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1
Palęcka, Alicja, et Piotr P. Płucienniczak. « Niepewne zatrudnienie, lęk i działania zbiorowe. Trzy wymiary prekarności ». Kultura i Społeczeństwo 61, no 4 (10 octobre 2017) : 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2017.61.4.4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The terms “precariat” and “precarity” are often used in sociological discourse, although they have neither precise analytical definitions nor clear empirical indicators. The fault lies with their promoters, such as Guy Standing or Jarosław Urbański, who use the terms incoherently in their works. The authors attempt to systematize these concepts. They claim that “precariat” and “precarity” are variously understood and correspond to three related but separate levels of sociological analysis: (1) employment of the precariat as a macrosociological category; (2) the precariat as a framework for the mobilization of social movements; and (3) precarity as an experience. Different tools are used for each of these levels and each level makes it possible to view phenomena connected with the appearance of a precariat from a different perspective. The authors present the forms in which this phenomenon appears in Poland.
2
Fernández-Caparrós, Ana. « Intimations of Precarity in Twenty-First-Century U.S. Drama : Faltering Voices of the Precariat in Annie Baker’s The Flick ». Cultura, Lenguaje y Representación 25 (1 mai 2021) : 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/clr.2021.25.7.
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While much critical attention as been devoted to the representation of precarity on the European stages, and in British theatre in particular, dramatic texts produced in the United States that concern, depict and represent the lives of members of the so-called precariat have barely been the object of critical scrutiny. This article traces the emergence of a growing concern with economic hardship in the second decade of the twenty-first century in American drama and presents a case study of Annie Baker’s The Flick (2013). Baker’s play is illustrative of an aesthetics of precarity that refrains from victimizing the members of the precariat and that plays out the paradoxes of scenarios of precarity as being at once troubling and enabling transformation and visions of possibility.
3
Risager, Bjarke Skærlund. « Prekæritet og prekariat : ». Slagmark - Tidsskrift for idéhistorie, no 71 (1 juin 2015) : 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sl.v0i71.107307.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article reviews the theoretical and political history of the concept of precarity, used to describe various forms of insecurities, primarily those related to conditions of labor, employment, and wage. Precarity and the related neologism precariat have recently gained ground in Anglophone intellectual and political discussions. It is the premise of the article that, with an increasingly globalized economy, discussions and movement action based on precarity may be of growing importance in a Danish context. The aim of the article is to show how the history of these concepts has unfolded in sociological discussions and social movement practices since the turn of the century. I begin with the sociological discussion about the concept of the precariat, a class formation based on the conditions and experiences of precarity. I then show how the concept of precarity has a history in activist thought beyond these sociological discussions and how social movements, based on this thought, throughout the 2000s have mobilized around the concept, primarily in the so-called EuroMayDay parades. In the last section, I discuss how the economic crisis has affected social movement practices and how labor unions have begun paying attention to the predicaments of precarity.
4
Armano, Emiliana, Cristina Morini et Annalisa Murgia. « Per un'ontologia precaria. L'approccio orientato alla soggettività ». ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, no 2 (novembre 2022) : 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2022-002005.
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I processi di precarizzazione sono stati indagati attraverso due principali linee di indagine. La prima - sviluppata principalmente nel campo della sociologia economica - si concentra sulla "precarietà" del lavoro (precarity), investigata nelle dimensioni strutturali che hanno progressivamente eroso il regime occupazionale fordista per una parte crescente della forza lavoro. La seconda linea di indagine riflette invece sull'ontologia precaria del soggetto contemporaneo e sulla precarietà esistenziale (precariousness) che permea l'intera vita degli individui. Partendo dai risultati di una serie di ricerche condotte principalmente in Italia, questo articolo inquadra la precarietà in termini di produzione di soggettività, anche alla luce del contesto pandemico, e discute di potenziali forme di resistenza attraverso la cura, la prossimità e la costruzione di relazioni sociali basate sull'incontro affettivo e dei corpi.
5
Lain, David, Laura Airey, Wendy Loretto et Sarah Vickerstaff. « Understanding older worker precarity : the intersecting domains of jobs, households and the welfare state ». Ageing and Society 39, no 10 (1 octobre 2018) : 2219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001253.
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AbstractIn policy debates it is commonly claimed that older workers are entering a period of choice and control. In contrast, Guy Standing's book The Precariat: The Dangerous New Class, published in 2011, argues that older people are increasingly joining the ‘precariat’, by taking low-level jobs to supplement dwindling pension incomes. We argue that many older workers, not just those in ‘precarious jobs’, feel a sense of ‘ontological precarity’. Pressures to work longer, combined with limited alternative employment prospects and inadequate retirement incomes, give rise to a heightened sense of precarity. We develop a new theoretical model for understanding precarity as a lived experience, which is influenced by the intersection between precarious jobs, precarious welfare states and precarious households. This model is then illustrated using qualitative research from two organisations in the United Kingdom: ‘Local Government’ and ‘Hospitality’. In both organisations, older workers experienced a sense of ontological precarity because they worried about the long-term sustainability of their jobs and saw limited alternative sources of retirement income. Household circumstances either reinforced interviewees’ sense of precarity, or acted as a buffer against it. This was particularly important for women, as they typically accrued smaller financial resources in their own right. Our concluding discussion builds on this more advanced theoretical understanding of older worker precarity to call for a rethinking of state and employer support for decisions around later-life working and retirement.
6
Daniel, James Rushing. « Freshman Composition as a Precariat Enterprise ». College English 80, no 1 (1 septembre 2017) : 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ce201729261.
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Drawing from recent work in the areas of economics and sociology, this article applies theories of precarity and the precariat, terms that denote the marginalized status of contingent workers, to the composition classroom. Reviewing the economic and social conditions precipitating workforce casualization, the article argues that theories of precarity support the efforts of scholars in composition studies thinking beyond the concept of social class and toward models of solidarity. Building upon the work of these scholars, the article advocates attention to the shared precarity of students and proposes methods of enhancing solidarity at the university.
7
Ba', Stefano. « Precarietà e classe. Genitori in occupazioni precarie e ‘lotte quotidiane' ». SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no 168 (avril 2024) : 184–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2024-168009.
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This study presents the results of exploratory research on precarity and class. Through key concepts drawn from critical sociology, we try to understand class as class struggle, but not in the political sense of the concept. Here class struggle means the uninterrupted efforts of a whole group of people, within the given circumstances, to create better living conditions. Precarity is part of these circumstances and it is framed within the dynamics of valorisation of labour, which tends to reduce the person to simple labour-power. The participants are parents in pre-carious employment and we want to report and reflect on their efforts to achieve decent living standards. The intent of this study is critical, it does not want to demonstrate whether the "precariat" is a social class or not, but through the narratives of parents in precarious employment about their difficult circumstances, this research wants to explore how daily struggles can be understood as class struggles of people at the margins.
8
Han, Clara. « Precarity, Precariousness, and Vulnerability ». Annual Review of Anthropology 47, no 1 (21 octobre 2018) : 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041644.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This review examines precarity through two foci. First, I focus on related terms of the lumpenproletariat and informal economy, each of which have left their mark on the notion of precarity as a bounded historical condition, and its related notion of the precariat, a sociological category of those who find themselves subject to intermittent casual forms of labor. I explore the ways in which these terms offer pictures of politics and the state that are inherited by the term precarity, understood as the predicament of those who live at the juncture of unstable contract labor and a loss of state provisioning. I then turn to the second pole of precarity to chart a tension between asserting a common condition of ontological precarity and the impulse to describe the various ways in which vulnerability appears within forms of life.
9
Gopinath, Dr Swapna. « From Patterns to Freefall : Exposing the Vulnerability of Human Predicament in the Times of the Pandemic ». Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no 4 (11 décembre 2021) : 5889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2646.
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COVID-19 demands a paradigm shift in modes of human interaction and challenges hegemonic social structures to adapt and evolve themselves to the altered reality of human existence. Across the world, these shifts have been triggered by the new social order threatening to erase existing social systems. My paper attempts to look at the lives of the precariats, caught up within neoliberal structures, assuming these structures to be hegemonic normative systems, and the manner in which they refuse to change, thereby putting the precariats into a more exploitative crisis situation, dehumanizing them, demonizing them, thereby risking their erasure from the socio-political and legal systems that rule the world. I have used the context of India to substantiate my argument. My paper is divided into the following sections: a reading into the concept of precarity and contextualizing it in the neoliberal framework, analysing the pandemic against precarity using examples from Indian society.
10
Druzhilov, S. A. « Issues of non-standard employment : social and hygienic aspects ». Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no 6 (10 juillet 2020) : 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-6-392-398.
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Drastic transformations of the social and labor sphere have led to the emergence of new health risks and sanitary and hygienic problems associated with unreliability of employment. A new socio-economic and psychological phenomenon “precarity” has emerged, which has aff ected the employment conditions of employees, so the description of the phenomenon “precarity” needs to be clarifi ed.The forms of labor employment that diff er from the typical model and worsen the employee’s situation are considered. The criteria based on which non-standard employment is considered unstable are given.Generalized types of unstable employment are identifi ed, the specifi city of which is determined by a combination of two factors: working time and the term of the contract. Unstable working conditions are possible not only in informal employment, but also in legal labor relations. Unreliability and instability of labor has an objective character and is a natural manifestation of the emerging economic and social order. The phenomenon of “precarity of employment” appears as a new determinant of the health of employees. The main feature when referring employment and labor relations to the phenomenon of “precarity” is their unreliability.Specifies the terms used: “precariat”; “precarious work”; precompact; the precariat. An essential characteristic of precarious employment is the violation of social and labor rights and lack of job security. A significant indicator of precarity is underemployment. Precarity induces the potential danger of dismissal of the employee and the resulting stress, psychosomatic disorders and pathological processes in the psyche.Precarious employment and related labor relations have become widespread. Many employees are deprived of social guarantees, including those related to labor safety, payment for holidays and temporary disability, and provision of preventive measures. Th is leads to a violation of the state of well-being, as well as the deterioration of individual and public health.
11
Oliinyk, I. « Essential features and reasons for scaling the phenomenon of precarious practice ». HUMANITARIAN STUDIOS : PEDAGOGICS, PSYCHOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY 14, no 2 (2023) : 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog14(2).2023.188-198.
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The article reveals the essence of precarity as a social phenomenon and substantiates the reasons for the spread of this phenomenon. The classical approach based on the relationship between the emergence of precarity and economic and social transformations, globalization, crisis phenomena and unexpected challenges of modern society is considered. As part of the precarity study, the concept of habitus by P. Bourdieu is reinterpreted, which is understood as a socio-economic position regarding work as one of the lifestyle aspects. The idea of "precarious habitus" is substantiated, which not only enables the "normalization" of the precariat in the public consciousness, but also contributes to the change of people's general ideas about work and employment in general.
12
Tartakovskaya, Irina N., et Alexandrina V. Vanke. « Mobility Strategies of Precarious Employees and the Formation of Precarious Habitus ». Sociological Journal 25, no 2 (2019) : 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2019.25.2.6388.
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This article considers the social mobility trajectories for vulnerable employees involved in precarious employment. The authors define two types of justifying involvement in precarity — forced or voluntary choice. Forced choice of precarity is more typical to elderly employees (to Soviet generations). Precarity as a necessity comes as the result of labor market structural transformations, devaluation of certain professions — for example, working-class and engineer jobs — and leads to downward social mobility into the precariat. Most of the interviewed precarious employees of elder generations negatively evaluated their current social standing and were nostalgic about the state of social welfare. Voluntary involvement in precarity is more common among younger employees of post-Soviet generations. Young employees justify their “voluntary” choice of precarious employment by a flexible timetable, an interesting job, opportunities for self-development, a short commute, etc. However, as the interview analysis shows, precarious workers of post-Soviet generations do not make such a choice voluntarily: rather their choice is affected by the operations of social structures. Mobility of young employees within the low-resource networks, which easily allow for finding and swapping precarious jobs, confines them inside the precariat and limits their opportunities for upward social mobility. The authors conclude that precarious employment forms a specific habitus and an individualistic subjectivity among vulnerable employees. Short horizons of planning, perception of precarity as “normal” (“everybody lives like that”) and a specific lifestyle with a limited set of social opportunities — these are the key traits of a precarious habitus. This article is based on material from 75 biographical interviews with precarious employees, aged between 23 and 58 years, residing in large industrial centers of Russia — Yekaterinburg and Samara.
13
Han, Didi Kyoung-ae. « The Historical Formation of the Precariat Movement in Tokyo : Looking through Precarity and the Precariat ». Journal of the Korean Urban Geographical Society 26, no 1 (30 avril 2023) : 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21189/jkugs.26.1.4.
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SIMONSEN, PETER, et MATHIES G. AARHUS. « Theater of the Precariat : Staging Precarity in Alexander Zeldin’s Love ». Contemporary Literature 61, no 3 (2021) : 335–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/cl.61.3.335.
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15
Banki. « Precarity of place : a complement to the growing precariat literature ». Global Discourse 3, no 3 (1 décembre 2013) : 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2014.881139.
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Bailey, Lucy. « International school teachers : precarity during the COVID-19 pandemic ». Journal of Global Mobility : The Home of Expatriate Management Research 9, no 1 (2 février 2021) : 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-06-2020-0039.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PurposeThis article explores the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international school teachers, using the findings to theorise agency and elective precarity amongst self-initiated, middling expatriates.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of online posts on a teaching abroad discussion forum is used to critically examine the thesis that international school educators form part of a global precariat (Bunnell, 2016; Poole, 2019a, 2019b). Thematic analysis charts participants' discussion of aspects of precarity as consequences of the pandemic.FindingsThe data suggest that whilst dimensions of precarity have been exacerbated by the pandemic some dimensions of privilege remain. The term elective precarity is employed to describe the position of international school teachers, and it is noted that the pandemic has eroded the sense of agency within precarity. Posts suggest that teachers are reluctant to be globally mobile when lacking this sense of agency.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed to establish whether agency and elective precarity are useful concepts for exploring the experiences of other self-initiated expatriates during the pandemic. There is a need for further research into the supply of international school educators as key enablers of other forms of global mobility.Originality/valueThe paper proposes two new concepts, elective precarity and agency within precarity, to capture the discourse of self-initiated expatriates. It contributes to the emerging literature charting the impact of the pandemic on self-initiated expatriation.
17
Marković, Aleksandra. « Prekarijat i demokratija : teze za promišljanje ». Zbornik instituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja XLI, no 1 (20 juillet 2022) : 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/ziksi2022014.
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The economic crisis of neoliberalism, the political crisis, and the crisis of representative democracy are fertile ground for socio-demagogic discourse and incredibly fertile ground for attracting the precariat. The precariat is a new social group that lives from today to tomorrow and whose main feature is uncertainty and precarity (primarily in the labor market, but also beyond). Capitalism and democracy are based on different principles. The logic of the relationship between capitalism and democracy is characterized by "tension." The question that arises is how to reconcile neoliberal capitalism and democracy, understood as a system based on the principles of freedom and equality? How do we reconcile democracy and significant social inequalities? What is the role of the precariat in this? With this in mind, the paper aims to open questions and possibilities of new angles of thinking about modern democracy, especially about the relationship between democracy and precariat, as a new social group on the historical scene of the XXI century. The paper deals with the relationship between democracy and capitalism and the relationship between the precariat and deliberative, radical and agonistic democracy, and left-wing populism.
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Lawn, Jennifer. « Precarity : A Short Literary History, from Colonial Slum to Cosmopolitan Precariat ». Interventions 19, no 7 (3 octobre 2017) : 1026–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801x.2017.1401944.
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Poole, Adam. « International Education Teachers’ Experiences as an Educational Precariat in China ». Journal of Research in International Education 18, no 1 (27 mars 2019) : 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475240919836489.
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The purpose of this paper is to extend Bunnell’s (2016) thesis that international education teachers (IETs) are forming a ‘global educational precariat’. The paper draws upon interview data from a larger study of international teachers in two international schools in Shanghai, China. In order to substantiate and develop Bunnell’s thesis, narrative inquiry was employed as a guiding methodology, which ensured that data analysis remained rooted in the participants’ lived experience but also allowed for triangulation, thereby enhancing validity. Findings confirm Bunnell’s thesis by highlighting a lack of agency, financial insecurity, and the marginalisation of professional identities as common experiences of IET precarity. The findings also challenge the notion of a global educational precariat by arguing that it may be more appropriate to conceptualise IETs in terms of a localised educational precariat rather than a global class in and of itself. The paper ends by sketching a research agenda that would involve comparing teachers’ experiences in different types of international schools in China and other contexts.
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Paul, Ronald. « ‘I’m writing about strange people, people on the edge, people that society doesn’t like much’ : the precariat in the work of Agnes Owens. » Moderna Språk 112, no 2 (31 décembre 2018) : 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v112i2.7675.
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This article explores the way in which Agnes Owens, a 20th century working-class writer from Scotland, gives a literary voice to those most marginalized and underprivileged, a category of workers that is often defined as the precariat. The first part of the article traces the historic origins of the term precariat within marxism, then linking it to the growing number of people working today in low paid, short-term and uninsured jobs often beyond the pale of the rest of society. Their accompanying condition of neo-poverty is what Agnes Owens sought to dramatize in her novels and short stories, two of which – “Arabella” and Bad Attitudes – are chosen for more detailed discussion. The article seeks to show how Owens not only documents the lives of this modern precariat, but also how these new forms of social deprivation are feminized, since it is clearly the women who are most vulnerable in this new context of social and economic precarity.
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Герасимова, В. В., et В. Д. Евсюков. « Precarization is a phenomenon of modern globalization ». Экономика и предпринимательство, no 2(115) (6 mai 2020) : 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.115.2.034.
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В статье анализируется причины возникновения прекариата, его общие отличительные характеристики от неформальной занятости. Прекариат и неформально занятые работники отнесены к нестандартной занятости. Обращается особое внимание на отсутствие у прекариата социальной защищенности вследствие отказа от социальной ответственности государством и работодателями в условиях частичной коммерциализации социально -трудовых отношений под влияние глобализации, что обуславливает трансформацию занятости и многообразия форм её проявления. The article analyzes the causes of the precariate, its general distinguishing characteristics from informal employment. The precariat and informally employed workers are classified as precarious work. Particularattention is paid to the lack of social security of the precariate due to the rejection of social responsibility by thestate and employers in the conditions of partial commercialization of social and labor relations, which leads to thetransformation of employment and the variety of forms of its manifestation.
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Hong, Inyoung. « Reading the Precariat Characters in the Fiction : Focusing on “Hana's Breath” by Jo Hae-jin ». Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no 22 (30 novembre 2022) : 1017–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.22.1017.
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Objectives The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the character as a precariat, focusing on the unstable labor character in Cho Hae-jin's “Hana's Breath” (2019), and to derive the educational implications of reading a fiction based on the response of a college student reader.
Methods The framework of the analysis of the character as a precariat in “Hana's Breath” is two perspectives, one is a political and sociological perspective that sees precariat as a ‘a-class-in-the-making’, and the other is an existential perspective that all human beings have no choice but to have precariousness, that is, vulnerability. The category of analyzing the characters in the fiction is, first, the description of the reality and situation in which precariat is placed as a new class, second, anxiety and alienation in the process of interacting with others as precariat, and third, existential vulnerability. The analysis of the reader's response was based on the precariat theory, and reflected the characteristics found inductively after repeatedly reading the critical essay.
Results The fiction describes the social reality in which precariat appears, describes the feelings of anxiety and alienation caused by labor instability, and depicts human existential weakness beyond precarity at the political and social level. In response, the reader strongly recognized the class situation of the character as a social problem and expressed a critical consciousness about it. In addition, the reader felt an ethical consciousness to improve the current situation while sympathizing with anxiety and fear due to the persecution of the characters in the story, and expressed compassion for the inherent vulnerability of humans.
Conclusions While reading fiction centering on the precariat characters, the reader can have a deeper understanding of the character's social context, recognize the responsibility as a community member, and acquire universal empathy.
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Ballafkih, Hafid, Joop Zinsmeister et Martha Meerman. « A Job and a Sufficient Income Is Not Enough : The Needs of the Dutch Precariat ». SAGE Open 7, no 4 (octobre 2017) : 215824401774906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017749069.
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Although lifetime employment was once commonplace, the situation has changed dramatically over the last century. The group of precarious workers has increased, and with it, the size of the precariat. Although there is a body of research on how precarious workers perceive the effect of their precarity on their social, psychological, and economic well-being, there is no research on the needs of precarious workers. In this article, we report the findings of an exploratory study about precarious worker’s needs. The findings show that the precariat has a diversity of needs, ranging from the need for a higher income to the need for a change in the discourse on self-reliance. Most of the needs are targeted toward the government and are not only related to labor. This is, however, contradictory to the ideology of downsizing the welfare state, in which governments focus on creating more temporary or steppingstone jobs. The needs show that the measures orientated toward the labor market are insufficient because they meet only a marginal part of the needs of the precariat.
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Hardy, Jane Ann. « (Re)conceptualising precarity : institutions, structure and agency ». Employee Relations 39, no 3 (3 avril 2017) : 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-06-2016-0111.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the notion of precarious work and addresses the temporal, historical and analytical weaknesses manifest in many accounts by proposing a political economy synthesis. Design/methodology/approach The discussion takes place through a political economy theoretical lens that takes seriously the structures and institutions of capitalism and the agency of workers individually and collectively. Findings The paper concludes that precarious work is intrinsic to capitalism and therefore the precariat cannot be understood as a class-in-itself. The implications of this for activists are that solidarity needs to be forged between all groups of workers in order to organise for decent and stable employment. Originality/value First, it is argued that two key structural influences on precarity are the spatiality of capitalism and its endemic tendency to crisis. Second, temporal and institutional “shapers” of precarity are discussed in historical and comparative context. Third, the agential influence on precarity is examined with regard to the possibility of the self-organisation precarious workers and their potential for forging solidarity with other groups.
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Миронова, О. И., et М. М. Алексапольская. « SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRECARIAT GROUP ». Человеческий капитал, no 2(182) (22 février 2024) : 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25629/hc.2024.02.15.
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Данная статья представляет собой обзор современных исследований прекариата как социальной группы, увеличение которой происходит под влиянием роста нестабильности рынка труда и изменений занятости в сторону неформальных видов. Описан социальный состав данной группы, взаимное влияние прекариата и рынка труда. Проведен анализ социально-психологических характеристик прекариев. В статье рассматриваются вопросы увеличения прекариата и связанных с этим процессом рисков, что позволяет согласовать решение задач по устойчивому росту экономики с повышением психологического комфорта и снижением безработицы. Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена дефицитом подобных обзоров в научных источниках, что связано с относительно недавним выделением прекариата в отдельную социальную группу. В настоящее время феномен прекариата носит описательный характер, что определяет необходимость дальнейшего изучения данной группы. Предметом исследования являются социально-психологические характеристики социальной группы прекариата. Цель исследования заключается в раскрытии понятия и социально-психологических характеристик прекариата с позиции социальной психологии, а также изучение взаимосвязи увеличения прекариата и нестабильности рынка труда. Исследование включало теоретический анализ, систематизацию и обобщение исследований, опубликованных в научных журналах и монографических источниках. Собранная информация систематизирована по трем направлениям: уточнение понятия «прекариат» с позиции социальной психологии, обобщение исследований характеристик данной общности и анализ места прекариата в системе социальной стратификации. Обзор исследований позволил выделить 5 основных социально-психологических характеристик прекариев: отсутствие субъективного контроля, тревожность, аномия, утрата профессиональной самоидентификации и флексибильность. Предлагается социально-психологическое понимание прекариата как социальной страты, для представителей которой характерно постоянное пребывание в ситуации неопределенности. Показано, что прекариат является быстрорастущей социальной группой, которая выступает одновременно следствием и усилителем роста нестабильности трудового рынка. В настоящее время существует необходимость дальнейших исследований психологических характеристик группы прекариата. This article is a review of modern studies of the precariat as a social group, the increase of which occurs under the influence of the growing instability of the labor market and changes in employment towards informal types. The social composition of this group, the mutual influence of the precariat and the labor market is described. The socio-psychological characteristics of precariats are analyzed. The article deals with the increase of precariat and the risks associated with this process, which allows to coordinate the solution of tasks on sustainable economic growth with the increase of psychological comfort and reduction of unemployment. The relevance of this study is due to the deficit of such reviews in scientific sources, which is associated with the relatively recent isolation of the precariat as a separate social group. Currently, the phenomenon of precariat is descriptive, which determines the need for further study of this group. The subject of the study is socio-psychological characteristics of the precariat social group. The purpose of the study is to reveal the concept and socio-psychological characteristics of the precariat from the position of social psychology, as well as to study the relationship between the increase in the precariat and the instability of the labor market. The research included theoretical analysis, systematization and generalization of studies published in scientific journals and monographic sources. The collected information was systematized in three directions: clarification of the concept of "precariat" from the position of social psychology, generalization of studies on the characteristics of this community and analysis of the precariat's place in the system of social stratification. The review of studies allowed us to identify 5 main socio-psychological characteristics of precariats: lack of subjective control, anxiety, anomie, loss of professional self-identification and flexibilization. We propose a socio-psychological understanding of the precariat as a social stratum, whose representatives are characterized by a constant stay in a situation of uncertainty. It is shown that the precariat is a fast-growing social group, which is both a consequence and an amplifier of the growth of labor market instability. At present there is a need for further research into the psycholo-gical characteristics of the precariat group.
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Polkowska, Dominika. « The feminisation of precarity Poland compared to other countries ». Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 20, no 8 (1 mars 2017) : 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.8.10.
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Precarity applies to people who, in order to survive, need to work in a low-quality job, which is uncertain, temporary, low-paid, with no prospect of promotion, no security and no contract. In this sense, the precariat is a category related mostly to the secondary segments of the labour market according to the concept of the dual labour market. It is also the universal feature of Post-Fordism and the modern working conditions in which women, more often than men are located in the “worst” segment of the labour market. In this context, it is worth noting that since the beginning of the era of globalisation, women have mostly worked in the sectors more uncertain and unstable e.g., in the service industries and trade. It has been feminisation in a double sense of the word: there have been more and more working women, on the one hand, and on the other hand, women have usually taken the flexible jobs. Most of these jobs are precarious work. Precarity combined with job insecurity and low wages leaves the workforce in this group unable to plan for their future or afford a decent life. This article attempts to prove that the threat of precarity is more probable for women than men. This claim is supported by the OECD and Eurostat data on precarity for Poland and other European countries.
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Burski, Jacek, Adam Mrozowicki, Aleksandra Drabina-Różewicz et Agata Krasowska. « Biographical Work as a Mechanism of Dealing with Precarity and Precariousness ». Qualitative Sociology Review 18, no 2 (30 avril 2022) : 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.18.2.05.
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The article aims to explore the relationship between biographical work and the strategies of managing precarity (low-paid and unstable employment) and precariousness (insecurity and instability of life conditions in general) in Poland’s new capitalism. Poland witnessed the rise of precarity during the entire capitalist transformation after 1989, while the expansion of precarious, temporary, and non-standard employment accelerated in the first two decades of the 21st century. The main theoretical framework of the article is based on concepts deriving from biographical sociology and was elaborated during a joint workshop with German biographical researcher, Fritz Schütze, within the PREWORK project. The case of a young female shop assistant, Helena, with a difficult family and work background was selected from a larger sample of 63 biographical narrative interviews with precarious young workers in Poland. Based on the case study and the broader context of the research project, it is argued that biographical work may have the potential for questioning and challenging precarity; yet, without necessary biographical and social resources, such a process is hard to be completed. As a result, the paper questions the macrosocial vision of “precariat” as the “class in-the-making” and instead offers a detailed account of the microsocial ways of dealing with precarity by a representative of the most disadvantaged group of precarious young workers.
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Smith, Chris, et Ngai Pun. « Class and Precarity : An Unhappy Coupling in China’s Working Class Formation ». Work, Employment and Society 32, no 3 (juin 2018) : 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017018762276.
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In refuting Guy Standing’s precariat as a class, we highlight that employment situation, worker identity and legal rights are mistakenly taken as theoretical components of class formation. Returning to theories of class we use Dahrendorf’s reading of Marx where three components of classes, the objective, the subjective and political struggle, are used to define the current formation of the working class in China. Class is not defined by status, identity or legal rights, but location in the sphere of production embedded within conflictual capital–labour relations. By engaging with the heated debates on the rise of a new working class in China, we argue that the blending of employment situation and rights in the West with the idea of precarity of migrant workers in China is misleading. Deconstructing the relationship between class and precarity, what we see as an unhappy coupling, is central to the article.
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Schierup, Carl-Ulrik, et Aleksandra Alund. « The Enigma of Commoning in Precarious Times : A Critical Perspective on Social Transformation ». HighTech and Innovation Journal 1, no 2 (1 juin 2020) : 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hij-2020-01-02-02.
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The article explores movements for social transformation in precarious times of austerity, dispossessed commons, and narrow nationalism. The authors contribute to social theory by linking questions by critics of “post-politics” to precarity studies on changing conditions of citizenship, labour and livelihoods. They discuss an ambiguous constitution of precariat movements in the borderlands between “civil” and “uncivil” society and “invited” and “invented” spaces for civic agency, and posit that contending movements of today are drawing intellectual energy from past movements for democracy, recognition and the common. The paper discusses the issue of an urban justice movement in Sweden emerging from the precariat in this formerly exceptionalist welfare state’s most disadvantaged urban areas. With its vision of reconstructing commons with roots in the working class movement, it has put forward claims for an egalitarian and non-racial democracy while confronting politically grounded frames of institutional conditionality.
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Jarecki, Wojciech. « Prekarianizm w Polsce – skala zjawiska, skutki i perspektywy ». Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 17, no 3 (29 octobre 2014) : 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.17.3.05.
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The precariat is a notion and a phenomenon that has drawn special attention of economists since the turn of 20th and 21st centuries. The article is based on the assumption that the precariat involves unwanted and long-term insecurity and uncertainty, a highly changeable situation on the labour market and many other negative consequences. The paper advances the thesis according to which the phenomenon in ques-tion will escalate and be experienced by a growing number of people who have reached pre-retirement age and are no longer mobile in occupational terms. The article is aimed at presenting reasons of possible growth of the problem under discussion, as well as the consequences faced by people who deal with it. Last but not least, potential ways of fighting precarity will be discussed. The analysis will be based on the literature on the subject, data derived from Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS) and Eurostat, as well as research con-ducted by the author.
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Canefe, Nergis. « Management of irregular migration : Syrians in Turkey as paradigm shifters for forced migration studies ». New Perspectives on Turkey 54 (mai 2016) : 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2016.6.
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AbstractIn the context of the series of civil wars that have struck the Middle East since the 1980s, the politico-economic changes in the post-Soviet geography of Eastern Europe and the Russian states, and the continuous turmoil in those parts of Africa and Asia where access to Turkish soil has been possible, Turkey emerged as a regional hub for receiving continuous flows of forced migration. As suggested by ample evidence in recent work on migration flows into Turkey, many of these “irregular migrants,” “stateless peoples,” or “asylum seekers” eventually become continuously employed under very unstable circumstances, thus fitting into the definition of the “precariat” or precarious proletariat. This paper examines the context within which such pervasive precarity takes root, directly affecting vulnerable groups such as the Syrian forced migrants arriving in Turkey in successive waves. The marked qualities of the Syrian case in terms of social precarity, combined with the degrees of disenfranchisement and economically precarious conditions for survival, indicates an institutionalized paradigm shift in the Turkish state’s management of irregular migration.
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Oliinyk, Ivan. « Precariat as a result of personalizing modern social, labor and personal practices ». Skhid 3, no 2 (1 septembre 2022) : 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/2411-3093.2022.3(2).287360.
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The author analyzes the manifestations of social precariousness practices in modern social and labor relations. The analysis is carried out in three methodological directions: political (the formation of the precariat is determined by political factors); economic and technological (precarious practices are considered from the point of view of economic flexibility); functionalist (fixation of an individual’s psychological characteristics specific to precarious practices is carried out). It is proved that it is the functional approach that gives grounds for further considerations regarding the life strategies chosen by the precariats, as well as their attitude to the state as the main source of their problems. It was revealed that the combination of a high protest potential with a low ability to organize makes the precariat an environment where, against the background of a low material status, fear and uncertainty about one's future can generate extreme forms of reaction to them – from the conforming acceptance in an individual order of the labor relations’ formats, which are provoked by employers, to spontaneous mass protests, which, however, are not able to eliminate the causes of precariousness, but often turn into trashes, intensified by inter-racial and inter-confessional contradictions
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Duffield, Mark. « Post-Humanitarianism ». Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 1, no 1 (1 janvier 2019) : 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.003.
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This paper provides a critical analysis of post-humanitarianism with reference to adaptive design. At a time when precarity has become a global phenomenon, the design principle has sidelined the need for, or even the possibility of, political change. Rather than working to eliminate precarity, post-humanitarianism is implicated in its reproduction and governance. Central here is a historic change in how the human condition is understood. The rational Homo economicus of modernism has been replaced by progressive neoliberalism’s cognitively challenged and necessarily ignorant Homo inscius. Solidarity with the vulnerable has given way to conditional empathy. Rather than structural outcomes to be protected against, not only are humanitarian crises now seen as unavoidable, they have become positively developmental. Post-humanitarianism no longer provides material assistance – its aim is to change the behaviour of the precariat in order to optimise its social reproduction. Together with the construction of logistical mega-corridors, this process is part of late-capitalism’s incorporation of the vast informal economies of the global South. Building on progressive neoliberalism’s antipathy towards formal structures and professional standards, through a combination of behavioural economics, cognitive manipulation and smart technology, post-humanitarianism is actively involved in the elimination of the very power to resist.
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Hogg, Emily J., et Peter Simonsen. « The Potential of Precarity ? Imagining Vulnerable Connection in Chris Dunkley’s the Precariat and Amy Liptrot’s the Outrun ». Criticism 62, no 1 (janvier 2020) : 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/crt.2020.a764110.
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Simpson, Aimee B., Leon A. Salter, Rituparna Roy, Luke D. Oldfield et Apriel D. Jolliffe Simpson. « Less talk, more action ». Learning and Teaching 16, no 2 (1 juin 2023) : 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2023.160206.
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Abstract Despite the growing size of the academic precariat in the tertiary sector, this exploited group of workers lacks a voice in either their universities or their national union. In this article we draw on our experiences of transitioning from a small activist group to a broader research collective with influence and voice, while forging networks of solidarity. Through reflecting on developing the Precarious Academic Work Survey (PAWS), we explore how action research is a viable way of structurally and politically (re)organising academic work. We argue that partnering with changemakers such as unions as co-researchers disrupts their embedded processes so that they may be (re)politicised towards pressing issues such as precarity. Further, we highlight how research can be used as a call to action and a tool to recruit powerful allies to collaborate on transforming universities into educational utopias.
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Means, Alexander J. « Generational Precarity, Education, and the Crisis of Capitalism : Conventional, Neo-Keynesian, and Marxian Perspectives ». Critical Sociology 43, no 3 (8 janvier 2015) : 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920514564088.
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In the wake of the global financial crisis, societies across the world are attempting to manage potentially destabilizing levels of youth unemployment and underemployment. New terms have entered the popular lexicon such as ‘generation jobless’, ‘the new underclass’, and ‘the precariat’ in order to describe a generation of young people struggling to acquire secure livelihoods in the most dismal labor market since the Great Depression. This article draws on analytical resources from critical sociology of education and heterodox political economy in order to critique orthodox economic diagnoses of generational precarity as a human capital problem. It argues that while neo-Keynesian accounts provide an important corrective to certain aspects of conventional (neoclassical/neoliberal) viewpoints, they ultimately fall short of the explanatory power of Marxian analysis, particularly concerning the primacy of class relations and the contradictory role of employment within an increasingly crisis-ridden global capitalism.
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Grajek, Z., A. Ejsmont, E. Milewska et Ewa Kleszczewska. « Aspects of precarity among employees of the Polish healthcare system ». Progress in Health Sciences 7, no 2 (14 août 2017) : 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5719.
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<b>Introduction</b>: Authors analyze aspects of social stratification proposed by Guy Standing with respect to key medical professions performing work in Polish publicly funded medical entities. <b>Purpose</b>: The aim of the paper is to assess how health care providers can be assigned to particular classes and if the precarity phenomenon occurs in their work environment. <b>Materials and methods</b>: An overview of statistical data was made on how health care providers performed their work in years 2005- 2014 and the pay rates in 2014. <b>Results</b>: The vast majority of medical staff employed on the basis of civil law contracts were doctors. A smaller number of civil law contracts has been concluded by nurses and midwives. The number of nurses performing work on this kind of contracts has increased considerably since 2005 and in 2014 there were 10.27% of them. A senior nurse earned PLN 2,600.00. It was very small in comparision with average gross remuneration in the national economy in 2014 amounted to PLN 3,783.46. Unemployment existed in population of nurses was 2.3–2.8%. It is called tyhe natural unemployment. <b>Conclusions</b>: It was found that precarity phenomena occur in the Polish healthcare system although none of the professions met all the criteria attributed to the precariat.
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Sweeney, Laura. « A Prayer for the Precariat, and : Five Research Analysts on the Verge of Precarity at the Social Behavior Institute ». WSQ : Women's Studies Quarterly 47, no 3-4 (2019) : 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2019.0062.
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Guogis, Arvydas, et Adomas Vincas Rakšnys. « Socialiniai ir ekonominiai prekariato plėtros aspektai ». Social Work : Experience and Methods 19, no 1 (2017) : 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2029-5820.19.1.1.
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Walsh, Paul. « Precarity ». ELT Journal 73, no 4 (octobre 2019) : 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccz029.
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Haekal, Muhammad, Ahmad Arief Muttaqien et Ainal Fitri. « Students' Perspectives on Future Employment : A Qualitative Study on Indonesian Higher Education Institutions during the COVID-19 Pandemic ». AL-ISHLAH : Jurnal Pendidikan 13, no 1 (27 mai 2021) : 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i1.502.
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This study aims to determine how undergraduate students at Indonesian higher education institutions think about future jobs associated with aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in precariat work. It involved twenty students from two public universities located in Aceh, Indonesia. Online in-depth interviews were used as the data collection methods. Additionally, Snyder’s hope theory was utilised as a theoretical framework for this qualitative study. The theory would be useful in understanding the students’ insights related to the precarity of the future job, especially in the aspect of goals, pathway, and agency. The study found that despite having a lack of visualisation towards the future, the undergraduate students generally believed that COVID-19 and precarious working arrangements were serious challenges towards future employment. Academic achievements such as high grades might not be sufficient unless supplemented by substantial organisational skills, vast networking, and a resilient entrepreneurial mentality. This study also underlined the vital role of higher education institutions in strategically preparing their students to face the unpredictability and precariousness of the future job marketplace.
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Cuter, Elisa. « Autofiction of the Cognitariat : Self-Criticism of a Bourgeois Dog ». International Journal of Film and Media Arts 8, no 2 (3 novembre 2023) : 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24140/ijfma.v8.n2.05.
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Artists and intellectuals living in precarious conditions (or: belonging to the cognitariat), find themselves at the crossroad between precarity and privilege. Julian Radlmaier’s Selbstkritik eines bürgerlichen Hundes (Self-Criticism of a Bourgeois Dog GER, 2017) deals with this issue in a very explicit, self-reflexive way. Its protagonist is a filmmaker on the dole who is sent by the German workfare program to work seasonally as an apple picker. Once at the orchard, when the other workers attempt a revolt, he discovers that his attachment to his status as an artist impedes him to join their struggle. The autofictional form of the film, I demonstrate, reflects a subjectivation dynamic that turns into a spiral of perceived debt, guilt, and political paralysis. By internalizing a widespread anti-intellectual bias, the film offers a paradigmatic account of why it is difficult for members of the cognitariat to solidarize with other segments of the precariat or the working class: the difficulty depends largely on the internalization of neoliberal capitalism’s ambivalent consideration of immaterial, cognitive, and creative work.
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Pentaraki, Maria, et Konstantina Dionysopoulou. « Social workers : a new precariat ? Precarity conditions of mental health social workers working in the non-profit sector in Greece ». European Journal of Social Work 22, no 2 (13 octobre 2018) : 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2018.1529664.
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Perocco, Fabio. « Precarizzazione strutturale del lavoro e precarizzazione globale delle migrazioni. L'esempio dei lavoratori in distacco intracomunitario ». ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, no 3 (décembre 2018) : 132–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2018-003011.
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L'articolo prende in esame i processi di precarizzazione del lavoro e di precarizzazione delle migrazioni, approfondisce i nessi tra questi due fenomeni e le conseguenze sociali derivanti dal loro intreccio (ad esempio la doppia precarietà dei lavoratori immigrati), analizza il ruolo delle politiche migratorie nel preparare il terreno all'ampliamento generale della precarietà. L'articolo si focalizza sul lavoro in distacco intracomunitario (posting of workers), che costituisce un esempio della convergenza dei processi di precarizzazione del lavoro e delle migrazioni, un fattore di allargamento della precarietà, un nuovo meccanismo di sfruttamento differenziale del lavoro, un osservatorio da cui esaminare le nuove forme di precarietà lavorativa e le caratteristiche delle politiche migratorie contemporanee basate sempre più spesso sui paradigmi della temporaneità e della circolarità.
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Lee, Ching Kwan. « China’s precariats ». Globalizations 16, no 2 (juin 2018) : 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2018.1479015.
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Bradley, Joff P. N., et Alex Taek-Gwang Lee. « On the Lumpen-Precariat-To-Come ». tripleC : Communication, Capitalism & ; Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 16, no 2 (4 mai 2018) : 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1006.
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As a prolegomena to writing a critique of contemporary capitalism which takes into account its semiotic, affective dimensions and which emphasises the notion of hyper-capitalism with Asian characteristics, and in considering the nature of the floating, heterogeneous population of the lumpenproletariat in the Asia-Pacific region in the 21st century, the authors believe they remain faithful to Marx and the 11th thesis on Feuerbach. Bringing a unique perspective to the debate and raising pressing issues regarding the exploitation of the lumpenproletariat, we are not content to merely revisit the concept of the lumpenproletariat in Marx’s writings such as The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852) but to apply this concept to the contemporary conditions of capitalism and especially to the loci of the precariat in Asia. Our goal is to begin to account for the changing demographic of labour flows, the precarity of life, the modern day slavery which takes place in our time. In examining the passage from the lumpenproletariat, hitherto defined as “non-class” or “people without a definite trace”, to lumpen-precariat, defined as people not seen in Asian economies (refugees, the illegally employed, illegal migrants, nationless foreign labour, the withdrawn clan, sex industry workers, night workers; those behind walls, gated communities, and other entrance-exit barriers), this paper discloses not only the subsistence of those in the non-places of the world – in the technocratic-commercial archipelago of urban technopoles – but also and, arguably more importantly, on the Outside, namely the rest of the planet, the other six-sevenths of humanity. This paper looks for “a” missing people, “a” singular, people yet to come, those exiled, excluded and unseen – sited on the edges of respectable society.
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Hogg et Simonsen. « The Potential of Precarity ? Imagining Vulnerable Connection in Chris Dunkley's The Precariat and Amy Liptrot's The Outrun ». Criticism 62, no 1 (2020) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/criticism.62.1.0001.
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Di Gregorio, Luciano. « Psicoterapia della e nella precarietŕ ». RIVISTA ITALIANA DI GRUPPOANALISI, no 1 (juin 2011) : 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rig2011-001013.
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Zaccardi, Glauco. « Lavoroŕ la carte e precarietŕ ». QUESTIONE GIUSTIZIA, no 3 (septembre 2011) : 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qg2011-003015.
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Uno dei tratti della condizione giovanile č il passaggio dalla scuola al lavoro. Orbene, nell'ultimo decennio, la scelta del legislatore italiano - pur con il dichiarato fine di agevolare l'inserimento giovanile nel mondo del lavoro - č stata in realtŕ quella di costruire un sistema che consente agli imprenditori di pagare poco i lavoratori di etŕ inferiore a trenta anni, senza che a questi ultimi siano forniti, attraverso adeguati percorsi formativi, gli strumenti per costruirsi un futuro in linea con le aspettative di sviluppo della persona attraverso il lavoro. Il tutto in un quadro di assoluta insufficienza delle tutele previdenziali. Precarietŕ, dunque, senza formazione né sicurezza sociale.
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Van Milders, Lucas. « Precarity/Coloniality ». College Literature 48, no 4 (2021) : 1068–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lit.2021.0031.
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