Thèses sur le sujet « Pneumonia; Meningitis »
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Reid, Nicholas. « Clinical, microbiological and molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311200.
Texte intégralNayeri, Fariba. « Hepatocyte growth factor : studies on local and systemic release and effects during infectious diseases : in vivo and in vitro / ». Linköping, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med739s.pdf.
Texte intégralHaddar, Cyrille Hedi. « Développement et évaluation de tests antigéniques rapides pour le diagnostic d’infections méningococciques et pneumococciques ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES065.
Texte intégralNowadays, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are essential tools for an urgent response in infectious diseases. Many tests are available to search for different pathogens (HIV, group A streptococcus, plasmodium ...) in various biological samples (urine, cerebrospinal fluid or CSF, blood ...). The main advantages of this mode of diagnosis are speed, simplicity of implementation, including by non-specialists or outside a laboratory structure, and reasonable cost. In this “CIFRE” (industrial) thesis, we present three RDTs based on lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIA) that we contributed to develop and evaluate.The first TDR targets Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium responsible for severe outbreaks of meningitis in resource-limited countries, in CSF samples. This RDT is the only LFIA-type commercial test that can detect 5 of the 6 major serogroups involved in the disease (A/C/W/X/Y). A study published under the authority of the meningococci reference centre at the Institut Pasteur of Paris showed the excellent performances of this test on nearly 560 CSF samples collected from 6 countries including 5 in Africa.The second TDR targets Streptococcus pneumoniae in urine and CSF; it is also intended to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. This test, coupled with the previous one, is the object of a multicentric study presently conducted in West Africa under cover of WHO.The third TDR is an avatar of the previous one but was dedicated to respiratory secretions. Called PneumoResp, it introduces the concept of semi-quantitative RDT. It proposes to perform the test on undiluted secretions and, in the case of positive result, on 1:100-diluted secretions. We present an algorithm (which is the object of a patent pending appraisal) that aims to differentiate S. pneumoniae carriage from invasive infection by this germ in children. Compared to conventional techniques (semi-quantitative culture and qPCR assays), the test performed on 196 respiratory specimens showed an excellent sensitivity and a very good negative predictive value, allowing to exclude or suspect an active S. pneumoniae infection as soon as the first day
Haylom, Berhane Luwam. « Clinical Presentation of Invasive Meningococcal Disease caused by Serogroup W and Y- a Systematic Review ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68125.
Texte intégralSilva, Junior Jailton de Azevedo. « Impacto da vacina pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente (PCV10) na meningite pneumocócica na região metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14244.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
INTRODUÇÃO: Em 2010, a vacina conjugada 10-valente (PCV10) foi incorporada ao programa nacional de imunizações (PNI) brasileiro. Este imunobiológico confere imunização contra os dez principais tipos capsulares de Streptococcus pneumoniae, patógeno responsável por diversas manifestações clínicas e com elevada contribuição nas taxas de incidência e mortalidade por meningite, que é a condição clínica mais grave. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da PCV10 na epidemiologia da meningite pneumocócica na região metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) Bahia, comparando o período anterior (2008-2010) e posterior (2011-2013) a sua utilização, bem como realizar uma caracterização molecular minuciosa a partir de uma série histórica (1996-2012) entre os isolados resistentes a penicilina (PNSSP com CIM≥ 0,125 μg/mL) e para os sorotipos não-vacinais (2008-2012). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos todos casos de meningite pneumocócica confirmados laboratorialmente no período entre 1996 a 2013. Taxas de incidência para a Salvador e RMS foram calculadas com base nos dados populacionais do IBGE/2010. A determinação do tipo capsular foi realizada através da técnica de Multiplex-PCR e/ou reação de Quellung. A sensibilidade a nove antimicrobianos foi testada através das técnicas disco-difusão, microdiluição e E-test. Para caracterizar o perfil molecular foram aplicadas as técnicas de genotipagem de PFGE e MLST. RESULTADOS: Um total de 939 casos de meningite pneumocócica foram identificados no período de 1996- 2013, sendo que 70 casos ocorrem entre 2011 a 2013 (período pós-vacinal). A incidência de meningite pneumocócica em todas as faixas etárias na RMS reduziu de 0,70 casos/100.000 habitantes para 0,59 casos/100.000 habitantes considerando o período de três anos antes e após a vacinação com PCV10 [p< 0,05; RR IC 95%: 1,46 (1,03-2,05)]. Esta redução foi significativa na faixa etária de 0-2 anos e nos casos por sorotipos relacionados à PCV10. Não houve aumento significativo de casos por sorotipos não vacinais nesta casuística, apesar do surgimento de casos por sorotipos não-vacinais não detectados anteriormente na série histórica de MP (10F, 21, 22F, 15A e 24F). Os isolados resistentes à penicilina analisados na série histórica se restringiram a 13 sorotipos, entre os quais: 14 (45,1 %; 78/173), 23F (19,1%; 33/173), 6B (14,4 %; 25/173), 19F (9,2 %; 16/173) e 19A (5,2 %; 9/173). 94% dos casos nãosusceptíveis à penicilina (PNSSP) foram de sorotipos vacinais. Os grupos clonais caracterizados pelo PFGE/MLST predominantes ao longo dos anos foram representados pelo sorotipo 14, denominado grupo A/ST 66 [35,3 % (61/173)] e grupo GK/ST 156 [4.6 % (8/173)], este último associado com níveis elevados de resistência a penicilina e ceftriaxona. Não foram detectados grupos clonais emergentes associados a tipos capsulares não-vacinais. CONCLUSÕES: Estes achados sugerem que a introdução da PCV10 modificou a epidemiologia da meningite pneumocócica na população estudada.
INTRODUCTION: In 2010, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced into the Brazilian national immunization program (NIP). This immunobiological provides immunization against the main ten capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pathogen responsible for different clinical manifestations and high contribution in the incidence and mortality from meningitis, which is the most severe clinical condition. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PCV10 in the epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in the metropolitan area of Salvador (RMS) Bahia, comparing the previous (2008-2010) and after (2011-2013) periods its use, as well as conduct a thorough molecular characterization from a historical series (1996-2012) among isolates resistant to penicillin (PNSSP with CIM≥ 0.125 g / ml) and nonvaccine serotypes (2008-2012). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included all cases of pneumococcal meningitis laboratory confirmed for the period 1996 to 2013. Incidence rates for Salvador and RMS were calculated based on population data from IBGE/2010. The capsular type determination was performed by multiplex PCR and/or Quellung reaction. Isolates Nine antibiotics were tested by disk-diffusion test, broth micro-dilution and E-test. To characterize the molecular profiling techniques were applied genotyping PFGE and MLST. RESULTS: A total of 939 cases of pneumococcal meningitis were identified during 1996-2013 period, with 70 cases occurring between 2011-2013 (post-vaccination period). The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in all age groups in the RMS decreased from 0.70 cases / 100,000 inhabitants to 0.59 cases / 100,000 inhabitants considering the three-year period before and after vaccination with PCV10 [p <0.05; RR 95% CI: 1.46 (1.03 to 2.05)]. This reduction was significant in the age group 0-2 years and in cases by serotypes related to PCV10. There was no significant increase in cases by serotypes not vaccine in this series, despite the emergence of cases by serotypes not-vaccine previously undetected in the historical series of MP (10F, 21, 22F, 15A and 24F). The penicillin resistant isolates analyzed the historical series were restricted to 13 serotypes, including: 14 (45.1%; 78/173), 23F (19.1%; 33/173), 6B (14.4%; 25/173), 19F (9.2%, 16/173) and 19A (5.2%, 9/173). 94% of nonsusceptible to penicillin cases (PNSSP) were vaccine serotypes. Clonal groups characterized by PFGE / MLST predominant over the years have been represented by serotype 14, group called A / ST 66 [35.3% (61/173)] and Group GK / TS 156 [4.6% (8/173) ], the latter associated with elevated levels of penicillin and ceftriaxone resistance. Not were detected emerging clonal groups associated with capsular types non-vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the introduction of PCV10 changed the epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in the population studied.
Weisfelt, Martijn. « Pneumococcal meningitis in adults ». [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/39634.
Texte intégralMoraes, José Cassio de. « Epidemiologia das meningites bacterianas por Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae e enterobactérias no município de São Paulo, 1960-77 ». Universidade de São Paulo, 1988. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-18122017-115821/.
Texte intégralBacterial meningitis is an intectious disease of major public health throughout the world because of its high incidence and case fatality rates and the permanent sequelae that are seen in the survivors. Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the etiologic agents responsible for 60 to 80 per cent of cases. The purpose of this study is to better understand the epidemiology of meningitis caused by H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and gram-negative bacilli, especially, the Enterobacteriaceae, in the city of São Paulo during the period 1960-77. The survey was performed by a group of professors from the Department of Social Medicine of the \"Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo\", public health physicians and medical students. Data were obtained directly from the patient\'s records and registered on a pre-coded form. Cases of H.influenzae meningitis were confirmed by culture while S.pneumoniae cases were confirmed by gram stain and/or culture of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSP). The cases of gram negative bacillary meningitis were divided into three groups. The first included the cases that were diagnosed by gram stain and culture; the second, the cases where salmonella species were isolated in the culture: and the third, the cases where the presence of other Enterobacteriaceae were identified. The districts of the city of São Paulo were grouped in three ways: two corresponding to the homogenous areas specified by the \"Fundação SEADE\", and the third one based on the distribution of the economically active population according to its participation in the different branches of economic activity. The population of São Paulo by districts included in the study was estimated by the modified geometric method. During the study, 900 cases ot H. influenzae meningitis were confirmed, giving an average rate ot 0.89 cases per 100,000 population. Children <5 years old represented 91 per cent ot the cases, 63 per cent of them being less than one year old . The average rate for children <1 year old was 23.3 cases per 10O,OOO population. The average case fatality rate for the period 1960-77 was 31 per cent . The hightest case fatality rate ocurred in children <1 year old and was 40 per cent . The central, intermediate and peripheria zones didn\'t show significant different rates of incidence. The age standartized morbidity rates for these zones were, respectively, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.9. During 1960-77, 1,951 cases of S.pneumoniae meningitis were confirmed, giving an average rate of 1.9 per 100,000 population. Children <5 years old accounted for 52.4 per cent ot cases and 38.5 per cent were
Østergaard, Andersen Christian. « Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis : clinical and experimental studies / ». KøbenhavnLægeforeningens Forlag : Lægeforeningens Forlag, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015627763&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Texte intégralSantos, Milena Soares dos. « Análise da composição clonal dos streptococcus pneumoniae não susceptíveis a penicilina em casos de meningite ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2010. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4255.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
O Streptococcus pneumoniae permanece como principal causa de doenças infecciosas que conduzem a elevada morbi-mortalidade em todas as faixas etárias, principalmente nas crianças. Desde a década de 1990, a resistência antimicrobiana deste microrganismo tem aumentado mundialmente, representando mais de 30% de resistência à penicilina em todos os isolados de doença pneumocócica invasiva em algumas áreas geográficas. Neste estudo, relatamos os casos identificados através de uma vigilância ativa para a meningite bacteriana em Salvador, Bahia, no período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 2007. Para avaliar o perfil de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos isolados dos pacientes com meningite por S.pneumoniae, utilizamos a microdiluição em caldo e isolados com CIM de penicilina ≥ 0.125μg/mL foram considerados como não-susceptíveis à penicilina (PNSP). A diversidade clonal foi estudada por Box-A PCR, PFGE e MLST e a distribuição de pili foi investigada em 133 amostras, selecionadas de forma aleatória em cada grupo clonal, através das técnicas de PCR e seqüenciamento do gene rlrA. Um total de 748 pacientes com meningite por S.pneumoniae foi identificado durante os 12 anos de vigilância. Foram encontrados 135 (19%) isolados de S. pneumoniae não-susceptíveis à penicilina sendo que destes, 85 (63%) eram crianças <5 anos de idade e 28 (20,7%) dos pacientes apresentavam alguma doença precedendo a meningite. A incidência média anual de PNSP foi estimada em 2,47 por 100.000 habitantes para todas as faixas etárias, 1,69 casos/100.000 habitantes para crianças menores de 5 anos e 1,37 casos/100.000 habitantes para crianças menores de 1 ano. A taxa de letalidade obtida para todas as idades foi de 39,2%. Os sorotipos mais prevalentes entre os isolados de PNSP foram: 14 (46,7%; 63/135) 23F (17,8%; 24/135), 6B (14,8%; 20/135), 19F (8,1%; 11/135) e 19A (4,4%; 6 / 135). Os isolados do sorotipo 14 foram identificados como o grupo clonal predominante 32,6% (44/135) e foram caracterizados como ST66 e como ST156 com alta resistência à ceftriaxona. Os outros sorotipos apresentaram maior diversidade clonal e novos STs foram encontrados, entre outros sorogrupos. Foram detectados 22% (29/133) de isolados portadores de pili, independente de composição clonal ou perfil de resistência. Baseada na vacina pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente, prevista para ser implementada no Brasil este ano, esperamos 89% de proteção contra PNSP em crianças menores de 5 anos de idade. As alterações previstas na população pneumocócica, ao longo dos anos após a implementação desta vacina, ressaltam a importância do monitoramento através de vigilância ativa.
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains an important cause of infectious diseases leading to high morbidity and mortality in all age groups, especially in children. Since the 1990s, resistance of this organism to penicillin has emerged worldwide accounting for >30% of all invasive pneumococcal isolates in some geographic areas. In this study, active surveillance for bacterial meningitis was performed from January 1996 to December 2007. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing used broth microdilution and isolates with penicillin MIC ≥ 0.125μg/mL were considered penicillin non-susceptible. Clonal diversity was studied by Box-A PCR, PFGE and MLST and pili detection was determinated by PCR and sequencing of rlrA gene. A total of 748 patients with pneumococcal meningitis were identified during 12 years of surveillance. We found 135 (19%) S. pneumoniae isolates to be penicillin-nonsusceptible, which 85 (63%) were children < 5 years age and 28 (20.7%) patients had previous acute illness. The annual incidence of PNSP was estimated to 2.47 per 100,000 for all age groups, 1.69 cases/100.000 population for children younger than 5 years, and 1.37 cases/100.000 inhabitants for children under 1 year. The case-fatality rate obtained for all ages was 39.2%. The most prevalent serotypes PNSP isolates were among the 14 (46.7%; 63/135), 23F (17.8%; 24/135), 6B (14.8%; 20/135), 19F (8.1%; 11/135) and 19A (4.4%; 6/135). Serotype 14 isolates were identified as the predominant clonal group [32.6% (44/135)] and were characterized as ST66 and as ST156 with high resistance to ceftriaxone. The other serotypes were more diverse and new ST´s were found among others serogroups. We detected 22% (29/133) of pili positive among the isolates, independently of clonal patterns or susceptibility profile. Based on 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine, which will be implemented in Brazil in 2010, we expect 89% protection against PNSP in children < 5 years of age. Changes in the pneumococcal population over the coming years following implementation of this vaccine should be monitoring throughout active surveillance.
Anjos, Eder Silva dos. « Caracterização molecular de sorotipos não-vacinais de Streptococcus pneumoniae isolados de pacientes com meningite em Salvador, antes e após a implementação da vacina conjugada PCV-10 ». Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2013. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8396.
Texte intégralMade available in DSpace on 2014-09-18T13:52:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eder Silva dos Anjos. Caracterização...2013.pdf: 1214899 bytes, checksum: 285b9e9fed3b500c66d7173ea5a7c440 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
O advento das vacinas pneumocócicas conjugadas veio contribuir de forma decisiva para a redução da incidência dos casos de doença invasiva por S. pneumoniae em vários países do mundo. Em contrapartida, tem-se verificado um aumento de casos decorrentes de sorotipos não vacinais, que escapam da vacina e reduzem o seu efeito a partir da expansão de clones pré-existentes com consequente substituição de sorotipos e/ou do fenômeno de troca capsular (capsular switching). No Brasil, a vacina conjugada 10-valente (PCV10) foi introduzida no calendário nacional de imunização a partir de 2010. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar através de técnicas fenotípicas e moleculares os sorotipos não-vacinais (SNVT) de S.pneumoniae, isolados de pacientes com meningite nos períodos anterior (janeiro/2008 - junho/2010) e posterior (julho/2010 - dezembro/2012) à implementação da vacina pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente (PCV10), na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Os isolados de S. pneumoniae foram identificados através de métodos microbiológicos clássicos e a determinação do tipo capsular foi realizada através da técnica de Multiplex-PCR e/ou reação de Quellung. A sensibilidade a oito antimicrobianos foi realizada através da técnica de microdiluição em caldo e a caracterização genotípica por intermédio das técnicas de PFGE e MLST. Foram identificados 170 casos de meningite pneumocócica durante a vigilância epidemiológica realizada no Hospital Couto Maia, em Salvador, com 148 apresentando cultura positiva para S. pneumoniae a partir do líquor e/ou hemocultura. A incidência da meningite pneumocócica reduziu de 0,9/100.000 habitantes (2008) para 0,36/100.000 habitantes (2012). No período pré-vacinal, os SNVT mais frequentes foram: 3 (n=6; 12%), 19A (n=4; 8%), 6A (n=4, 8%); no período pós-vacinal os SNVT 12F (n=6; 22,2%), 10A (n=3; 11,1%), 15B (n=2; 7,4%) e 18B (n=2; 7,4%) foram os mais frequentes. Cerca de 78% dos isolados apresentaram resistência a um ou mais antibióticos. A não susceptibilidade à penicilina foi encontrada nos sorotipos 19A (3 isolados), 9N (1 isolado) e 12F (1 isolado). Por PFGE, foi observada uma grande diversidade genética com a maioria (66,2%) dos isolados pertencendo a grupos não clonais. O grupo clonal X foi composto por dois isolados do sorotipo 19A (ST2878), do período pré-vacinal, não susceptível à penicilina. A técnica de MLST realizada em 26 isolados permitiu a identificação de quatro novos STs e apresença de STs (ST180, ST193 e ST218) genotipicamente semelhantes aos clones mundiais Netherlands3-31, Greece21-30 e Denmark12F-34. É necessária a continuidade da vigilância epidemiológica da meningite pneumocócica, visando avaliar os efeitos benéficos da vacinação e a dinâmica da distribuição de sorotipos em nossa região.
The licensure and subsequent widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have contributed for the reduction in the overall incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease worldwide. However, the emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nonvaccine serotypes (SNVT), which escape from the vaccine by the expansion of pre-existing clones following serotype replacement and/or by capsular switching is a matter of concern. In 2010, Brazil introduced the 10-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) into its routine National Immunization Program. Our aim was to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic profile of S. pneumoniae non-vacine serotypes (SNVT) isolated from patients with meningitis before (January 2008 – June 2010) and after (July 2010 – December 2012) the introduction of PCV10 in Salvador, Bahia. The pneumococcal isolates were identified by classical microbiological methods and submitted to capsular deduction by multiplex-PCR and/or Quellung reaction. The antimicrobial susceptibility was performed the broth microdilution method. The genotypic profile was assessed by PFGE and MLST. We identified 170 cases of pneumococcal meningitis during the epidemiological surveillance at the Hospital Couto Maia, in Salvador, with 148 showing positive culture for S. pneumoniae from the cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood culture. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis decreased from 0.9/100.000 (2008) to 0.36/100.000 inhabitants (2012). In the pre-vaccine period the most frequent SNVT were: 3 (n=6, 12%), 19A (n=4, 8%), 6A (n=4, 8%). In the post-vaccine period, the SNVT 12F (n=6, 22.2%), 10A (n=3, 11.1%), 15B (n=2, 7.4%) and 18B (n=2, 7.4%) were the most prevalent. About 78% of the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. The non-susceptibility to penicillin was found among serotypes 19A (3 isolates), 9N (1 isolate) and 12F (1 isolate). By PFGE, a wide genetic diversity was found with the majority of the isolates (66.2%) belonging to non-clonal groups. The clonal group X comprised two isolates of the serotype 19A (ST2878) from the pre-vaccine period presenting non-susceptibilty to penicillin. MLST assay performed in 26 isolates allowed the identification of four new STs and the presence of STs (ST180, ST193 and ST218) with genotipic similarities of the worldwide clones Netherlands3-31, Greece21-30 and Denmark12F-34. Continued surveillance studies are necessary to evaluate the benefits of vaccination and the serotype dynamics in our region
Casalta, Jean-Paul. « Pneumonies et meningites a germe inconnu ». Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20809.
Texte intégralHoffmann, Olaf Martin [Verfasser]. « Pathophysiologische Untersuchungen zur Meningitis durch Streptococcus pneumoniae / Olaf Martin Hoffmann ». Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1022911201/34.
Texte intégralMeli, Damian. « Current concepts in the pathogenesis of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Texte intégralMarcon, Isabella. « Sorotipos, clones e susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de Streptococcus Pneumoniae isolados em amostras de líquor no Estado do Paraná ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/25808.
Texte intégralBraun, Johann Sebastian. « Hirnschädigung bei der Pneumokokkenmeningitis ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14882.
Texte intégralBacterial meningitis often causes motor deficits, seizures, hearing loss or cognitive impairment, despite adequate bacterial killing by antibiotics. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of adult bacterial meningitis damaging the hippocampus by inducing neuronal apoptosis. Neuronal hippocampal apoptosis in experimental pneumococcal meningitis was mediated in part by caspase-3 and derived from the inflammatory response in the cerebrospinal fluid. Caspase inhibition and blocking of intrathecal inflammation significantly reduced hippocampal neuronal cell death. However, both strategies did not prevent completely neuronal death indicating caspase- and inflammation-independent mechanisms. Bacterial factors play an essential role in neuronal apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Exposure of neurons to live pneumococci in vitro in the absence of inflammation induced rapid apoptosis, which was not associated with the activation of caspases. Rather, apoptosis was attributed to rapid increase of intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species and early damage to mitochondria. This was followed by the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria, its nuclear translocation and apoptosis. Furthermore, intracytoplasmatic microinjection of AIF-specific antiserum markedly impaired pneumococcus-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that mitochondrial damage and AIF play a central role in brain cell apoptosis and bacterial pathogenesis. Two key toxins of Streptococcus pneumoniae inducing apoptosis were identified in in vitro and in vivo experiments: pneumolysin and hydrogen peroxide. Pneumolysin induced increases of intracellular calcium, damage of mitochondria and release of AIF. Chelating calcium effectively blocked AIF release and cell death. Infection with pneumococci unable to produce pneumolysin and hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. New adjunctive therapeutic strategies in clinics may result from caspase-inhibition, blocking of inflammation, anti-oxidative strategies and inactivation of bacterial toxins.
Magdelaine, François. « Etude de l'activité bactéricide de cinq associations d'antibiotiques sur cinq souches de "S. Pneumoniae" en vue d'une application thérapeutique dans le traitement des méningites à pneumocoque résistant à la péniciline G ». Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P061.
Texte intégralHalle, Annett. « Streptococcus pneumoniae induziert Apoptose in zerebralen Endothelzellen ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15193.
Texte intégralDespite sufficient antibiotic treatment, pneumococcal meningitis has remained a disease associated with high mortality and neurological sequelae. The disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is regarded a key event in the initial phase of pneumococcal meningitis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if living pneumococci are able to induce apoptosis in cerebral endothelial cells - the main cellular component of BBB - and therefore might contribute to its damage. Using several different detection methods (TUNEL, fluorescence and electron microscopy), induction of apoptotic cell death of endothelial cells by pneumococci could be verified. An accompanying activation of caspases was not detectable, despite the use of specific detection techniques such as inhibition experiments, direct enzyme measurements and detection of caspase-specific protein cleavage. These results as well as the specific nuclear morphology and degradation of endothelial DNA suggest an involvement of the mitochondrial protein Apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). This is the first time this specific form of apoptotic, AIF-driven cell death has been described to be engaged in endothelial cells. On the part of the bacterium, pneumolysin and hydrogen peroxide were identified as the two main inducers of apoptosis. The cytotoxic potency of pneumolysin is related to its pore-forming activity. These results are of clinical relevance since pneumococci are known to reside in close proximity to cerebral endothelial cells during bacteriemia and their entry into the CNS. These findings could contribute to the development of adjuvant treatment of bacterial meningitis.
Lees, John Andrew. « Host and pathogen genetics associated with pneumococcal meningitis ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269395.
Texte intégralMilioli, Graziele Lodetti. « Avaliação do efeito do tratamento com imipramina em modelo animal de meningite pneumocócica ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2013. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/1690.
Texte intégralPneumococcal meningitis is a severe infectious disease of the central nervous system. This pathology is associated with acute inflammation and can cause damage to the host, such as deafness, blindness, seizure and learning deficits. Furthermore, infectious diseases can play a significant role in the etiology of neuro psychiatric disturbances. In this context, it was evaluated the depressive-like behavior in pneumococcal meningitis survivor rats. Wistar rats weighing 250-300g were underwent a magna cistern tap receiving either 10μL sterile saline or a Streptococcus pneumoniae suspension at the concentration 5×109 cfu/mL. After 3 days of the meningitis induction, the animals were treated with imipramine at 10 mg/kg or saline during 14 days (days 3-17). After 10 days of the induction of meningitis, it was measured the sweet food intake for 7 days (days 10-17). After 17 days of the induction, the animals were anesthetized and blood was removed for analysis of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Adrenal gland and the hippocampus were isolated and weighed. The concentration of TNF-_ in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex was measured by the ELISA test. In the meningitis group, sucrose consumption was reduced in approximately 60% when compared to sham group. The treatment with imipramine reversed the reduction of sweet food intake in approximately 290% when compared to meningitis group. Regarding the weight of the adrenal gland and the hippocampus, it was any diference between meningitis and imipramine group. There was an increase in ACTH and corticosterone levels in the meningitis group compared to sham. In the meningitis group in comparison with the sham group, the levels of TNF-_ was increased in the pré-frontal cortex. In the hippocampus there was no changes in the TNF-_ levels. The treatment with imipramine decreased levels of ACTH and corticosterone in animals when compared with meningitis group. These results supported the hypothesis that survivor animals of the pneumococcal meningitis showed depressive-like behavior and alterations in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.
A meningite pneumocócica é uma doença grave que acomete o sistema nervoso central. Esta patologia está associada a uma inflamação aguda, que pode ocasionar danos ao hospedeiro, tais como surdez, cegueira, convulsões e prejuízos de memória e aprendizagem. Adicionalmente, as doenças infecciosas também podem desempenhar um papel importante em transtornos neuropsiquiátricos. Nesse contexto, foi avaliado o comportamento semelhante à depressão em ratos sobreviventes à meningite pneumocócica tratados com imipramina. Ratos Wistar, pesando entre 250-300g, foram submetidos à inoculação na cisterna magna com 10μL de solução salina estéril, ou um volume equivalente da suspensão de Streptococcus pneumoniae na concentração de 5x109 UFC/mL. Três dias após a indução da meningite, os animais foram tratados com imipramina 10mg/Kg ou com solução salina, durante 14 dias (3º ao 17º dia). Após dez dias da indução da meningite foi avaliado o consumo de alimento doce, durante 7 dias (10º ao 17º dia). Dezessete dias após a indução da meningite, os animais foram anestesiados e o sangue foi coletado para a análise dos níveis dos hormônios corticosterona e adrenocorticotrófico (ACTH). A glândula adrenal e o hipocampo foram isolados e pesados. A concentração de TNF-_ no hipocampo e no córtex pré-frontal foi determinada utilizando teste ELISA. No grupo meningite, o consumo de alimento doce foi reduzido em aproximadamente 60% quando comparado ao grupo controle. No entanto, o tratamento com imipramina no grupo meningite preveniu a redução do consumo de alimento doce em aproximadamente 290%, quando comparado com o grupo meningite. Em relação ao peso da glândula adrenal e do hipocampo, não houve diferença quando comparado ao grupo controle. Os níveis de corticosterona e ACTH estavam aumentados no grupo meningite quando comparados ao grupo controle. Já os níveis de TNF-_ estavam aumentados apenas no córtex pré-frontal dos animais. No hipocampo, os níveis de TNF-_ não foram alterados. Entretanto, o tratamento com a imipramina preveniu o aumento dos níveis de corticosterona e ACTH nos animais quando comparado com o grupo meningite. Assim, estes resultados corroboram a hipótese de que os animais sobreviventes à meningite pneumocócica apresentam comportamento semelhante à depressão e alterações no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal.
Oliveira, Danise Senna. « Distribuição de meningite pneumocócica no Brasil e distribuição e análise espacial de meningite pneumocócica no Estado de São Paulo, no período pré (2005 a 2009) e pós-vacinação infantil (2011 a 2013) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-07082017-102921/.
Texte intégralINTRODUCTION: The 10-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced into the childhood immunization schedule of the Brazilian National Immunization Program in 2010. This study analyzed Pneumococcal Meningitis (PM) incidence rates in Brazil, by age group and federation unit (FU), the spatial distribution of PM incidence rates in under-5 children in Brazil, by FU, in the pre (2005-2009) and post-vaccination (2011-2013) periods, and associations with socioeconomic variables and vaccination coverage. We conducted spatial analysis of PM incidence rates in under-5 children, by municipality in SP, in pre and post-vaccination periods, and evaluated the existence of spatial and spatial-temporal clusters. Spatial statistics was used to test associations of PM incidence rates with socioeconomic variables and vaccine coverage, by state micro regions. METHODS: This is a population-based ecological study using data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Vaccine coverage and the Human Development Index (HDI) were used in the Brazilian analysis. In SP analysis, the ecological units were municipalities and micro regions, and the socio-economic variable was the Índice Paulista de Responsabilidade Social (IPRS) of the Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados. Thematic maps were built for PM incidence rates in under-5 children, in the pre- and post-vaccination periods, vaccine coverage and HDI, by FU. Thematic maps were also built for PM incidence rates in under-5 children by SP micro regions, in the pre- and post-vaccination periods, vaccination coverage and IPRS using QGis 2.6.1 software. The scanning technique (SatScan 9.2 software) was used to analyze spatial and spatiotemporal clusters in SP. A Bayesian latent Gaussian model with zero-inflated Poisson model through the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) was used in the spatial analysis to evaluate associations of PM incidence rates with vaccine coverage and socioeconomic variables. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2013, 10,769 PM cases were reported. Under-5 children were the most affected in the whole period. In the post-vaccination period (2011-2013), PM incidence rates decreased among under-5 children, especially among infants (from 10.42/100,000, in 2005, to 4.13/100,000, in 2013). Higher PM incidence rates occurred in states with higher HDI. The same occurred in SP, where two municipalities clusters were found in the pre-vaccination period - one of low risk for PM in the northwest of the state (OR, 0.45, p=0.00025), and another of high risk in the southeast, including the state capital (OR, 1.62, p=0.0000051). In the post-vaccination period, only one cluster of higher risk remained in the same area (RR, 1.97, p=0.057). In Bayesian analysis, wealth was identified as a risk factor for PM (RR, 1.026, CI: 1.002-1.052). Vaccination coverage, longevity and education were not important. CONCLUSIONS: A higher HDI as well as greater wealth were risk factors for PM. This result highlights the need to improve the diagnostic capacity of PM in studied areas, advancing in the surveillance quality and disease notification
Doit, Catherine. « Pneumocoques de sensibilite diminuee aux beta-lactamines responsables de meningite : analyse de la diversite genetique et strategie therapeutique chez l'enfant (doctorat : microbiologie) ». Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA114826.
Texte intégralBirtles, Andrew. « Multilocus sequence typing of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae from non-culture clinical specimens ». Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439146.
Texte intégralLucarevschi, Bianca Rezende. « Custos hospitalares da meningite causada por Streptococcus pneumoniae na cidade de São José dos Campos, SP ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-03112010-163716/.
Texte intégralThe knowledge of the costs of immuno-preventable diseases, mainly the hospital costs of pneumococcal meningitis, object of study of this thesis, are of great importance to the processes of decision making regarding public health interventions or strategies. The aim of this thesis was to estimate the direct hospital costs related to pneumococcal meningitis in children until 13 years of age, in the city of São José dos Campos, from January 1999 to December 2008. A retrospective cost-of-illness study was performed, from the notified cases of pneumococcal meningitis which happened in the period of study. The estimate calculation of the hospital costs was carried out according to the mixed method for the measurement of the quantities of the items of identified costs, and also to value attribution to the items consumed, making use of micro-costing when this was possible, and of the gross-costing, as a viability alternative. All costs were calculated according to the monetary values of November 2009, and in the Brazilian currency (Real). As for the analysis of frequencies and averages, the Epi-Info program, version 3.5.1, was used. Results: From 1999 to 2008, 41 cases of pneumococcal meningitis in minors until 13 years of age (average = 4.8 years of age), mostly boys (65.6%; n=27) were notified to the municipal nucleus of epidemiological vigilance. The prevalence varied between 0.48 and 5.96%, during the period of study, and the number of cases varied from 1 to 9 per year. The period of permanence in hospital varied between 8 and 47 days (average = 23.1 days). Ten cases resulted in death (24.4%; 95%IC = 12.4% - 40.3%). Two patients acquired hydrocephalus during acute meningitis (11.1%; 95% IC = 1.4% - 34.7%). However, the most common complication was the secondary infection which occurred in 22.2% of the cases (95% IC = 6.4% - 47.6%). There was one case of osteo-articular infection in patient with sickle cell anemia and complement deficiency (C2 fraction), a case of purulent pericarditis, and two cases of pneumonia associated to mechanic ventilation. The direct hospital costs varied from R$1,277.9 to R$19,887.56, with an average of R$5,666.43. Labor costs were more relevant, and varied from R$311.00 to R$3844.95 (average = R$1,211.30), followed by medication costs (from R$60.14 to R$2,602.85; average = R$632.95), procedures (from R$7.04 to R$1,655.24; average = R$846.77), supplies (from R$15.42 to R$1,083.08; average = R$210.24), and lab exams (from R$18.3 to R$ 324.67; average = R$161.32). The lack of standardization in the approach to diagnosis and therapy, added to the differences on the level of seriousness and clinic evolution between the cases, made the costs vary depending on the case, and even to the year. In conclusion, hospital costs for treatment of pneumococcal meningitis in São José dos Campos were very variable, and depend on the medical approach and the variability of clinic conditions. All cases are considered around 10 to 20 times as expensive as the average cost of admissions paid by government for average hospitalization due to other causes
Bering, Judith [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerber et Fred [Akademischer Betreuer] Lühder. « Gesteigerte hippokampale Neurogenese nach experimenteller bakterieller Meningitis mit Streptococcus pneumoniae / Judith Bering. Gutachter : Joachim Gerber ; Fred Lühder. Betreuer : Joachim Gerber ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064148093/34.
Texte intégralBelarmino, Junior Eraldo. « Avaliação comportamental e dos níveis do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro em ratos adultos submetidos à meningite no período neonatal ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2011. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/1529.
Texte intégralThe Central Nervous System (CNS) infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in infants and children. The neonatal bacterial meningitis occurs between birth and twenty-eighth day of track and is characterized by intense inflammation affecting piamater, the arachnoid and the subarachnoid space, thereby generating complex brain that cause cognitive and neuropsychological impairments through an inflammatory reaction and apoptotic regardless of the pathogenic microorganism. The aim of this study was to evaluate aversive memory and memory of habituation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (BDNF) in the hippocampus of adult rats submitted to pneumococcal meningitis in the neonatal period. Streptococcus pneumoniae was grown overnight in 10 ml of Todd-Hewitt broth, diluted in fresh medium and obtained growth to logarithmic phase. The culture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 5000 × g and resuspended in sterile saline until the desired concentration of 1x106 CFU/mL. Animals, newborn rats (3-4 days old) were subjected to puncture the cisterna magna with a needle number 23. The needle position was verified by free flow of CSF brain. The animals were divided into two groups receiving 10 μL of sterile saline (sham group n = 12) or equivalent volume of the suspension of S. pneumoniae (meningitis group n = 19). After inoculation, all animals received fluid replacement. The confirmation of meningitis was made at 16 hours after induction by quantitative culture of 5 μL of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) obtained by puncture of the cisterna magna, followed by the start of antimicrobial treatment in both groups (Ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg) for 7 days. The mortality in the sham group was 16.6% and in 47.3% meningitis group. Sixty days after the induction the animals were subjected to two behavioral tests: habituation to the open field and inhibitory avoidance task, immediately after the behavioral tests the animals were killed and the hippocampus was removed and stored at -80°C. The BDNF levels in the hippocampus were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and standard protocols. In the habituation to the open field task there was no difference between training and testing sessions in the number of crossing and rearings in meningitis group (p = 0.0612 and p = 0.0692 respectively). The sham group showed a significant difference between training and test session in the number of crossing and rearings (p = 0.0001). In the inhibitory avoidance task, the sham group showed significant differences in latency time between training and testing (p = 0.001), as meningitis group there was no difference between the lag time in training and testing (p = 0,077). There was a decrease in the BDNF levels in the hippocampus of rats with meningitis compared to the sham group. Our results indicated a decreased hippocampal BDNF levels can be related to memory impairment of adult rats subjected to neonatal meningitis. This study is a useful model for studying long-term behavioral deficits resulting from meningitis in the neonatal period.
As infecções do SNC continuam sendo uma importante causa de mortalidade e morbidade no mundo todo, especialmente em recém-nascidos e crianças. A meningite bacteriana neonatal ocorre entre o nascimento e o vigésimo oitavo dia de vida, sendo caracterizada por uma intensa inflamação, afetando a piamáter, a aracnóide e o espaço subaracnóideo, gerando desta forma, complexos cerebrais que causam prejuízos neuropsicológicos e cognitivos através de uma reação inflamatória e apoptótica, independente do microrganismo patogênico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a memória aversiva, a memória de habituação e os níveis do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) no hipocampo de ratos Wistar adultos submetidos à meningite pneumocócica no período neonatal. Streptococcus pneumoniae foi cultivado durante a noite em 10 mL de caldo de Todd-Hewitt, diluído em meio a fresco e obtido crescimento até a fase logarítmica de crescimento. A cultura foi centrifugada por 10 minutos a 5000 × g e ressuspensa em salina estéril até a concentração desejada de 1x106 UFCol/mL. Os animais, ratos Wistar recém nascidos (3-4 dias de vida), foram submetidos à punção na cisterna magna com uma agulha calibre 23. A posição da agulha foi verificada pelo fluxo livre do LCR cerebral. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos que receberam 10 μL de salina estéril (grupo sham n=12) ou volume equivalente da suspensão de S. pneumoniae (grupo meningite n=19). Após a inoculação, todos os animais receberam reposição de líquidos. A confirmação da meningite foi feita em 16 h após a indução por cultura quantitativa de 5 μL de LCR obtidos por punção da cisterna magna, seguido do início do tratamento com antimicrobiano em ambos os grupos (ceftriaxona, 100 mg/kg) por 7 dias. A mortalidade no grupo sham foi de 16,6% e no grupo meningite 47,3%. Sessenta dias após a indução, os animais foram submetidos a dois testes comportamentais: habituação ao campo aberto e esquiva inibitória. Imediatamente após os testes comportamentais, os animais foram mortos e o hipocampo foi removido e armazenado a -80°C. Os níveis de BDNF no hipocampo foram quantificados utilizando ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e protocolos padrão. Na tarefa de habituação ao campo aberto não houve diferença entre as sessões treino e teste no número de crossing e rearings no grupo meningite (p=0.0612 e p=0.0692 respectivamente). O grupo sham apresentou diferença significativa entre as sessões treino e teste no número de crossing e rearings (p=0.0001). Na tarefa de esquiva inibitória, o grupo sham apresentou significativas diferenças no tempo de latência entre treino e teste (p=0.001), já no grupo meningite não houve diferença entre o tempo de latência no treino e teste (p=0.077). Houve uma diminuição nos níveis de BDNF no hipocampo de ratos submetidos à meningite em relação ao grupo sham. Nossos resultados indicam que a diminuição dos níveis de BDNF hipocampal está relacionada ao prejuízo na memória de habituação neste modelo animal utilizando ratos adultos submetidos à meningite neonatal. Este estudo pode ser uma ferramenta útil para avaliar os déficits comportamentais futuros decorrentes da meningite no período neonatal.
Kunst, Tammo [Verfasser], Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Nau et Fred [Akademischer Betreuer] Lühder. « Die Rolle verschiedener Virulenzfaktoren von Streptococcus pneumoniae bei der Meningitis : Untersuchung am Mausmodell / Tammo Kunst. Gutachter : Roland Nau ; Fred Lühder. Betreuer : Roland Nau ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076911455/34.
Texte intégralKipp, Eugenia [Verfasser], Lars-Ove [Akademischer Betreuer] Brandenburg et Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Bohrmann. « Einfluss des anti-inflammatorischen Liganden AC2-26 auf die Entzündungsreaktion in einem Streptococcus pneumoniae induzierten Meningitis-Maus-Modell / Eugenia Kipp ; Lars-Ove Brandenburg, Johannes Bohrmann ». Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1194183441/34.
Texte intégralManig, Anja [Verfasser], Sandra [Akademischer Betreuer] Schütze et Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Weig. « Vergleich des Verlaufes bakterieller Infektionen des zentralen Nervensystems bei alten und jungen Mäusen am Beispiel der Escherichia coli- und Streptococcus pneumoniae-Meningitis / Anja Manig. Gutachter : Sandra Schütze ; Michael Weig. Betreuer : Sandra Schütze ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069417394/34.
Texte intégralAyari, Asma. « Rôle du tissu adipeux dans les infections respiratoires par le virus Influenza ou la bactérie streptococcus pneumoniae ». Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S009/document.
Texte intégralSince the identification of leptin in 1994, the white adipose tissue (WAT) is no longer considered to solely be an inert tissue storing fat. As an endocrine organ, the adipose tissue synthesizes and secretes several hormones and cytokines involved in the control of whole-body metabolism. In addition, besides preadipocytes and adipocytes, WAT also contains innate and adaptive immune cells; thereby contributing to the development and control of immunity. However, the role played by the adipose tissue during infections - notably during pulmonary infections, such as those resulting from influenza virus or Streptococcus pneumoniae infections - has barely been investigated. This defines the general scope of this work. Epidemiological and experimental data convincingly report that obese individuals are more susceptible to influenza infection. During this project, we therefore questioned whether influenza infection may impact on adipose tissues, both subcutaneous (inguinal, SCAT) and visceral (perigonadal, EWAT) depots, in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. We unexpectedly showed that influenza virus is detected in SCAT and EWAT (quantification of the viral genome by RtqPCR) and that this was associated with drastic changes in the tissue such as: increased secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, decreased expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis, as well as increased expression of genes related to the induction of anti-viral immunity. Interestingly enough, influenza infection was associated with the development of brown-like adipocytes in the SCAT, only in lean animals. Moreover, we demonstrated in vitro that preadipocytes and adipocytes (murine cell-line and human primary cells) are permissive to infection, yet with different outcomes. Indeed, only adipocytes allowed the release of new infectious particles (RtqPCR, transcriptomics, quantification of infectious particules on MDCK cells, confocal and transmission electron microscopy). Altogether, our findings revealed, for the first time, that the white adipose tissue, an organ at the crossroads of metabolism and immunity, is deeply affected by influenza infection and might thus be undervalued in influenza pathophysiology.In opposite to influenza infection, the impact of obesity on the outcome of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.p.) infection remains uncertain, due to the different models (genetically-based obesity, and bacterial strains) used. During this work, we investigated S. pneumoniae (Sp1 strain, sublethal dose) infection in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. We showed that obese mice died from sublethal S. pneumoniae infection, compared to lean animals. The increased mortality induced by infection did not result from impaired pulmonary response but rather from the development of a meningitis-like syndrom likely resulting from an increased bacterial dissemination through the bloodbrain barrier into the brain. We propose that the model of dietary obesity induced by consumption of fat-enriched diet, may be envisaged as a novel and valuable experimental model of memingitis to study Streptococcus pneumoniae travel through the blood-brain barrier and the subsequent immune consequences
Jounio, U. (Ulla). « Oropharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacteria among military conscripts ». Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514299179.
Texte intégralTiivistelmä Hengitystieinfektiot ovat yleisiä varusmiespalvelun aikana. Myös oireeton bakteerien nielukantajuus on lisääntynyt. Useimmiten infektiot ovat lieviä virusinfektioita, mutta bakteerien nielukantajuus voi johtaa myös vaikeisiin bakteeritulehduksiin. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tarkoituksena oli tutkia bakteerien nielukantajuutta varusmiespalveluksen alkaessa ja päättyessä sekä mahdollisten hengitystieinfektioiden aikana ja näin saada uutta tietoa bakteerien nielukantajuuteen vaikuttavista tekijöistä. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli selvittää mannoosia sitovan lektiinin (MBL) sekä MBL2-geenin polymorfismien yhteyttä bakteerien nielukantajuuteen. Työn tarkoituksena oli myös feno- ja genotyypittää varusmiehiltä palveluksen aikana eristetyt meningokokkikannat ja verrata niitä vastaavana ajankohtana invasiivista tautia sairastaneista henkilöistä eristettyihin meningokokkikantoihin. Tutkimuksessa seurattiin prospektiivisesti 892 varusmiestä, jotka suorittivat asepalveluksen Kainuun Prikaatissa vuosina 2004–2006. Tutkimukseen osallistuneista varusmiehistä 224:llä oli astma. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että oireeton bakteerien nielukantajuus lisääntyy merkitsevästi varusmiespalveluksen aikana. Lisäksi havaittiin, että tupakointi oli merkittävä itsenäinen riskitekijä pneumokokin, meningokokin sekä beta-hemolyyttisten streptokokkien nielukantajuudelle varusmiespalveluksen aikana. Astmaatikkojen pneumokokin nielukantajuus varusmiespalveluksen alussa oli yleisempi kuin terveiden varusmiesten. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin myös pienen seerumin MBL-pitoisuuden sekä MBL2-geenin polymorfismin eksoni 1:n alueella ja geenin säätelyalueella olevan riskitekijöitä meningokokin, pneumokokin sekä beta-hemolyyttisten streptokokkien nielukantajuudelle tupakoimattomilla varusmiehillä. Meningokokin nielukannoista jopa kolmasosa kuului genotyyppiryhmään, jonka on aiemmissa tutkimuksissa havaittu liittyvän invasiiviseen tautiin. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin myös tietyn hyperinvasiivisen meningokokin genotyypin (ST-23) liittyvän hengitystieinfektioepisodeihin. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä osoitettiin, että bakteerien nielukantajuus lisääntyy merkitsevästi varusmiespalveluksen aikana ja että oireettomilla varusmiehillä tavataan myös hyperinvasiivisia meningokokkikantoja. Tutkimus antoi myös uutta tietoa hyperinvasiivisten meningokokin genotyyppien liittymisestä hengitystieinfektioihin sekä MBL:n vaikutuksesta bakteerien nielukantajuuteen. Tutkimushavainnot tukevat tupakoimattomuuden edistämisen tärkeyttä myös varusmiespalveluksen aikana
Sehmsdorf, Ute-Stephani. « Einfluss von "Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide" und "Substance P" auf die mRNA-Expression und Freisetzung von Zytokinen aus zerebralen Endothelzellen bei Kostimulation mit Pneumokokkenzellwänden ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14660.
Texte intégralDespite antibiotic treatment bacterial meningitis is still associated with a high mortality and morbidity. Headache and meningismus as key symptoms, provide clear evidence for the activation of trigeminal nerve fibers. Aim of the study was to test whether the released neuropeptides have a proinflammatory effect in cerebral endothelial cells the major compartment of the blood brain barrier. We used primary brain microvascular endothelial cells of the rat (BMEC) which were stimulated with CGRP, SP and/or pneumococcal cell walls (PCW). Both neuropeptides CGRP more than SP enhanced PCW-induced mRNA expression and the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-6, IL-10 and MIP-2. Neuropeptides alone were not able to induce these cytokines. PCW upregulate the density of CRLR receptor and regulate the NK-1 receptor and therefore may explain the costimulatory effect. Furthermore the effect of PCW and/or CGRP on adrenomedullin synthesis in BMEC was investigated. Adrenomedullin is a vasodilatatory peptide, which is constitutivly produced by endothelial cells and act on the CRLR receptor. PCW as well as CGRP enhance the synthesis of AM. Our data suggest that PCW upregulate neuropeptide receptors and modulate via these specific receptors the cytokine production. A detailed understanding of these interactions may open new immunmodulatory interventions and therefore may contribute to a better prognosis of bacterial meningitis.
Riegelmann, Jörn. « Beeinflussung der Phagozytose von Pneumokokken durch Mikrogliazellen mit Anticholinergika ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-6097-2.
Texte intégralSebekedi, (. Nee Mhele) Otsile Calvinia. « The impact of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine on pneumonia and meningitis among children under the age of 1 year in the Klerksdorp district of the North West Province ». Thesis, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26352.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Hib vaccine on pneumonia and meningitis in children under the age of 1 year in the Klerksdorp district of the North West Province.
IT2019
Bering, Judith. « Gesteigerte hippokampale Neurogenese nach experimenteller bakterieller Meningitis mit Streptococcus pneumoniae ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-994F-E.
Texte intégralCarvalho, Tania da Silva. « Austrian syndrome : report of an exceptionally rare and deadly syndrome ». Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/47495.
Texte intégralA síndrome de Austrian é uma entidade rara causada por uma infeção pneumocócica e está associada a elevadas taxas de mortalidade graças ao envolvimento das válvulas cardíacas. Num contexto infecioso causado por este microrganismo, geralmente a endocardite não é equacionada a não ser que as manifestações clínicas se tornem evidentes. Deste modo, é necessário um maior alerta para esta tripla associação. Apresento um caso de síndrome de Austrian numa doente do sexo feminino com 67 anos de idade, previamente saudável. Clinicamente, apresentava alteração do estado de consciência, falência respiratória e choque, tendo sido diagnosticada com bacteriémia pneumocócica sensível a ceftriaxona, meningite e pneumonia. Foi realizado um ecocardiograma transesofágico, que evidenciou uma vegetação na válvula mitral. Apesar da melhoria do estado clínico, a doente permaneceu em coma (GCS 4), acabando por morrer. Apesar da principal causa de morte da síndrome de Austrian estar relacionada com patologias de envolvimento cardíaco, neste caso deveu-se a meningite. Uma vez que existem poucos casos clínicos descritos mundialmente e é necessária mais evidência que permita a identificação de fatores de risco, sublinho a necessidade para um diagnóstico precoce da tríade e a implementação de terapêutica antibiótica precoce e adequada. Segundo o meu melhor conhecimento este é o primeiro caso clínico de síndrome de Austrian descrito em Portugal.
Austrian syndrome is a rare entity due to pneumococcal infection and associated with a very high mortality due to involvement of cardiac valves. In the context of infection by this microorganism, endocarditis is usually not considered except if clinical manifestations become clear. Therefore, there is a need for a larger awareness for this association. I present a case of Austrian syndrome in a previously healthy 67-year-old woman. She featured with mental state alteration, respiratory failure and shock, and was diagnosed with ceftriaxone-sensitive pneumococcal bacteremia, meningitis and pneumonia. Transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a vegetation of the mitral valve. Despite an improvement of her medical condition, the patient remained on coma (Glasgow coma scale of 4), and eventually died. Even though the major cause of mortality in Austrian syndrome is cardiac involvement, in this case it was due to meningitis. Since there are only few reported cases worldwide, and more data is required to identify risk-factors, I emphasize the need of early diagnosis of the triad and early and adequate antibiotic therapy. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first case report of Austrian syndrome in Portugal.
Höcht, Anna. « Quantifizierung der Freisetzung bakterieller DNA in Modellen experimenteller bakterieller Meningitis ». Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F01C-D.
Texte intégralKunst, Tammo Helmut. « Die Rolle verschiedener Virulenzfaktoren von Streptococcus pneumoniae bei der Meningitis : Untersuchung am Mausmodell ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-9617-F.
Texte intégralKunst, Valeska. « Untersuchung der Kombinationsbehandlung Rifampicin/Ceftriaxon im Vergleich zur Ceftriaxon-Monotherapie bei der experimentellen bakteriellen Meningitis ». Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B188-E.
Texte intégralStoltefaut, Valentin. « Sequentielle Antibiose mit Rifampicin gefolgt von Ceftriaxon als neuroprotektiver Therapieansatz bei der bakteriellen Meningitis ». Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-8797-F.
Texte intégralSilva, Marta Lisete Santos da. « Development of a new immunoliposome drug delivery system for treatment of pneumococcal meningitis ». Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/40166.
Texte intégralA meningite pode ser definida como um processo inflamatório que envolve as meninges, quer as do sistema nervoso central quer as da medula espinal. Dos vários tipos de meningite descritos, a bacteriana é considerada o tipo mais severo. Streptococcus pneumoniae é considerado um dos principais agentes patogénicos responsáveis por este tipo de meningite causando uma alta taxa de mortalidade e morbilidade, e sequelas neurológicas nos sobreviventes. S. pneumoniae é um patógeno humano que coloniza essencialmente a nasofaringe em crianças, sendo uma causa importante de infeções na infância. S. pneumoniae é uma bactéria Gram-positiva, que frequentemente expressa uma cápsula polissacarídea, que constitui um dos seus principais fatores de virulência. Até ao momento, um total de 98 tipos de polissacarídeos capsulares foram descritos diferindo serológica e estruturalmente entre si. Após a colonização, a translocação através da barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) é uma das etapas cruciais para a patogénese da meningite. Têm sido desenvolvidas várias abordagens farmacêuticas com o intuito de combater a infeção causada por S. pneumoniae. No entanto, um grande obstáculo ao tratamento da meningite pneumocócica é a necessidade de desenvolver terapêuticas capazes de atravessar a BHE. A estrutura da barreira hematoencefálica leva a concluir que para criar um tratamento eficiente para a meningite pneumocócica, é necessária uma abordagem constituída por duas partes essenciais: o desenvolvimento do medicamento com as propriedades antibacterianas e a tecnologia de direcionamento para permitir que a molécula atravesse a BHE e seja capaz de combater a infeção. O foco atual é encapsular antibióticos em formulações lipossomais aumentando a atividade antibacteriana e as propriedades farmacocinéticas o que vai trazer várias vantagens ao sistema de administração de medicamentos como, por exemplo: diminuição da toxicidade, alta atividade antimicrobiana contra patógenios, seletividade do alvo e uma melhor biodistribuição. Desta forma, o principal objetivo deste projeto é desenvolver um sistema de administração de fármacos capaz de atravessar a BHE e libertar antibióticos para combater a meningite pneumocócica. Para atingir esse objetivo, propomos uma nova abordagem que engloba as propriedades da administração de fármacos e o direcionamento específico de um imunolipossoma. Para que o imunolipossoma seja direcionado com sucesso para a BHE, dois anticorpos de pequeno domínio, nomeadamente FC5 [55] e G3 (um sdAb recentemente selecionado pelo nosso grupo que é capaz de atravessar a barreira hematoencefálica), foram acoplados na superfície do lipossoma, permitindo o transporte do lipossoma através da BHE. O uso de anticorpos de pequeno domínio tem várias vantagens relativamente ao uso de IgG, devido ao seu tamanho reduzido, o que facilita o acesso ao alvo. Adicionalmente, estas moléculas são mais estáveis quando em circulação permitindo uma administração mais eficiente. Em suma, ao conjugar a capacidade de um anticorpo de pequeno domínio específico para o direcionamento e translocação da BHE e o encapsulamento de antibióticos no lipossoma é possível criar um sistema capaz de superar os dois obstáculos no desenvolvimento de um tratamento para a meningite pneumocócica: a necessidade de uma terapêutica capaz de atravessar a BHE e as propriedades antimicrobianas necessárias para combater S. pneumoniae. Dessa forma, a libertação gradual dos antibióticos no foco da infeção, resulta num sistema eficiente de administração de medicamentos para o tratamento da meningite pneumocócica. Para o desenvolvimento do projeto foram encapsulados em lipossomas três dos antibióticos mais recorrentemente utilizados no tratamento desta infeção (penicilina, vancomicina e ceftriaxona) com o objetivo de explorar o seu potencial no tratamento da meningite pneumocócica. Para isso, a concentração inibitória mínima dos três antibióticos encapsulados foi determinada em vários serótipos de S. pneumoniae. Uma vez validada a eficiência dos lipossomas encapsulados, foi possível prosseguir para o desenvolvimento de um imunolipossoma. O primeiro passo para o seu desenvolvimento consistiu na expressão dos anticorpos de pequeno domínio em bactérias, e, seguidamente, a sua purificação. Uma vez obtidos os anticorpos , estes foram ligados à superfície do lipossoma. Para esta ligação foram otimizados dois métodos diferentes amplamente utilizados para o efeito: o método da biotina e o método da maleimide. Uma vez otimizados os métodos de ligação, os imunolipossomas obtidos pelos dois métodos foram sujeitos a estudos de translocação para avaliar a sua capacidade de atravessar a BHE. Os estudos de translocação foram realizados utilizando um modelo da BHE in vitro. Através destes estudos verificou-se que o método de ligação usando a biotina é um método de ligação mais eficaz permitindo uma maior translocação do imunolipossoma. Da mesma forma, foi possível concluir que o anticorpo G3 tem uma maior capacidade para atravessar a BHE quando comparado com o FC5. Esta abordagem permitiu o desenvolvimento de um imunolipossoma capaz de atravessar a BHE encapsulando antibióticos capazes de combater S. pneumoniae. Resumidamente, a estratégia estudada no presente projeto resultou num imunolipossoma que poderá corresponder a uma abordagem mais segura e eficiente no tratamento da meningite pneumocócica e ser um candidato promissor no tratamento de outras doenças do sistema nervoso central.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the major cause of bacterial meningitis bringing morbidity and mortality as well as neurological sequelae. Following colonization, translocation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in the pathogenesis of meningitis. Many pharmaceutical approaches have been developed in order to fight these bacteria. However, a major hurdle to the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis is the necessity of therapeutics able to cross the BBB. Thereby, besides the discovery of novel drugs to treat pneumococcal meningitis, the development of novel drug delivery systems that can cross the BBB and release the therapeutic molecule into the brain are urgently required. Since the structure of the BBB is known, many approaches for brain targeting have been developed based on physiological transport mechanisms. Thus, the aim of this project consists in the development of an immunoliposome as a drug delivery system to treat pneumococcal meningitis. To achieve this goal, potential of the encapsulated liposomes with penicillin, ceftriaxone and vancomycin was explored. For that, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the three encapsulated antibiotics were determined in several serotypes of S. pneumoniae. Then, an immunoliposome was developed through attachment of a BBB transmigrating single-domain antibody to the liposome surface. Translocation studies were performed using a BBB in vitro model in order to prove the immunoliposome efficiency in crossing the BBB. This approach allowed the development of an immunoliposome able to target and cross the BBB, encapsulating antibiotics capable to fight S. pneumoniae. Briefly, the strategy developed in the present project resulted in an immunoliposome that could be a safer and moreefficient approach to treat pneumococcal meningitis and a promising candidate in the treatment of other central nervous system diseases.
Manig, Anja. « Vergleich des Verlaufes bakterieller Infektionen des zentralen Nervensystems bei alten und jungen Mäusen am Beispiel der Escherichia coli- und Streptococcus pneumoniae-Meningitis ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F93-C.
Texte intégralRibeiro, Cláudia Vanessa Fernandes, Andreia Henriques, Inês Tomé et Marcelo Oliveira. « Caracterização epidemiológica da nasofaringe de estudantes de cursos de saúde da Universidade Atlântica ». Bachelor's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10884/816.
Texte intégralHarms, Kristian. « Modulation hippokampaler neuronaler Apoptose und Neurogenese durch Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (Faim2) im Rahmen der experimentellen Streptokokkenmeningitis ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-60AA-7.
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