Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Process of conurbation »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Process of conurbation"
1
Spórna, Tomasz. « The suburbanisation process in a depopulation context in the Katowice conurbation, Poland ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 6, no 1 (1 mars 2018) : 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2018-0007.
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AbstractThe Katowice conurbation is an example of a typical old industrial region in Central and Eastern Europe, whose socioeconomic transformation, initiated after 1990, has led to spatial and functional changes. The aim of this article is to present the suburbanisation process in the Katowice conurbation based on demographic changes and an analysis of migration flow. This process has been taking place in the area since the 2000s and takes on the shape of a multi-centre development of newly created individual and developed housing zones (both in the core and in the suburban area of the conurbation). Since 1990, the cities of the Katowice conurbation have been undergoing a process of shrinking. This process is manifested in the decline in number of urban residents in the years 1991–2016, amounting to 366 thousand people. Moreover, the cities face numerous social, economic and spatial problems. Since 1995, simultaneous with the shrinking of the cities of the Katowice conurbation, there has been an increase in the number of inhabitants in its suburban areas (since 2004, the trend has continued to be positive). Population increases have also been recorded in some inner-city zones of the conurbation. The suburbanisation process in the outer zone of the conurbation includes, in particular, the communes located north and south of the cities constituting its core, including the communes of Ożarowice, Psary, Mierzęcice in the north and Mikołów, Orzesze, Wyry in the south-west. On the other hand, the areas of intense inner-city construction development, located in the areas of the Katowice conurbation core, which are attractive in terms of environment and transportation, are undergoing so-called, “internal suburbanisation”.
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Fojcik, Edward. « Railway in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin conurbation. It is time for the underground. » Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2016, no 1 (1 janvier 2016) : 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_16_01_02.
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Opportunities for a railway network to be used in present and prospective passenger transports in Upper Silesian and Coal Basin conurbation. PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. intensions in the scope of modernization and reconstruction of railway network in the conurbation, for the purpose of functional regional and long-distance passenger transport systems’ evolution. Technical and organizational conditions to separate rail passenger services from cargo transportation in the conurbation, furthermore, separating regional and long-distance rail traffic in the passenger transport. Reasons to build new railway lines connecting the conurbation center and Katowice-Pyrzowice International Airport. Courses of action for the undergrounds’ process of planning at each stage in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin conurbation center, as well as regional railway lines for a local transport and a high – speed railway for a long- distance passengers’ domestic and international transport.
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Spórna, Tomasz, et Monika Kurpanik. « Socio-economic changes in the Rybnik conurbation (Poland) as a result of economic restructuring – a case study ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 1, no 1 (1 mars 2013) : 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0006.
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Abstract The Rybnik conurbation is an example of a traditional industrial area, where, due to economic restructuring, social and economic transformations are taking place. It is located in the Silesian voivodeship (southern Poland) and its development is mostly based on intensive coal mining after the Second World War. The article presents selected aspects of social and economic transformation happening in the area of the Rybnik conurbation after 1945 and connected with its rapid economic development in the 1960s and 70s, as well as with the systematic and economic transformation in Poland after 1989. The article was prepared on the base of subject literature, statistics and own studies. Population transformations have been analysed for the period 1980-2010, in each case, in relation to selected administrative units and three zones of the conurbation - the core, the inner and the outer areas. In order to evaluate and compare the demographic situation in the Rybnik conurbation in the years 1988 and 2008, a rank method has been applied. Community classification has been based on the total value of ranks for particular communities for the following variables: birth rate, population growth, net migration rate and the participation of the population in the pre-working and post-working age. The results of population transformation indicate that until 1991, the population of the Rybnik conurbation had been increasing (up to 197.7 thousand people). In the period 1991-2012, it decreased by 26.4 thousand (i.e. by 3.8%). In the same period of time, depopulation took place in the largest mining cities of the conurbation core (Wodzisław Śląski, 56.1%, connected with its administrative division into 4 towns and 1 rural community; Jastrzębie-Zdrój - 12.3%, Żory - 7.8% and Rybnik, to a lesser degree - 2.7%). The rank method that was applied has revealed the worsened demographic condition in the western communes of the conurbation (a shift from weak to bad). Simultaneously, in the period 1990-2012, the population gradually increased in the outer zone of the conurbation, by 6.8%. This indicates the process of suburbanisation taking place in the area. Demographic and economic changes in the Rybnik conurbation after 1989, in comparison to other mining areas in Poland and in Europe, seem to be less intensive.
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Blus, Pavel I., et Oleg B. Ganin. « Spatial aspects and prerequisites for agglomeration process in old industrial territories of the Western Urals ». Ars Administrandi (Искусство управления) 12, no 4 (2020) : 656–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-9173-2020-4-656-677.
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Introduction: the article examines the materials of Gornozavodsk local economic micro-district to identify the processes that shape the classical poly-centered conurbation on this territory. Objectives: analysis of Gornozavodsk conurbation specific features, historical development of this old industrial territory in the Western Urals, as well as the overall social, economic, and infrastructural challenges of future opportunities for the mining and metallurgical area of Prikamye. Methods: comparative and comprehensive analysis of the prerequisites and agglomeration evolution in the old industrial territory of the mining and metallurgical Prikamye, statistic data analysis, analysis of the regulatory documents on the territory spatial development, identification of the strategic potential for Gornozavodsk conurbation. Results: spatial aspect and prerequisites to shape and develop the agglomeration processes in the neighboring municipalities in the mining and metallurgical Prikamye have been identified; strategic priorities for dealing with the traditional challenges in the social and economic development in the old industrial territories have been formulated in terms of their neighboring and associated performance. Conclusions: the current conditions of the uneven spatial development and polarization of the social and economic processes update the need to identify priority “growth points”, to enhance agglomeration aspects of the territorial interaction, to consolidate the efforts by the federal, regional, and municipal authorities and systemic companies in strategic development of the industrial territories in the Western Urals.
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Szubert, Mariusz, et Michał Żemła. « The Role of the Geographical Textbooks in Grounding Negative Stereotypes of a Tourism Destination—The Case of Upper Silesian Conurbation in Poland ». Administrative Sciences 9, no 2 (15 juin 2019) : 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci9020042.
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Tourists’ decisions on selecting their destinations are driven by their imagination of available offers, rather than by the real offers. The special role of the image of tourism destination in the process of building a competitive position result, among other things, comes from the fact the image is a factor of competitiveness influenced by both intentional and accidental actions of entities, whom are active in a particular tourism destination as well as environmental elements, which are beyond the influence of these entities. The cities of the Upper Silesian Conurbation were for many years perceived as completely dominated by heavy industry. Nowadays, after significant changes in their economy and environment, local authorities are struggling to fight that negative perception. The aim of the paper is to examine if the negative image of the Conurbation is grounded by the textbooks for geography for secondary schools in Poland. The textbooks were studied using the content analysis as an example of important autonomous sources of information. Particular stress was put on analysis of the heading and pictures in the chapters on the Conurbation. The results prove that industrial image of the region is being grounded by the geography textbooks. It was discovered that the picture of Upper Silesian Conurbation that might be found in researched textbooks is almost identical with what was previously presented in the literature as tourists’ perception of the Conurbation. The results prove the role of the textbooks and the whole school education as factors shaping the image of particular places that people have also as adults. That role was neither researched nor clearly stated in the literature so far.
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Orellana-Mc Bride, Alejandro Guillermo. « Conformación metropolitana desde la fragmentación. El proceso de conurbación del Gran La Serena ». Revista Urbano 23, no 41 (31 mai 2020) : 58–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2020.23.41.04.
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Szajnowska-Wysocka, Alicja, et Elżbieta Zuzańska-Żyśko. « The Upper-Silesian conurbation on the path towards the “Silesia” metropolis ». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 21, no 21 (1 septembre 2013) : 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0025.
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Abstract In its methodological context, the article, expands on the idea of the organization of the “Silesia” superstructure. The idea of establishing a common urban organism emerged with the local governments of the Upper Silesian conurbation cities and was dictated by the need to find a way to change the traditional image of the Silesian region and its post-industrial role in the economic space of the country, as well as Europe. Therefore, in 2009, the Metropolitan Association of Upper- Silesia, an association for the initial institutionalization of “Silesia”, was registered, because “Silesia” does not hold any administrative or legal force. Such an organizational “revolution” of the Upper Silesian conurbation initiated a wide social debate, in which the arguments of both supporters and opponents of such an enterprise in the Silesian region became apparent, together with misunderstandings related to the term “metropolis”, and the idea of establishing “Silesia”. Representatives of local governments chose the more prestigious term “metropolis” as if a complex metropolisation had taken place in the Upper Silesian conurbation. It would be adequate, however, to look only for the first features of metropolitan functions in this de-industrialized and restructured region, which are going to shape the longlasting metropolisation process under the influence of globalisation.
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Lamparska, Marzena. « The issues of drainage of discussed mines in the Katowice conurbation, Poland ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 1, no 1 (1 mars 2013) : 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0003.
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Abstract The Katowice conurbation is situated in the Upper-Silesian Coal Basin, in a region which had high rate of water inflow in the pre-mining period. In order to make deposits of mineral resources accessible, it was, and still is, necessary provide mines with a draining system, which now reaches as deep as 1200 m. The area of the depression sink which was thus created is about 1200 km2. Currently, all metal ore mines within the conurbation, as well as part of coal mines, have been closed down, but water which flows into them is still pumped out due to the legal obligation to protect neighbouring operating mines. After the operation and drainage of mines cease, water coming to abandoned excavations will begin restoring static reserves in the orogen, which, depending on hydrological conditions, will take between several and a few dozen years. As the level of underground water rises, the process of subsidence of old shallow mining excavations will intensify, and many depressions may appear in highly urbanized areas. In areas of mining subsidence, the underground water-table will be close to the surface, causing flooding of basements and building foundations, and the deepest subsidence basins will probably be completely flooded. Current location of operating mines on the northern and southern sides of the conurbation with the central belt of drained excavations is unfavourable for its sustainable development. A solution, which would make it possible for the conurbation to grow, would be to close down and flood the mines on the northern side as soon as their mining concessions expire, which will be in early 2020s. Then, the area would regain its original stability within a decade and all kinds of construction activities could be carried out there. That, however, requires authorities of municipalities to object to the extension of concessions for mines, which may be impossible to obtain due to fears of social discontent resulting from miners - residents of those municipalities - being made redundant.
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Rozbicki, Tomasz, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Katarzyna Rozbicka, Grzegorz Majewski et Dariusz Gołaszewski. « Relating urban development and densification to temporary changes in the air temperature in Warsaw (Poland) ». Theoretical and Applied Climatology 142, no 1-2 (23 juillet 2020) : 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03311-3.
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Abstract The assessment of the influence of urbanisation effects on air temperature trends has been widely discussed in the literature. Urbanisation affects the urban active surface energy balance, resulting in the formation of urban heat island, also observed in the Warsaw conurbation. This article presents the diversity of long-term changes in air temperature at three Warsaw meteorological stations situated in the districts of Ursynów, Okęcie and Bielany, and demonstrates changes in thermal conditions during a long-term urbanisation process. Ursynów is the station where the changes of the surrounding area were most significant among the three analysed ones and the rise in the air temperature for this station was the greatest and it was observed from 7.5 °C in the years 1961–1970 to 8.5 °C in the years 2001–2010. The diversity of air temperature between the stations depends on their location. All of them are situated within the conurbation, at some distance from the city centre but the nature of their surroundings is different. The diversity applies to all annual characteristics of air temperature: its mean, mean maximum and mean minimum values.
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Runge, Jerzy, et Franciszek Kłosowski. « Changes in Population and Economy in Śląskie Voivodship in the Context of the Suburbanization Process ». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 16, no 16 (1 janvier 2011) : 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-011-0016-7.
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Changes in Population and Economy in Śląskie Voivodship in the Context of the Suburbanization Process This paper attempts to determine and describe suburbanization stages (especially in the context of political-economic transformations and population changes) and also, to verify classical models of urbanization stages as a system of concentric zones, basing on historical process of development of complex settlement systems of Katowice voivodship (according to the former administrative division), i.e., Katowice conurbation, Rybnik agglomeration, Bielsko-Biała agglomeration, and Częstochowa agglomeration. The analysis includes the population number and the balance of migration between 1975 and 2008, as well as the number of entities of national economy between 1995 and 2008. Every settlement system was divided into its core, such as the main city or a group of cities, and its surrounding area, comprising urban and rural municipalities directly neighbouring the core. The calculations included absolute single-base increments and chain increments.The analysis showed that the historical processes of urbanization of the Śląskie voivodship reveal significant variations in the way they were shaped in comparison with model-based approaches included in the literature of the subject matter. The agglomeration of Częstochowa is the closest to the concentric model, consisting of urbanization, suburbanization and deurbanization, whereas the remaining settlement systems reveal bigger or smaller differences. Variations between analyzed settlement systems reveal themselves also in contemporary times. The rate of population growth and migration balances divide the systems into different stages of maturity of suburbanization. The earliest were discovered in the Katowice conurbation. As much as the rate of population changes and migration balances significantly differentiated the core areas in comparison with their surroundings, the differences were less obvious in the aspect of business growth rate. This results from the fact that the core areas still retain the majority of workplaces. An increase of business activity around the surrounding areas remains selective, both as to the kind and space, revealing somehow higher rate as far as the agglomeration of Bielsko-Biała is concerned.
Thèses sur le sujet "Process of conurbation"
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Santos, Genivaldo da Silva. « Aparecida de Goiânia 1963-2010 : a consolidação de uma cidade de fronteira ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8313.
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The aparecidense urban expansion occurred from the construction of parcels spread in a disorderly way along its vast territory of 278,539 km ². At the initiative of the public or private power the urban configuration of Aparecida de Goiânia is the result of social actions strongly orchestrated by the Municipal Government. In this context, it is understood that the role played by aparecidense power public from 1963, the year of its emancipation was fundamental for the evolution of its urban space, especially in the frontier regions stage of several institutional conflicts with the capital. This academic research aimed to detect in the city of Aparecida de Goiânia, in the period between 1963 and 2010 the effects of the rapid conurbation process with the capital and the consequences of it in the production of its urban structure. In order to do so, will be analyzed political, economic and social aspects that spatialized, contributed to an exploratory study of the interference or not of the public power as historical agent in the configuration of the urban space. This problematization covers three fundamental points: firstly, making considerations about the city as a centrality in the region and the main characteristics that help the reading and understanding of the city; in a second moment, contextualizing the question of the urban frontier; and finally the municipal public administrations are presented in the period from 2001 to 2010, confronting the objectives of the Master Plan with the laws of zoning policies of the period, highlighting the discussion of aspects related to the redefinition of its urban frontier with the capital.
A expansão urbana aparecidense deu-se a partir da construção de parcelamentos espraiados de maneira desordenada ao longo de seu amplo território de 278.539 km². Por iniciativa do poder público ou privado, a configuração urbanística de Aparecida de Goiânia é o resultado de ações sociais fortemente orquestradas pelo Governo Municipal. Nesse quadro, compreende-se que o papel desempenhado pelo poder público aparecidense a partir de 1963, ano de sua emancipação, foi fundamental para a evolução do seu espaço urbano, especialmente nas regiões de fronteira, palco de diversos conflitos institucionais com a capital. A presente pesquisa acadêmica buscou detectar no município de Aparecida de Goiânia, no período entre 1963 e 2010, os efeitos do rápido processo de conurbação com a capital e as consequências do mesmo na produção de sua estrutura urbana. Para tanto, serão analisados aspectos políticos, econômicos e sociais que espacializados, contribuíram para um estudo exploratório da interferência, ou não, do poder público como agente histórico na configuração do espaço urbano. Essa problematização abrange três pontos fundamentais: primeiramente, tece considerações sobre a cidade enquanto centralidade na região, pontuando as principais características que auxiliam na leitura e compreensão do município; em um segundo momento, contextualiza a questão da fronteira urbana; e, por último, apresenta as administrações públicas municipais, do período de 2001 a 2010, confrontando os objetivos do Plano Diretor às leis de políticas de zoneamento do período, com destaque à discussão dos aspectos relativos à redefinição de sua fronteira urbana com a capital.
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Costa, Paulo Eduardo de Oliveira. « Legislação urbanística e crescimento urbano em São José dos Campos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-28052010-092006/.
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Este trabalho consiste no estudo da legislação urbanística de São José dos Campos, aqui entendida como os Planos Regionais e Planos Diretores Municipais, bem como o conjunto da regulamentação referente ao parcelamento, uso e ocupação do solo e as edificações, no período compreendido entre o início dos anos 50 e 2000. A legislação urbanística é um fator fundamental da estruturação do Habitat e, portanto, das condições de vida do conjunto da população. Tanto a legislação, quanto o sistema de planejamento e a forma de organização desse sistema o são. São José dos Campos apresenta condições que a tornam importante receptora de investimentos, mas não podemos deixar de considerar seu baixo desempenho quanto aos índices de qualidade de vida. Evidenciamos os efeitos ocasionados pela legislação e a ocorrência simultânea de más condições de vida da população de baixa renda com o intuito de compreender o processo e a consolidação do planejamento urbano em São José dos Campos. Procedemos a três análises e tendências que enfocam três regiões da cidade, justamente aquelas que apresentam ocupação não regularizada, sem infra-estrutura e que foi causada pela segregação de uma parte da população que, devido à especulação imobiliária, vem se deslocando do centro para a periferia, considerando o valor dos imóveis ou, em outra situação, pela relocação de loteamentos clandestinos localizados em trechos agora valorizados. Trazemos para discussão algumas contribuições para futuras revisões relativas ao conjunto da legislação urbanística existente em São José dos Campos.This paper is about the study of the urbanistic legislation of São José dos Campos, hereby described as Regional Plans and City Master Plan, as well as the group of rules over division, use and land occupation and building, during the period of 1950s until the year 2000. The urbanistic legislation is a key factor of the habitat structure and the living conditions of the population as a group. Not only the legislation but also the planning system and its organization reflect this factor. São José dos Campos has features that make it an important center of investments but, we must bear in mind that the city HDI (Human Development Index) is still low. We demonstrate the effects caused by the legislation and, its relation with low income populations still suffering with bad life quality, so as to understand the process and the consolidation of the urban planning in São José dos Campos. Three analysis and tendencies were performed over three regions of the city mostly affected by no regular occupation and no infrastructure. All these caused by the segregation of a segment of the population that, due to the realty speculation, is being moved from center areas of the city to suburban areas, considering real estate prices and in some cases, by the replacement of illegal developments located now in highly developed and expensive areas. Some contributions are brought up for discussion for future revisions relating to the present group of urbanistic legislation applied in São José dos Campos.
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Garcia, Sara Sucena. « O desenvolvimento urbano e o processo de planeamento em Vila do Conde ». Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10996.
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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Planeamento e Projecto do Ambiente Urbano, nas Faculdades de Engenharia e Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto, sob a orientação do Prof. Arquitecto Manuel Fernandes de Sá
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Tessari, Leandro Marcos. « Processo de expansão urbana e conurbação em uma aglomeração urbana não-metropolitana no interior paulista / ». Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95657.
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Orientador: Roberto BragaBanca: Pompeu Figueiredo de Carvalho
Banca: José Francisco
Resumo: A presente pesquisa analisa e compreende a formação do processo de conurbação em uma aglomeração não-metropolitana no interior paulista, tendo como estudo de caso, as cidades de Araraquara e Américo Brasiliense. O processo de concentração populacional e ação dos diversos agentes produtores do espaço urbano propiciaram a expansão dos tecidos urbanos, favorecendo o processo de conurbação. Para a execução dessa pesquisa foi necessário: levantamento bibliográfico a respeito dos temas propostos, em especial o da conurbação, em periódicos, livros, anais de congressos e outros; levantamento de campo (entrevistas e levantamento cartográfico); coleta de dados estatísticos em fontes oficiais de dados como o IBGE, a Fundação SEADE e as prefeituras das cidades acima citadas. O processo de conurbação teve início a partir da década de 1990, resultado de uma somatória de fenômenos produzidos em décadas anteriores, em especial excessivos números de lotes em Araraquara, produzindo vazios urbanos e canalizando parte da população para Américo Brasiliense em busca de lotes mais acessíveis devido à valorização dessas áreas.
Abstract: This research intends to analyze and understand the conurbation process Araraquara and Américo Brasiliense towns, a non-metropolitan in the interior of Sao Paulo state. The process of population concentration and action of various urban space developers favored the expansion of urban fabrics, promoting the conurbation process. For the realization of this research it was necessary the following: bibliographic survey on preferable themes, especially that of conurbation; field survey including interviws and cartographic survey; static data collection instituional agencies such as IBGE, SEADE and the above quoted local governments. The process of the conurbation had begun in the 1990 decade, as a result of a set of phenomena in former decades, especially the excessive numbers of allotments in Araraquara, producing idle urban spaces and canalizing part of population to Américo Brasiliense, in search of affordable plots of land due to the valorization of those areas.
Mestre
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Tessari, Leandro Marcos [UNESP]. « Processo de expansão urbana e conurbação em uma aglomeração urbana não-metropolitana no interior paulista ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95657.
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A presente pesquisa analisa e compreende a formação do processo de conurbação em uma aglomeração não-metropolitana no interior paulista, tendo como estudo de caso, as cidades de Araraquara e Américo Brasiliense. O processo de concentração populacional e ação dos diversos agentes produtores do espaço urbano propiciaram a expansão dos tecidos urbanos, favorecendo o processo de conurbação. Para a execução dessa pesquisa foi necessário: levantamento bibliográfico a respeito dos temas propostos, em especial o da conurbação, em periódicos, livros, anais de congressos e outros; levantamento de campo (entrevistas e levantamento cartográfico); coleta de dados estatísticos em fontes oficiais de dados como o IBGE, a Fundação SEADE e as prefeituras das cidades acima citadas. O processo de conurbação teve início a partir da década de 1990, resultado de uma somatória de fenômenos produzidos em décadas anteriores, em especial excessivos números de lotes em Araraquara, produzindo vazios urbanos e canalizando parte da população para Américo Brasiliense em busca de lotes mais acessíveis devido à valorização dessas áreas.
This research intends to analyze and understand the conurbation process Araraquara and Américo Brasiliense towns, a non-metropolitan in the interior of Sao Paulo state. The process of population concentration and action of various urban space developers favored the expansion of urban fabrics, promoting the conurbation process. For the realization of this research it was necessary the following: bibliographic survey on preferable themes, especially that of conurbation; field survey including interviws and cartographic survey; static data collection instituional agencies such as IBGE, SEADE and the above quoted local governments. The process of the conurbation had begun in the 1990 decade, as a result of a set of phenomena in former decades, especially the excessive numbers of allotments in Araraquara, producing idle urban spaces and canalizing part of population to Américo Brasiliense, in search of affordable plots of land due to the valorization of those areas.
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Garcia, Sara Sucena. « O desenvolvimento urbano e o processo de planeamento em Vila do Conde ». Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 1998. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30305.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Planeamento e Projecto do Ambiente Urbano, nas Faculdades de Engenharia e Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto, sob a orientação do Prof. Arquitecto Manuel Fernandes de Sá
Livres sur le sujet "Process of conurbation"
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Beinart, William, et Lotte Hughes. Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
European imperialism was extraordinarily far-reaching: a key global historical process of the last 500 years. It locked disparate human societies together over a wider area than any previous imperial expansion; it underpinned the repopulation of the Americas and Australasia; it was the precursor of globalization as we now understand it. Imperialism was inseparable from the history of global environmental change. Metropolitan countries sought raw materials of all kinds, from timber and furs to rubber and oil. They established sugar plantations that transformed island ecologies. Settlers introduced new methods of farming and displaced indigenous peoples. Colonial cities, many of which became great conurbations, fundamentally changed relationships between people and nature. Consumer cultures, the internal combustion engine, and pollution are now ubiquitous. Environmental history deals with the reciprocal interaction between people and other elements in the natural world, and this book illustrates the diverse environmental themes in the history of empire. Initially concentrating on the material factors that shaped empire and environmental change, Environment and Empire discusses the way in which British consumers and manufacturers sucked in resources that were gathered, hunted, fished, mined, and farmed. Yet it is also clear that British settler and colonial states sought to regulate the use of natural resources as well as commodify them. Conservation aimed to preserve resources by exclusion, as in wildlife parks and forests, and to guarantee efficient use of soil and water. Exploring these linked themes of exploitation and conservation, this study concludes with a focus on political reassertions by colonised peoples over natural resources. In a post-imperial age, they have found a new voice, reformulating ideas about nature, landscape, and heritage and challenging, at a local and global level, views of who has the right to regulate nature.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Process of conurbation"
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Leyva, Santiago, Pablo Sanabria-Pulido et Enrique Rodríguez-Caporalli. « Metropolitan governance and policy analysis in Colombia ». Dans Policy Analysis in Colombia, 113–34. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447347712.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter illustrates the explanatory capacity of path-dependency models for understanding the pattern of metropolization, making the case for the importance of metropolitan institutions as key policy actors or tools. It explains why and how a long period of 50 years of experimentation along metropolitan lines has failed to lead to a solid national and homogenous approach towards metropolitan policy analysis. It also highlights the policy spillovers throughout the 24 conurbated regions that have developed naturally in the process of urbanization and conurbation of Colombia. The chapter explores the 24 metro-regions in terms of the challenges they face given their population, municipal fragmentation, and institutional capacities. It provides a path-dependent explanation of the trajectories and critical junctures that have shaped Colombian metro-policies in a problematic way.
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Ventriglio, Antonio, et Dinesh Bhugra. « Internal migration and internal boundaries ». Dans Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series), sous la direction de Dinesh Bhugra, Antonio Ventriglio, João Castaldelli-Maia et Layla McCay, 59–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198804949.003.0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The recent spate of global migration for geo-political reasons hides the fact that human migration has occurred over several millennia. Perhaps social media has led to acute awareness of the impact of immigration on social, political, and economic aspects of the new country. Urban areas and conurbations tend to attract refugees and asylum seekers. The contributions that migrants make are often ignored or forgotten. Migrants are mostly psychologically and physically resilient, but acculturation processes may not always go smoothly, creating discrimination by the larger community. Some migrant groups show higher rates of psychiatric disorders, but these have to be seen in the context of discrimination in policies of employment, housing, etc., and physical and psychological acculturation. Political, social, and economic factors are likely to play a role in the genesis of depression in urban migrants. Specific social factors may influence the individual’s functioning soon after arrival, but other factors may emerge after moving into the city.
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Beinart, William, et Lotte Hughes. « Introduction ». Dans Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
European imperialism was extraordinarily far-reaching: a key global historical process of the last 500 years. It locked disparate societies together over a wider area than any previous imperial expansion; it precipitated the repopulation of the Americas and Australasia (but not of Africa and Asia); it was the precursor of globalization as we now understand it—and arguably also recent global asymmetries in wealth and power. European empires helped to produce the multiple states that are the basis of the world order, and influenced many of their key institutions. Imperial legacies have contributed to some of the world’s major recent conflicts. European imperialism was also inseparable from the history of global environmental change. Metropolitan countries sought raw materials of all kinds, from timber and furs to rubber and oil. They established plantations that transformed island ecologies. Settlers introduced new methods of farming; some displaced indigenous peoples and their methods of managing the land. Colonial cities, many of which have become great conurbations, fundamentally changed relationships between people and nature. Consumer cultures, the internal combustion engine, and pollution are now ubiquitous. By contrast, while natural resources have been intensely exploited, a related process, the rise of conservationist practices and ideas, was also deeply rooted in imperial history. Large tracts of land have been reserved for forests, national parks, or wildlife. Most environmental histories deal with reciprocal interactions between people and other elements in the natural world. Few see humans as entirely ‘super-natural’—or above nature. Our book on the British Empire emerges from these concerns. It is not an environmental interpretation of empire, nor do we have sufficient space or knowledge to write a definitive environmental history of the British Empire as a whole. Our aim is to illustrate diverse environmental themes in the history of that empire. In the first half of the book we concentrate on the material factors that shaped environmental change. We discuss the way in which an expanding capitalist economy devoured natural resources and transformed them into commodities.