Articles de revues : « Process of conurbation »

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Spórna, Tomasz. « The suburbanisation process in a depopulation context in the Katowice conurbation, Poland ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 6, n^o 1 (1 mars 2018) : 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2018-0007.

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AbstractThe Katowice conurbation is an example of a typical old industrial region in Central and Eastern Europe, whose socioeconomic transformation, initiated after 1990, has led to spatial and functional changes. The aim of this article is to present the suburbanisation process in the Katowice conurbation based on demographic changes and an analysis of migration flow. This process has been taking place in the area since the 2000s and takes on the shape of a multi-centre development of newly created individual and developed housing zones (both in the core and in the suburban area of the conurbation). Since 1990, the cities of the Katowice conurbation have been undergoing a process of shrinking. This process is manifested in the decline in number of urban residents in the years 1991–2016, amounting to 366 thousand people. Moreover, the cities face numerous social, economic and spatial problems. Since 1995, simultaneous with the shrinking of the cities of the Katowice conurbation, there has been an increase in the number of inhabitants in its suburban areas (since 2004, the trend has continued to be positive). Population increases have also been recorded in some inner-city zones of the conurbation. The suburbanisation process in the outer zone of the conurbation includes, in particular, the communes located north and south of the cities constituting its core, including the communes of Ożarowice, Psary, Mierzęcice in the north and Mikołów, Orzesze, Wyry in the south-west. On the other hand, the areas of intense inner-city construction development, located in the areas of the Katowice conurbation core, which are attractive in terms of environment and transportation, are undergoing so-called, “internal suburbanisation”.

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Fojcik, Edward. « Railway in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin conurbation. It is time for the underground. » Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2016, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2016) : 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_16_01_02.

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Opportunities for a railway network to be used in present and prospective passenger transports in Upper Silesian and Coal Basin conurbation. PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. intensions in the scope of modernization and reconstruction of railway network in the conurbation, for the purpose of functional regional and long-distance passenger transport systems’ evolution. Technical and organizational conditions to separate rail passenger services from cargo transportation in the conurbation, furthermore, separating regional and long-distance rail traffic in the passenger transport. Reasons to build new railway lines connecting the conurbation center and Katowice-Pyrzowice International Airport. Courses of action for the undergrounds’ process of planning at each stage in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin conurbation center, as well as regional railway lines for a local transport and a high – speed railway for a long- distance passengers’ domestic and international transport.

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Spórna, Tomasz, et Monika Kurpanik. « Socio-economic changes in the Rybnik conurbation (Poland) as a result of economic restructuring – a case study ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 1, n^o 1 (1 mars 2013) : 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0006.

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Abstract The Rybnik conurbation is an example of a traditional industrial area, where, due to economic restructuring, social and economic transformations are taking place. It is located in the Silesian voivodeship (southern Poland) and its development is mostly based on intensive coal mining after the Second World War. The article presents selected aspects of social and economic transformation happening in the area of the Rybnik conurbation after 1945 and connected with its rapid economic development in the 1960s and 70s, as well as with the systematic and economic transformation in Poland after 1989. The article was prepared on the base of subject literature, statistics and own studies. Population transformations have been analysed for the period 1980-2010, in each case, in relation to selected administrative units and three zones of the conurbation - the core, the inner and the outer areas. In order to evaluate and compare the demographic situation in the Rybnik conurbation in the years 1988 and 2008, a rank method has been applied. Community classification has been based on the total value of ranks for particular communities for the following variables: birth rate, population growth, net migration rate and the participation of the population in the pre-working and post-working age. The results of population transformation indicate that until 1991, the population of the Rybnik conurbation had been increasing (up to 197.7 thousand people). In the period 1991-2012, it decreased by 26.4 thousand (i.e. by 3.8%). In the same period of time, depopulation took place in the largest mining cities of the conurbation core (Wodzisław Śląski, 56.1%, connected with its administrative division into 4 towns and 1 rural community; Jastrzębie-Zdrój - 12.3%, Żory - 7.8% and Rybnik, to a lesser degree - 2.7%). The rank method that was applied has revealed the worsened demographic condition in the western communes of the conurbation (a shift from weak to bad). Simultaneously, in the period 1990-2012, the population gradually increased in the outer zone of the conurbation, by 6.8%. This indicates the process of suburbanisation taking place in the area. Demographic and economic changes in the Rybnik conurbation after 1989, in comparison to other mining areas in Poland and in Europe, seem to be less intensive.

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Blus, Pavel I., et Oleg B. Ganin. « Spatial aspects and prerequisites for agglomeration process in old industrial territories of the Western Urals ». Ars Administrandi (Искусство управления) 12, n^o 4 (2020) : 656–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-9173-2020-4-656-677.

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Introduction: the article examines the materials of Gornozavodsk local economic micro-district to identify the processes that shape the classical poly-centered conurbation on this territory. Objectives: analysis of Gornozavodsk conurbation specific features, historical development of this old industrial territory in the Western Urals, as well as the overall social, economic, and infrastructural challenges of future opportunities for the mining and metallurgical area of Prikamye. Methods: comparative and comprehensive analysis of the prerequisites and agglomeration evolution in the old industrial territory of the mining and metallurgical Prikamye, statistic data analysis, analysis of the regulatory documents on the territory spatial development, identification of the strategic potential for Gornozavodsk conurbation. Results: spatial aspect and prerequisites to shape and develop the agglomeration processes in the neighboring municipalities in the mining and metallurgical Prikamye have been identified; strategic priorities for dealing with the traditional challenges in the social and economic development in the old industrial territories have been formulated in terms of their neighboring and associated performance. Conclusions: the current conditions of the uneven spatial development and polarization of the social and economic processes update the need to identify priority “growth points”, to enhance agglomeration aspects of the territorial interaction, to consolidate the efforts by the federal, regional, and municipal authorities and systemic companies in strategic development of the industrial territories in the Western Urals.

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Szubert, Mariusz, et Michał Żemła. « The Role of the Geographical Textbooks in Grounding Negative Stereotypes of a Tourism Destination—The Case of Upper Silesian Conurbation in Poland ». Administrative Sciences 9, n^o 2 (15 juin 2019) : 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci9020042.

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Tourists’ decisions on selecting their destinations are driven by their imagination of available offers, rather than by the real offers. The special role of the image of tourism destination in the process of building a competitive position result, among other things, comes from the fact the image is a factor of competitiveness influenced by both intentional and accidental actions of entities, whom are active in a particular tourism destination as well as environmental elements, which are beyond the influence of these entities. The cities of the Upper Silesian Conurbation were for many years perceived as completely dominated by heavy industry. Nowadays, after significant changes in their economy and environment, local authorities are struggling to fight that negative perception. The aim of the paper is to examine if the negative image of the Conurbation is grounded by the textbooks for geography for secondary schools in Poland. The textbooks were studied using the content analysis as an example of important autonomous sources of information. Particular stress was put on analysis of the heading and pictures in the chapters on the Conurbation. The results prove that industrial image of the region is being grounded by the geography textbooks. It was discovered that the picture of Upper Silesian Conurbation that might be found in researched textbooks is almost identical with what was previously presented in the literature as tourists’ perception of the Conurbation. The results prove the role of the textbooks and the whole school education as factors shaping the image of particular places that people have also as adults. That role was neither researched nor clearly stated in the literature so far.

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Orellana-Mc Bride, Alejandro Guillermo. « Conformación metropolitana desde la fragmentación. El proceso de conurbación del Gran La Serena ». Revista Urbano 23, n^o 41 (31 mai 2020) : 58–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2020.23.41.04.

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Szajnowska-Wysocka, Alicja, et Elżbieta Zuzańska-Żyśko. « The Upper-Silesian conurbation on the path towards the “Silesia” metropolis ». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 21, n^o 21 (1 septembre 2013) : 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0025.

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Abstract In its methodological context, the article, expands on the idea of the organization of the “Silesia” superstructure. The idea of establishing a common urban organism emerged with the local governments of the Upper Silesian conurbation cities and was dictated by the need to find a way to change the traditional image of the Silesian region and its post-industrial role in the economic space of the country, as well as Europe. Therefore, in 2009, the Metropolitan Association of Upper- Silesia, an association for the initial institutionalization of “Silesia”, was registered, because “Silesia” does not hold any administrative or legal force. Such an organizational “revolution” of the Upper Silesian conurbation initiated a wide social debate, in which the arguments of both supporters and opponents of such an enterprise in the Silesian region became apparent, together with misunderstandings related to the term “metropolis”, and the idea of establishing “Silesia”. Representatives of local governments chose the more prestigious term “metropolis” as if a complex metropolisation had taken place in the Upper Silesian conurbation. It would be adequate, however, to look only for the first features of metropolitan functions in this de-industrialized and restructured region, which are going to shape the longlasting metropolisation process under the influence of globalisation.

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Lamparska, Marzena. « The issues of drainage of discussed mines in the Katowice conurbation, Poland ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 1, n^o 1 (1 mars 2013) : 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0003.

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Abstract The Katowice conurbation is situated in the Upper-Silesian Coal Basin, in a region which had high rate of water inflow in the pre-mining period. In order to make deposits of mineral resources accessible, it was, and still is, necessary provide mines with a draining system, which now reaches as deep as 1200 m. The area of the depression sink which was thus created is about 1200 km2. Currently, all metal ore mines within the conurbation, as well as part of coal mines, have been closed down, but water which flows into them is still pumped out due to the legal obligation to protect neighbouring operating mines. After the operation and drainage of mines cease, water coming to abandoned excavations will begin restoring static reserves in the orogen, which, depending on hydrological conditions, will take between several and a few dozen years. As the level of underground water rises, the process of subsidence of old shallow mining excavations will intensify, and many depressions may appear in highly urbanized areas. In areas of mining subsidence, the underground water-table will be close to the surface, causing flooding of basements and building foundations, and the deepest subsidence basins will probably be completely flooded. Current location of operating mines on the northern and southern sides of the conurbation with the central belt of drained excavations is unfavourable for its sustainable development. A solution, which would make it possible for the conurbation to grow, would be to close down and flood the mines on the northern side as soon as their mining concessions expire, which will be in early 2020s. Then, the area would regain its original stability within a decade and all kinds of construction activities could be carried out there. That, however, requires authorities of municipalities to object to the extension of concessions for mines, which may be impossible to obtain due to fears of social discontent resulting from miners - residents of those municipalities - being made redundant.

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Rozbicki, Tomasz, Małgorzata Kleniewska, Katarzyna Rozbicka, Grzegorz Majewski et Dariusz Gołaszewski. « Relating urban development and densification to temporary changes in the air temperature in Warsaw (Poland) ». Theoretical and Applied Climatology 142, n^o 1-2 (23 juillet 2020) : 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03311-3.

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Abstract The assessment of the influence of urbanisation effects on air temperature trends has been widely discussed in the literature. Urbanisation affects the urban active surface energy balance, resulting in the formation of urban heat island, also observed in the Warsaw conurbation. This article presents the diversity of long-term changes in air temperature at three Warsaw meteorological stations situated in the districts of Ursynów, Okęcie and Bielany, and demonstrates changes in thermal conditions during a long-term urbanisation process. Ursynów is the station where the changes of the surrounding area were most significant among the three analysed ones and the rise in the air temperature for this station was the greatest and it was observed from 7.5 °C in the years 1961–1970 to 8.5 °C in the years 2001–2010. The diversity of air temperature between the stations depends on their location. All of them are situated within the conurbation, at some distance from the city centre but the nature of their surroundings is different. The diversity applies to all annual characteristics of air temperature: its mean, mean maximum and mean minimum values.

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Runge, Jerzy, et Franciszek Kłosowski. « Changes in Population and Economy in Śląskie Voivodship in the Context of the Suburbanization Process ». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 16, n^o 16 (1 janvier 2011) : 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-011-0016-7.

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Changes in Population and Economy in Śląskie Voivodship in the Context of the Suburbanization Process This paper attempts to determine and describe suburbanization stages (especially in the context of political-economic transformations and population changes) and also, to verify classical models of urbanization stages as a system of concentric zones, basing on historical process of development of complex settlement systems of Katowice voivodship (according to the former administrative division), i.e., Katowice conurbation, Rybnik agglomeration, Bielsko-Biała agglomeration, and Częstochowa agglomeration. The analysis includes the population number and the balance of migration between 1975 and 2008, as well as the number of entities of national economy between 1995 and 2008. Every settlement system was divided into its core, such as the main city or a group of cities, and its surrounding area, comprising urban and rural municipalities directly neighbouring the core. The calculations included absolute single-base increments and chain increments.The analysis showed that the historical processes of urbanization of the Śląskie voivodship reveal significant variations in the way they were shaped in comparison with model-based approaches included in the literature of the subject matter. The agglomeration of Częstochowa is the closest to the concentric model, consisting of urbanization, suburbanization and deurbanization, whereas the remaining settlement systems reveal bigger or smaller differences. Variations between analyzed settlement systems reveal themselves also in contemporary times. The rate of population growth and migration balances divide the systems into different stages of maturity of suburbanization. The earliest were discovered in the Katowice conurbation. As much as the rate of population changes and migration balances significantly differentiated the core areas in comparison with their surroundings, the differences were less obvious in the aspect of business growth rate. This results from the fact that the core areas still retain the majority of workplaces. An increase of business activity around the surrounding areas remains selective, both as to the kind and space, revealing somehow higher rate as far as the agglomeration of Bielsko-Biała is concerned.

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Lozano de Poo, Juan Manuel, et María Elena Molina Ayala. « Process design for social empowerment under the inequitable phenomenon of conurbation ; new links between Academia and communities ». Labor e Engenho 13 (19 mars 2019) : e019004. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/labore.v13i0.8653134.

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This study aims to improve the welfare of local rurban communities by reducing their vulnerability, thereby empowering them through new strategic partnerships with Academia in order to address the inequitable phenomenon of conurbation, and reappraise the rurban landscape as a cultural capital. The willingness to meet specific demands from members of rurban localities is the driving force for creating an inclusive design process, which consists of three areas: the local community, as well as students and researchers from the Faculty interacting assertively with and in such a context. The design process is focused on providing viable options for communities to relate the physical and social structure systems that make up the habitat to the objective of leveraging their capacity for resilience, as well as strengthening their identity. The creation of new links between Academia and communities at-risk encourages the participation of the three areas that make up the design process. Through communities' experience and cultural capital, a dialogue can be instated between the uncertainty and empowerment of the parties involved. Coexistence between rural and urban landscapes requires a system and structure, which actively promotes the preservation of natural resources and social cohesion. The task of each of the participants encounters its true meaning when practical actions arising from and for the adaptation of the local cultural landscape become a reality. How does one begin if not by opening a dialogue between researchers and student members of vulnerable communities?

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Murtadho, Alfin, Siti Wulandari, Muhammad Wahid et Ernan Rustiadi. « Perkembangan Wilayah dan Perubahan Tutupan Lahan di Kabupaten Purwakarta sebagai Dampak dari Proses Konurbasi Jakarta-Bandung ». Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 2, n^o 2 (25 juin 2018) : 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2018.2.2.195-208.

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<p class="ISI-Paragraf">Jabodetabek and Bandung Raya metropolitan region experienced an urban expansion phenomenon that caused the two metropolitan regions to become increasingly connected by a corridor and form a mega-urban region caused by the conurbation process. Purwakarta regency is one of the regions in Jakarta-Bandung corridor that experienced the impact of Jakarta-Bandung conurbation process. This study aims to analyze the level of regional development, to analyze land cover change that occurred, and to predict Purwakarta Regency land use/land cover in 2030. Regional development analysis is done by using the Scalogram method based on Potential Village data of year 2003 and 2014. Land cover change analysis is done through spatial analysis by overlaying land cover Landsat Satellite Image of year 2000 and 2015. Land use/land cover prediction in 2030 is conducted through spatial modelling of Cellular Automata Markov method. Purwakarta Regency experienced an increase in regional development within the period of 11 years (2003 to 2014), which is marked by a decrease in the percentage of the number of villages that are in hierarchy III and increase in the percentage of the number of villages that are in hierarchy II and I. In general, within 15 years (2000 to 2015) Purwakarta Regency has increasing number of built-up area and mixed gardens, meanwhile dry land, forest, paddy field, and water bodies tend to decrease. The results of CA Markov analysis show that the built-up area is predicted to continue to increase from 2000 to 2030, meanwhile paddy fields and water bodies will continue to decrease.</p>

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Krzysztofik, Robert, Iwona Kantor-Pietraga, Tomasz Spórna, Weronika Dragan et Tomasz Szymonowicz. « Why and how central Europe's largest logistics complex developed on a brownfield site ». Acta geographica Slovenica 60, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2020) : 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/ags.7085.

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The aim of the article is to explain the dependence on key factors and development path in the expansion process of the largest Central European logistics complex situated on postmining brownfield. Here, a highly original example is the city of Sosnowiec in the Katowice conurbation (Poland). In the article, the development of this complex and its model of spatial diffusion, with an indication of both facilitating and restricting aspects of its further expansion is discussed. The following issues are also brought to light: spatial location, urban policy, transport accessibility and local labour market. In the article, the development of this complex is discussed according to model of spatial diffusion.

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Miller, Robin, et James Rees. « Mental health commissioning : master or subject of change ? » Mental Health Review Journal 19, n^o 3 (2 septembre 2014) : 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhrj-04-2014-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore change within the commissioning of third sector mental health services in England. Design/methodology/approach – A case study methodology based on survey and interview data of a sample of third sector organisations and commissioners within an English conurbation. Findings – Normative commissioning models based on sequential cycles were not fully implemented with the main focus being on the procurement and contracting elements. There were examples of commissioning being an enabler of service improvement but overall it seems to have been limited in its ability to bring about whole system change. Barriers included commissioners’ capacity and competence, ineffectual systems within their organisations, and fragmentation in commissioning processes between user groups, organisations and sectors. Research limitations/implications – The case study conurbation may not represent practice in all urban areas of England and there may be particular issues of difference within rural localities. The view of private and public sector providers and those working in Commissioning Support Units were not sought. Practical implications – To lead whole system change the commissioning function needs to be adequately resourced and skilled with better integration across public sector functions and organisations. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on implementing the full commissioning cycle, including the engagement of relevant stakeholders throughout the process and the practical application of outcomes. Originality/value – This research adds to the limited body of empirical work regarding commissioning in mental health.

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Gousailles, Michel, Jean-Marie Rovel et Roger Nicol. « Purification of Waste Water from the Paris Conurbation : Biological Removal of Nitrogen at the Valenton Purification Plant ». Water Science and Technology 23, n^o 4-6 (1 février 1991) : 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0528.

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Stage 1 A of the Valenton purification plant, located to the South West of the Paris conurbation, was designed to treat 15 0,00 0 m3/day, which represents pollution of 500,000 population-equivalents. Due to its situation upstream of Paris, the plant was designed primarily with nitrogen removal in mind. The nitrification-denitrification process with an anoxic zone at the plant inlet was selected. This paper looks at results obtained over a three-year period. The results achieve expected levels of elimination of both carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollution. The results achieved in terms of age of the aerated sludge and nitrification kinetics measurements clearly indicate that a nitrification over-capacity exists. However, the denitrification process varies as a function of the concentration levels of organic carbon in the settled water. During periods of rainfall with low BOD5 levels, denitrification is moderately efficient. When the nominal water concentration levels are observed, all the nitrates are reduced in the anoxic zone, and efficiency of the overall nitrogen elimination process reaches 60%. In any case, and particularly in winter, high sludge concentration levels are required to maintain satisfactory kinetics in the nitrification and denitrification stages.

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Duś, Edward. « Allotment gardens and spatial development – two case studies from the Katowice conurbation, Poland ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 1, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2013) : 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0022.

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Abstract Allotment gardens are a characteristic feature of the industrial landscape of Upper Silesia. The purpose of the study has been to present various aspects of allotment location in the urban landscape. A more than a 100-year-old development process has shaped the contemporary structure of the allotments which constitute a multi-functional part of the development. In the historical development, there have coexisted the following functions: economic, recreational, ecological, landscape and socio-educational. Under the existing administrative restrictions, they were developed as a result of an unfavourable economic situation and focused on food production. Allotment gardens usually developed without the interference of urban planners, which had, and still have, many organizational consequences. Distance from the centre is the main factor influencing the spatial distribution of allotment gardens in urban areas. The detailed location is determined by the environmental conditions and administrative decisions that are usually taken, albeit under pressure, due to the high demand for allotments. Distance-related profiles demonstrate the relationship between the distance from the centre and the share of allotments in the land surface as well as the size of the time-space changes resulting from the development of the city. In many cities, there are concentric concentration zones at a certain distance from the centre. Analysis has shown that allotments are quite clearly linked to the structural units of the city. Larger concentrations are formed on the outskirts of residential multi-family buildings. The results of the research confirm compliance with the design recommendations that the distance should not cause too much time loss for users.

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Zierke, Piotr. « The impact of depopulation in urban areas on the development of built-up suburban areas – the case of Poznań and Skórzewo ». Urban Development Issues 54, n^o 2 (20 janvier 2018) : 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/udi-2017-0012.

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Abstract The Poznań Conurbation is a place where the suburbanisation process is appearing. The spatial transformation of suburban areas indicates that the application of research-based solutions, which in theory are supposed to reduce unfavourable trends, in practice appears to be a complicated task. Problems that remain unresolved for many years, as well as mistakes that often cancel efforts to solve these problems, are the obvious confirmation of that thesis. An important factor, which affects the poor spatial situation in suburban areas, is the lack of central urban planning indices. Although each municipality that is part of the Poznań Conurbation has its own up-to-date statutory land use policy study and other documents defining the local spatial planning policy, their records frequently contain solutions that are not beneficial to the public interest or sustainable development. Problems that are mentioned in producing them, as well as the unachieved aspirations and needs of space users, contribute to increased criticism of complex urban structures, while the strong position of developers in suburban areas raises the question as to whether the area of land dedicated to new buildings, especially residential ones is not too excessive when compared with current needs. This paper presents the results of research that concerns the relationship between the depopulation of Poznań and the increase of the built-up area in the neighbouring village of Skórzewo, which is a place of massive development of residential buildings and rapidly developing enterprises. The aim of this research is to introduce a tool for a more precise prediction of future spatial development in suburban areas.

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Runge, Anna, Iwona Kantor-Pietraga, Jerzy Runge, Robert Krzysztofik et Weronika Dragan. « Can Depopulation Create Urban Sustainability in Postindustrial Regions ? A Case from Poland ». Sustainability 10, n^o 12 (6 décembre 2018) : 4633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124633.

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Many towns and cities in the world experience the process of urban shrinkage. This may be observed in localities of different types and of all sizes, including a large group of post-industrial towns and cities of Central and Eastern Europe. One of the districts affected by the urban shrinkage process is the Katowice conurbation in Poland, which may serve as a good example to consider the potential for introducing the idea of sustainable development. In this perspective, sustainability is considered as a specific challenge within the progress of regional transformation, but also a target concept for a large urban region to be followed throughout the evolution and at particular stages of the change. In the discussed region it is all the more important because it is followed by phenomena related to post(industrialism), relatively high pollution levels compared with the European average and a polycentric system of settlement. This paper states that the current urban policy implemented in the Katowice conurbation does not seem to have any palpable effect reversing the trend of depopulation in the region, which seems to stem from the fact that numerous initiatives undertaken in the area are ‘illusory’ and often unnecessary and unjustified. This also applies to activities embracing and fostering the idea of sustainability. With regard to the latter issue, the main concern refers to overinvestment and wasting the measures to reduce low emissions and to make savings in the heat supply system for residential buildings. The Authors proposed a new vision for the transformation of the region. It will respond to the current and expected needs of the residents, while making allowances for multidimensional sustainable development, particularly in terms of housing policy and spatial development. This concept primarily focuses on a new balance between the areas covered by low-rise and high-rise buildings and the reorganisation of the structure of the local economy.

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Azimi, S., et V. Rocher. « Energy consumption reduction in a waste water treatment plant ». Water Practice and Technology 12, n^o 1 (1 mars 2017) : 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.006.

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Against the background of energy transition, the operators of large municipal WWTPs have come to understand the importance of issues related to energy use. Since about 2000, one such operator in the Paris conurbation, Syndicat Interdépartemental pour l'Assainissement de l'Agglomération Parisienne, has set up actions enabling energy consumption optimization, to reduce both its costs and the associated environmental impacts. Using energy (electricity, gas, fuel, and biogas) meters for sectorial recording, consumption has been mapped at various scales (macroscopic, plant, process). Electric power has emerged as the leading energy source in WWTPs and biological treatment processes (aeration) as the main consumers. On this basis, energy use optimization paths have been described, needing action at three levels. First, operating cost optimization should involve the full treatment chain, including all costs (reagents, etc.), to make the best operating choices. Two further levels, comprising process and equipment, should then be considered to determine suitable action sets.

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Murtadho, Alfin, Andrea Emma Pravitasari, Khursatul Munibah et Ernan Rustiadi. « Spatial Distribution Pattern of Village Development Index in Karawang Regency Using Spatial Autocorrelation Approach ». JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & ; KOTA 16, n^o 2 (30 juin 2020) : 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v16i2.24883.

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Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung Metropolitan areas experiencing the phenomenon of urban expansion which has caused both metropolitan areas to be more connected and become a mega-urban area by a corridor through a conurbation process. Karawang regency is part of the region in the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. The increasing number of population in the region will encourage the addition of number and types of public facilities. The objectives of this study were to analyze the regional development and spatial distribution pattern of the Village Development Index/ Indeks Perkembangan Desa (IPD) in Karawang regency. Regional development was analyzed using scalogram analysis, while spatial distribution pattern of the IPD was analyzed using Global and Local Moran Index. Regional development analysis shows the distribution of the IPD in 2014 has increased from 2003. Analysis of spatial distribution pattern of IPD values from 2003 and 2014 shows the clustered distribution patterns in some sub-districts.

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Hernández Flores, José Álvaro, et Susana Rappo. « Estrategias reproductivas y formación de capital social en contextos migratorios y periurbanos. Un análisis desde la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu / Reproductive strategies and social capital formation in migration and peri-urban contexts. An analysis from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu ». Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 31, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2016) : 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v31i3.10.

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El presente artículo toma como referencia la noción de capital social, desarrollada por Pierre Bourdieu, para examinar el papel que desempeñan las prácticas sociales orientadas a la formación de capital social en la conformación de las estrategias reproductivas de los grupos domésticos que habitan en contextos migratorios y periurbanos. A partir de los estudios de caso expuestos se analizan las principales instancias de acumulación de capital social, sus principios de activación, y sus repercusiones sobre los ámbitos familiar y comunitario, así como los cambios acaecidos a partir de los procesos de conurbación y la intensificación del fenómeno migratorio.AbstractThis article draws on the notion of social capital, developed by Pierre Bourdieu, to examine the role of social practices designed to build social capital in shaping the reproductive strategies of domestic groups living in migration and peri-urban contexts.The case studies described are used to analyze the main forms of accumulating social capital, their principles of activation, and their impact on the family and community spheres, as well as changes that have taken place as a result of the conurbation process and the intensification of the migratory phenomenon.

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Tornes, O., et A. Whipps. « The influence of operating experiences in the design of the IVAR thermal drying plant expansion in Stavanger, Norway ». Water Science and Technology 49, n^o 10 (1 mai 2004) : 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0638.

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The Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant of North J¾ren (IVAR IKS) serves the Stavanger conurbation with a population equivalence of 240,000. The site was the first in Norway to operate a thermal drying and a pelletising plant for municipal sludge. Since the start up in 1992, IVAR has encountered most of the operational problems typically associated with thermal drying processes. Considerable modifications have been made and lessons learnt resulting in the plant being one of the few thermal drying facilities in Norway which continues to operate successfully. In general, thermal drying is often considered as a costly, energy demanding and complex process requiring careful attention to safety aspects such as risks of self-combustion, fires and dust explosions. The paper presents general considerations of operating experiences influencing the procurement and design stage of the new extended IVAR thermal drying plant. Furthermore, topical issues important for resolution of thermal drying problems are also discussed. Mass and energy balances for the Stavanger plant are presented.

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Sánchez-Fernández, María Dolores, Daniel Álvarez-Bassi et José Ramón-Cardona. « Management of Tourist Destinations : The Expectations of Guests on eWOM Generation in Maldonado (Uruguay) ». Sustainability 12, n^o 17 (22 août 2020) : 6825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176825.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of exceeding the expectations of guests to generate greater satisfaction, in order to offer an unforgettable experience and generate more comments on the Web 2.0 in the context of tourism. Structural equation models were used. The data for the analysis were obtained from a sample of residents of the Maldonado-Punta del Este conurbation (Uruguay), who were asked about their last overnight stay. The proposed structural equation model was tested using the partial least square (PLS) technique. The results show that exceeding the expectations of guests is essential for the clients’ experience and very important for the satisfaction with the stay at the hotel. The generation of online comments (electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM)) is also strongly influenced by emotional experiences. Exceeding the expectations of trained clients and surprising them with new services and experiences is the essence of luxury offers. The main practical implication is that exceeding expectations is the key to eWOM, and this means that managers must be involved in a perpetual process of service innovation.

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RAVETZ, JOE, HARRY COCCOSSIS, RUGGERO SCHLEICHER-TAPPESER et PATRICK STEELE. « EVALUATION OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT — TRANSITIONS AND PROSPECTS ». Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 06, n^o 04 (décembre 2004) : 585–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333204001857.

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Evaluation practice, "regional development" and "sustainability" are each complex and contentious. Each shows rapid trends and transitions, and opportunities to be gained for more integrated governance and regional development. This paper takes a case study approach, based on the "Evaluation Workshop" of the EU thematic network project REGIONET. The case studies each concerned the restructuring and modernization process: one in an industrial conurbation, another in an agricultural region and a third in a peripheral region. For each case study, the workshop sessions explored in depth the current evaluation practice, the technical tools, the social processes and the trends and prospects in sight. The results of this exploration highlight the rapid transitions emerging in several areas — in technical tools, in social participation and in multi-level governance. The implications are for a new kind of evaluation toolkit, a "meta-information system", which helps to link between existing methods and tools. They also point towards an evaluation approach that is based on a proactive "opportunity building", as much as a reactive "impact assessment".

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Carneiro, Eduilson, Wilza Lopes et Giovana Espindola. « Urban Land Mapping Based on Remote Sensing Time Series in the Google Earth Engine Platform : A Case Study of the Teresina-Timon Conurbation Area in Brazil ». Remote Sensing 13, n^o 7 (31 mars 2021) : 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071338.

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Teresina-Timon conurbation (TTC) area is an example of urban agglomeration, situated in the semiarid environment of the northeast region of Brazil, which has shown an accelerated process of urban development over the last four decades (1985–2019). In this study, we developed a semi-automatic urban land mapping framework at the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to (a) evaluate spatiotemporal sprawl of the TTC area (1985–2018); and (b) quantify current urban fabric structures of TTC area (2019). The main empirical results demonstrate that the use of the Landsat historical dataset is a suitable option for generating consistent urban land maps across the years in semiarid environments. Teresina and Timon expanded, respectively, from 70.34 km2 and 12.20 km2 in 1985 to 159.02 km2 and 30.68 km2 in 2018, increasing annually at 3.05% and 3.69% averaged rate, showing an underlying tendency of continuous growth, and magnitude similar to Asian cities. The results of the urban fabric (UF) structures mapping demonstrates a high complexity of the urbanized surfaces, characterized by irregular shapes and variability of urban coverage. In 2019, the TTC metropolitan area was covered by urban land use classes as ceramic roofs, other types of roofs, and impervious surface, in the proportions of 28.02%, 11.97%, and 5.67%, respectively.

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Lanzani, Arturo. « Controvento : costruire natura e fare paesaggio negli spazi aperti della urbanizzazione diffusa pedemontana ». TERRITORIO, n^o 47 (février 2009) : 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2008-047018.

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- One first consideration is to insist on the centrality of a political commitment to the redevelopment of residual open spaces for the development of the densely congested conurbation of the Alpine foothills. Residual open spaces can be reconsidered through a profound action to renew them as nuclei and corridors with a high degree of reconstructed naturalness: like islands of urban countryside; like spaces for collective enjoyment and meeting places for populations that are ever more different; like places of quiet and slowness in noisy and fast communities. Open spaces which when transformed into green infrastructures and parks (agricultural, leisure and nature areas) can restore ecological balance and spread elements of ‘urbanity' to an urbanisation which seems to present elements of crisis today because of its low level of liveability, its environmental unsustainability, its perennial congestion, its absence of any type of care for unbuilt on land, the poverty of urban places and the more general crisis of liveability (the cause of which today is now the quantity of urbanised land). A second consideration examines the process of the reciprocal adjustment of two tendentially conflicting policies: to construct a motorway and to identify a green corridor. This reciprocal adjustment occurs both through the strategic and planning interpretation of the environmental compensations of a motorway and through a rethinking of the ‘North green Dorsal' project as an active policy and not just as a constraint.

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Sitek, Sławomir, et Elżbieta Zuzańska-Żyśko. « Classification of labour markets in the Silesian Province (Poland) ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 3, n^o 1 (1 mars 2015) : 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0056.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to try to classify labour markets of the Silesian Province on the municipality level. The proposed solution of grouping labour markets is based on three criteria: the size of the labour market measured by a number of jobs, the weight of the labour market expressed with a proportion of the number of jobs to the size of the population and that scale of the impact that is a proportion of the commuters to the ones leaving for work. As a result of the assumed criteria the municipalities have been grouped according to their meaning on the labour market, at the same time identifying weaker and stronger labour markets. The first stage of the research was to divide the municipal labour markets according to the number of the employed. As a result territorial units were grouped into 4 classes (small, medium, big and huge) including in total 9 subclasses. Then the municipal labour markets were sorted according to their weight and the scale of their impact, verifying their position in this way. The research pointed out that a lot of labour markets in the Katowice conurbation showed lower levels than the assumptions. Consequently, it suggests polarization of the labour market of this urban unit that is mainly focused on Katowice and Gliwice. Higher parameters than the assumed ones were reached by several municipalities that are small or medium labour markets. In many cases these are municipalities where there are huge businesses connected with coal mining. A beneficial situation was noted in the southern part of the province that has a relatively steady situation on the labour market. The presented classification of labour markets can support the management process of local and regional development.

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Delgado Rubio, Jaime. « Mutual Education. Towards a model of educational co-creation around the archaeological heritage of Mexico ». AP : Online Journal in Public Archaeology 8, n^o 1 (5 avril 2019) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v8i1.177.

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Today, the area surrounding the archaeological city of Teotihuacan is suffering a gradual process of destruction due to factors such as: the uncontrolled urban sprawl of neighbouring communities, the conurbation of Mexico City, and the conflictive relationship between the State Institution which is legally responsible for preserving these remains and these centres of population. This represents a multifactorial and convergent problem requiring coordinated action and participation on the part of the Mexican state, the local authorities, and the local population.This article deals with these problems from a generational perspective, based on the fact that, at the present time, thousands of school children and young people from these urban areas are forming criteria or opinions about the problem and learning from the positions taken by different players in the conflict. It is in this context, and via a post-doctoral study period supported by the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología) (CONACYT) and the Institute of Heritage Sciences (INCIPIT-CSIC) in Spain, that we have built a strategy for scientific dissemination, named ‘Arqueólogos en Apuros’ (Archaeologists in Trouble), which consists of a multimedia children’s news bulletin presented by puppet reporters, with the aim of promoting processes of reflection among school children regarding the destruction of the pre-Columbian city and the problems implied by this fact. However, we wish to go beyond the act of simply providing information and hope to generate co-creation processes, in which these children can make decisions regarding the topics, formats, and representation of the news bulletin and can become capable of researching the news for themselves. In this paper, the theoretical and methodological evolution of this project is analysed, along with its successes, failures, and future challenges, which may enable us to establish the ways in which these young people relate to their heritage, reaching beyond the authorized discourse, and to help them to demand their right to preserve, defend, and enjoy this heritage within the framework of the expression of their creativity and spontaneity.

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Aitova, Julia S., et Marsel M. Nizamutdinov. « Conceptual scheme of the analytical system of migration management based on the interests of the key territorial stakeholders ». Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 5, n^o 3 (28 octobre 2019) : 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2019-5-3-218-234.

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Development of the national economy is determined by the dynamics of socio-economic processes in its regions. At the same time, a high level of territorial differentiation by a significant number of parameters can lead to increased social unrest, exacerbation of contradictions between the center and regions, the city and the rural periphery, and population conurbation in large cities. One of the key factors in the country development is human capital, in particular, its territorial distribution. The current trends of population resettlement in unregulated migration conditions determine the feasibility of implementing measures to manage migration processes in the framework of migration and economic state policy. In our opinion, migration is presented not only as a social process, but also more as an economic process because of the movement of labor resources, their professional knowledge and skills, consumers, financial resources of the population and other economic components. In this context, management involves creating the conditions for attracting the population in the territory that experiences a deficit of labor and other resources. In this regard, there is a need for systematization and generalization of knowledge about the mutual influence of migration and economic development and the formulation of a generalizing concept. Within the framework of this concept, migration management will allow taking into account the interests of all the interested parties — an individual, businesses, localities, (city, village, and region), and the macro-system (country, global territory). Effective tools for managing the territorial system and, in particular, migration processes today should include modern information analysis systems and methods based on simulation modeling among others. In this aspect, the patterns of migration, their impact on the economy, as well as the population, its types and structure, demographic behavior are considered in the studies of both Russian and Western economists. In particular, the authors study it in the framework of developing an impact model of the human capital transformation on the spatial and economic development of the territorial systems, involving the creation of appropriate model tools. An important structural element of this toolkit is the control unit for migration processes because of realization of stakeholder’s interests of the territory. The proposed conceptual approach to the development of migration management information system will provide information support in the development of practical measures in the implementation of migration and demographic policy at the regional level.

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Wise, Michael, A. J. Gerrard et T. R. Slater. « Managing a Conurbation : Birmingham and Its Region ». Geographical Journal 164, n^o 1 (mars 1998) : 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3060560.

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Willey, E. C. « Urban geology of the Toowoomba conurbation, SE Queensland, Australia ». Quaternary International 103, n^o 1 (janvier 2003) : 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(02)00141-6.

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Zentella Gómez, Juan Carlos. « Relaciones intermunicipales y gobernabilidad urbana en las zonas metropolitanas de México : el caso de la Zona Metropolitana de Xalapa / Inter-Municipal Relations and Urban Governance in Metropolitan Zones of Mexico : the Case of the Metropolitan Zone of Xa ». Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 20, n^o 2 (1 mai 2005) : 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v20i2.1218.

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El fenómeno de metropolización en México data de la década de los cuarenta, sin embargo fue hasta los setenta cuando surgieron los primeros instrumentos para regular el fenómeno, tales como las “declaratorias de conurbación” o el otorgamiento de facultades a los municipios para asociarse. Desde entonces el fenómeno de metropolización se ha extendido en la mayor parte de las ciudades grandes y medias del país y ha obligado a los municipios a negociar, encontrar acuerdos y dirimir conflictos. En este contexto la noción de “gobernabilidad urbana”, tal como es entendida por los científicos, toma dimensiones inusitadas dependiendo de los intereses y proyectos de cada municipio. En el estado de Veracruz hemos identificado la Zona Metropolitana de Xalapa, donde coexisten varios municipios en el mismo espacio urbano. La dinámica intermunicipal da cuenta de los límites de la teoría de la gobernabilidad y de la dificultad que implica el formular una agenda pública de gobierno aplicable en una escala metropolitana. En este contexto, en un primer momento abordaremos de manera sucinta los principales supuestos que plantea la teoría de la “gobernabilidad urbana”; en seguida presentaremos una crónica sobre los principales problemas que fueron observados en la Zona Metropolitana de Xalapa y que ilustran las dificultades que surgen al gobernar un territorio fragmentado. En un tercer momento contrastaremos los planteamientos expuestos por la gobernabilidad urbana y concluiremos explicando las dificultades que enfrentan las zonas conurbadas en México dentro del proceso de políticas públicas para la formulación de una agenda de gobierno a una escala metropolitana. AbstractThe phenomenon of metropolization in Mexico dates from the 1940s. However, it was not until the 1970s that the first instruments arose for regulating the phenomenon, such as the “conurbation declarations” or authorizing municipalities to associate. Since then, the phenomenon of metropolization has spread to most of the large and medium-sized cities in the country and forced the municipalities to negotiate, reach agreements and solve conflicts. In this context, the notion of “urban governance” as understood by scientists, assumes unexpected dimensions based on the interests and projects of each municipality. In the state of Veracruz, we have identified the Metropolitan Zone of Xalapa, where various municipalities coexist in the same urban space. The inter-municipal dynamic reveals the limits of the theory of governance and the difficulty of formulating a public agenda of government that can be applied on a metropolitan scale. In this context, the author begins with a brief summary of the main assumptions of the principle of “urban governance” followed by a chronicle of the main problems observed in the Metropolitan Zone of Xalapa, which illustrate the difficulties that emerge when governing a fragmented territory. The author then contrasts the proposals put forward by urban governance and ends by explaining the difficulties faced by conurbated areas in Mexico within the process of Public Policies in formulating a government agenda on a metropolitan scale.

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Runge, Anna. « Urban agglomerations and transformations of medium-sized towns in Poland ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 4, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2016) : 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2016-0017.

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Abstract This analysis investigates medium-sized towns in Poland, i.e. those with a population between 20–100 thousand, located up to 100 km away from the main city of the agglomeration. The aim of this article is to compare the level of socio-economic development of Polish towns depending on their location in relation to the main city in the largest agglomerations in 1998 and 2013. Three zones of distance from the main city of each agglomeration have been taken into consideration: a. the inner zone, reaching up to 25 km from the main city; b. the outer zone located at a distance of 25 to 50 km from the main city, and c. the peripheral zone, located at a distance of 50 to 100 km from the main city and including the medium-size towns located outside the agglomeration system. This analysis of the distribution of medium-sized towns and their level of socio-economic development has shown various levels of changes which depend on the distance from the main city of the agglomeration. In 1998, the highest level of development of the medium-sized towns was recorded in towns outside of these agglomeration systems, i.e. those located most remotely from the main city (peripheral zone). Most of the medium-sized towns are situated at a distance of 50–100 km from Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Lublin, Gdańsk and have developed their own local, or even regional labour markets and some of them have even provided administrative functions in the past as voivodeship capitals. Only in the Poznań agglomeration, the level of development of medium-sized towns was higher in the immediate surroundings of the main city (25 km). The medium-sized towns in all zones of the distance from the main city in the Wrocław agglomeration represented a similar level of development. By 2013, the level of development of the medium-sized towns in the peripheral zone in all investigated settlement systems had decreased, with a significant improvement in the level of development of the towns in the immediate surroundings of the main city. Such situation occurs especially in the conurbation of Gdańsk and the agglomerations of Warszawa, Kraków and Poznań. This shows that the largest cities of Poland are the main engines of economic development by stimulating their surroundings and their impact on the surrounding areas. Unfortunately, the towns located in the marginal zones of several agglomerations (the zone 25–50 km away from the main city) experience certain disadvantages, such as the process of “the backwash effect”. Furthermore, the lack of developmental impulses is observed in many medium-sized towns at the distance of 50-100 km from the main city of the agglomeration.

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MOILLERON, R., C. MORIN, L. PAULIC, A. MARCONI, V. ROCHER, R. MAILLER, A. BRESSY et L. GARRIGUE-ANTAR. « Caractérisation du potentiel toxique des eaux urbaines par bioessais – Cas de l’agglomération parisienne ». Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n^o 12 (20 janvier 2020) : 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/201912175.

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Dans un cadre réglementaire, la qualité d’une eau est souvent évaluée en comparant des concentrations de substances individuelles à des seuils tels que les normes de qualité environnementale. Cette approche, bien que robuste, présente certaines limites. La seule information sur la présence de contaminants ne suffit pas à quantifier l’impact ou le potentiel toxique de ces eaux; l’information reste «individuelle» à l’échelle de substances, pour lesquelles suffisamment de données écotoxicologiques existent, sans permettre d’évaluer l’effet cocktail qui pourrait en résulter. Les bioessais sont des méthodes globales et intégrées qui fournissent des informations sur le potentiel toxique de l’échantillon considéré, voire sur la toxicité spécifique de certains groupes de substances. Notre démarche a donc consisté à suivre le potentiel toxique de différents échantillons d’eaux urbaines (efﬂuent hospitalier, eaux usées à l’exutoire de deux sous-bassins de la ville de Paris, eaux usées en entrée de station d’épuration et eau épurée, déversoirs d’orage) en utilisant trois panels: toxicité générale (huit bioessais sur algues, bactéries, champignons et cellules humaines), génotoxicité (trois bioessais sur bactéries et cellules humaines), perturbation endocrinienne (six bioessais sur cellules humaines). Les résultats montrent que les déversoirs d’orage apportent un excès de toxicité au milieu récepteur. Sur l’ensemble des émissaires, toutes les dimensions de la toxicité ont, à un moment ou un autre, été observées. La comparaison entre entrée et sortie de station d’épuration semblerait indiquer que l’abattement des paramètres physicochimiques ne se retrouve pas pour les indicateurs de la toxicité. Cependant, des études complémentaires sur ce type d’échantillons sont nécessaires pour confirmer ou non cette première tendance.

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Galindo, Luis Miguel, Roberto Escalante et Norman Asuad. « El proceso de urbanización y el crecimiento económico en México / The Process of Urbanization and Economic Growth in Mexico ». Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 19, n^o 2 (1 mai 2004) : 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v19i2.1188.

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El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto del proceso de urbanización en el crecimiento económico en México utilizando los métodos econométricos modernos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe una relación estable de largo plazo y positiva entre el producto, la inversión y un índice de urbanización. Ello indica que la inversión y el proceso de urbanización han favorecido el ritmo de crecimiento económico de México. En este sentido, el acelerado proceso de urbanización del país durante el siglo XX tuvo efectos positivos sobre el ritmo de crecimiento económico. Debe sin embargo considerarse que las características del proceso de urbanización en México se han traducido en un alto nivel de concentración económica, en particular en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, con costos crecientes para el crecimiento económico de largo plazo. Ello se refleja en un proceso de desconcentración de las megalópolis a zonas conurbadas en la década de los ochenta, que se ha estabilizado relativamente en los últimos años. AbstractThis article seeks to analyze the impact of urbanization on economic growth in Mexico, using modern econometric methods. The results obtained suggest that there is a stable, long-term positive relationship between the product, investment and the urbanization index. This suggests that investment and urbanization have contributed to the rate of economic growth in Mexico. In this respect, the country’s rapid urbanization in the 20th century had a positive effect on the economic growth rate. One should, however, recall that the characteristics of urbanization in Mexico have translated into a high level of economic concentration, particularly in the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone, with growing costs for long-term economic growth. This is reflected in the decentralization of megalopolises to conurbations during the 1980’s which has stabilized somewhat in recent years.

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Finkl, Charles W., et Natalia Restrepo-Coupe. « Potential Natural Environments Based on Pedological Properties in the Coastal Conurbation of Subtropical Southeast Florida ». Journal of Coastal Research 232 (mars 2007) : 319–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/06a-0016.1.

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Mihaylov, Valentin, Jerzy Runge, Robert Krzysztofik et Tomasz Spórna. « Paths of evolution of territorial identity : The case of former towns in the Katowice conurbation ». Geographica Pannonica 23, n^o 3 (2019) : 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gp23-22018.

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Iqbal, La Ode Sir Muhammad, Batara Surya et Syafri Syafri. « Kutub Pertumbuhan Dan Gentrifikasi Pada Kawasan Pinggiran Kota Makassar ». Urban and Regional Studies Journal 3, n^o 1 (22 mars 2021) : 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/ursj.v3i1.607.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis bagaimana proses pembentukan kutub pertumbuhan wilayah dan gentrifikasi pada kawasan pinggiran Kota Makassar dalam hal ini Kelurahan Bangkala dan Tamangapa sebagai Kawasan Pinggiran Kota Makassar dan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh gentrifikasi yang terjadi terhadap perubahan struktur ruang Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan alat analisis Deskriptif Kualitatif-Kuantitatif dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Data diperoleh dari obeservasi langsung dilapangan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi fisik lingkungan (hunian, penggunan lahan, geografis) dan sosial budaya masyarakat setempat, kuesioner wawancara langsung kepada sampel untuk lebih memperdalam data yang ingin diperoleh dan dokumentasi fisik lingkungan, untuk mendukung penyempurnaan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gentrifikasi terjadi di kawasan pinggiran Kota Makassar (Kelurahan Bangkala dan Tamangapa), dicirikan dengan perubahan tipologi kawasan dan peningkatan fasilitas serta infrastruktur perkotaan yang secara bertahap muncul sebagai dampak dari pengaruh secara internal Kota Makassar kaitannya dengan fenomena migrasi dalam proses pembentukan kutub pertumbuhan. Faktor eksternal wilayah dari Kota Makassar juga menjadi faktor penyebab terjadinya kutub pertumbuhan dan gentrifikasi dalam bentuk konurbasi perkotaan dan pembentukan kawasan Metropolitan Mamminasata. Hasil uji statistik terhadap 7 variabel yang diteliti menunjukan sebesar sebesar 51,9% atau dari 4 variabel yang diteliti secara simultan memberikan pengaruh terhadap penyebab terjadinya gentrifikasi pada kawasan pinggiran Kota Makassar dan sebaesar 26,9% memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan struktur ruang Kota Makassar. Hal berikut memberikan kesimpulan bahwa pengaruh gentrifikasi terhadap perubahan struktur ruang kota Makassar terjadi dalam bentuk perubahan fungsi dan aktifitas pada kawasan pinggiran. Disamping itu tingkat aktifitas dan pergerakan juga menjadikan kawasan pinggiran (Kelurahan Bangkala dan Tamangapa) mengalami berbagai dinamika dan permasalahan keruangan yang tidak terlepas dari sudut pandang sosial, ekonomi dan fisik kawasan itu sendiri. Disamping itu, dapat dimaknai bahwa gentrifikasi tidak serta menyeluruh memberikan perubahan pada pembentukan struktur ruang melainkan hanya pada beberapa bagian dari struktur ruang dalam hal ini adalah perubahan fungsi dan aktifitas serta perubahan pada sistem jaringan sarana dan prasarana pada kawasan pinggiran. This study aims to examine and analyze how the process of regional growth poles forming and gentrification in the suburbs of Makassar City, in this case Bangkala and Tamangapa Sub-Districts as Makassar Suburbs and to see how the influence of gentrification that occurs on changes in the spatial structure of Makassar City. This research is descriptive quantitative and qualitative by using descriptive Qualitative-Quantitative analysis tools and multiple linear regression analysis. The data were obtained from field work observations to identify the physical conditions of the environment (occupancy, land use, geography) and the socio-cultural conditions of the local community, questionnaires, direct interview to the respondents to further deepen the data obtained and environmental physical documentation, to support data improvement. The results show that gentrification occurs in the suburbs of Makassar City (Kelurahan Bangkala and Tamangapa), characterized by changes in regional typology and improvements in urban facilities and infrastructure that gradually emerge as a result of the internal influence of Makassar City in relation to the phenomenon of migration in the process of forming growth poles. Regional external factors from Makassar City are also the factors causing the growth poles and gentrification in the form of urban conurbation and the formation of the Mamminasata Metropolitan area. The results of statistical tests on the 7 variables studied showed that 51.9% of the 4 variables studied simultaneously had an influence on the causes of gentrification in the suburbs of Makassar City and 26.9% had an effect on changes in the spatial structure of Makassar City. It can be concluded that the effect of gentrification on changes in the spatial structure of the Makassar city occurs in the form of changes in functions and activities in the suburb areas. Besides that, the level of activity and movement also makes the suburb areas (Bangkala and Tamangapa sub-districts) experience various dynamics and spatial problems that cannot be separated from the social, economic and physical point of view of the area itself. In addition, it can be interpreted that gentrification is not comprehensive and gives changes to the formation of spatial structures but only in some parts of the spatial structure, in this case, changes in functions and activities as well as changes in the network system of facilities and infrastructure in the suburbs.

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Pan, Shengkai, Xiaokai Feng, Daniel Pass, Rachel A. Adams, Yusong Wang, Xuemin Dong, Zhenzhen Lin et al. « Enhanced Transcriptomic Resilience following Increased Alternative Splicing and Differential Isoform Production between Air Pollution Conurbations ». Atmosphere 12, n^o 8 (26 juillet 2021) : 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12080959.

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Adverse health outcomes caused by ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution occur in a progressive process, with neutrophils eliciting inflammation or pathogenesis. We investigated the toxico-transcriptomic mechanisms of PM in real-life settings by comparing healthy residents living in Beijing and Chengde, the opposing ends of a well-recognised air pollution (AP) corridor in China. Beijing recruits (BRs) uniquely expressed ~12,000 alternative splicing (AS)-derived transcripts, largely elevating the proportion of transcripts significantly correlated with PM concentration. BRs expressed PM-associated isoforms (PMAIs) of PFKFB3 and LDHA, encoding enzymes responsible for stimulating and maintaining glycolysis. PMAIs of PFKFB3 featured different COOH-terminals, targeting PFKFB3 to different sub-cellular functional compartments and stimulating glycolysis. PMAIs of LDHA have longer 3′UTRs relative to those expressed in Chengde recruits (CRs), allowing glycolysis maintenance by enhancing LDHA mRNA stability and translational efficiency. PMAIs were directly regulated by different HIF-1A and HIF-1B isoforms. BRs expressed more non-functional Fas isoforms, and a resultant reduction of intact Fas proportion is expected to inhibit the transmission of apoptotic signals and prolong neutrophil lifespan. BRs expressed both membrane-bound and soluble IL-6R isoforms instead of only one in CRs. The presence of both IL-6R isoforms suggested a higher migration capacity of neutrophils in BRs. PMAIs of HIF-1A and PFKFB3 were downregulated in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients compared with BRs, implying HIF-1 mediated defective glycolysis may mediate neutrophil dysfunction. PMAIs could explain large variances of different phenotypes, highlighting their potential application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PM-induced diseases, which remain poorly elucidated.

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Demazière, Christophe. « Devenir métropole ? Stratégies de développement des agglomérations de taille moyenne (Metropolis ? Development strategies of middle-size conurbations) ». Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 82, n^o 3 (2005) : 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.2005.2464.

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Champion, Tony, et Tania Fisher. « The social selectivity of migration flows affecting Britain's larger conurbations : An analysis of the 1991 census regional migration tables ». Scottish Geographical Journal 119, n^o 3 (janvier 2003) : 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369220318737176.

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Darras, T., V. Borrell Estupina, L. Kong-A-Siou, B. Vayssade, A. Johannet et S. Pistre. « Identification of spatial and temporal contributions of rainfalls to flash floods using neural network modelling : case study on the Lez Basin (Southern France) ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, n^o 4 (8 avril 2015) : 3681–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-3681-2015.

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Abstract. Flash floods pose significant hazards in urbanised zones and have important human and financial implications in both the present and future due to the likelihood that global climate change will exacerbate their consequences. It is thus of crucial importance to better model these phenomena especially when they occur in heterogeneous and karst basins where they are difficult to describe physically. Toward this goal, this paper applies a recent methodology (KnoX methodology) dedicated to extracting knowledge from a neural network model to better determine the contributions and time responses of several well-identified geographic zones of an aquifer. To assess the interest of this methodology, a case study was conducted in Southern France: the Lez hydrosystem whose river crosses the conurbation of Montpellier (400 000 inhabitants). Rainfall contributions and time transfers were estimated and analysed in four geologically-delimited zones to estimate the sensitivity of flash floods to water coming from the surface or karst. The Causse de Viol-le-Fort is shown to be the main contributor to flash floods and the delay between surface and underground flooding is estimated to be three hours. This study will thus help operational flood warning services to better characterise critical rainfall and develop measurements to design efficient flood forecasting models. This generic method can be applied to any basin with sufficient rainfall–runoff measurements.

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Brandyk, Andrzej, Adam Kiczko, Grzegorz Majewski, Małgorzata Kleniewska et Marcin Krukowski. « Uncertainty of Deardorff’s soil moisture model based on continuous TDR measurements for sandy loam soil ». Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 64, n^o 1 (1 mars 2016) : 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0007.

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Abstract Knowledge on soil moisture is indispensable for a range of hydrological models, since it exerts a considerable influence on runoff conditions. Proper tools are nowadays applied in order to gain in-sight into soil moisture status, especially of uppermost soil layers, which are prone to weather changes and land use practices. In order to establish relationships between meteorological conditions and topsoil moisture, a simple model would be required, characterized by low computational effort, simple structure and low number of identified and calibrated parameters. We demonstrated, that existing model for shallow soils, considering mass exchange between two layers (the upper and the lower), as well as with the atmosphere and subsoil, worked well for sandy loam with deep ground water table in Warsaw conurbation. GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) linked with GSA (Global Sensitivity Analysis) provided for final determination of parameter values and model confidence ranges. Including the uncertainty in a model structure, caused that the median soil moisture solution of the GLUE was shifted from the one optimal in deterministic sense. From the point of view of practical model application, the main shortcoming were the underestimated water exchange rates between the lower soil layer (ranging from the depth of 0.1 to 0.2 m below ground level) and subsoil. General model quality was found to be satisfactory and promising for its utilization for establishing measures to regain retention in urbanized conditions.

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Salazar, Esthela, Cristián Henríquez, Gustavo Durán, Jorge Qüense et Fernando Puente-Sotomayor. « How to Define a New Metropolitan Area ? The Case of Quito, Ecuador, and Contributions for Urban Planning ». Land 10, n^o 4 (14 avril 2021) : 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040413.

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The Metropolitan Area of Quito has experienced exponential growth in recent decades, especially in peri-urban sectors. The literature has described this process as “urban sprawl”, a phenomenon that is changing the landscape by increasing land consumption and forming conurbations with the nearest populated centers. This article proposes a new, broader and more complex metropolitan structure for the metropolis of Quito, the linking of neighboring and conurbed areas to the form a new metropolitan area based on the case study of the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ). This new metropolitan area identification considers the interpretation of satellite images and the classification of land uses, highlighting the main urban growth areas located outside, but contiguous to the administrative limit of the DMQ, over a period of 19 years (1998 to 2017), the demographics analysis, particularly the densification of new urban peripheral areas close to the DMQ border and the mobility links of population, goods and services between human settlements that allows the configuration of urban corridors and the integration of the territory. The main findings evaluated are the need to evaluate urban planning strategies aimed at sustainable development.

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Vacchi, Matteo, Elda Russo Ermolli, Christophe Morhange, Maria R. Ruello, Valentino Di Donato, Mauro A. Di Vito, Daniela Giampaola et al. « Millennial variability of rates of sea-level rise in the ancient harbour of Naples (Italy, western Mediterranean Sea) ». Quaternary Research 93 (8 novembre 2019) : 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.60.

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AbstractWe reconstructed the late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) evolution of the ancient harbour of Naples, one of the largest coastal conurbations in the Mediterranean. We carried out multiproxy investigations, coupling archaeological evidence with biological indicators. Our data robustly constrain 2000 yr of non-monotonic changes in sea level, chiefly controlled by the complex volcano-tectonic processes that characterize the area. Between ~200 BC and AD ~0, a subsidence rate of more than ~1.5 mm/yr enhanced the postglacial RSL rise, while negligible or moderate land uplift < ~0.5 mm/yr triggered a RSL stabilization during the Roman period (first five centuries AD). This stabilization was followed by a post-Roman enhancement of the sea-level rise when ground motion was negative, attested by a subsidence rate of ~0.5 to ~1 mm/yr. Our analysis seems to indicate very minor impacts of this nonmonotonic RSL evolution on the activities of the ancient harbour of Naples, which peaked from the third century BC to the second century AD. After this period, the progressive silting of the harbour basin made it impossible to safely navigate within the basin, leading to the progressive decline of the harbour.

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Kapstein López, Paula, et Miguel Ángel Gálvez Huerta. « Identificación de una franja de periferias interiores de escala metropolitana en el sur de Madrid | Identifying a metropolitan inner peripheries set in the South of Madrid ». ZARCH, n^o 8 (2 octobre 2017) : 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201782150.

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El trabajo trata sobre la ciudad de escala metropolitana desde la perspectiva de la fragmentación del territorio, revisando el caso del crecimiento sur de Madrid. Esta zona se ha desarrollado rápidamente desde los años sesenta, dándose actualmente en ella la conurbación de ciudades pertenecientes a distintos municipios. Dicha expansión deja sin urbanizar una porción de suelo que separa estas ciudades de Madrid, la que no tiene un uso definido. Por la configuración que tiene esta zona se reconoce como una franja de periferias interiores de escala metropolitana. Se trata de definir su origen y localización. Este análisis se enmarca en el debate teórico sobre los procesos de metropolización de ciudades en regiones urbanas. PALABRAS CLAVE: Metropolización de ciudades, fragmentación territorial, región urbana, Madrid. The article reflects on the city from a territorial fragmentation point of view. The case of the southwards urban growth of Madrid is reviewed. This zone has developed rapidly during the sixties, and nowadays experiences a conurbation of small towns within its vicinity. Such expansion has left undeveloped a strip of land with no defined use in between the involved municipalities that can be defined as a metropolitan scale inner peripheries set. This work seeks to locate it and trace its inception. This analysis is part of the theoretical debate on the processes of metropolisation of cities in urban regions. KEYWORDS: Metropolisation of cities; territorial fragmentation; urban region; Madrid.

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Jofre, Juan, Francisco Lucena et Anicet Blanch. « Coliphages as a Complementary Tool to Improve the Management of Urban Wastewater Treatments and Minimize Health Risks in Receiving Waters ». Water 13, n^o 8 (17 avril 2021) : 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081110.

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Even in countries with extensive sanitation systems, outbreaks of waterborne infectious diseases are being reported. Current tendencies, such as the growing concentration of populations in large urban conurbations, climate change, aging of existing infrastructures, and emerging pathogens, indicate that the management of water resources will become increasingly challenging in the near future. In this context, there is an urgent need to control the fate of fecal microorganisms in wastewater to avoid the negative health consequences of releasing treated effluents into surface waters (rivers, lakes, etc.) or marine coastal water. On the other hand, the measurement of bacterial indicators yields insufficient information to gauge the human health risk associated with viral infections. It would therefore seem advisable to include a viral indicator—for example, somatic coliphages—to monitor the functioning of wastewater treatments. As indicated in the studies reviewed herein, the concentrations of somatic coliphages in raw sewage remain consistently high throughout the year worldwide, as occurs with bacterial indicators. The removal process for bacterial indicators and coliphages in traditional sewage treatments is similar, the concentrations in secondary effluents remaining sufficiently high for enumeration, without the need for cumbersome and costly concentration procedures. Additionally, according to the available data on indicator behavior, which is still limited for sewers but abundant for surface waters, coliphages persist longer than bacterial indicators once outside the gut. Based on these data, coliphages can be recommended as indicators to assess the efficiency of wastewater management procedures with the aim of minimizing the health impact of urban wastewater release in surface waters.

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Fares, S., S. Mereu, G. Scarascia Mugnozza, M. Vitale, F. Manes, M. Frattoni, P. Ciccioli et F. Loreto. « The ACCENT-VOCBAS field campaign on biosphere-atmosphere interactions in a Mediterranean ecosystem of Castelporziano (Rome) : site characteristics, climatic and meteorological conditions, and eco-physiology of vegetation ». Biogeosciences Discussions 6, n^o 1 (22 janvier 2009) : 1185–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-1185-2009.

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Abstract. Biosphere-atmosphere interactions were investigated on a sandy dune Mediterranean ecosystem in a field campaign held in 2007 within the frame of the European Projects ACCENT and VOCBAS. The campaign was carried out in the Presidential estate of Castelporziano, a peri-urban park close to Rome where several investigations on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) in Mediterranean area were performed in the past 15 y. While specific aspects of the campaign will be discussed in companion papers, the general climatic and physiological aspects will be presented here together with information regarding BVOC emission from the most common plants present in this ecosystem. During the campaign regular air movements were observed, dominated by moderate nocturnal land breeze and diurnal sea breeze. A regular daily increase of ozone concentration in the air was also observed, but daily peaks of ozone were much lower than those measured downwind of the Rome conurbation. The site was ideal as a natural photochemical reactor to observe reaction, transport and deposition processes occurring in the Mediterranean basin, where a sea-land breeze circulation system allows a strong mixing between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions and secondary pollutants. The campaign investigated emissions from a poorly studied and largely biodiverse ecosystem, often subjected to a combination of environmental stresses and to anthropogenic pollution. Measurements were run in May, when plant physiological conditions were still optimal, in absence of severe drought and heat stress. Foliar rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were as high as generally recorded in unstressed Mediterranean sclerophyllous plants. Most of the plant species emitted high level of monoterpenes, despite measurements being made in a period in which emissions of volatile isoprenoids could be restrained by developmental and environmental factors, such as leaf age and relatively low air temperature. No high isoprene emitting plants were found in the ecosystem. It is speculated that environmental stresses limit the emission during summer, differently than in other Mediterranean ecosystems. Accounting for the high spring emission of the dune ecosystem may be important to correct current algorithms at regional, ecosystem levels, and to interpret measurements of fluxes of volatile isoprenoids and pollutants.

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Butler, Tim. « Thinking Global but Acting Local : The Middle Classes in the City ». Sociological Research Online 7, n^o 3 (août 2002) : 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.740.

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The paper advances the notion that there is ‘metropolitan habitus’ in large global cities such as London which distinguishes it from other conurbations in the United Kingdom. At the same time, it is argued that whilst London is becoming an increasingly middle-class city, this group is increasingly stratified along socio-spatial lines. Richard Sennett's work The Corrosion of Character is drawn upon to suggest that, to some extent, different gentrification strategies enable the metropolitan middle classes to compensate for the lack of a long term in contemporary middle-class life. Drawing on fieldwork, recently conducted in five gentrified areas of inner London north and south of the Thames, it is suggested that an important aspect of the socio spatial differentiation within the metropolitan middle class is whether it seeks to embrace or escape the contemporary globalization of consumer culture. Although this process is highly nuanced by individual strategies for negotiating the boundaries between the global and the local, which are exemplified by the distinction between residential areas and the centre of London, it is nevertheless suggested that these socio-spatial divisions account for variations within the metropolitan habitus to a greater extent than socio- demographic and occupational divisions which are only weakly associated with the global/non-global dichotomisation. The paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data to look at the different ways in which cultural, economic and social capital are drawn on in the gentrification of each area and how these reflect not only the capabilities but also the proclivities of the different groups concerned. It is suggested that metropolitan habitus is a concept that needs further analysis and research but which has considerable potential explanatory value in accounting for differences between the middle classes in London and other provincial cities and non urban areas.

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IERMAKOVA, О. А. « METODOLOGY OF REALIZATION OF THE INNOVATION VECTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION AMONG TERRITORIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF UKRAINE ». Economic innovations 22, n^o 4(77) (20 décembre 2020) : 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2020.22.4(77).61-72.

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Topicality. Under the conditions of the decentralization reforms in Ukraine the communities’ cooperation becomes one of the key tools of their socio-economic development. At the same time, this tool was underused in Ukraine in the sphere of innovation activity. The experience of world in general and Europe in particular showed that the cooperation among territorial and economic systems is efficient in the sphere of innovations and is actively applied by the regions both in the national and cross-border cooperation. Aim and tasks. The elaboration of methodological and applied bases of the realization of innovation vector of economic development and cooperation among territorial and economic systems of Ukraine and elaboration of the classification models of such cooperation in innovation sphere. Research results. The article suggests the methodological, classification, institutional bases of cooperation among territorial and economic systems, implementation of which will facilitate the realization of their innovation potential. The application of the territorial and economic systems as an object of the research allows to approach the studied problem not from the standpoint of administrative- territorial division, that involves the study of inter-municipal cooperation, formation of subregions, agglomerations, conurbations, etc., but from the functional standpoint to explore the inter-territorial innovation process in the context of cooperation within the innovation systems, production clusters, etc. While the issue of the regional innovation systems and clusters formation is well-studied, their formation in the interregional aspect remains topical both in the theoretical and applied aspects for the Ukrainian economy. Conclusion. The methodology of the realization of innovation vector of economic development and cooperation among territorial and economic systems of Ukraine, that is suggested in the research, provides the system approach and determines key orientations of the politics of inter-territorial cooperation activation in the innovation sphere.

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