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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Probability of manipulation »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 2 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Sussman, Steve, Clyde W. Dent, Brian R. Flay, et al. "Media Manipulation of Adolescents' Personal Level Judgments regarding Consequences of Smokeless Tobacco Use." Journal of Drug Education 19, no. 1 (1989): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/51yx-l5hd-y78b-5e5d.

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Videotapes were developed to try to impact on personal level judgments of concern and risk in the context of smokeless tobacco use, a growing substance use problem in adolescents. In a within-and-between-subjects design, convincingness (i.e., dramatic portrayal) of the videotaped message (high and low) and perceived probability of consequences portrayed in the message (high and low) were manipulated. Both manipulations were done by varying presentation style of the same, accurate information. The manipulation of convincingness did not alter the impact of the message on most judgments, whereas

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Khan, Ajaan Rahman, and Mohsina Akter. "An Analysis of Earnings Management: Evidence from Food & Allied Industry of Bangladesh." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 7, no. 2 (2017): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v7i2.12205.

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The objective of the study is to examine the existence of earnings management within listed companies in the food and allied industry of Bangladesh. The renowned Beneish Model has been used to test whether the firms are involved in any sort of earnings manipulation or not. In addition, the tendency of the companies to continuous practice of earnings manipulation has been examined. The study covers a span of 5 years from 2011 to 2015 where the financial figures are tested on the model to find the probability of the companies being a manipulator of earnings. According to Beneish model, companies

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Zajac, Mateusz, Tomislav Rožić, and Dora Naletina. "Determining the Probability of Unproductive Manipulations in Inland Intermodal Terminal Operations." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 35, no. 3 (2023): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v35i3.72.

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The paper concerns the method of determining the probability of unproductive manipulations during operations, maintenance or repairs on an inland intermodal terminal. The method is mathematically based on the semi-Markov process. The developed method enables revision of unproductive manipulation frequency and duration. It provides an opportunity to analyse and change inland terminal operations so as to increase productivity.

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Mućko, Przemysław, and Adam Adamczyk. "Does the bankrupt cheat? Impact of accounting manipulations on the effectiveness of a bankruptcy prediction." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (2023): e0280384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280384.

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The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the unreliability of the Altman bankruptcy prediction model may be caused by manipulations in financial statements. Our study was carried out on a group of 369 bankrupt Polish companies, with the research period covering the years 2011–2020. In the study, we divided the companies into two groups: those correctly classified by Altman’s model as at risk of bankruptcy, and companies for which the model did not indicate a significant bankruptcy risk. Using a logit model, we tested whether the probability of companies being correctly classif

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Cockett, J. Robin B., Jalel Zrida, and J. Douglas Birdwell. "Stochastic Decision Theory." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 3, no. 1 (1989): 13–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800000966.

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The manipulations and basic results of stochastic decision theory are introduced. The manipulations of idempotence, transposition, and repetition, introduced for deterministic decision trees, can be used to manipulate stochastic trees. However, there are two major differences. First, in order to obtain a complete set of manipulations it is necessary to introduce an additional rule called indifference. Second, these identities must be treated as rules of inference. Not all the rules can be soundly applied in both directions; in particular, idempotence is a one-way rule.A manipulation of a stoch

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Francesco, Paolone, and MAGAZZINO COSIMO. "Earnings Manipulation among the Main Industrial Sectors. Evidence from Italy." Economia Aziendale Online 5, no. 4 (2021): 253–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683410.

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This paper examines the risk of earnings manipulation among the Stock Italian Companies (“Società per Azioni”) in the main industrial sectors. The companies have been selected from the leading industrial sectors (textile, food, clothing, automotive and metallurgic) which have been generating relevant revenue streams over the past decades. These industry sectors have considered the ones who have driven the Italian Economy. By collecting financial data from AIDA database, we test the existence of Earnings Manipulation within Stock Italian Companies using the Beneish Model (Man

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Brooms, A. C. "Data Manipulation with R." Journal of Applied Statistics 37, no. 12 (2010): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760903075531.

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Ju, Dianming, Ying Zhang, Rui Li, Shuang Liu, Longhai Li, and Haitao Chen. "Mechanism-Independent Manipulation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Atomic Force Microscopy Tip." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (2020): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081494.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanomanipulation can align the orientation and position of individual carbon nanotubes accurately. However, the flexible deformation during the tip manipulation modifies the original shape of these nanotubes, which could affect its electrical properties and reduce the accuracy of AFM nanomanipulation. Thus, we developed a protocol for searching the synergistic parameter combinations to push single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to maintain their original shape after manipulation as far as possible, without requiring the sample physical properties and the tip

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Dee, Thomas S., Will Dobbie, Brian A. Jacob, and Jonah Rockoff. "The Causes and Consequences of Test Score Manipulation: Evidence from the New York Regents Examinations." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 11, no. 3 (2019): 382–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170520.

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We show that the design and decentralized scoring of New York’s high school exit exams—the Regents Examinations—led to systematic manipulation of test scores just below important proficiency cutoffs. Exploiting a series of reforms that eliminated score manipulation, we find heterogeneous effects of test score manipulation on academic outcomes. While inflating a score increases the probability of a student graduating from high school by about 17 percentage points, the probability of taking advanced coursework declines by roughly 10 percentage points. We argue that these results are consistent w

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Jiang, Xiaolei. "Conditional Probability in Machine Learning." Journal of Education and Educational Research 4, no. 2 (2023): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v4i2.10647.

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To help teaching of machine learning course, manipulation rules and application examples of conditional probabilities in machine learning are presented. The emphasis is to make a clear distinction between reasonable assumptions and logical deductions developed from assumptions and axioms. The formula for conditional probability of conditional probability is presented with examples in Bayesian coin tossing, Bayesian linear regression, and Gaussian processes for regression and classification. The signal + noise model is formulated in terms of a proposition and exemplified by linear-Gaussian mode

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Vass, Gábor, Béla Lantos, and Shahram Payandeh. "Object Reconfiguration with Dextrous Robot Agents." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 10, no. 2 (2006): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2006.p0234.

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This paper addresses an object manipulation planning algorithm for dextrous robot systems consisting a multifingered hand and a robotic manipulator. A method has been developed for object reconfiguration design. The result is a new algorithm using artificial intelligence based on simulated annealing and A* search. The upper level of the manipulation system, the global planner generates the motion of the object. The lower level, the local planner deals with the motion of the agents relative to the object and the design of the contact forces. The local planner is based on simulated annealing, th

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Poulin, R. "The evolution of parasite manipulation of host behaviour: a theoretical analysis." Parasitology 109, S1 (1994): S109—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000085127.

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SUMMARYParasite-induced modifications of host behaviour are known from a wide range of host-parasite associations. In many cases, these behavioural changes are thought to be adaptive and. benefit the parasite by increasing its probability of successful transmission. However, in many cases, energy spent on host manipulation will not be available for other functions, such as growth. These trade-offs suggest that in the absence of other constraints, natural selection will optimize, and not maximize, the influence of parasites on host behaviour. This argument is developed and expanded into theoret

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Wang, Xintong, Christopher Hoang, Yevgeniy Vorobeychik, and Michael P. Wellman. "Spoofing the Limit Order Book: A Strategic Agent-Based Analysis." Games 12, no. 2 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12020046.

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We present an agent-based model of manipulating prices in financial markets through spoofing: submitting spurious orders to mislead traders who learn from the order book. Our model captures a complex market environment for a single security, whose common value is given by a dynamic fundamental time series. Agents trade through a limit-order book, based on their private values and noisy observations of the fundamental. We consider background agents following two types of trading strategies: the non-spoofable zero intelligence (ZI) that ignores the order book and the manipulable heuristic belief

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Gottlob, Lawrence R., Marylou Cheal, and Don R. Lyon. "Time Course of Location-Cuing Effects With a Probability Manipulation." Journal of General Psychology 126, no. 3 (1999): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221309909595366.

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Abrams, Marshall. "Probability and Manipulation: Evolution and Simulation in Applied Population Genetics." Erkenntnis 80, S3 (2015): 519–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-015-9784-4.

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Negi, Pankaj. "Design and Development of Mechatronic Systems for Micro/Nano Manipulation." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (2021): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2498.

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The design and development of mechatronic systems for micro/nano manipulation have become a crucial field of study in recent years. With the increasing demand for precise and controlled manipulation at the micro/nano scale, researchers and engineers have focused on developing advanced mechatronic systems capable of achieving high accuracy and dexterity. This abstract presents a comprehensive overview of the key aspects involved in the design and development of mechatronic systems for micro/nano manipulation. The design and development of mechatronic systems for micro/nano manipulation represen

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Yee, Audrey S., J. Mark Longacher, and Kevin J. Staley. "Convulsant and Anticonvulsant Effects on Spontaneous CA3 Population Bursts." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 1 (2003): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00594.2002.

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This paper analyzes the effects of a convulsant and an anticonvulsant manipulation on spontaneous bursts in CA3 pyramidal cells in the in vitro slice preparation under conditions of low (3.3 mM [K+]o) and high (8.5 mM [K+]o) burst probability. When burst probability was low, the anticonvulsant, pentobarbital, produced the anticipated effects: the burst duration decreased and interburst interval increased. However, when burst probability was high, both anticonvulsant and convulsant manipulations decreased the interburst interval and the burst duration. To reconcile these findings, we utilized a

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Kallenberg, W. C. M. "Interpretation and Manipulation of Edgeworth Expansions." Theory of Probability & Its Applications 37, no. 1 (1993): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1137033.

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Nemtseva, Yulia V., and Anastasia S. Valeeva. "(Not)real value: The impact of the reliability of financial statements on the value of the company." RUDN Journal of Economics 31, no. 3 (2023): 567–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-3-567-586.

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The article presents methodological tools for assessing the value of the company, taking into account the fact of distortion of the accounting (financial) statements of the company. The reliability of the reporting of companies of the type of economic activity “Construction” is determined - one of the most important industries for the development of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) in the post-pandemic reality. The cost of construction companies of the SFD is estimated, the existence of a relationship between the manipulation of reporting and the value of the company is revealed. The author

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Robertson, Justus, Adam Amos-Binks, and R. Young. "Directing Intentional Superposition Manipulation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 13, no. 2 (2021): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v13i2.12991.

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Strong story interactive narratives (IN) are stories that branch based on participant actions where all branches conform to a set of predefined constraints. However, participants in these systems may create branches where the constraints no longer hold. Strong story experience management, the process of generating IN trees, can be viewed as a game where the experience management agent wins if the story constraints hold during gameplay and loses if they are broken. In domains where the player has incomplete information of the story world, the experience manager can take action by shifting the p

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Vidimina, Iuliia, Mihail Fikov, Viktor Varlashin, and Dmitrii Popov. "VR-based two-arm anthropomorphic manipulation system control methods." Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 12, no. 3 (2024): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.12305.

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VR-based two-arm anthropomorphic manipulation system control methods are considered to solve tasks in small-size spaces, considering factors reducing control efficiency. Methods for developing an intuitive user interface and control methods are described considering time delays, the probability of collisions and self-intersections, and dis-crepancy between the actions of the operator and the manipulation system. The best ways to control a two-arm anthropomorphic manipulation system are identified. A concept for such two-arm anthropomorphic manipulation system control method based on developing

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Kallenberg, W. C. M. "Interpretation and manipulation of Edgeworth expansions." Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 45, no. 2 (1993): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00775819.

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Borja, Mario Cortina. "Data Manipulation in R." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 172, no. 3 (2009): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2009.00595_9.x.

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Bates, Douglas M. "Data Manipulation with R by Phil Spector." International Statistical Review 76, no. 2 (2008): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-5823.2008.00054_25.x.

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Chaudhary, Juhi, Hendrik Molter, and Meirav Zehavi. "Adaptive Manipulation for Coalitions in Knockout Tournaments." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 13 (2025): 13700–13708. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i13.33497.

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Knockout tournaments, also known as single-elimination or cup tournaments, are a popular form of sports competitions. In the standard probabilistic setting, for each pairing of players, one of the players wins the game with a certain (a priory known) probability. Due to their competitive nature, tournaments are prone to manipulation. We investigate the computational problem of determining whether, for a given tournament, a coalition has a manipulation strategy that increases the winning probability of a designated player above a given threshold. More precisely, in every round of the tournament

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Aiello, Michael Francis. "Gendered messages in police recruitment." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 3 (2019): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2018-0072.

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Purpose Prior research established several important influences on the representation of women in policing, using a variety of secondary and primary data. The purpose of this paper is to examine how experimental manipulation of online recruitment materials impacts potential applicants. Design/methodology/approach The study relied on a census of 11 criminal justice courses taught at a public university, asking students to respond to an experimental vignette instrument (n=174). The 3×2 experimental vignette involved manipulation of two variables: the identification of recruits with diversity lan

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Gammerman, A. J. "The representation and manipulation of the algorithmic probability measure for problem solving." Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 4, no. 3-4 (1991): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01531061.

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Schutte, Iris, Peter K. H. Deschamps, Peter N. van Harten, and J. Leon Kenemans. "Dopaminergic and noradrenergic manipulation of anticipatory reward and probability event-related potentials." Psychopharmacology 237, no. 7 (2020): 2019–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05515-x.

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Crespo, Cristian. "Beyond Manipulation: Administrative Sorting in Regression Discontinuity Designs." Journal of Causal Inference 8, no. 1 (2020): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jci-2019-0009.

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Abstract This paper elaborates on administrative sorting, a threat to internal validity that has been overlooked in the regression discontinuity (RD) literature. Variation in treatment assignment near the threshold may still not be as good as random even when individuals are unable to precisely manipulate the running variable. This can be the case when administrative procedures, beyond individuals’ control and knowledge, affect their position near the threshold non-randomly. If administrative sorting is not recognized it can be mistaken as manipulation, preventing fixing the running variable a

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Mossel, E., A. D. Procaccia, and M. Z. Racz. "A Smooth Transition from Powerlessness to Absolute Power." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 48 (December 17, 2013): 923–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4125.

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We study the phase transition of the coalitional manipulation problem for generalized scoring rules. Previously it has been shown that, under some conditions on the distribution of votes, if the number of manipulators is o(sqrt{n}), where n is the number of voters, then the probability that a random profile is manipulable by the coalition goes to zero as the number of voters goes to infinity, whereas if the number of manipulators is omega(sqrt{n}), then the probability that a random profile is manipulable goes to one. Here we consider the critical window, where a coalition has size c*sqrt{n},

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Wiedman, Christine I. "Instructional Case: Detecting Earnings Manipulation." Issues in Accounting Education 14, no. 1 (1999): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.1999.14.1.145.

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This case focuses on the use of financial statement analysis in the detection of earnings manipulation. Specifically, it draws on advances in the accounting research literature and provides a way of integrating this knowledge into an auditing or master's level accounting/financial statement analysis course. Students are required to assess the probability that a set of financial statements contain fraud by analyzing excerpts from the company's financial and proxy statements, and applying the Beneish (1997) probit model for detecting earnings manipulation. Students are also encouraged to utilize

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Hare, Eric, Andreas Buja, and Heike Hofmann. "Manipulation of Discrete Random Variables with discreteRV." R Journal 7, no. 1 (2015): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/rj-2015-015.

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Thabit, Rasha, and Saad M. Shukr. "Iris Image Watermarking Technique for Security and Manipulation Reveal." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 6, no. 4 (2022): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.4.1287.

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Providing security while storing or sharing iris images has been considered as an interesting research topic and accordingly different iris image watermarking techniques have been presented. Most of the available techniques have been presented to ensure the attachment of the secret data to their related iris images or to hide a logo which can be used for copyright purposes. The previous security techniques can successfully meet their aims; however, they cannot reveal the manipulations in the iris region. This paper presents an iris image watermarking technique that can provide security and rev

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Oganian, Yulia, Hauke R. Heekeren, and Christoph W. Korn. "Low foreign language proficiency reduces optimism about the personal future." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 1 (2018): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818774789.

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Optimistic estimates about the personal future constitute one of the best-described and most-debated decision biases related to emotion. Nevertheless, it has been difficult to isolate manipulations that reduce optimistic estimates. Eliciting estimates in a foreign language is a promising candidate manipulation because foreign language use alters decision biases in scenarios with emotional components. Consequently, we tested whether foreign language use reduces optimistic estimates. In a laboratory experiment, participants ( n = 45) estimated their probability of experiencing life events either

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Weiss, Anna Fiona, Franziska Kretzschmar, Matthias Schlesewsky, Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, and Adrian Staub. "Comprehension demands modulate re-reading, but not first-pass reading behavior." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 1 (2018): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1307862.

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Several studies have examined effects of explicit task demands on eye movements in reading. However, there is relatively little prior research investigating the influence of implicit processing demands. In this study, processing demands were manipulated by means of a between-subject manipulation of comprehension question difficulty. Consistent with previous results from Wotschack and Kliegl, the question difficulty manipulation influenced the probability of regressing from late in sentences and re-reading earlier regions; readers who expected difficult comprehension questions were more likely

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Seppälä, Otto, and Jukka Jokela. "Host manipulation as a parasite transmission strategy when manipulation is exploited by non-host predators." Biology Letters 4, no. 6 (2008): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0335.

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Trophically transmitted parasites often alter their intermediate host's phenotype, thereby predisposing hosts to increased predation. This is generally considered to be a parasite strategy evolved to enhance transmission to the next host. However, the adaptive value of host manipulation is not clear, as it may be associated with costs, such as increased susceptibility to predator species that are unsuitable next hosts for the parasites. Thus, it has been proposed that, to be adaptive, manipulation should be specific by predisposing hosts more strongly to predation by target hosts (next host in

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Aïd, René, Giorgia Callegaro, and Luciano Campi. "No–arbitrage commodity option pricing with market manipulation." Mathematics and Financial Economics 14, no. 3 (2020): 577–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11579-020-00265-y.

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Holliday, Wesley H., Alexander Kristoffersen, and Eric Pacuit. "Learning to Manipulate Under Limited Information." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 13 (2025): 13915–25. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i13.33522.

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By classic results in social choice theory, any reasonable preferential voting method sometimes gives individuals an incentive to report an insincere preference. The extent to which different voting methods are more or less resistant to such strategic manipulation has become a key consideration for comparing voting methods. Here we measure resistance to manipulation by whether neural networks of varying sizes can learn to profitably manipulate a given voting method in expectation, given different types of limited information about how other voters will vote. We trained over 100,000 neural netw

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Sager, Tore. "Manipulative Features of Planning Styles." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, no. 5 (2001): 765–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3320.

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This paper identifies features of well-known planning modes affecting the likelihood of manipulation. Results from social choice theory and the economic theory of organisation help to explain why certain combinations of planning styles and organisational characteristics stimulate or hamper manipulation. Although the planning process can be rigged in many ways, false revelation of preferences and strategic agenda formation are primarily studied here. When each decisionmaker can rank the alternatives any way he or she wants, the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem states that manipulation-free procedu

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Kantarci, Burak, Kevin G. Carr, and Connor D. Pearsall. "SONATA." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 7, no. 1 (2016): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2016010104.

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With the advent of mobile cloud computing paradigm, mobile social networks (MSNs) have become attractive tools to share, publish and analyze data regarding everyday behavior of mobile users. Besides revealing information about social interactions between individuals, MSNs can assist smart city applications through crowdsensing services. In presence of malicious users who aim at misinformation through manipulation of their sensing data, trustworthiness arises as a crucial issue for the users who receive service from smart city applications. In this paper, the authors propose a new crowdsensing

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Abbasi, Azhar Mehmood, and Muhammad Yousaf Shahd. "Manipulation-based ranked set sampling scheme." Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 13, no. 4 (2017): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v13i4.1539.

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Журавлев, Д. М. "DIGITAL STATISTICS AS A MEANS OF LANGUAGE MANIPULATION IN THE MEDIA." Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev, no. 1(122) (April 1, 2024): 013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2024.122.1.002.

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В современную эпоху информационных войн средства массовой информации (СМИ) ищут эффективные средства манипулирования массовым сознанием реципиентов. Одним из таких средств манипуляции является цифровая статистика. Цель настоящего исследования состоит в определении роли цифровой статистики как средства языкового манипулирования в современных СМИ. Формируемые статистикой информационные данные дают точное описание происходящих событий. Статистические данные обладают такими свойствами, как актуальность, наглядность, конкретность и официозность, что придает им особое значение в системе средств масс

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Contreras Sánchez, Javier, Fray de Landa Castillo-Alvarado, and José Luis Hernández-Pozos. "Manipulation of Population Levels through Zeno-Type Measurements." Photonics 10, no. 10 (2023): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101170.

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We present a scheme, based on Bloch equations and Zeno-type measurements, that allows the control of the probability density evolution of the eigenstates of a V-type system. The equations are solved numerically and we present how the population in each level can be controlled using different sequences of “pulse measurements”. The entropy between the “measurement device” and the field used to perform the measurement process is evaluated for different strengths of such field, these calculations show that the entropy is maximized when we are in the Zeno regime. The results shown here unveil diffe

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Pratama, Muhammad Naufal Putra, and Aminah. "Deteksi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Sektor Farmasi dengan Beneish M-Score." JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi) 11, no. 2 (2025): 706–22. https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v11i2.3850.

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This research seeks to identify the potential for fraudulent activities in the financial statements of companies operating within the pharmaceutical industry that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2023. Fraudulent financial reporting can diminish public confidence and have detrimental effects on the economy. The study utilizes the Beneish M-Score method, which evaluates the probability of manipulation in financial statements through ratio analysis. A total of 11 pharmaceutical firms participated in this research and were classified into Non-Manipulator, Grey Company

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Pierce, Jordan E., and Jennifer E. McDowell. "Modulation of cognitive control levels via manipulation of saccade trial-type probability assessed with event-related BOLD fMRI." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 2 (2016): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00776.2015.

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Cognitive control supports flexible behavior adapted to meet current goals and can be modeled through investigation of saccade tasks with varying cognitive demands. Basic prosaccades (rapid glances toward a newly appearing stimulus) are supported by neural circuitry, including occipital and posterior parietal cortex, frontal and supplementary eye fields, and basal ganglia. These trials can be contrasted with complex antisaccades (glances toward the mirror image location of a stimulus), which are characterized by greater functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) blood oxygenation level-depend

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Hausken, Kjell. "A Game Theoretic Model of Adversaries and Media Manipulation." Games 10, no. 4 (2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g10040048.

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A model is developed for two players exerting media manipulation efforts to support each of two actors who interact controversially. Early evidence may support one actor, while the full evidence emerging later may support the other actor. Exerting effort when the full evidence exceeds (falls short off) the early evidence is rewarded (punished) with lower (higher) unit effort cost. Properties and simulations are presented to illustrate the players’ strategic challenges when altering eight model parameters, i.e., a player’s unit effort cost, stake in the interaction, proportionality parameter sc

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Imparato, A., and L. Peliti. "Evaluation of free energy landscapes from manipulation experiments." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2006, no. 03 (2006): P03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2006/03/p03005.

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Teplova, Daria, and Egor Ianovski. "Comparing the Manipulability of Approval Voting and Borda." Contributions to Game Theory and Management 15 (2022): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu31.2022.18.

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The Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem established that no non-trivial voting rule is strategy-proof, but that does not mean that all voting rules are equally susceptible to strategic manipulation. Over the past fifty years numerous approaches have been proposed to compare the manipulability of voting rules in terms of the probability of manipulation, the domains on which manipulation is possible, the complexity of finding such a manipulation, and others. In the closely related field of matching, Pathak and Snmez (2013) pioneered a notion of manipulability based on case-by-case comparison of manipu

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Kulakovich, O. S., L. I. Gurinovich, L. I. Trotsiuk, et al. "Manipulation of the quantum dots photostability using gold nanoparticles." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 66, no. 2 (2022): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2022-66-2-148-155.

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The effect of plasmonic films containing gold nanoparticles of different shape (nanospheres and nanorods) on the photostability of InP/ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS and CdSe/ZnCdS/ZnS quantum dots with core/shell structure has been determined. Gold nanospheres increase the photostability of InP/ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots when excited by blue LED radiation when reducing the average lifetime of the excited state of quantum dots and, accordingly, when reducing the probability of Auger processes. An increase in the average lifetime of the excited state of CdSe/ZnCdS/ZnS quantum dots in complexes with gold nanor

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Aïd, René, Giorgia Callegaro, and Luciano Campi. "Correction to: No-arbitrage commodity option pricing with market manipulation." Mathematics and Financial Economics 15, no. 2 (2021): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11579-020-00285-8.

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