 91 per cent ot the cases, 63 per cent of them being less than one year old . The average rate for children <1 year old was 23.3 cases per 10O,OOO population. The average case fatality rate for the period 1960-77 was 31 per cent . The hightest case fatality rate ocurred in children <1 year old and was 40 per cent . The central, intermediate and peripheria zones didn\'t show significant different rates of incidence. The age standartized morbidity rates for these zones were, respectively, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.9. During 1960-77, 1,951 cases of S.pneumoniae meningitis were confirmed, giving an average rate of 1.9 per 100,000 population. Children <5 years old accounted for 52.4 per cent ot cases and 38.5 per cent were
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Østergaard, Andersen Christian. « Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis : clinical and experimental studies / ». KøbenhavnLægeforeningens Forlag : Lægeforeningens Forlag, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015627763&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Santos, Milena Soares dos. « Análise da composição clonal dos streptococcus pneumoniae não susceptíveis a penicilina em casos de meningite ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2010. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4255.
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Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-08-01T18:23:08Z
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Milena Soares dos Santos Análise da composição clonal dos Streptococcus pneumoniae não susceptíveis a penicilina....pdf: 2536157 bytes, checksum: ee1fe922b8d1366faa0d4a8bea4d3b9f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-01T18:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milena Soares dos Santos Análise da composição clonal dos Streptococcus pneumoniae não susceptíveis a penicilina....pdf: 2536157 bytes, checksum: ee1fe922b8d1366faa0d4a8bea4d3b9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
O Streptococcus pneumoniae permanece como principal causa de doenças infecciosas que conduzem a elevada morbi-mortalidade em todas as faixas etárias, principalmente nas crianças. Desde a década de 1990, a resistência antimicrobiana deste microrganismo tem aumentado mundialmente, representando mais de 30% de resistência à penicilina em todos os isolados de doença pneumocócica invasiva em algumas áreas geográficas. Neste estudo, relatamos os casos identificados através de uma vigilância ativa para a meningite bacteriana em Salvador, Bahia, no período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 2007. Para avaliar o perfil de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos isolados dos pacientes com meningite por S.pneumoniae, utilizamos a microdiluição em caldo e isolados com CIM de penicilina ≥ 0.125μg/mL foram considerados como não-susceptíveis à penicilina (PNSP). A diversidade clonal foi estudada por Box-A PCR, PFGE e MLST e a distribuição de pili foi investigada em 133 amostras, selecionadas de forma aleatória em cada grupo clonal, através das técnicas de PCR e seqüenciamento do gene rlrA. Um total de 748 pacientes com meningite por S.pneumoniae foi identificado durante os 12 anos de vigilância. Foram encontrados 135 (19%) isolados de S. pneumoniae não-susceptíveis à penicilina sendo que destes, 85 (63%) eram crianças <5 anos de idade e 28 (20,7%) dos pacientes apresentavam alguma doença precedendo a meningite. A incidência média anual de PNSP foi estimada em 2,47 por 100.000 habitantes para todas as faixas etárias, 1,69 casos/100.000 habitantes para crianças menores de 5 anos e 1,37 casos/100.000 habitantes para crianças menores de 1 ano. A taxa de letalidade obtida para todas as idades foi de 39,2%. Os sorotipos mais prevalentes entre os isolados de PNSP foram: 14 (46,7%; 63/135) 23F (17,8%; 24/135), 6B (14,8%; 20/135), 19F (8,1%; 11/135) e 19A (4,4%; 6 / 135). Os isolados do sorotipo 14 foram identificados como o grupo clonal predominante 32,6% (44/135) e foram caracterizados como ST66 e como ST156 com alta resistência à ceftriaxona. Os outros sorotipos apresentaram maior diversidade clonal e novos STs foram encontrados, entre outros sorogrupos. Foram detectados 22% (29/133) de isolados portadores de pili, independente de composição clonal ou perfil de resistência. Baseada na vacina pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente, prevista para ser implementada no Brasil este ano, esperamos 89% de proteção contra PNSP em crianças menores de 5 anos de idade. As alterações previstas na população pneumocócica, ao longo dos anos após a implementação desta vacina, ressaltam a importância do monitoramento através de vigilância ativa.
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains an important cause of infectious diseases leading to high morbidity and mortality in all age groups, especially in children. Since the 1990s, resistance of this organism to penicillin has emerged worldwide accounting for >30% of all invasive pneumococcal isolates in some geographic areas. In this study, active surveillance for bacterial meningitis was performed from January 1996 to December 2007. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing used broth microdilution and isolates with penicillin MIC ≥ 0.125μg/mL were considered penicillin non-susceptible. Clonal diversity was studied by Box-A PCR, PFGE and MLST and pili detection was determinated by PCR and sequencing of rlrA gene. A total of 748 patients with pneumococcal meningitis were identified during 12 years of surveillance. We found 135 (19%) S. pneumoniae isolates to be penicillin-nonsusceptible, which 85 (63%) were children < 5 years age and 28 (20.7%) patients had previous acute illness. The annual incidence of PNSP was estimated to 2.47 per 100,000 for all age groups, 1.69 cases/100.000 population for children younger than 5 years, and 1.37 cases/100.000 inhabitants for children under 1 year. The case-fatality rate obtained for all ages was 39.2%. The most prevalent serotypes PNSP isolates were among the 14 (46.7%; 63/135), 23F (17.8%; 24/135), 6B (14.8%; 20/135), 19F (8.1%; 11/135) and 19A (4.4%; 6/135). Serotype 14 isolates were identified as the predominant clonal group [32.6% (44/135)] and were characterized as ST66 and as ST156 with high resistance to ceftriaxone. The other serotypes were more diverse and new ST´s were found among others serogroups. We detected 22% (29/133) of pili positive among the isolates, independently of clonal patterns or susceptibility profile. Based on 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine, which will be implemented in Brazil in 2010, we expect 89% protection against PNSP in children < 5 years of age. Changes in the pneumococcal population over the coming years following implementation of this vaccine should be monitoring throughout active surveillance.
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Anjos, Eder Silva dos. « Caracterização molecular de sorotipos não-vacinais de Streptococcus pneumoniae isolados de pacientes com meningite em Salvador, antes e após a implementação da vacina conjugada PCV-10 ». Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2013. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8396.
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Eder Silva dos Anjos. Caracterização...2013.pdf: 1214899 bytes, checksum: 285b9e9fed3b500c66d7173ea5a7c440 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-18T13:52:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eder Silva dos Anjos. Caracterização...2013.pdf: 1214899 bytes, checksum: 285b9e9fed3b500c66d7173ea5a7c440 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
O advento das vacinas pneumocócicas conjugadas veio contribuir de forma decisiva para a redução da incidência dos casos de doença invasiva por S. pneumoniae em vários países do mundo. Em contrapartida, tem-se verificado um aumento de casos decorrentes de sorotipos não vacinais, que escapam da vacina e reduzem o seu efeito a partir da expansão de clones pré-existentes com consequente substituição de sorotipos e/ou do fenômeno de troca capsular (capsular switching). No Brasil, a vacina conjugada 10-valente (PCV10) foi introduzida no calendário nacional de imunização a partir de 2010. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar através de técnicas fenotípicas e moleculares os sorotipos não-vacinais (SNVT) de S.pneumoniae, isolados de pacientes com meningite nos períodos anterior (janeiro/2008 - junho/2010) e posterior (julho/2010 - dezembro/2012) à implementação da vacina pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente (PCV10), na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Os isolados de S. pneumoniae foram identificados através de métodos microbiológicos clássicos e a determinação do tipo capsular foi realizada através da técnica de Multiplex-PCR e/ou reação de Quellung. A sensibilidade a oito antimicrobianos foi realizada através da técnica de microdiluição em caldo e a caracterização genotípica por intermédio das técnicas de PFGE e MLST. Foram identificados 170 casos de meningite pneumocócica durante a vigilância epidemiológica realizada no Hospital Couto Maia, em Salvador, com 148 apresentando cultura positiva para S. pneumoniae a partir do líquor e/ou hemocultura. A incidência da meningite pneumocócica reduziu de 0,9/100.000 habitantes (2008) para 0,36/100.000 habitantes (2012). No período pré-vacinal, os SNVT mais frequentes foram: 3 (n=6; 12%), 19A (n=4; 8%), 6A (n=4, 8%); no período pós-vacinal os SNVT 12F (n=6; 22,2%), 10A (n=3; 11,1%), 15B (n=2; 7,4%) e 18B (n=2; 7,4%) foram os mais frequentes. Cerca de 78% dos isolados apresentaram resistência a um ou mais antibióticos. A não susceptibilidade à penicilina foi encontrada nos sorotipos 19A (3 isolados), 9N (1 isolado) e 12F (1 isolado). Por PFGE, foi observada uma grande diversidade genética com a maioria (66,2%) dos isolados pertencendo a grupos não clonais. O grupo clonal X foi composto por dois isolados do sorotipo 19A (ST2878), do período pré-vacinal, não susceptível à penicilina. A técnica de MLST realizada em 26 isolados permitiu a identificação de quatro novos STs e apresença de STs (ST180, ST193 e ST218) genotipicamente semelhantes aos clones mundiais Netherlands3-31, Greece21-30 e Denmark12F-34. É necessária a continuidade da vigilância epidemiológica da meningite pneumocócica, visando avaliar os efeitos benéficos da vacinação e a dinâmica da distribuição de sorotipos em nossa região.
The licensure and subsequent widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have contributed for the reduction in the overall incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease worldwide. However, the emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nonvaccine serotypes (SNVT), which escape from the vaccine by the expansion of pre-existing clones following serotype replacement and/or by capsular switching is a matter of concern. In 2010, Brazil introduced the 10-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) into its routine National Immunization Program. Our aim was to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic profile of S. pneumoniae non-vacine serotypes (SNVT) isolated from patients with meningitis before (January 2008 – June 2010) and after (July 2010 – December 2012) the introduction of PCV10 in Salvador, Bahia. The pneumococcal isolates were identified by classical microbiological methods and submitted to capsular deduction by multiplex-PCR and/or Quellung reaction. The antimicrobial susceptibility was performed the broth microdilution method. The genotypic profile was assessed by PFGE and MLST. We identified 170 cases of pneumococcal meningitis during the epidemiological surveillance at the Hospital Couto Maia, in Salvador, with 148 showing positive culture for S. pneumoniae from the cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood culture. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis decreased from 0.9/100.000 (2008) to 0.36/100.000 inhabitants (2012). In the pre-vaccine period the most frequent SNVT were: 3 (n=6, 12%), 19A (n=4, 8%), 6A (n=4, 8%). In the post-vaccine period, the SNVT 12F (n=6, 22.2%), 10A (n=3, 11.1%), 15B (n=2, 7.4%) and 18B (n=2, 7.4%) were the most prevalent. About 78% of the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. The non-susceptibility to penicillin was found among serotypes 19A (3 isolates), 9N (1 isolate) and 12F (1 isolate). By PFGE, a wide genetic diversity was found with the majority of the isolates (66.2%) belonging to non-clonal groups. The clonal group X comprised two isolates of the serotype 19A (ST2878) from the pre-vaccine period presenting non-susceptibilty to penicillin. MLST assay performed in 26 isolates allowed the identification of four new STs and the presence of STs (ST180, ST193 and ST218) with genotipic similarities of the worldwide clones Netherlands3-31, Greece21-30 and Denmark12F-34. Continued surveillance studies are necessary to evaluate the benefits of vaccination and the serotype dynamics in our region
Livres sur le sujet "Pneumonia; Meningitis"
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Surveillance of Bacterial Pneumonia and Meningitis in Children Aged Under 5 Years : Field Guide. Second Edition. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121894.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The field guide on Surveillance of Bacterial Pneumonia and Meningitis in Children Aged Under 5 Years has become an important reference manual for health professionals in the Region of the Americas involved in epidemiological surveillance. It provides information on diseases, principal etiologic agents, available vaccines, laboratory procedures, and surveillance activities to detect and monitor cases, as well as data analysis to generate relevant information. This second edition describes some new developments as well as updating procedures to reflect advances in molecular testing for laboratory diagnoses and the availability of new vaccines.
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Harrison, Mark. Infection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198765875.003.0056.
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This chapter describes the pathology of infection as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the causes, pathological processes, and investigations of respiratory tracts infections (upper and lower including pneumonia), meningitis and encephalitis, myocarditis and endocarditis, hepatitis, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, STD, pelvic inflammatory disease, cellulitis, infection of bones and joints, AIDS, pyrexia of unknown origin, malaria, and fungal infection. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.
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Wilson, John W., et Lynn L. Estes. Vancomycin Adult Dosing and Monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797783.003.0017.
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(Note: Several vancomycin dosing and monitoring protocols exist; this is the one used at Mayo Clinic.)•Loading dose: Consider 20–30 mg/kg, especially in critically ill patients with serious infections such as meningitis, health care–associated pneumonia, or endocarditis.•Maintenance dose: Give 15–20 mg/kg based on actual body weight for most patients (20 mg/kg is reasonable when aiming for a trough range of 15–20 mcg/mL). Adjust based on serum levels. See also the following sections on hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy....
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Informe regional de SIREVA II, 2016. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275321850.
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[Prefacio, español]. La red SIREVA (Sistema Regional de Vacunas), conocida en toda la Región, completa sus 25 años de existencia y, en todos esos años, viene prestando un trabajo relevante en la vigilancia de laboratorio de enfermedades bacterianas invasivas, especialmente aquellas causadas por el Streptococcus pneumoniae (neumococo), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) y la Neisseria meningitidis (meningococo), con reconocido nivel de excelencia. La red también caracteriza los respectivos serotipos/serogrupos y la susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos de las mencionadas bacterias. Desde el 2005, los laboratorios de la red SIREVA empezaron a contribuir con la red centinela de vigilancia de neumonías y meningitis bacteriana en menores de 5 años, de la cual forman parte nueve países y 21 hospitales. En el 2014, esta red centinela pasó a integrar la red global, coordinada por la OMS, compartiendo mundialmente la información que es generada en la Región. La continuidad y el fortalecimiento de la red de laboratorios son fundamentales para la vigilancia de esas enfermedades. Es primordial que los países garanticen el financiamiento de las actividades de los laboratorios de la red SIREVA. Por otro lado, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud seguirá ofreciendo cooperación técnica a los países y a sus programas nacionales de inmunización de manera de contribuir en la continua mejoría de esta red de vigilancia para mantenerse generando información de calidad que pueda subsidiar a los gestores en la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia. En este volumen están siendo presentados los datos del 2016 generados por los países que forman parte de la red SIREVA II. [Prefácio, português]. A rede SIREVA (Sistema Regional de Vacinas), conhecida em toda a Região, completa seus 25 años de existência e, em todos esses anos, vem prestando um trabalho relevante na vigilância de laboratório de doenças bacterianas invasivas, especialmente aquelas causadas pelo Streptococcus pneumoníae (pneumococo), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), e pela Neisseria meningitidis (meningococo), com reconhecido nível de excelência. A rede também caracteriza os respectivos sorotipos/sorogrupos e a suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos das mencionadas bactérias. A partir de 2005, os laboratórios da rede SIREVA começaram a contribuir com a rede sentinel de vigilância de pneumonias e meningites bacterianas em menores de 5 anos, da qual fazem parte atualmente nove países e 21 hospitais. Em 2014, esta rede sentinela passou a integrar à rede global, coordenada pela OMS, compartilhando mundialmente a informação que é gerada na Região. A continuidade e o fortalecimento da rede de laboratórios são fundamentais para a vigilância epidemiológica dessas doenças. É primordial que os países garantam o financiamento das atividades dos laboratórios da rede SIREVA. Por outro lado, a OPAS continuará oferecendo cooperação técnica aos países e aos seus programas nacionais de imunização de maneira a contribuir no contínuo aprimoramento dessa rede de vigilância, para que se mantenha gerando informação de qualidade que possa subsidiar os gestores para tomar decisões baseadas em evidência. Neste volume estão sendo apresentados os dados de 2016 gerados pelos 19 países que fazem parte da rede SIREVA II.
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Vigilância das pneumonias e meningites bacterianas em crianças menores de 5 anos. Guia prático. Segunda edição. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275721889.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O Manual de Vigilância de Pneumonia Bacteriana e Meningite em Menores de 5 anos: Guia Prático tornou-se referência de destaque para os profissionais de saúde da Região das Américas que lidam com atividades de vigilância epidemiológica. Abrange doenças, principais agentes etiológicos, vacinas disponíveis, procedimentos laboratoriais e de vigilância para captura e monitoramento de casos, bem como análise de dados para a produção de informações relevantes. Esta segunda edição introduz novos conceitos e procedimentos de atualização para refletir a introdução de testes de biologia molecular em diagnósticos laboratoriais e a disponibilidade de novas vacinas.
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Informe regional de SIREVA II, 2017. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275323076.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La vigilancia pasiva por laboratorio de Streptococcus pneumoniae se realiza en los países de la Región de las Américas desde 1993 bajo la denominación de Sistema Regional de Vacunas (SIREVA), con el apoyo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. En 1997, los países de la Región propusieron introducir las pruebas de laboratorio para Haemophilus influenzae, y en el 2000, para Neisseria meningitidis. Así se amplió la vigilancia por laboratorio de las enfermedades bacterianas invasivas con los tres patógenos anteriores, esta vez bajo la denominación de SIREVA II. La red está compuesta por 19 laboratorios nacionales de referencia situados en varios países. Durante los últimos años se han ido incorporando nuevos ensayos, entre ellos pruebas de biología molecular, que facilitan la detección de estos patógenos en muestras biológicas. Los datos de la vigilancia por laboratorio de los países de la Región se recopilan y se presentan desde el 2005 en el Informe regional de SIREVA II. El objetivo principal de esta publicación es compartir información sobre la identificación de estos patógenos en la vigilancia pasiva por laboratorio que realizan los países durante un año calendario, dar seguimiento a la distribución de sus serotipos o serogrupos y correlacionarlos con los presentes en las vacunas disponibles. Esta publicación proporciona información actualizada sobre los aislamientos invasivos de Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae y Neisseria meningitidis de muestras biológicas recogidas durante el 2017 y realizadas en laboratorios de países de las Américas. Los datos de la vigilancia por laboratorio de este informe conservan el esquema de presentación que la red definió hace varios años, pues son necesarios para mantener informados a los programas de salud pública, al personal de laboratorio y a la comunidad científica, así como para facilitar información útil a las decisiones basadas en la evidencia. Estos datos pueden servir para promover estudios adicionales que generen nuevo conocimiento y faciliten la comprensión de estos eventos.
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Informe regional de SIREVA II, 2018. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275324035.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En esta nueva edición del Informe regional de SIREVA II correspondiente al 2018 se presenta información sobre los serotipos o serogrupos de los tres agentes asociados con las enfermedades bacterianas invasivas que son objeto de vigilancia pasiva por laboratorio —Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae y Neisseria meningitidis—, los cuales se identificaron en muestras obtenidas durante el 2018 de pacientes que presentaron algunas de esas enfermedades. Estos datos se presentan de forma agrupada en cuadros y no han sido objeto de ningún tipo de análisis estadístico. En algunas ocasiones, los organismos no lograron identificar los serotipos o serogrupos porque los laboratorios no disponían de todos los reactivos requeridos para la completa caracterización del agente o porque los cultivos perdieron viabilidad y no fue posible remitirlos a un laboratorio de referencia regional para complementar la tipificación. A pesar de estas limitaciones, los datos notificados por los laboratorios de la red SIREVA II son de gran relevancia para la comunidad.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Pneumonia; Meningitis"
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Viladrich, P. Fernández. « Management of Meningitis Caused by Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae ». Dans Management of Multiple Drug-Resistant Infections, 31–48. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-738-3_2.
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Goitein, K. J., M. Shapiro et M. Ramaz. « Intracranial Pressure in Experimental Streptococcus Pneumoniae Meningitis in Rabbits ». Dans Intracranial Pressure VI, 507–11. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70971-5_96.
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Harrell, Frank E., Peter A. Margolis, Sandy Gove, Karen E. Mason, E. Kim Mulholland, Deborah Lehmann, Lulu Muhe, Salvacion Gatchalian et Heinz F. Eichenwald. « Prognostic/Clinical Prediction Models : Development of a Clinical Prediction Model for an Ordinal Outcome : The World Health Organization Multicentre Study of Clinical Signs and Etiological Agents of Pneumonia, Sepsis and Meningitis in Young Infants ». Dans Tutorials in Biostatistics, 251–86. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470023678.ch2b(ii).
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. « Acute Bacterial Meningitis ». Dans Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review, sous la direction de Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, James Y. Findlay, William D. Freeman et Ayan Sen, 637–41. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0091.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Meningitis, an infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space, is a syndrome involving the cortex and vasculature that leads to vasculitis and secondary infarctions. The cerebral venous system is involved in severe cases. Acute bacterial meningitis usually results from community-acquired infections, but when it occurs in hospitalized patients (ie, nosocomial bacterial meningitis), it is usually due to invasive procedures. Factors that increase the risk of community-acquired meningitis include the immunocompromised state, human immunodeficiency virus infections, asplenia, and genetic factors such as complement factor deficiencies. In most adults with acute bacterial meningitis, a normal state of health is first interrupted by an upper respiratory tract infection or an ear infection that does not improve with antibiotic therapy. The potential source for acute bacterial meningitis, such as pneumonia, paranasal sinusitis, or middle ear infection, should be sought.
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Kasten, Mary J., et Zelalem Temesgen. « HIV Infection ». Dans Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Board Review, 461–74. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190464868.003.0042.
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Acute bacterial meningitis is an infectious disease emergency. The incidence of bacterial meningitis is estimated to be 3.0 cases per 100,000 person-years, and its overall case fatality rate is 25% in adults. Common predisposing conditions for community-acquired meningitis include acute otitis media, altered immune states, alcoholism, pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, sinusitis, and a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Risk factors for death among adults with community-acquired meningitis include age 60 years or older, altered mental status at presentation, pneumococcal cause, and occurrence of seizures within 24 hours of symptom onset.
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Harrison, Dr Mark. « Principles of investigation ». Dans Revision Notes for MCEM Part A, 158–59. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199583836.003.0011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
4.1 Specimen types, 158 4.2 Specimen culture, 158 4.3 Specimen examination, 158 4.4 Serology, 159 4.5 Molecular techniques, 159 • UTI: MSU/CSU • Skin wounds: Wound swab • Meningitis: CSF and blood • Non-specific pyrexia: Blood and serology • Pneumonia: Blood and sputum •...
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Harrison, Dr Mark. « Infection ». Dans Revision Notes for MCEM Part A, 497–508. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199583836.003.0056.
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3.1 Upper respiratory tract, 500 3.2 Lower respiratory tract and pneumonia, 500 3.3 Meningitis and encephalitis, 501 3.4 Myocarditis and endocarditis, 503 3.5 Hepatitis, 504 3.6 Gastroenteritis, 505 3.7 Urinary tract infection (UTI), 506 3.8 STD, 507 3.9 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 507 3.10 Cellulitis, ...
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Waldmann, Carl, Andrew Rhodes, Neil Soni et Jonathan Handy. « Infection and inflammation ». Dans Oxford Desk Reference : Critical Care, 503–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0028.
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This chapter discusses infection and inflammation and includes discussion on the general principles of infection control (involving discussion on ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary catheters, antimicrobial stewardship and resistance, and prevention of transmission of infection), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; HIV testing in the critical care setting, antiretroviral therapy in the critically ill patient, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis, and toxoplasmosis encephalitis), severe falciparum malaria, vasculitides in the intensive care unit, source control (prophylaxis, antibiotics, abscess, necrotic tissue, and infected foreign body), selective decontamination of the digestive tract (including discussion on theory, potential pathogenic microorganisms, and typical protocol), markers of infection, and adrenal insufficiency and sepsis.
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Melzer, Mark. « Multisystem Infections ». Dans Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0036.
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Many bacterial infections can cause multisystem or metastatic infection, commonly through haematogenous spread, with preferred sites or tropism depending upon specific organism. For example, Staphylococcus aureus is a well-recognized cause of infective endocarditis, joint infection, and vertebral osteomyelitis. Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause endogenous endophthalmitis in association with a pyogenic liver abscess, a syndrome well described in East Asia. Streptococcus pneumoniae typically causes lower respiratory tract infections or bacterial meningitis. The combination of meningitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis is called ‘Austrian syndrome’ and is strongly associated with hyposplenism or alcohol abuse. Other examples of bacteria that disseminate and cause multisystem infection are covered elsewhere. C. albicans or non-albicans species in the blood can metastasize to the eye (causing chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis) or to the heart (causing infective endocarditis). The primary sites of infection are commonly the GI tract or intravascular catheters, and high-risk groups include patients who have recently undergone abdominal surgery, received multiple courses of intravenous antibiotics, and are receiving total parenteral nutrition. Empirical treatment is with either IV liposomal amphotericin or an echinocandin before stepping down to an oral azole, commonly fluconazole at a dose of 400mg od. Because of the risk of metastatic spread, minimum duration is normally two weeks after the first negative blood culture. Cryptococcosis is caused by one of two species: Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii. Unlike C. neoformans, C. gattii can cause infection in immunocompetent people. The clinical syndrome, Cryptococcosis, is an opportunistic infection for AIDS, but other conditions that predispose to infection are lymphoma, sarcoidosis, liver cirrhosis, and corticosteroids. Following inhalation, cryptococci can disseminate to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cause meningitis. Occasionally, Cryptococcoma—umbilicated papules on the skin— can occur. Symptoms are often subacute and include fever and dry cough. Following dissemination to the CSF, headache and confusion can occur. Diagnosis is based upon detection of capsular antigen by latex particle agglutination or culture, typically from blood or CSF. For meningitis, treatment consists of three phases. The induction phase is two weeks of IV liposomal amphotericin and flucytosine, followed by consolidation with eight weeks of oral fluconazole 800mg once daily, then finally secondary prophylaxis, 200mg orally once daily.
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Robinson, Esther. « Haemophilus influenzae ». Dans Oxford Textbook of Medicine, sous la direction de Christopher P. Conlon, 1066–70. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0117.
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Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative bacillus that is an exclusively human pathogen and commensal. There are six capsular serotypes (a–f), of which type b (Hib) is a major cause of childhood infectious disease. Transmission occurs by close bodily contact, the main source being other children. Carriage of the organism may be followed by disease in susceptible individuals. In infants, Hib causes symptoms ranging from a mild non-specific febrile illness (occult bacteraemia) to fully blown sepsis with meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, or cellulitis. Non-typeable H. influenzae are common nasopharyngeal commensals and cause otitis media and conjunctivitis in children. In adults, non-typeable H. influenzae cause exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. Other Haemophilus species, including H. parainfluenzae, are common commensals and rare causes of infective endocarditis and other sepsis.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Pneumonia; Meningitis"
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Lefrere, J. J., D. Vittecoq, D. Gozin et J. Modai. « CIRCULATING ANTICOAGULANT IN AIDS ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644859.
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The frequency of a circulating anticoagulant has been reported to be high in AIDS, in particular in case of Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia (Pep). Twenty-five non-hemophiliac patients (23 homosexual males,1 drug addict, 1 tranfused) with AIDS were followed over a six month period. Mean age was 32 (21-42). All patients had a markedly decreased T4/T8 ratio (mean 0.12), a low absolute T4 level (mean : 155/mm3), an elevated total serum immunoglobulins level.Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombintime and thrombin time were measured once a week during hospitalisation. A prolonged APTT (more than 10 seconds as compared to controls) with normal prothrombin time and thrombin time was found only once in 11patients and in two or more occasions in two others.No specific factor level of intrinsic pathway wasfound low enough to explain a prolonged APTT.Evidenceofcirculating anticoagulant (failure to correct aprolonged APTT by equal mixure of normal plasma and patient plasma) was found in all these 13 patients.Nothrombotic or haemorraghic manifestations occured.AIDS manifestations were 2 Pep.1 cytomegalovirus retinitis. 2 Kaposi's sarcomas, 1 Hodgkin's disease, 2 mycobacterium avium intracellulare pulmonary infection, 4 central nervous system toxoplasmosis, 1 Cryptococcus meningitis. Amongst the 12 patients with normal APTT,3_Pcp, 2 cytomegalovirus retinitis. 2 Kaposi's sarcomas, 2 central nervous system toxoplasmosis, 1 unexplained fever, and 2 oesophagus candidiasis were diagnosed. A transiently prolonged APTT associated to a circulating inhibitor seems to be common in AIDS. Weobserved this anomaly in 52 % (13/25). In our five cases of Pcp, 3 had normal APTT. During other opportunistic infections, the circulating inhibitor was found.The similar complications seen in two groups suggest that a circulating anticoagulant is not specifically associated to any opportunistic infection and any malignancybut appearr independently from these circumstances.
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Alves, Sabrina Santos, et Milena Soares Dos Santos. « COLONIZAÇÃO NASOFARÍNGEA POR STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE NO BRASIL : UMA BREVE REVISÃO DE LITERATURA ». Dans I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1187.
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Introdução: Streptococcus pneumoniae é uma bactéria Gram positiva que comumente coloniza a nasofaringe e a orofaringe de indivíduos saudáveis. Em 2010, o Brasil se tornou pioneiro na introdução da vacina pneumocócica conjugada decavalente (PCV10) como parte do calendário de imunização nacional infantil. Ainda que a estratégia de imunoprevenção esteja disponível, este patógeno permanece como importante causa de doenças que variam em severidade como: otite média, pneumonia e meningite. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de colonização de S.pneumoniae em crianças menores de 5 anos, a taxa de resistência antimicrobiana em isolados e o impacto da PCV10 no Brasil. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura não sistemática a partir da seleção de artigos científicos disponíveis na base de dados Pubmed. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores acrescidos do termo booleano “AND”: "carrier state", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Brazil" e "children". Após seleção, foram encontrados 9 artigos originais publicados entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2020, disponíveis online em texto completo e de acesso livre. A coleta de dados foi conduzida inicialmente a partir de leitura exploratória do resumo de todo o material selecionado, seguido de leitura seletiva mais aprofundada das publicações. Destes, dois artigos foram incluídos para análise. As informações extraídas foram registradas em tabela no programa Excel (Microsoft for Windows versão 10, 2013) contendo informações sobre título, autores, ano de publicação, desenho e local do estudo, prevalência de colonização, número de isolados, resistência antimicrobiana e efeito da vacinação. Resultados: A revisão revelou elevada prevalência de colonização nas crianças não vacinadas com a PCV10 em comparação com as já vacinadas (19,8% vs 1,8%, respectivamente). Entretanto, houve aumento do sorotipo 6C e de outros sorotipos não vacinais. Novos sorotipos emergentes tem se destacado, bem como, aumento de isolados multidroga resistentes. Conclusão: A vacinação tem se mostrado efetiva e condizente com as expectativas para a população alvo. Entretanto, o monitoramento das cepas circulantes é necessário no que tange ao perfil epidemiológico da colonização nasofaríngea e os isolados de doença invasiva. A resistência a múltiplos antimicrobianos destaca a importância do uso racional de medicamentos, para que não se restrinjam as opções terapêuticas.
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Miller, Bradley, et Priya Navaneethan. « Neisseria Meningitidis Pneumonia In A 36 Year Old Pregnant Woman ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4601.
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Lopez Ramos, MG, Á. Pertierra Cortada, A. Alarcón Allen, N. Carreras Blesa, B. Palenzuela Afonso, S. Luque Pardos, S. Grau Cerrato et R. Farré Riba. « 4CPS-061 Extended infusion of meropenem in a neonate with complicated klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis ». Dans 24th EAHP Congress, 27th–29th March 2019, Barcelona, Spain. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.210.
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Egbring, R., R. Seitz, M. Wolf, L. Lerch et T. Menges. « PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR COMPLEXES (PIC) IN SEPTIC AND NON-SEPTIC SHOCK. COAGULATION ; LEUKOCYTE AND BACTERIAL PROTEASE INHIBITION BY MEANS OF PLASMA-INHIBITOR REPLACEMENT ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644244.
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In septic or cardiac shock antithrombin III-thrombin (AT III-Thr) and a1antitrypsin-elastase(a1AT-ELP) as well as a2antiplas-min-plasmin (a2AP-Pl) are found to be elevated to different extents. In cardiac shock AT III-Thr is predominantly increased, while in septic disorders a2AT-ELP as indicator of leukocyte stimulation is additionally found to be elevated. Stimuli for leukocyte activation are bacterial endotoxins, immune complexes, factor Xlla and others. The possible action of bacterial proteases during septic infections is only known in animal models. To stop hemorrhagic complications in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) following septic (n=24) or non-septic (n=15) shock, we treated the patients with AT III concentrate and FFP in relatively high amounts containing a2macroglobulin (a2M), a1antitrypsin (a1AT) and others which are not available as concentrates. Subsequent to the procedure PIC's decreased, coagulation factors and inhibitors as well as thrombocyte counts increased. In in vitro models bacterial proteases have been shown to destroy a1AT, activate prothrombin and others. Only a2M may inhibit proteolytic activity of Staph aureus, N. meningitidis, P. aeroginosa and K1. pneumoniae and E. coli as our in vitro studies, using fibrin plates containing a2M, demonstrated. Not only bleeding or microthrombotic complications might be influenced by plasma derivative substitution, but also proteases released from bacteria
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Domingues, Lohraine Talia, Mariana Kely Diniz Gomes De Lima, Paulo Schumann Neto, Isabela Reis Manzoli et Diego Bezerra Soares. « MECANISMOS DE RESISTÊNCIA AOS ANTIBIÓTICOS BETALACTÂMICOS PELOS STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ». Dans II Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1446.
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Introdução: A bactéria Staphylococcus aureus é uma das mais perigosas infecções estafilocócicas resistentes a antibióticos, sobretudo porque possui alta capacidade de virulência, liberação de toxinas e conseguem se disseminar rapidamente nas regiões cutâneas, pulmonares, válvulas cardíacas e ósseas. Ademais, essas bactérias são classificadas como gram-positivas, em forma de esferas (cocos) que podem provocar espinhas e furúnculos, inclusive acometimentos mais graves, como pneumonia, meningite, endocardite, síndrome do choque tóxico e septicemia. Objetivos: Devido a elevada prevalência no número de casos e a resistência aos antibióticos betalactâmicos essa doença pode ser considerada de grande relevância ao estudo médico. Nesse contexto, são necessários mais estudos que esclareçam a padronização dessa patologia. Com isso, foi levantado a seguinte problemática: “Quais seriam os mecanismos de resistência aos antibióticos betalactâmicos pelos Staphylococcus aureus?”. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa consiste em uma revisão de literatura retrospectiva, com o objetivo de entender os aspectos de resistência aos antibióticos betalactâmicos pelos Staphylococcus aureus. Resultados: A partir desse estudo foi possível observar que as bactérias por meio da alta capacidade de replicação, conseguiram produzir algumas enzimas e estruturas que conferem um fator de resistência aos antibióticos, tais como: aderência, a cápsula de ácido hialurônico, a proteína M e outras enzimas. Nesse sentido, a enzima que mais se destaca é a betalactamase que é capaz de inibir a ação dos antibióticos betalactâmicos favorecendo ainda mais a patogenicidade durante a infecção. Conclusão: Por meio desse estudo, observou-se acentuada resistência bacteriana do Staphylococcus aureus através da capacidade de produzir enzimas principalmente a betalactamase responsável pelo fator de inviabilização dos antibióticos betalactâmicos.
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Filippis, Ivano, Claudia Andrade, Aline Azevedo et Antonio Almeida. « Development of an identification system of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in clinical samples, by qPCR-HRM ». Dans IV International Symposium on Immunobiologicals & VII Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2019_32770.
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Santos, Joana Darc Silva, et Ana Karla Araújo Montenegro. « ESTREPTOCOCOS B COMO CAUSA DE INFECÇÃO EM MULHERES GRÁVIDAS : UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA ». Dans I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1158.
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Introdução: Os estreptococos do grupo B (EGB) ou Streptococcus agalactiae, são bactérias gram-positivas, catalase-negativas, anaeróbias facultativas, que apresentam forma esférica ou ovóide, agrupando-se em cadeia, sendo um comensal comum do trato genital feminino; estando ainda, relacionada a infecções invasivas em recém-nascidos (como sepse, meningite e pneumonia). A incidência de colonização no trato genital de gestantes, relacionada às complicações da evolução da gravidez, varia de 10% a 30% e a transmissão vertical ocorre em 30 a 70% dos recém-nascidos. Objetivos: o presente estudo objetivou analisar através da literatura específica, as infecções neonatais por EGB, a fim de apresentar as possíveis consequências da colonização e a relevância do diagnóstico para a detecção pré-parto da bactéria, inspirando estratégias para a redução significativa da incidência. Material e métodos: as informações para este estudo foram levantadas a partir de artigos em revistas científicas, publicados em português, espanhol e inglês, num recorte temporal de 2001 a 2021, nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e MEDLINE. Resultados: foram encontrados 1.476 artigos utilizando as palavras chave, gravidez e Streptococcus agalactiae. Entretanto, visto a inespecificidade dos artigos, utilizamos os que apresentavam os descritores do título, totalizando para abordagem neste estudo 79 artigos. Após a leitura dos resumos, 23 estudos foram avaliados por completo, obtendo um número final de 9 artigos que demonstraram a importância para o tema proposto no estudo. Embora a abrangência dos exames pré-natais tenha aumentado, observa-se que ainda hoje a cultura do EGB, não é realizada de forma rotineira durante o pré-natal, o que explica a alta prevalência de colonização materna e, consequentemente, de doenças neonatais. Conclusão: diante da escassez de informações específicas sobre a doença, fica evidente a necessidade de novos estudos no Brasil a fim de subsidiar o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de saúde, no intuito de fortalecer a atenção dada pelos órgãos responsáveis ao rastreamento do patógeno e a profilaxia durante o acompanhamento pré-natal.