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Pereira, Fábio Renato. « Metabólitos secundários bioativos e mediadores de relação predador/presa de invertebrados marinhos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-24072012-103637/.
Texte intégralAbstract The present investigation aimed the isolation of biologically active secondary metabolites from different species of nudibranchs, mollusks that can produce or accumulate substances from their preys. We investigated the extracts of four nudibranchs species and their respective preys. The active extract of the marine sponge Agelas sventres, has also been investigated. From the extract of the marine sponge Agelas sventres we could isolate a series of bromopyrrolic alkaloids, substances that are typically found in sponges of Agelas genus. Among the isolated compounds, oroidin was found to inhibit the activity and function of the Pdr5p enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From the extract of the nudibranch Tambja stegosauriformis and its prey, the bryozoan Bugula sp., several known tambjamines alkaloids were isolated. The tambjamines C, D, K, and the aldehyde of the tambjamine B were found in both animals; aldehyde of tambjamine A was identified only in the nudibranch extract, whereas tambjamine A and an isomer of tambjamine J were found on the bryozoan. The study of the extract of the nudibranch Okenia zoobotryon and its prey, the bryozoan Zoobotryon verticillatum, resulted in the isolation of a single known brominated indole alkaloid, 2,5,6-tribromo-N-metilgramine, present on both animals. Similar results were obtained in the study of extract of the nudibranch Hypselodoris lajensis along with its prey, a Dysidea sponge, that led to the isolation of a single diterpene, the furodysinin lactone. Although both compounds are known, this is the first report on the isolation of those compounds from nudibranch species. Finally, the investigation of the extract from the nudibranch Pleurobranchus areolatus provided two new modified diketopiperazines, closely related to modified diketopiperazines, the rodriguesins A and B, isolated from the ascidian Didemnum sp. It is important to note the use of LC-UV-MS and MS/MS analysis in this work, which were important in the identification of several compounds present in the studied extracts in very small amounts.
Maciel, Tatiana da Rosa Guimarães. « Investigação química e biológica de produtos naturais marinhos : estudo bioguiado de Petromica citrina ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158787.
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A esponja marinha Petromica citrina é considerada uma espécie nativa do Brasil encontrada na região sul e sudeste. Entre os compostos isolados neste gênero estão os sulfatos de halistanol (esteroides sulfatados) que se destacam por suas atividades antiviral e antimicrobiana. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial in vitro (atividade antiviral e antimicrobiana) e in vivo (modelos de indução da sepse) da fração n-butanólica (BF), da fração rica em halistanóis (TSH) e dos compostos isolados [sulfato de halistanol (HS) e sulfato de halistanol C (HS-C)]. O fracionamento bioguiado da fração BF foi realizado utilizando gel de permeação molecular (Sephadex LH-20) que, em um primeiro momento, proporcionou a obtenção da amostra bioativa TSH. Esta subfração foi submetida a novo processo cromatográfico com sílica de fase reversa, permitindo o isolamento do sulfato de halistanol (HS) e sulfato de halistanol C (HS-C), compostos estes identificados por ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) e espectrometria de massas (ESI). Os resultados gerados com os ensaios de avaliação da atividade antiherpética (HSV-1) da amostra TSH, apresentaram índice de seletividade (IS) igual a 15,33, valor este superior quando comparado às amostras HS (IS=2,46) e HS-C (IS=1,45). O potencial antimicrobiano das amostras TSH, HS e HS-C foram estabelecidos por meio das técnicas de difusão em disco, bioautografia e microdiluição, sendo constatada atividade frente a três cepas ATCC S. aureus, E. faecalis e C. albicans, além de três cepas de isolados clínicos bacterianos multirresistentes (S. aureus, MRSA e VRE), sobretudo para amostra TSH foram evidenciados valores de concentrações inibitórias mínimas promissoras frente as cepas MRSA (CIM=31,25 µg/mL) e VRE (CIM=62,5 µg/mL). Com base nos resultados de atividade antimicrobiana da amostra TSH, a mesma foi submetida a ensaios em modelos experimentais de indução de sepse (in vivo). A administração via intraperitoneal dessa amostra na dose de 12 mg/kg no modelo de pneumosepse foi capaz de retardar a morte dos animais. Contudo, no modelo de ligação e perfuração cecal (CLP) a amostra TSH não exerceu efeito na taxa de sobrevivência dos animais quando administrada na dose 33 mg/Kg.
Abstract : The marine sponge Petromica citrina is considered a native species found in south and southeast of Brazil. Among the compounds isolated at this genus are the halistanol sulfates (sulfated steroids), that showed antiviral and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential in vitro (antiviral and antimicrobial activity) and in vivo (sepsis model) of the n-butanol fraction (BF), halistanol enriched-fraction (TSH) and compounds isolated [halistanol sulfate (HS) and halistanol sulfate C (HS-C)]. Herein it was performed a chemical bioguided fractionation of BF fraction using gel permeation (Sephadex LH-20), as a first step to obtain bioactive TSH sample. This TSH fraction was then submitted to a new purification process by reversed phase chromatography yielding the halistanol sulfate (HS) and halistanol sulfate C (HS-C), that were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (ESI). The results of anti-herpetic activity (HSV-1) were significantly more attractive to TSH sample, that showed selectivity index SI =15.33, while HS (SI=2.46) and HS-C (SI=1.45) showed weak activities. The antimicrobial potential of TSH, HS and HS-C were established by the disk diffusion, bioautography and microdilution techniques. The results showed antimicrobial activity against three ATCC strains (S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans), as well as against three clinical multiresistant strains (S. aureus, MRSA and VRE). The TSH sample, presented the most promising results with minimum inhibitory concentrations values against MRSA strains (MIC=31.25 µg/ mL) and VRE (MIC=62.5 µg/mL). Finally, the TSH was assayed in two experimental models of sepsis (in vivo). The intraperitoneal administration of this sample at 12 mg/kg in Pneumosepse model was able to delay the death of animals. On the other hand, in the cecal ligation and puncture model (CLP), TSH sample at 33 mg/kg did not shown effect on the animal survival.
Romminger, Stelamar. « Isolamento, identificação e investigação de rotas biossintéticas de produtos naturais de micro-organismos marinhos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-30072013-093635/.
Texte intégralThe present investigation aimed to carry out feeding experiments for the incorporation of isotopic labeled precursors on natural products isolated from the culture media of two fungal species belonging to the Penicillium genus, in order to verify the biosynthetic pathway of the compounds produced by the P. citrinum F53 and P. oxalicum F30 fungal strains. Culture media used in the fermentation of the fungal strains were enriched with the following isotopic labeled precursors: [1-13C1]sodium acetate, [1,2-13C2]sodium acetate, [2,3-13C2]sodium propionate, [methyl-13C1]methionine, [1-13C1]glucose, [U-13C5]ornithine, [U-13C6]lysine, [U-13C5]proline, [U-13C6]histidine, [2-indol-13C1]tryptophan, and [U-13C6]anthranilic acid, separately. At the end of the fermentation period, culture media were separately subjected to solid phase extraction and analyzed by LC/UV/ESI/MS. The incorporation experiments that showed positive results were purified by HPLC/UV, and the pure compounds labeled in different positions were then analyzed by 13C-NMR. The results demonstrated that two dihydropyrroles produced by P. citrinum F53 were formed via a mixed biosynthetic route, derived from ornithine, a methyl group derived from methionine, and a polyketide chain derived from acetate. The alkaloids citrinalin B and 17-hydroxycitrinalin B, also produced by P. citrinum F53, are both derived from two amino acid residues, ornithine and tryptophan (via anthranilic acid), and two isoprene units derived from glucose via the mevalonate pathway. The alkaloids oxaline and meleagrine, produced by P. oxalicum F30, are formed via a mixed biosynthetic pathway by two amino acid residues, histidine and tryptophan (via anthranilic acid), and methyl groups derived from methionine.
Tangerina, Marcelo Marucci Pereira [UNESP]. « Fauna acompanhante : um universo químico a ser explorado ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141489.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A fauna acompanhante da pesca do camarão inclui uma série de invertebrados marinhos que são descartados por não ter valor comercial. A fim de tentar acrescentar algum valor a este material, foi analisada a composição química da estrela-do-mar Luidia senegalensis coletada na costa brasileira como consequência da aplicação da pesca de arrasto. A fim de avaliar sua composição química, foi utilizada uma combinação de extração em fase sólida (SPE) seguida de cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas equipado com fonte de ionização por eletrosptray e analisador ion-trap linear (UPLCESI- IT-MSn). Luidia senegalensis contém asterosaponinas, que são esteroides glicosilados sulfatados contendo cinco e seis unidades de açúcar, além de poliidroxiesteroides. Este estudo mostrou a presença de compostos importantes e potencialmente bioativos em invertebrados associados à fauna acompanhante da pesca do camarão, usando um método rápido e eficiente. Normalmente descartada, a fauna acompanhante contém muitos invertebrados que podem hospedar uma grande variedade de gêneros de bactérias, algumas das quais com potencial de produzir produtos naturais bioativos com aplicações biotecnológicas. Assim, para utilizar um material normalmente descartado, foi explorado o potencial biotecnológico de bactérias cultiváveis de duas espécies de invertebrados abundantes na fauna acompanhante, o gastrópode Olivancillaria urceus e a estrela-do-mar Luidia senegalensis. Uma amostra de sedimento da mesma área de coleta também foi investigado. Utilizando múltiplas abordagens de isolamento 134 isolados foram obtidos a partir dos invertebrados e do sedimento. Sequenciamento parcial da subunidade de rRNA (16S) revelou que os isolados pertenciam aos filos Proteobacteria, Firmicutes e Actinobacteria, distribuídos em 28 gêneros. Vários gêneros conhecidos pela sua capacidade de produzir produtos naturais bioativos (Micromonospora, Streptomyces, Serinicoccus e Verrucosispora) foram obtidos a partir das amostras estudadas. Para avaliar as bactérias isoladas quanto à sua capacidade para produzir metabólitos bioativos todas as cepas foram fermentadas e os extratos de fermentação analisados por LC-HRMS e testados em ensaio de atividade antimicrobiana. Quatro cepas apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) e Staphylococcus warneri. A produção de metabólitos secundários por bactérias isoladas da fauna acompanhante também foi avaliada por uma abordagem metabolômica utilizando LC-HRMS, onde foi avaliado como as diferenças na composição dos meios de cultura podem alterar a produção de substâncias. Utilizou-se a metabolômica como uma ferramenta para investigar a produção de abyssomicinas, um agente anticâncer, e outros metabólitos secundários em três cepas do actinomiceto raro Verrucosispora maris, isoladas a partir de uma amostra de sedimento e associadas à estrela-do-mar Luidia senegalensis de Ubatuba - SP, Brasil. Nove composições diferentes de meios de cultura foram avaliadas e verificou-se que, dentre todas as cepas, somente RKMT_111 foi capaz de produzir abyssomicinas. O estudo da composição do meio de cultura revelou que a produção de abyssomicinas só foi possível em BFM-11m. Embora as três cepas pertençam à mesma espécie e são provenientes da mesma localização, é notável que cada isolado apresentou diferente capacidade de produção de metabólitos secundários. Os produtos de fermentação de Erythrobacter vulgaris foram avaliados utilizando técnicas de HPLC preparativo, LC-HRMS e RMN. A cepa foi isolada pelo método dry-stamp de uma amostra de sedimento marinho da costa de Ubatuba-SP, Brasil. Depois de sequenciamento completo do rRNA (16S) e identificação, o isolado foi fermentado em larga escala, seu caldo de fermentação extraído por solvente e os compostos purificados por HPLCMS. Análise de LC-HRMS e RMN dos compostos isolados levou à identificação de dois novos derivados do ácido cólico, ácido 3-acetil-glicocólico e o ácido 3-acetilglicodesoxicólico. As substâncias obtidas podem ter sido produzidas por biotransformação do ácido glicocólico e ácido desoxicólico, respectivamente, já presentes no meio de cultivo. Este é o primeiro relato de tais compostos e também a primeira observação de uma acilação realizada por um isolado marinho de Erythrobacter vulgaris.
The by-catch fauna of the shrimp fishery includes a number of marine invertebrates that are discarded because they do not have commercial value. In order to try to add some value to these materials, we analyzed the chemical composition of the starfish Luidia senegalensis collected in the Brazilian coast as a consequence of the trawling fishery method. In order to access their chemical composition, we used a combination of solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-IT-MSn). Luidia senegalensis contains asterosaponins, which are sulphated glycosilated steroids, containing five and six sugar moieties, in addition to polyhydroxysteroids. This study helped us to support the presence of important and potentially bioactive compounds in invertebrates associated to the by-catch fauna of the shrimp fishery, using a fast and efficient method. Typically discarded, by-catch contains many invertebrates that may host a great variety of bacterial genera, some of which may produce bioactive natural products with biotechnological applications. Therefore, to utilize by-catch that is usually discarded we explored the biotechnological potential of culturable bacteria of two abundant by-catch invertebrate species, the snail Olivancillaria urceus and the sea star Luidia senegalensis. Sediment from the collection area was also investigated. Utilizing multiple isolation approaches 134 isolates were obtained from the invertebrates and sediment. Small subunit rRNA (16S) gene sequencing revealed that the isolates belonged to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla and were distributed among 28 genera. Several genera known for their capacity to produce bioactive natural products (Micromonospora, Streptomyces, Serinicoccus and Verrucosispora) were retrieved from the invertebrate samples. To query the bacterial isolates for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites all strains were fermented and fermentation extracts profiled by LC-HRMS and tested for antimicrobial activity. Four strains exhibited antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus warneri. The production of secondary metabolites was assessed using a LC-HRMS-based metabolomics approach, where it was evaluated how differences in media composition can alter the production of chemical compounds. We used metabolomics as a tool to investigate the production of abyssomicins, an anticancer agent, and other secondary metabolites in three strains of the rare actinomycete Verrucosispora maris, all marine isolates from a sediment sample and associated to a starfish from the species Luidia senegalensis of Ubatuba – SP, Brazil. Nine different media compositions were evaluated and it was found that, among all strains, only RKMT_111 was capable of producing abyssomicins. The media composition study revealed that the production of abyssomicins was only achievable in BFM-11m. Although the three strains belong to the same species and the same location, it is worthwhile noticing that each isolate showed different capability for production of secondary metabolites. The products of fermentation of Erythrobacter vulgaris were evaluated using preparative HPLC, LC-HRMS and NMR techniques. Bacterial strain was isolated by drystamp method from a marine sediment sample from the coast of Ubatuba-SP, Brazil. After fully 16S rDNA sequence and identification, the marine isolate was fermented in large-scale, extracted and the compounds purified through HPLC-MS. Analysis of LC-HRMS and NMR of the isolated compounds led to the identification of two new cholic acid derivatives, 3- acetyl-glycocholic acid and 3-acetyl-glycodeoxycholic acid. Both new compounds may have been produced by the biotransformation of glycocholic acid and deoxycholic acid, respectively, already present in the cultivation medium. This is the first report of such compounds and also the first time an acylation has been observed for an Erythrobacter vulgaris marine isolate.
FAPESP: 2011/23159-0
Lira, Daysianne Pereira de. « Constituintes químicos e atividade biológica dos organismos marinhos : Caulerpa mexicana, Bryothamnion triquetrum, Hypnea musciformis e Ircinia felix ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6823.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Brazil is among the first 10 countries in the ranking of the world's biodiversity and to present one of the largest coastal areas in the tropical region of the world has awakened to the importance of marine products as a source of richness of our flora and as a source of unbeatable structural diversity of chemicals of various classes, able to build molecules of high structural complexity, with absolute chemo, regio and stereoselectivity constituents. Being aware that one of the most important aspects in bioprospeção flora and fauna is the knowledge about the chemical and pharmacological potential aquatic habitat found on the Brazilian coast in particular Paraiba coast, aimed to isolate and identify the chemical constitintes three species of algae : Caulerpa mexicana, Hypnea musiformis and Bryothamnion triquetrum; and a sponge: Ircnia felix, as well as evaluate their cytotoxic and antitumor activities, and partnerships to conduct assessment of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of these products. Thus, by standard chromatographic and spectroscopic methods IR, 1H NMR and 13C and uni-dimensional, GC-MS, MALDI-MS and compared with literature values was possible to isolate and identify seven substances: a steroid and β-Sitosterol caulerpina one alkaloid from Caulerpa mexicana; Saringosterol one steroid and barbiturate 2,4,6 (1H, 3H, 5H)-pirimidinatriona, 5-ethyl-5-phenyl of Hypnea musciformis; one cholest-4-en-3-one steroid and phthalate Di-isobutilftalato of Bryothamnion triquetrum; and a derivative of N - [(4E)-3-hydroxy-1 - {[(sodiooxi) sulfonyl] oxy} non-2-en-4-yl] dotriacontanamida of Ircinia felix, first reported in the literature. The methanol extracts of Hypenea musciformis and Bryothamnion triquetrum showed high and low cytotoxicity, respectively, when evaluated their cytotoxicity in erythrocytes of Swiss mice. However, these same extracts did not exhibit cytotoxic activity against tumor cells of Ehrlich Ascitic. And so, through partnerships held was observed that extracts of Caulerpa mexicana and Bryothamnion triquetrum showed significant results in different models of inflammation and the bis-indole alkaloid, the major substance of Caulerpa mexicana in tumor models of inflammation and espamolítica activity showed significaivos results.
O Brasil encontra-se entre os 10 primeiros países no ranking da biodiversidade mundial e por apresentar uma das maiores áreas costeiras na região tropical do planeta, tem despertado para a importância dos produtos marinhos como fonte da riqueza da nossa flora e, como fonte inigualável de diversidade estrutural de constituintes químicos das mais variadas classes, capazes de construir moléculas de alta complexidade estrutural, com absoluta quimio, regio e estereosseletividade. Tendo consciência de que um dos aspectos de maior importância na bioprospeção da fauna e flora é o conhecimento sobre o potencial químico-farmacológico encontrado no habitat aquático do litoral brasileiro em especial do litoral paraibano, objetivou isolar e identificar os constitintes químicos de três espécies de algas: Caulerpa mexicana, Hypnea musiformis e Bryothamnion triquetrum; e uma esponja: Ircnia felix, bem como, avaliar suas atividades citotóxicas e antitumoral, além de realizar parcerias para avaliação das atividades antinociceptivas e anti-inflamatórias destes produtos. Logo, através de métodos cromatográficos usuais e técnicas espectroscópicas de IV, RMN de 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais, CG-EM, EM-MALDI e comparação com valores da literatura, foi possível isolar e identificar sete substâncias: um esteroide β-Sitosterol e um alcaloide caulerpina de Caulerpa mexicana; um esteroide Saringosterol e um barbitúrico 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)- pirimidinatriona, 5-etil-5-fenil de Hypnea musciformis; um esteroide Colest-4-en-3-ona e um ftalato Di-isobutilftalato de Bryothamnion triquetrum; e um derivado de ácido N-[(4E)-3- hidroxi-1-{[(sodiooxi)sulfonil]oxi}non-4-en-2-il]dotriacontanamida de Ircinia felix, relatado pela primeira vez na literatura. Os extratos metanólicos de Hypenea musciformis e Bryothamnion triquetrum apresentaram alta e baixa citotoxicidade, respectivamente, quando avaliados a sua citotoxicidade em eritrócitos de camundongos Swiss. Entretanto, estes mesmos extratos não apresentam atividade citotóxica frente a células de Tumor Ascítico de Ehrlich. E assim, através das parcerias realizadas foi possível observar que os extratos de Caulerpa mexicana e Bryothamnion triquetrum apresentaram resultados significativos em diferentes modelos de inflamação e que o alcaloide bis-indólico, substância majoritária de Caulerpa mexicana em modelos tumorais, de inflamação e atividade espamolítica apresentou resultados significaivos.
Guerra, Daniela Filipa Andrade. « Novos quimioterápicos obtidos a partir de organismos marinhos ». Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5326.
Texte intégralO ecossistema marinho é uma fonte de grande biodiversidade. Assim sendo, desde meados do século XX, tornou-se um relevante campo de estudo para muitos investigadores. A exploração do meio aquático permitiu a obtenção de compostos de origem marinha que atuam nas mais variadas áreas tais como antivirais, antineoplásicos e antibacterianos. No entanto, nem todos se encontram comercializados devido à falta de resultados que permitam a sua aprovação. A grande maioria destes produtos está ainda em fase de estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos, apresentando, no entanto, propriedades bastante promissoras. O cancro é uma doença com grande incidência a nível mundial levando a que a descoberta de novos compostos com propriedades antineoplásicas seja alvo de investigação preferencial. Neste momento, já se encontram aprovados três fármacos derivados de organismos marinhos para o tratamento de vários tipos de cancro, e muitas outras moléculas encontram-se repartidas nas diferentes fases de estudo pré-comercialização. Este trabalho consiste numa revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema “novos quimioterápicos obtidos de organismos marinhos”, com especial incidência nos compostos antineoplásicos.
The marine ecosystem is a source of great biodiversity. Therefore, since the mid of the 20th century, it became a relevant field of study for many researchers. Exploring the aquatic environment provides different compounds of marine origin that can act in several areas such as antiviral, anticancer and antibacterial. Not all have the requirements to be commercialized mainly because there are still insufficient results to support their efficiency. The majority of these products are under study in clinical and preclinical trials presenting, however, very promising properties. Cancer is a high incidence worldwide disease that has led to the discovery of new compounds with antineoplastic properties that are the subject of prime research. At the moment, there are three drugs derived from marine organisms approved for several cancer treatments with a significant possibility of effective results of many others that are currently under different phases of the premarketing study. This work consists in a literature review of the topic "new chemotherapy obtained from marine organisms", with a particular focus on anticancer compounds.
Lima, Bruna de Araujo 1985. « Analise da atividade antimicrobiana de frações purificadas e extratos de invertebrados e microorganismos marinhos sobre Streptococcus mutans e influencia sobre seus principais fatores de virulencia ». [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288576.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Streptococcus mutans é o principal agente etiológico da cárie dental. A busca por novos agentes antimicrobianos naturais capazes de inibir os principais mecanismos de virulência de S. mutans, como a síntese e tolerância a ácidos e a formação de biofilme dental pode representar uma importante estratégia de prevenção e tratamento desta infecção. Estudos recentes confirmaram que produtos naturais de origem marinha possuem significativa atividade antimicrobiana contra microrganismos patogênicos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos ou frações purificadas obtidos a partir de invertebrados e microrganismos marinhos associados sobre S. mutans e outros estreptococos orais como S. sobrinus e S. sanguinis, pela determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM). Adicionalmente, avaliamos a influência de extratos e/ou frações ativas sobre a formação de biofilme e sobre a expressão dos genes associados aos principais fatores de virulência de S. mutans UA159 e um isolado clínico da espécie. Foram analisados genes associados com a capacidade de formação de biofilme (gtf B/C, gbpB), com a síntese de ácidos (ldh) e com tolerância ao estresse ácido (dnaK, groEL, ATPase). De 768 frações/extratos testados cerca de 10% inibiram de 50% a 100% do crescimento microbiano de estreptococos orais (com CIM e CBM inferiores a 500 ìg/mL). Dentre os extratos e frações utilizadas, foram selecionados um extrato (DR(M3)6) e duas frações purificadas (PcS2d e DR-MSP- 10d-P3) com atividade antimicrobiana e CIM/CBM inferiores a 125 µg/ml sobre S. mutans, para avaliação da atividade sobre fatores de virulência da espécie. Nas concentrações 7ìg/mL, 31ìg/mL e 62ìg/mL, as frações PcS2d, DR-MSP-10d-P3 e o extrato DR(M3)6, respectivamente, inibiram a formação do biofilme sem interferir no crescimento planctônico das duas cepas analisadas, em adição o tratamento com os respectivos antimicrobianos, nestas mesmas concentrações por 30 minutos, resultou principalmente na redução da expressão dos genes gtfB, gbpB, dnaK e ATPase em proporções diferentes para as cepas S. mutans UA 159 e o isolado clinico. Em conclusão, as substâncias avaliadas, principalmente as frações purificadas podem futuramente ser empregadas como potenciais anticariogênicos/cariostáticos, entretanto mais estudos serão necessários para tal aplicabilidade.
Abstract: Streptococcus mutans are the principal etiologic agent of dental caries. The search for new natural antimicrobial agents capable of inhibiting the mechanisms of virulence of S. mutans, as synthesis and tolerance to acid and dental biofilm formation may represent an important strategy for prevention and treatment of this infection. Recent studies have confirmed that natural products of marine origin have significant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts or purified fractions obtained from marine invertebrates and microorganisms associated on S. mutans and other oral streptococci such as S. sobrinus and S. sanguinis by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Additionally, we evaluated the influence of extracts and / or active fractions on the formation of biofilm and the expression of genes associated with virulence factors of S. mutans UA159 and a S. mutans clinical isolate. We analyzed genes associated with the capacity of biofilm formation (gtfB/C, gbpB), acids synthesis (ldh) and acid stress tolerance (dnaK, GroEL, ATPase). 768 fractions / extracts was tested and about 10% inhibited by 50% to 100% of the microbial growth of oral streptococci (MIC and MBC with less than 500ìg/mL). Among the extracts and fractions used were selected an extract (DR (M3) 6) and two purified fractions (PcS2d and DR-MSP-10d-P3) with antimicrobial activity and MIC / MBC less than 125ìg/mL on S. mutans, to evaluate the activity of virulence factors. At concentrations 7ìg/mL, 31ìg/mL e 62ìg/mL, the fractions PcS2d, DRMSP- 10d-P3 and extract DR (M3) 6, respectively, inhibited the formation of biofilms without interfering with planktonic growth the two strains examined, in addition to treatment with the antimicrobial agents, these same concentrations for 30 minutes, resulted in reducing the expression of genes gtfB, gbpB, dnaK ATPase in different proportions for the strains S. mutans UA159 and clinical isolate. In conclusion, substances evaluated, especially the purified fractions can further be used as anticariogenic / cariostatic potential; however, more studies are needed for this application.
Mestrado
Microbiologia e Imunologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Oliveira, Julieta Rangel de. « ContribuiÃÃo ao Conhecimento QuÃmico de Esponjas do Litoral Cearense : Monanchora arbuscula ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4710.
Texte intégralMonanchora arbuscula (DUCHASSAING & MICHELOTTI, 1864) (Crambeidae) à uma esponja incrustante, maciÃa ou ramificada com atà 15 cm de altura. Cor, variando de salmÃo a vermelho vivo ou rosa claro, provida de canais esbranquiÃados conspÃcuos. Estudos anteriores de M. arbuscula levaram a obtenÃÃo de alguns alcalÃides guanidÃnicos policÃclicos; ptilocaulina, 8b-hidroxiptilocaulina, dehidrobatzelladina C, crambescidina 800 e isoptilocaulina. Neste trabalho, o extrato hidroalcoÃlico da esponja M. arbuscula, coletada no Parque Estadual Marinho âPedra da Risca do Meioâ, na costa Fortalezense, foi particionado com CH2Cl2/H2O (3:1) fornecendo assim o extrato bruto, o qual foi submetido a uma partiÃÃo lÃquido-lÃquido utilizando os solventes Ãter de petrÃleo, diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanol. Sucessivas cromatografias em gel de sÃlica, SEPHADEX LH-20 e/ou HPLC das fraÃÃes diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanol levaram ao isolamento dos alcalÃides guanidÃnicos mirabilina B, 8b-hidroxiptilocaulina, ptilocaulina, 1,8a;8b,3a-desidro-8βâhidroxiptilocaulina, 1,8a;8b,3a-desidro-8α-hidroxiptilocaulina, 3,3a;8b,8a-desidro-8-hidroxiptilocaulina. Mirabilina B, 1,8a;8b,3aesidro- 8βâhidroxiptilocaulina e 1,8a;8b,3a-desidro-8α-hidroxiptilocaulina estÃo sendo citados pela primeira vez para a espÃcie e 3,3a;8b,8a-desidro-8-hidroxiptilocaulina, no melhor do nosso conhecimento, à inÃdito na literatura. Ensaios para a avaliaÃÃo da atividade citotÃxica frente as linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais cÃlon (HCT-8), melanona (MADMB-435), leucemia (HL-60) e glioblatoma (SF-295), indicaram atividade para o extrato bruto, fraÃÃes e os compostos isolados ptilocaulina e 8b-hidroxiptilocaulina. O alcalÃide 8b-hidroxiptilocaulina mostrou-se ativo aos fungos Microsporum canis e Trichophyton rubrum, enquanto ptilocaulina ao Microsporum canis. Mirabilina B mostrou atividade leishmanicida frente a Leishmania chagasi e amazonesis. As estruturas das substÃncias isoladas foram elucidadas atravÃs de mÃtodos espectroscÃpicos, principalmente RMN, incluindo seqÃÃncias de pulsos uni e bidimensionais e comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura.
Monanchora arbuscula (DUCHASSAING & MICHELOTTI, 1864) (Crambeidae) is an incrustant sponge, massive or branched with 15 cm high. Its color ranges from salmon to bright red or light pink with white conspicuous channels. Previous studies of M. arbuscula led to the isolation of some polycyclic guanidine alkaloids; ptilocaulin, 8bhydroxyptilocaulin, dehydrobatzelladine C, crambescidin 800 and isoptilocaulin. In this work, the hydroethanol extract from M. arbuscula collected at â Pedra da Risca do Meioâ Marine State Park, in Fortaleza coast zone was partitioned with CH2Cl2/H2O (3:1) affording the crude extract which was submitted to liquid-liquid partition using petroleumether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol as the solvents. Successive chromatograghy over silica gel, SEPHADEX LH-20 and/or HPLC of all solvent fractions led to the isolation of the guanidine alkaloids: mirabilin B, 8bβ-hydroxyptilocaulin, ptilocaulin, 1,8a;8b,3a-didehydro-8βâhydroxyptilocaulin, 1,8a;8b,3a-didehydro-8α-hydroxyptilocaulin, 3,3a;8b,8a-didehydro-8-hydroxyptilocaulin. Mirabilin B, 1,8a;8b,3adidehydro- 8βâhydroxyptilocaulin, 1,8a;8b,3a-didehydro-8α-hydroxyptilocaulin are reported for the first time for the species while 3,3a;8b,8a-didehydro-8-hydroxyptilocaulin has not being reported in the literature yet. Pharmacological assays revealed weak citotoxic activity against 4 cancer cell lines: HCT-8 (human colon carcinoma), MADMB-435 (melanoma), HL-60 (human leukemia) and SF-295 (glioblastoma). The assays indicated activity for the crude extract, several fractions and the isolated compounds ptilocaulin and 8bβ-hydroxyptilocaulin. The alkaloid 8b-hydroxyptilocaulin indicated antifungal activity against Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum, while ptilocaulin against Microsporum canis, Mirabilin B antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania chagasi and amazonesis. Structure elucidation of the isolated substances was performed through spectroscopic methods, mainly NMR, including uni and bidimensional pulses sequences, and comparison with data from literature.
Tangerina, Marcelo Marucci Pereira. « Fauna acompanhante : um universo químico a ser explorado / ». Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141489.
Texte intégralBanca: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
Banca: Hosana Maria Debonsi
Banca: Luis Octavio Regasini
Banca: Letícia Veras Costa Lotufo
Resumo: A fauna acompanhante da pesca do camarão inclui uma série de invertebrados marinhos que são descartados por não ter valor comercial. A fim de tentar acrescentar algum valor a este material, foi analisada a composição química da estrela-do-mar Luidia senegalensis coletada na costa brasileira como consequência da aplicação da pesca de arrasto. A fim de avaliar sua composição química, foi utilizada uma combinação de extração em fase sólida (SPE) seguida de cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas equipado com fonte de ionização por eletrosptray e analisador ion-trap linear (UPLCESI- IT-MSn). Luidia senegalensis contém asterosaponinas, que são esteroides glicosilados sulfatados contendo cinco e seis unidades de açúcar, além de poliidroxiesteroides. Este estudo mostrou a presença de compostos importantes e potencialmente bioativos em invertebrados associados à fauna acompanhante da pesca do camarão, usando um método rápido e eficiente. Normalmente descartada, a fauna acompanhante contém muitos invertebrados que podem hospedar uma grande variedade de gêneros de bactérias, algumas das quais com potencial de produzir produtos naturais bioativos com aplicações biotecnológicas. Assim, para utilizar um material normalmente descartado, foi explorado o potencial biotecnológico de bactérias cultiváveis de duas espécies de invertebrados abundantes na fauna acompanhante, o gastrópode Olivancillaria urceus e a estrela-do-mar Luidia senegalen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The by-catch fauna of the shrimp fishery includes a number of marine invertebrates that are discarded because they do not have commercial value. In order to try to add some value to these materials, we analyzed the chemical composition of the starfish Luidia senegalensis collected in the Brazilian coast as a consequence of the trawling fishery method. In order to access their chemical composition, we used a combination of solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-IT-MSn). Luidia senegalensis contains asterosaponins, which are sulphated glycosilated steroids, containing five and six sugar moieties, in addition to polyhydroxysteroids. This study helped us to support the presence of important and potentially bioactive compounds in invertebrates associated to the by-catch fauna of the shrimp fishery, using a fast and efficient method. Typically discarded, by-catch contains many invertebrates that may host a great variety of bacterial genera, some of which may produce bioactive natural products with biotechnological applications. Therefore, to utilize by-catch that is usually discarded we explored the biotechnological potential of culturable bacteria of two abundant by-catch invertebrate species, the snail Olivancillaria urceus and the sea star Luidia senegalensis. Sediment from the collection area was also investigated. Utilizing multiple isolation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Alves, Luís Filipe Feio. « Os organismos marinhos como fonte de compostos bioativos ». Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4850.
Texte intégralA exploração dos organismos marinhos começou em meados do século XX pela Industria Farmacêutica e as Universidades, mas é no século XXI que atinge o seu expoente máximo na pesquisa de novos organismos como fonte de compostos bioativos, onde as Empresas de Biotecnologias dão um importante contributo. Se essas pesquisas inicialmente se basearam em organismos marinhos como fonte de compostos bioativos com potencial farmacológico, com o evoluir das pesquisas foi possível perceber que estes organismos possuíam também um potencial cosmético, cosmecêutico e nutracêutico. Neste trabalho, através da revisão bibliográfica, pode constatar-se que as algas marinhas, os moluscos, as esponjas e as ascídias apresentam o maior potencial de novas moléculas e metabolitos secundários, muito importantes no tratamento de várias patologias como o cancro, o herpes, a SIDA e no tratamento da dor. Os produtos cosmecêuticos e de cosmética têm como objetivo, a prevenção e o tratamento dermatológico através de compostos antioxidantes, hidratantes e anti idade. Já os produtos nutracêuticos e suplementos alimentares são importantes na dieta alimentar quotidiana dos seres humanos, na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares através da ingestão de alimentos funcionais que não só previnem doenças como são uma fonte de saúde e bem-estar. The harvesting of marine organisms begains in mid-twentieth century with the Pharmaceutical Industry and Universities to lead, but it is in the twenty-first century that reaches its peak in search of new organisms as a source of bioactive compounds, where Biotechnology Companies make an important contribute. If these surveys are based initially on the research of marine organisms as a source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological potential for the evolution of the research it was revealed that these organisms also have cosmetic, cosmoceutical and nutraceutical potential. In this paper, through literature review, it can be seen that the seaweeds, clams, sponges and sea squirts have the greatest potential for new molecules and secondary metabolites, important in treating various diseases such, herpes and AIDS, and for the treatment of pain. Cosmeceuticals and cosmetic products aim, the prevention and dermatological treatment by antioxidants, moisturizers and anti-aging. Already nutraceuticals and dietary supplements are important in the daily diet of humans, in the prevention of cardiovascular disease through ingestion of functional foods that not only prevent disease as they are a source of health and well-being.
Galizoni, Bárbara Boretti. « Produtos naturais de micro-organismos marinhos : estudo químico e biológico de fungos endofíticos associados à alga vermelha Bostrychia radicans ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-17042015-102741/.
Texte intégralThe marine environment has been recognized as an important source of biologically active secondary metabolites. In this context, endophytic fungi associated with algae gained importance in recent decades, as alternative to natural products research targets. The present work had as goal the chemical and biological study of two strains of endophytic fungi associated with red algae Bostrychia radicans. The chemical and biological screening (antimicrobial and antitumor activity) of the crude extracts of two selected strains, M20 (Hypocrea lixii) and M23 (Eutypella sp), were obtained from pilot-scale cultivation, by means of culture media and growth period variation. The M20 strain extract, grown in rice, showed an interesting cytotoxic potential front HCT -116 tumor cells and after chemical analysis, this strain was selected for cultivation on a large scale, with the purpose of secondary metabolites isolation. Chemical studies of M20 species strain Hypocrea lixii, performed on an enlarged scale, afforded the isolation and identification of four metabolites: 3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6- methyl-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid (S1), 3,7 dimethoxy-6-methyl-1-oxo- 1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-4-carbaldehyde (S3), galactitol (S4), convolvulol (S5), in addition the isolation of two metabolites which have not yet been fully elucidated, S2 and S6. The S1 and S3 metabolites are novel metabolites as natural products. Furthermore, it was possible to identify 14 compounds by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including hydrocarbons, fatty acids, besides unsaturated ones, aldehydes, ?,?-unsaturated aldehydes and steroid. The S1 and S4 compounds were subjected to biological activity evaluation (antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and acetylcholinesterase potential), but without any positive result. Assessment of tumor activity of fractions of the M20 strain was performed, and the M20F and M20H fractions showed selective cytotoxicity to tumor cell lines. In a second step, the M23 strain (Eutypella sp) was grown on a large scale, resulting in the R-5-metilmeleina (S7) isolation. Thus, the chemical study of endophytic fungi associated to Bostrychia radicans algae proved to be promising concerning the search for new chemical compounds discovery, since it yielded two new structures as natural products.
Pereira, Gerson Rodrigues Raggi [UNESP]. « Componentes químicos do extrato hidroalcoólico de Bunodossoma Caissarum ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148995.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Organismos marinhos são importantes fontes de novos produtos naturais e compostos bioativos com funções variadas. Entre as principais fontes de novas moléculas esta o filo dos Cnidários, com uma importante contribuição no numero de compostos descritos nos últimos anos. Bunodossoma caissarum é uma espécie de anêmona endêmica do Brasil, cujo perfil químico foi analisado. Para essa análise foram realizados uma extração hidroalcoólica e o isolamento de determinadas moléculas com técnicas cromatográficas. Os compostos isolados foram aqueles que apresentaram absorbância no comprimento de onda no UV em 310 nm e foram identificados a partir de técnicas de espectrometria de massas e ressonância magnética. Entre as substâncias encontradas estão sais piridinicos, núcleos imidazóis, caissarona e a etilglicose, moléculas com importantes papeis fisiológicos.
Marine organisms are importante sources of new natural products and bioactive compounds with various functions. The phylum Cnidaria is among the main sources of new molecules, with na importante contribution to the number of compounds described in the last years. The anemone species Bunodossoma caissarum is endemic to Brazil and had it's chemical profile analyzed. For the purpose of this analysis were done a hydroalcoolic extraction and the isolation of certain molecules by chomatographic techniques. The isolated compounds were those that displayed absorbance in the 310nm wavelength of the UV spectrum and were identified on the basis of mass spectrometry and magnetic ressonance. Among the substances found are pyridinic salts, imidazole nucleus, caissarone and ethyl glucose, which are molecules with important physiological roles.
Ferreira, Bruno Ricardo Vilachã. « Estudos visando a uma nova abordagem para a sintese total da (+)-Napalilactona, um sesquiterpeno halogenado isolado de fonte marinha ». [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250228.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Napalilactona e Patilactona A são dois sesquiterpenóides espirolactônicos isolados de fontes marinhas. Esses sesquiterpenos, biogeneticamente derivados de um esqueleto carbônico do tipo aristoleno, apresentam em suas estruturas quatro centros estereogênicos contínuos e diferem apenas na substituição do heteroátomo (Cl versus OH) vizinho à unidade espiro g-butirolactônica. Como parte de um programa de pesquisa direcionado à síntese de alguns produtos naturais, descrevemos, nesse trabalho, um estudo focado no desenvolvimento de um método direto, que permitiria a preparação de um alceno funcionalizado, opticamente ativo. Esse intermediário pode ser usado para a síntese assimétrica dos dois sesquiterpenos. Devido ao elevado custo da (S)-(-)-pulegona, iniciamos esse trabalho com a (R)-(+)-pulegona, como um sistema modelo. O nosso objetivo principal era estabelecer uma estratégia sintética que mais tarde pudesse ser extrapolada para a síntese dos sesquiterpenos citados. Baseado nos dados anteriormente descritos pelo nosso laboratório para a síntese racêmica da Patilactona A, realizamos uma seqüência de reações na tentativa de se formar esse alceno funcionalizado. De acordo com a rota sintética partindo da (R)-(+)-pulegona, o intermediário seleneto foi preparado em 9 etapas com um rendimento global de 12%. Em vista do sucesso na síntese de intermediários avançados a partir da (R)-(+)-pulegona, esta mesma sequência sintética pôde ser usada na síntese assimétrica da (+)-Napalilactona, usando como material de partida a (S)-(-)-pulegona
Abstract: Napalilactone and Pathylactone A are two sesquiterpenoids spirolactones isolated from marine corals. These sesquiterpenes, biogenetically derivable from an aristolene carbon skeleton, show in their structures four contiguous stereocenters and differ only in the nature of heteroatom substituent (Cl versus OH) adjacent to the spirolactone ring junction. As part of a research program directed toward the total synthesis of some marine natural products, we describe in this work a study focused on the development of a straightforward method, which would allow the preparation of an optically active functionalized alkene. This key intermediate could be used for the asymmetric synthesis of both sesquiterpenes. Owing to the high cost of (S)-pulegone, we began this work using (R)-pulegone as a model system. Our aim was to establish a synthetic strategy that later could be surpassed for the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes cited. Based on data previously described from our laboratory for the racemic synthesis of Pathylactone-A, we carried out a sequence of reactions in an attempt to form the functionalized alkene. According to the synthetic route from (R)-(+)-pulegone, the intermediate selenide was prepared in 9 steps with overall yield of 13%. In view of the success in the synthesis of advanced intermediates from (R)-pulegone, this same synthetic sequence could be used for the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-Napalilactone, using as starting material the (S)-(-)-pulegone
Mestrado
Quimica Organica
Mestre em Química
Felício, Rafael de. « Produtos naturais marinhos : identificação de metabólitos fenólicos halogenados na macroalga Bostrychia tenella (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) e potencial biológico de micro-organismos endofíticos associados ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-27112013-110828/.
Texte intégralThe marine environment appears as an important natural source due to its fantastic organic diversity, which practically remains unexplored. Chemical and biological approaches concerning marine organism, currently, represent an ample and promising research area, since there are a constant metabolite discovery with a variety of medicinal properties, besides the limitless metabolic armory. Red seaweeds, with distinction for the Rhodomelaceae family, are exempt of halogenated metabolites producers which are attributed important biological activities. Marine and/or endophytic microorganisms are pointed as the most promising targets with respect to discovery of new pharmaceuticals. In this context, the present work describes the secondary metabolites identification from seaweed Bostrychia tenella (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta), as well as the biological potential of associated endophytic microorganisms. The chemical study of B. tenella species collected in the rocky shore of Praia de Fortaleza (Ubatuba-SP) provided the identification, by means of GC-MS analyses (acetate fraction), of 63 metabolites, which 39 consisted of nonpolar substances containing a long carbonic chains (fatty acids, esters, steroids, amongst others) and 24 were phenolic compounds, including 17 chlorinated, bromated and iodized halophenols. Related to these 24 substances, until the present moment, three are unknown, nine are unknown as natural products, four are unknown in seaweeds and six are unknown in the Bostrychia genus. Additionally, 45 endophytic microorganism strains had been isolated from B. tenella, from which 10 were cultivated in solid rice medium, providing several crude extracts and fractions. Although the B. tenella fractions did not show biological potential, extracts and fractions from endophytic microorganism associates to this species presented biological activity in all of evaluated assays: cytotoxicity using tumor cells HL-60, HCT-8 and SF-295, antifungal in Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum, antibacterial using Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and mast cell degranulation inhibition using RBL-2H3 cells. The present work contributed for the secondary metabolism knowledge increase regarding Bostrychia tenella species, and demonstrated the endophytic microorganism biological potential, attributing to this species chemical and microbiological relevance for the marine natural products research.
Martins, Mariana Provedel. « Resolução cinética de haloidrinas racêmicas com a lipase B de Candida antarctica e biotransformação de produtos naturais por micro-organismos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-20032013-101611/.
Texte intégralIn this work we performed kinetic resolutions of the racemic halohydrins (RS)-1-benzyloxy-3-chloropropan-2-ol (4a), (RS)-1-benzyloxy-3-bromopropan-2-ol (4b), (RS)-1-chloro-3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propan-2-ol (5a), (RS)-1-bromo-3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propan-2-ol (5b), (RS)-1-allyloxy-3-chloro-propan-2-ol (6a) and (RS)-1-allyloxy-3-bromo-propan-2-ol (6b) using the lipase from Candida antarctica CALB as catalyst and vinyl acetate as acylating agent. The enantiomeric ratios of the kinetic resolutions were determined in order to evaluate the influence of the halogen substituents present in halohydrins in the efficiency of the kinetic resolutions of these substrates. The enantiomeric ratio values obtained were: E = 5.6, 4a; E = 4.3, 4b; E = 98, 5a; E = 6.6, 5b; E = 20, 6a; E = 5.8, 6b. Thus, only the kinetic resolutions of the chlorohydrins 5a and 6a showed characteristic values of E of efficient resolutions, providing the products (R)-1-chloro-3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propan-2-ol 5a with 46% yield and ee = 40%; (S)-1-chloro-3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate 8a with 40% yield and ee = 97%; (R)-1-allyloxy-3-chloro-propan-2-ol (R)-6a with 45% yield and ee = 72% and (S)-1-allyloxy-3-chloro-propan-2-yl acetate (S)-9a with 41% yield and ee = 81%. We also performed a screening with the marine fungi Bostryospharia sp. Br09, Eutypella sp. Br23, Hidropisphaera sp. Br27, Xylaria sp. Br61, Aspergillus sydowii Ce19, Aspergillus sydowii Ce15, Penicillium raistriicki Ce16, Penicillium oxalicum F30 and Penicillium citrinum F53 using the natural products ambrox, sclareol and sclareolide in order to select the microorganisms capable of promoting bio-oxidation reactions of these substrates. The hydroxylated metabolites obtained from the biotransformation reactions were: 3β-hydroxy-ambrox 10a (17% and 11% yield with Br09 and Br23, respectively); 1β-hydroxy-ambrox 10b (14% yield with Ce19); 3β-hydroxy-sclareol 11a (31%, 69% and 55% yield with Br61, Br23 and Br09, respectively); 18-hydroxy-sclareol 11b (10% yield with Br61); 3β-hydroxy-sclareolide 12a (34% and 7% yields with Br09 Br23, respectively). We also performed a study employing three liquid culture media (synthetic, YM and PDB media) for the biotransformation reaction of sclareol 11 into ambradiol 13 using Hyphozyma roseonigra as catalyst. The reaction with the liquid culture media PDB showed the best results, with a high efficiency in the conversion of the substrate into the desired product, which was obtained in 82% yield. This reaction was also performed using a fermentation process conducted in a bioreactor, with good results, however with the disadvantage of the high cost of culture media PDB, which hinders the performance of this large-scale fermentation.
Alencar, Daniel Barroso de. « ProspecÃÃo quÃmica da macroalga marinha verde Ulva fasciata Delile ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6565.
Texte intégralFundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
As macroalgas marinhas sÃo consideradas fontes promissoras de compostos bioativos para estudos fitoquÃmicos. Tais compostos possuem diferentes propriedades biolÃgicas, funcionando como antibacterianos, antifÃngicos, antivirais, anti-inflamatÃrios, anti-helmÃnticos, antileishmaniose, antimalÃria, antioxidantes, antitumorais cuja utilizaÃÃo como fÃrmacos tem despertado o interesse de muitos pesquisadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a investigaÃÃo fitoquÃmica do extrato etanÃlico da macroalga marinha verde Ulva fasciata. O material foi coletado em abril de 2008, na Praia do Pacheco, no municÃpio de Caucaia-CE. As macroalgas in natura foram desidratadas em estufa com recirculaÃÃo de ar a 40ÂC por 15 horas e, em seguida, trituradas, obtendo-se 500 g, os quais foram submetidos primeiramente a uma extraÃÃo a frio com hexano (UFH), e posteriormente com etanol a 70% (UFE). Para o isolamento e a purificaÃÃo dos constituintes fixos foi empregada uma combinaÃÃo de tÃcnicas cromatogrÃficas clÃssicas em que foram isolados UF-1, UF-2 e UF-3. Na amostra UF-1 foi observada a presenÃa de um constituinte majoritÃrio (86,17%) com tempo de retenÃÃo de 24,940 min, cujo espectro de massas o caracterizou por apresentar o Ãon molecular M+ 284. A sugestÃo fornecida pela anÃlise CG-EM e a comparaÃÃo visual do espectro do composto analisado com os da literatura, bem como pela proposta mecanÃstica de formaÃÃo dos principais fragmentos reforÃaram sua identificaÃÃo como hexadecanoato de etila com um Ãndice de similaridade de 96%. Os compostos UF-2 e UF-3 foram encaminhados para o Centro Nordestino de AplicaÃÃo e Uso da RessonÃncia MagnÃtica Nuclear (CENAUREMN) da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, para a determinaÃÃo sua estrutura quÃmica atravÃs de tÃcnicas espectroscÃpicas de RMN 1H e 13C uni- e bidimensionais (1H, 1H-COSY, gs-HMQC, gs-HMBC, ROESY, NOESY e TOCSY), bem como por espectrometria de massa (EM).
Marine macroalgae have been considered promising sources of bioactive compounds. These compounds exhibit different biological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antihelminthic, antileshmaniose, antimalaria, antioxidants, and antitumor. Their use as medicine has spurred the interest of many researches. The objective of this work was to carry out a phytochemistry investigation of the ethanolic extract of green marine macroalga Ulva fasciata. The plant material was collected in April 2008 at Pacheco Beach, Caucaia-CE. Macroalgae in natura were dehydrated in an air-circulation oven at 40ÂC for 15 hours. After the drying process, the material was cut into small pieces. 500 grams were submitted to a cold extraction with hexane (UFH) followed by an extraction with 70% ethanol (UFE). Both isolation and purification from fixed constituents were performed using a combination of classic chromatographic techniques. Three samples were isolated and named UF-1, UF-2 and UF-3. The presence of a major constituent (86.17%) with retention time of 24.940 min was observed in the first sample (UF-1), and its mass spectrum was characterized by the molecular ion M+ 284. The GC-MS analysis suggestion and the comparison of its spectrum with literature reinforce its identification as ethyl hexadecanoate with a similarity index of 96%. Compounds UF-2 and UF-3 have been taken to the Northeastern Center of Application and Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CENAUREMN) of Federal University of Ceara, to determine the chemical structure by spectroscopy techniques such as uni- and bidimensional (1H, 1H-COSY, gs-HMQC, gs-HMBC, ROESY, NOESY and TOCSY) 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, as well as mass spectrometry (MS).
Honório, Alana Evangelista. « Avaliação química e biológica de fungos endofíticos associados as algas marinhas Acanthophora spicifera, Dichotomaria marginata e Sargassum vulgare / ». Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180427.
Texte intégralCoorientador: Alan Cesar Pilon
Banca: Kelly Johana Dussan Medina
Banca: Lidiane Gaspareto Felippe
Banca: Ana Helena Januário
Banca: Paula Christine Jimenez
Resumo: A química de produtos naturais é uma estratégia de grande sucesso na descoberta de compostos bioativos para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Neste contexto destacam-se os estudos com plantas, micro-organismos, e mais recentemente organismos marinhos. Avanços recentes nos estudos com algas marinhas e de seus fungos associados, com destaque para os fungos endofíticos, revelaram bioatividades relevantes, como anti-inflamatória, antioxidante antimicrobiana e antitumoral, além de estruturas químicas diversificadas, incluindo compostos halogenados. Este trabalho explorou o potencial químico e biológico dos endófitos associados às algas A. spicifera, D. marginata e S. vulgare, permitindo o isolamento de 40 linhagens fúngicas e a identificação de doze gêneros e espécies por taxonomia molecular e morfológica. Após isolados, preservados e cultivados no meio líquido extrato de Malte preparado com água do mar ou água ultra pura, foram obtidos os extratos brutos em acetato de etila, que foram avaliados quanto ao perfil químico por RMN de 1H, CLAEDAD, CG-EM e CL-EM, além de triagem biológica em ensaios antimicrobianos contra linhagens de bactérias super-resistentes e formadoras de biofilme, Doença de Chagas, Leishmaniose, bem como em ensaio anticolinesterásico, de inibição da atividade de protease de veneno de serpente e citotóxico frente as linhagens tumorais HCT-116 e MTT. A análise química permitiu a identificação de 78 compostos por CG-EM e 26 por CL-EM. A avaliação biológica dos e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The chemistry of natural products is a highly successful strategy in the discovery of bioactive compounds for the development of new drugs. In this context studies with plants, microorganisms and more recently marine organisms stand out. Recent advances in marine algae studies, along with studies on their associated fungi, with emphasis on endophytic fungi, disclosed relevant bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial,antitumor and antioxidant, as well as strong chemodiversity, including halogenated compounds. This work explored the chemical and biological potential of endophytes associated to marine algae A. spicifera, D. marginata and S. vulgare andled to the identification of twelve endophytic fungal strains by molecular and morphological taxonomy. After isolation, preservation and cultivation in Malte liquid medium prepared with sea water or ultra pure water, crude extracts were obtained in ethyl acetate, and were evaluated for their chemical profile by 1H NMR, HPLC-DAD, GC-MS and LC-MS, in addition to biological screening against multi-resistant bacterial strains and biofilm-forming bacteria, against Chagas disease, Leishmaniasis, as well as anti-cholinesterase assay, inhibition of snake venom protease activity and cytotoxic activity against human colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-116). Chemical analyses led to the identification of 78 compounds by GC-MS and 26 by LC-MS. Biological evaluation of crude extracts and fractions disclosed a high rate of bioactive samples,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Alencar, Daniel Barroso de. « Prospecção química da macroalga marinha verde Ulva fasciata Delile ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1126.
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Marine macroalgae have been considered promising sources of bioactive compounds. These compounds exhibit different biological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antihelminthic, antileshmaniose, antimalaria, antioxidants, and antitumor. Their use as medicine has spurred the interest of many researches. The objective of this work was to carry out a phytochemistry investigation of the ethanolic extract of green marine macroalga Ulva fasciata. The plant material was collected in April 2008 at Pacheco Beach, Caucaia-CE. Macroalgae in natura were dehydrated in an air-circulation oven at 40°C for 15 hours. After the drying process, the material was cut into small pieces. 500 grams were submitted to a cold extraction with hexane (UFH) followed by an extraction with 70% ethanol (UFE). Both isolation and purification from fixed constituents were performed using a combination of classic chromatographic techniques. Three samples were isolated and named UF-1, UF-2 and UF-3. The presence of a major constituent (86.17%) with retention time of 24.940 min was observed in the first sample (UF-1), and its mass spectrum was characterized by the molecular ion M+ 284. The GC-MS analysis suggestion and the comparison of its spectrum with literature reinforce its identification as ethyl hexadecanoate with a similarity index of 96%. Compounds UF-2 and UF-3 have been taken to the Northeastern Center of Application and Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CENAUREMN) of Federal University of Ceara, to determine the chemical structure by spectroscopy techniques such as uni- and bidimensional (1H, 1H-COSY, gs-HMQC, gs-HMBC, ROESY, NOESY and TOCSY) 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, as well as mass spectrometry (MS).
As macroalgas marinhas são consideradas fontes promissoras de compostos bioativos para estudos fitoquímicos. Tais compostos possuem diferentes propriedades biológicas, funcionando como antibacterianos, antifúngicos, antivirais, anti-inflamatórios, anti-helmínticos, antileishmaniose, antimalária, antioxidantes, antitumorais cuja utilização como fármacos tem despertado o interesse de muitos pesquisadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a investigação fitoquímica do extrato etanólico da macroalga marinha verde Ulva fasciata. O material foi coletado em abril de 2008, na Praia do Pacheco, no município de Caucaia-CE. As macroalgas in natura foram desidratadas em estufa com recirculação de ar a 40°C por 15 horas e, em seguida, trituradas, obtendo-se 500 g, os quais foram submetidos primeiramente a uma extração a frio com hexano (UFH), e posteriormente com etanol a 70% (UFE). Para o isolamento e a purificação dos constituintes fixos foi empregada uma combinação de técnicas cromatográficas clássicas em que foram isolados UF-1, UF-2 e UF-3. Na amostra UF-1 foi observada a presença de um constituinte majoritário (86,17%) com tempo de retenção de 24,940 min, cujo espectro de massas o caracterizou por apresentar o íon molecular M+ 284. A sugestão fornecida pela análise CG-EM e a comparação visual do espectro do composto analisado com os da literatura, bem como pela proposta mecanística de formação dos principais fragmentos reforçaram sua identificação como hexadecanoato de etila com um índice de similaridade de 96%. Os compostos UF-2 e UF-3 foram encaminhados para o Centro Nordestino de Aplicação e Uso da Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (CENAUREMN) da Universidade Federal do Ceará, para a determinação sua estrutura química através de técnicas espectroscópicas de RMN 1H e 13C uni- e bidimensionais (1H, 1H-COSY, gs-HMQC, gs-HMBC, ROESY, NOESY e TOCSY), bem como por espectrometria de massa (EM).
Parra, Lizbeth Lorena Lopez. « Uso de desreplicação por HPLC-UV-MS para a descoberta de metabólitos bioativos de invertebrados marinhos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-23032016-093705/.
Texte intégralForam preparados diversos extratos de invertebrados marinhos a partir de um fracionamento inicial. O desenvolvimento e a aplicação de uma metodologia de desreplicação permitiu a seleção de três organismos de estudo, Iotrochota birotulata, Amathia verticillata, e Tedania brasiliensis. Os extratos destes organismos foram submetidos a diferentes metodologias de fracionamento, isolamento e purificação de substâncias, dependendo dos resultados de desreplicação para cada organismo.
Como resultado do isolamento e identificação de substancias destes organismos, obteve-se dois compostos já conhecidos na literatura e dezesseis compostos inéditos, dos quais dois são derivados sintéticos. De todos os compostos isolados, a pseudoceratidina, as desbromopseudoceratidinas e as tedamidas A e B apresentaram um índice de seletividade de 243.1, 217.1 e 89.3 respectivamente para Leishmania (L.) infantum, e o composto N12-acetilpseudoceratidina de 23.2 para Trypanosoma cruzi, sendo estes resultados muito promissores para a utilização das estruturas destas moléculas como potenciais modelos para o desenvolvimento de fármacos.
This research project aimed at the discovery of potentially bioactive secondary metabolites against parasitic activity and as antiviral agents and antibiotics, using dereplication as an essential methodology in the selection and prioritization of crude extracts derived from invertebrates, to the discovery of natural products structurally unpublished.
Various extracts of marine invertebrates from an initial fractionation were prepared. The development and application of a dereplication methodology allowed the selection of three study organisms, Iotrochota birotulata, Amathia verticillata, and Tedania brasiliensis. The extracts of these organisms were subjected to different methods of fractionation, isolation and purification of substances, depending on the results of dereplication for each organism.
As a result of the isolation and identification of substances of these organisms, it obtained two compounds already known in the literature and unpublished sixteen compounds, two of which are synthetic derivatives. In all isolated compounds, pseudoceratidina, the desbromopseudoceratidinas and tedamidas A and B showed an index of selectivity 243.1, 217.1 and 89.3 respectively for Leishmania (L.) infantum, and the compound N12-acetilpseudoceratidina 23.2 for Trypanosoma cruzi, which are very promising results for the use of these molecules as structures potential models for drug development.
Oliveira, Ana Ligia Leandrini de. « Algas e micro-organismos marinhos como fonte de substâncias bioativas : química e biologia de Bostrychia radicans e fungos endofíticos associados ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-05092013-144055/.
Texte intégralThe diversity of organisms from the marine environment is a significant source of structurally novel and biologically active substances, several of which have inspired the development of new classes of therapeutic agents. In this context, red macroalgae belonging to Bostrychia genus (Rhodomelaceae) were collected on beaches of the north coast of São Paulo State and have been studied chemically and biologically in the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of the Marine Environment - (LQOAM - NPPNS) at FCFRP-USP, under Prof. Hosana M. Debonsi supervision. Algae Bostrychia radicans species showed cytotoxic, trypanocidal, antileishmanial and antimicrobial potential, besides a interesting chemical profile, evidenced by the isolation of new compounds in the literature. In this context, this work describes the sequential chemical study of B. radicans species, collected at the Rio Escuro Mangrove, Ubatuba-SP, as well as the biological potential of this species. Also, the phenolsulphatases enzyme activity was evaluated in this species. Still, in order to explore new promising sources for the isolation of bioactive substances, this study describes the isolation of endophytic microorganisms associated to B. radicans. In this way, 45 strains of microorganisms were isolated and nine strains were selected for extracts preparation; and subsequently chemical and biological screenings. Based on the biological screening and chemical profile analyses, the large-scale fermentation of the endophytic fungi Xylaria sp., Penicillium brevicompactum and Phomopsis longicolla was carried out. The chromatographic purification of the bioactive acethyl acetate extract from Xylaria sp. allowed the isolation of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 8- dihydroxynaphtol 1-O-a-glucopyranoside, 8-methoxy-3-methyl-1-isochromanone and piliformic acid. Chemical studies of Penicillium brevicompactum resulted in the isolation of: mycophenolic acid, asperphenamate, brevianamide A, brevianamide C and brevianamide oxindole, isolated for the first time as a natural product. From Phomopsis longicolla was isolated dicerandrol C. This thesis also describes the potential biological of some of these isolated compounds. The chemical and biological studies of microorganisms achieved in LQOAM encouraged the consolidation of a collaboration work with Prof. Dr. Isidro C. Gonzalez, through the completion of a 12-month internship at the Laboratory Botrytis (Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cádiz). During this period, was conducted the chemical study of plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea, aiming the isolation of new metabolites or toxins, in addition to studying the biogenesis of these substances, through experiments using isotopically labeled precursors.
Felício, Rafael de. « Produtos naturais marinhos : isolamento e identificação de metabólitos inéditos a partir de fungos endofíticos e cianobactérias utilizando técnicas de eliciação química epigenética e desreplicação via redes moleculares ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-17042015-144842/.
Texte intégralMarine natural products are pointed out as one of the most important sources of bioactive compounds for drug discovery. In this environment, organisms are in constantly interaction ecological through the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytic fungi and cyanobacteria represent groups of microorganisms that perform biosynthesis of substances with unique chemical features and potent biological activities. However, when removed from their natural habitat, these microbial beings generally lose their metabolic capacity through a phenomenon called gene silencing, in which biosynthetic genes are no longer transcribed due to reasons still undetermined. This genetic mechanism is brokered, among other factors, by the enzyme DNA methyltransferase (DNA-MT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). Thus, their inhibitors have been used successfully to promote the elicitation of substances that would not be produced under laboratory conditions. Another important approach in the natural products research field have been dereplication based on the fragmentation (MS/MS) for the identification of substances or analogues. The molecular networking is a new approach in which data from mass spectrometry are grouped according to the similarities between the patterns of fragmentation, forming families of molecules, allowing rapid visualization of the chemical profile of several samples simultaneously. Thus, this work presents the isolation and identification of novel metabolites from endophytic fungi and cyanobacteria originating from the marine environment. For this propose, epigenetic elicitation techniques were used in both groups of organisms and the molecular networks via dereplication was used in cyanobacteria. Endophytic fungi associated with red seaweed Bostrychia tenella were subjected to chemical and epigenetic studies. Xylaria sp. and Nigrospora oryzae strains were cultured in solid medium rice, resulting in isolation of substance of cytochalasin D and a potentially novel derivative of griseofulvin. Penicillium decaturense strain was grown in PDB liquid medium resulting in the isolation of 10,11- deidrocurvularina and possible analogues. Experiments with epigenetic inhibitors (sodium butyrate and procaine) promoted the modulation of the chemical profile of this strain, to stimulate the production of metabolites not expressed under normal culture conditions. Moreover, Acremonium sp. produced various substances when grown in liquid medium under the influence of Czapek procaine, one of novel and potentially derived from the class of metabolites brevianamides. Organic fractions of the cyanobacteria Schizothrix sp., collected in Panama, were analized by LC-MS/MS and the data generated were used to create molecular networks. This study resulted in the identification of metabolites barbamide, hectochlorin, curacins A and D, curazole malyngamide D acetate, dolastatin 10 and carmaphycin B. Also, analogs of curazole, dolastatin 10 and carmaphycins A and B have been proposed. Cyanobacteria Moorea producens JHB, collected in Jamaica, was grown under the influence of sodium butyrate, and produced two new proposed metabolites in accordance with the fragmentation data as being derived from jamaicamide and hectochlorin, in a sort of crossed biosynthesis. Therefore, this work corroborates marine endophytic fungi and cyanobacteria as promising for exploration of secondary metabolism.
Jimenez, Paula Christine. « BioprospecÃÃo de substÃncias com potencial antitumoral em ascÃdias do litoral cearense : estudos com Eudistoma vannamei Millar, 1977 (Urochordata, Ascidiacea) ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2999.
Texte intégralEste trabalho avaliou, inicialmente, a citotoxicidade dos extratos hidroalcoÃlicos das 10 espÃcies de ascÃdias mais abundantes do litoral cearense atravÃs dos seguintes mÃtodos: toxicidade aguda em larvas de artemias, inibiÃÃo do desenvolvimento dos ovos de ouriÃo-do-mar, potencial hemolÃtico e inibiÃÃo da proliferaÃÃo celular de linhagens tumorais. A espÃcie Eudistoma vannamei mostrou-se a mais ativa em 3 dos 4 ensaios performados, sendo, portanto, selecionada para prosseguir com a caracterizaÃÃo quÃmica e farmacolÃgica de seus princÃpios ativos. O extrato foi particionado em diversos solventes e fracionados por cromatografia em sÃlica gel 60 e sephadex LH-20. A atividade das amostras foi monitorada pelo mÃtodo do MTT. Das 60 amostras coletadas, 15 foram ativas. A CI50 dessas 15 amostras foi verificada, novamente pelo mÃtodo do MTT, em 5 linhagens celulares tumorais: CEM, HL-60, MCF-7, HCT-8 e B-16. As fraÃÃes DCM-14 a DCM-18, derivadas da fase diclorometÃnica e quimicamente muito semelhantes entre si, como evidenciado por CCDC, foram as mais ativas, apresentando CI50 de atà 1,0 ug/mL na maioria das linhagens. A dicetopiperazina 6-etilamino-1-metil-piperazina-2,5-diona foi isolada da fase CHCl2 e detectada como o componente majoritÃrio, no entanto, foi inativa sobre a proliferaÃÃo celular. O espectro de H1RNM das fraÃÃes DCM-14 a 18 indicou, como componentes minoritÃrios, uma sÃrie de derivados desta dicetopiperazina, que nÃo foram identificados. O estudo dos efeitos das fraÃÃes sobre a viabilidade (exclusÃo por azul de tripan), proliferaÃÃo (incorporaÃÃo de BrdU e curva de crescimento) e induÃÃo de morte (morfologia celular â coloraÃÃo por H/E â anexina e coloraÃÃo por BE/AO) nas cÃlulas HL-60 demonstrou que DCM-16 e 17 sÃo as mais fortes redutoras da proliferaÃÃo celular. DCM-16 apresentou um pronunciado efeito inibitÃrio sobre a incorporaÃÃo de BrdU, o que pode indicar uma interferÃncia na duplicaÃÃo de DNA. DCM-17 inibiu satisfatoriamente a incorporaÃÃo de BrdU, mas a induÃÃo de apoptose Ã, aparentemente, seu mecanismo predominante. DCM-14 e 15 tambÃm apresentam perfis de indutoras de apoptose celular, sendo que a Ãltima demonstra alguns indÃcios de atividade necrÃtica. Os efeitos de DCM-18 foram pouco pronunciados. As atividades apresentadas por essas fraÃÃes sÃo concentraÃÃo-dependente e o aumento do tempo de contato intensifica o efeito citotÃxico.
The study, initially, evaluated the citotoxity of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of the 10 most abundant ascidian species from the coast of Cearà (Brazil), through the utilization of the following methods: brine shrimps lethality assay; development inhibition of sea urchin eggs; hemolytic potential, and inhibition of in vitro tumor cell growth. In three of the four assays performed, the Eudistoma vannamei species proved to be the most active one, and it was, therefore, selected for chemical and pharmacological characterization of its active principles. The extract was particionated by various solvents and fractionated by chromatography in silica gel 60 and sephadex LH-20 columns. The samplesâ activities were monitored through the MTT method. Of the 60 collected samples, 15 were active. The IC50 of the 15 samples was evaluated through the MTT method, in 5 tumor cell lines: CEM, HL-60, MCF-7, HCT-8 e B-16. The fractions DCM-14 to DCM-18, derived from the CHCl2 phase and chemically very similar to each other, as indicated by CCDC, were the most active ones, presenting IC50 under 1,0 ug/mL in the majority of lines. The diketopiperazine 6-ethylamino-1-methyl-piperazine-2,5-dione was isolated from CHCl2 phase and identified as the major component, however, it was inactive upon cell proliferation. The H1RNM spectra of DCM 14 to DCM 18 fractions showed a number of compounds derived from that major diketopiperazine, which were not identified, as minor components. The study about the fractions effect upon HL-60âs viability (exclusion by trypan blue), proliferation (BrdU incorporation and growth curve) and cell death induction (cell morphology - H/E staining â annexin and BE/AO) revealed DCM-16 and 17 as the most potent cell proliferation reducers. DCM-16 displayed a pronounced BrdU uptake inhibitory effect, which may indicate interference in the DNA duplication process. DCM-17 showed a satisfactorily inhibition upon BrdU uptake, however, the apoptosis induction seems to be its main mode of action. DCM-14 and 15 also displayed a cell apoptosis inductor profile, while the latter indicated some signs of necrotic activity. The activities presented by these fractions are concentration and time dependent as longer periods with cell contact intensifies its citotoxic effect.
Andrade, Teresinha de Jesus Aguiar dos Santos [UNESP]. « Investigação química e biológica dos metabólitos secundários derivados de macroalgas marinhas e microrganismos associados ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115984.
Texte intégralAs macroalgas Dichotomaria marginata e Padina gymnospora foram coletadas no litoral paulista e seus microrganismos associados, Penicillium citrinum (Dm1) e Penicillium chrysogenum (Pg1), respectivamente, foram isolados e identificados. Os microrganismos foram cultivados em arroz parboilizado estéril e as culturas obtidas foram extraídas com acetato de etila e submetidas a partição. A fração FMeCN de cada extrato foi submetida às técnicas cromatográficas a fim de isolar os metabólitos secundários. Os extratos das macroalgas foram submetidos a partição e as frações resultantes submetidas a estudo químico por CLAE-DAD, CLAE-DAD/EMIES e RMN 1H. A comparação dos perfis cromatográficos das frações obbtidas das macroalgas permitiu uma abordagem qualitativa dos constituintes por gerar informações sobre a composição química das macroalgas em estudo. Os ácidos graxos foram analisados nas frações apolares das macroalgas e microrganismos associados por CG-EM e resultou na identificação de 27 substâncias nas frações hexânicas das macroalgas, sendo 19 da D. marginata e 8 da P. gimnospora, enquanto para os microrganismos, 32 substâncias foram identificadas, sendo 16 de P. citrinum e 16 de P. chrysogenum. A fração em MeCN de P. citrinum forneceu 17 substâncias, sendo 4 alcaloides quinolizidínicos: citrinadina A (1), citrinadina B (2), 18- desidroxi-citrinadina B (3), chrisogenamida (4); 4 alcaloides quinolactínicos: quinolactinas A (11), B1/B2 (12), B (13) e D (14) e 9 policetídeos: dicitrinina A (5), 1,5-dihidroxi-2-metil-3-(1-metil-2-hidroxi)-propilbenzeno (6), esclerotinina A (7), descarboxidihidrocitrinona (8), 1-carboxi-8-hidroxi-6-metilxantona éster metílico (9), ácido linoléico (10), ácido italícico (15), citrinina (16), e 1,3,8-tri-hidroxi-6- (hidroximetil)antraceno-9,10-diona (17). Adicionalmente, 9 substâncias foram obtidas a partir de P. chrysogenum, sendo 3...
Macroalgae Dichotomaria marginata and Padina gymnospora were collected at Sao Paulo State shore and their associated microrganisms, Penicillium citrinum (Dm1) and Penicillium chrysogenum (Pg1), respectively, were isolated and identified. The microorganisms were cultivated in sterile parboilized rice and the resulting cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate and submitted to partitioning. Fraction FMeCN of each extract was submitted to chromatography aiming at the isolation of secondary metabolites. The macroalgae extracts were submitted to partitioning and the resulting fractions were analyzed by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS/ESI and 1H NMR. The chromatographic profile comparison for the resulting fractions from macroalgae allowed the qualitative assessment of the chemical constituents, and afforded information on the chemical composition of the macroalgae. Fatty acids were analysed in the low polarity fractions of the macroalgae and microrganisms extracts by GC-MS and resulted in the identification of 27 compounds from the hexane fractions of macroalgae, including 19, from D. marginata, and 8, from P. gimnospora, whereas 32 fatty acids were identified from the microorganisms, including 16 from P. citrinum and 16, from P. chrysogenum. Fraction in MeCN from P. citrinum afforded 17 compounds: 4 quinolizidine alkaloids: citrinadin A (1), citrinadin B (2), 18-dehydroxy-citrinadin B (3), chrysogenamide (4); 4 quinolactin alkaloids: quinolactins A (11), B1/B2 (12), B (13) and D (14), and 9 poliketides: dicitrinin A (5), 1,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-3-(1-methyl-2-hydroxy)-propylbenzene (6), esclerotinin A (7), decarboxydihydrocitrinone (8), de 1-carboxy-8-hydroxy-6- methylxanthone methyl ester (9), linoleic acid (10), italicic acid (15), citrinin (16), e 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)antracene-9,10-dione (17). Aditionally, 9 compounds were obtained from P. chrysogenum, 3 nucleotides: adenosine (18)...
Andrade, Teresinha de Jesus Aguiar dos Santos. « Investigação química e biológica dos metabólitos secundários derivados de macroalgas marinhas e microrganismos associados / ». Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115984.
Texte intégralBanca: Angela Regina Araújo
Banca: André Luiz Meleiro Porto
Banca: Ernani Pinto Júnior
Banca: Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi
Resumo: As macroalgas Dichotomaria marginata e Padina gymnospora foram coletadas no litoral paulista e seus microrganismos associados, Penicillium citrinum (Dm1) e Penicillium chrysogenum (Pg1), respectivamente, foram isolados e identificados. Os microrganismos foram cultivados em arroz parboilizado estéril e as culturas obtidas foram extraídas com acetato de etila e submetidas a partição. A fração FMeCN de cada extrato foi submetida às técnicas cromatográficas a fim de isolar os metabólitos secundários. Os extratos das macroalgas foram submetidos a partição e as frações resultantes submetidas a estudo químico por CLAE-DAD, CLAE-DAD/EMIES e RMN 1H. A comparação dos perfis cromatográficos das frações obbtidas das macroalgas permitiu uma abordagem qualitativa dos constituintes por gerar informações sobre a composição química das macroalgas em estudo. Os ácidos graxos foram analisados nas frações apolares das macroalgas e microrganismos associados por CG-EM e resultou na identificação de 27 substâncias nas frações hexânicas das macroalgas, sendo 19 da D. marginata e 8 da P. gimnospora, enquanto para os microrganismos, 32 substâncias foram identificadas, sendo 16 de P. citrinum e 16 de P. chrysogenum. A fração em MeCN de P. citrinum forneceu 17 substâncias, sendo 4 alcaloides quinolizidínicos: citrinadina A (1), citrinadina B (2), 18- desidroxi-citrinadina B (3), chrisogenamida (4); 4 alcaloides quinolactínicos: quinolactinas A (11), B1/B2 (12), B (13) e D (14) e 9 policetídeos: dicitrinina A (5), 1,5-dihidroxi-2-metil-3-(1-metil-2-hidroxi)-propilbenzeno (6), esclerotinina A (7), descarboxidihidrocitrinona (8), 1-carboxi-8-hidroxi-6-metilxantona éster metílico (9), ácido linoléico (10), ácido italícico (15), citrinina (16), e 1,3,8-tri-hidroxi-6- (hidroximetil)antraceno-9,10-diona (17). Adicionalmente, 9 substâncias foram obtidas a partir de P. chrysogenum, sendo 3...
Abstract: Macroalgae Dichotomaria marginata and Padina gymnospora were collected at Sao Paulo State shore and their associated microrganisms, Penicillium citrinum (Dm1) and Penicillium chrysogenum (Pg1), respectively, were isolated and identified. The microorganisms were cultivated in sterile parboilized rice and the resulting cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate and submitted to partitioning. Fraction FMeCN of each extract was submitted to chromatography aiming at the isolation of secondary metabolites. The macroalgae extracts were submitted to partitioning and the resulting fractions were analyzed by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-MS/ESI and 1H NMR. The chromatographic profile comparison for the resulting fractions from macroalgae allowed the qualitative assessment of the chemical constituents, and afforded information on the chemical composition of the macroalgae. Fatty acids were analysed in the low polarity fractions of the macroalgae and microrganisms extracts by GC-MS and resulted in the identification of 27 compounds from the hexane fractions of macroalgae, including 19, from D. marginata, and 8, from P. gimnospora, whereas 32 fatty acids were identified from the microorganisms, including 16 from P. citrinum and 16, from P. chrysogenum. Fraction in MeCN from P. citrinum afforded 17 compounds: 4 quinolizidine alkaloids: citrinadin A (1), citrinadin B (2), 18-dehydroxy-citrinadin B (3), chrysogenamide (4); 4 quinolactin alkaloids: quinolactins A (11), B1/B2 (12), B (13) and D (14), and 9 poliketides: dicitrinin A (5), 1,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-3-(1-methyl-2-hydroxy)-propylbenzene (6), esclerotinin A (7), decarboxydihydrocitrinone (8), de 1-carboxy-8-hydroxy-6- methylxanthone methyl ester (9), linoleic acid (10), italicic acid (15), citrinin (16), e 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)antracene-9,10-dione (17). Aditionally, 9 compounds were obtained from P. chrysogenum, 3 nucleotides: adenosine (18)...
Doutor
Jesus, Karen de. « Investigação de metabólitos secundários bioativos de micro-organismos do ambiente marinho ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-07032013-094732/.
Texte intégralThe present investigation describes the isolation of secondary metabolites from the culture medium of a marine-derived strain of the fungus Penicillium citrinum. Initially, 51 fungal strains isolated from the ascidian Didemnum ligulum and preserved in stereilized sea water were re-activated in Petri dishes. After reactivation, the strains were grown in 250 mL of liquid culture medium. All media were extracted with EtOAc and, after evaporation, aliquots of the extracts were evaluated in a cytotoxicity assay on three tumor cell lines. It was observed that 14 extracts showed cytotoxic activity. These 14 extracts were analyzed by HPLC-UV-MS in order to investigate their corresponding chemical profile. As a result, the DLM2-12 strain, identified as Penicillium citrinum, was selected for semi-preparative growth in liquid culture medium in sufficient quantity to accomplish the isolation of secondary metabolites. A first growth in 250 mL of culture medium yielded an extract which was subjected to various chromatographic separations, to give citrinin (42) as the major compound. An additional growth of P. citrinum DLM2-12 in a larger volume (8 L) yielded an extract which was subjected to chromatographic separations on Sephadex LH-20, cyanopropyl-bonded silica gel, and by reversed-phase HPLC. These separations gave, after the identification of pure compounds: a) three quinolones, quinolactacins C (51) and B (54) and a new quinolactacin (52), unreported in the literature; b) the tetramic acid penicilenol A (55), and; c) two anthraquinones, citreorosein (57) and emodin (61). The anthraquinones 57 and 61 were evaluated in antiviral, antimicrobial, antileishmanial and cytotoxic assays. Citreorosein (57) displayed activity against the viral strains BVDV, HSV1 and aMPV and showed cytotoxicity against the HCT-116 cell line, being inactive against HL-60, SF295, OVCAR-8, K562, HCT-8, MDA-MB435 and MVF-7 cell lines. Emodin (61) displayed activity against the viral strains BVDV, HSV1, AMPV and hepatitis C, as well as antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, as well as cytotoxic activity against HL-60, HCT-116, SF295, OVCAR-8, K562 and HCT-8 cancer cell lines, being inactive against MDA-MB435 and MVF-7 cell lines.
Silva, Patrícia Miranda da. « Atividades biológicas de extratos de algas marinhas brasileiras ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-16062010-084634/.
Texte intégralAlgae are important sources of raw material and biological active compounds used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Marine Brazilian red macroalge, Gracilaria birdiae e Gracilaria domingensis, are found in the Brazilian northeast coast and have high potential for industries. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts by different techniques such as DPPH scavenging activity, ROS generation by the Luminol- HRP-H2O2 system, reducing power determination and metal quelating activity. The most apolar fraction showed highest antioxidant activity. The effects of methanolic fractions on mice macrophages oxidative burst were evaluated by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay and an increment of the respiratory burst was observed. Algae fractions and extracts were tested for antimicrobial assays led by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration - MIC. Gram-negative bacteria tested were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumonae ATCC 10231 and Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430 and four Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49 619 , Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. None of the extracts and fractions showed activity against these microorganisms in the concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Two fungi species were tested: Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 29212. Only the protein extract was effective against the tested fungi species
Ruiz, Sanchis Pau. « Síntesi total de productes marins amb l’estructura triptòfan-pirroloindole ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/38706.
Texte intégralMarine natural products research is interesting because marine species (micro- and macroorganisms) biosynthesize compounds with different chemical structures and bioactivities from terrestrial natural products. Mayotlide is a marine natural product; it was isolated by Pharmarmar from a sample of Spongia sp. Mayotlide shows a nanomolar GI50 activity. Structurally, mayotlide is an octapeptidic system and it has the characteristic trait: the bond between Trp’s – the N-indole of a Trp and the C3a of a cycled Trp: a hexahydropyrroloindole unit (HPI). Few natural products contain this Trp-HPI system in their structures until the moment, and mayotlide is the first example of a bis-macrocyclic compound with this bond. The chapter 1 of the manuscript studies the synthesis of tryptophan-pyrroloindole system, which requires the reaction between a Trp and a halogenated HPI. Two synthetic routes have been reported to afford the halogenated HPI at C3a, each of which afford one mainly different diastereomer. In addition, the most suitable orthogonal protecting groups have been selected to allow the selective growing from the Trp-HPI system. The chapter 2 is about the beginning of the synthesis of mayotlide. First, the synthesis of the A ring has been studied, which is the small ring of mayotlide. The A ring is composed of three amino acids: Trp, Ile, and HPI. Three closing points of macrocycle have been tested. Several mono and bidimensional NMR experiments have made relative stereochemistry of stereocenters possible. The second half of this chapter is about the second macrocycle formation. The elongation of peptide chain of mayotlide has been synthesized on solid phase. Then, the couplings between the peptide chain and the A ring have been performed, affording the synthetic mayotlide. The natural and synthetic mayotlide have coeluted at the same time in a HPLC. The syntheses of two analogues of mayotlide have been studied in chapter 3. The structures of these analogues are one cycle which contain the same peptide sequence of the B ring of mayotlide; one of them has change the HPI for a Trp. In addition, the activities of the A ring and one analogue have been tested.
El, Marrouni El Ghazaoui Abdellatif. « Synthesis of unusual alpha-amino acids and study of the effect of their incorporation into antimicrobial peptides. Total synthesis of biactive marine natural products and analogues thereof ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/80815.
Texte intégralAquesta tesi s'ha centrat en la preparació de nous compostos bioactius seguint dues estratègies diferents. El primer projecte es va portar a terme sota la supervisió de la Dra. Montserrat Heras del grup LIPPSO del Departament de Química i ha permés el desenvolupament de noves metodologies per la síntesi de nous aminoàcids no naturals. i el seu ús en la preparació d'anàlegs del pèptid antimicrobià BP100 amb l'objectiu de millorar-ne les propietats biològiques. El segon projecte és fruit de la col•laboració amb la Prof. Janine Cossy i el Dr. Stellios Arseniyadis del "Laboratoire de Chimie Organique" de l'Ecole Superieur de Physique et Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI-ParisTech, Paris, França). I ha permés posar a punt tres estratègies sintètiques convergents i versàtils per l’obtenció de tres productes naturals de gran complexitat estructural i interessants activitats biològiques – l'acremolide B, la bitungolide F i la lyngbouilloside – aïllats recentment del fons marí de diferents punts del món.
Guaratini, Thais. « Antioxidantes de macroalgas marinhas : caraterização química e atividade in vitro ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-02072008-130811/.
Texte intégralClassic maceration is one of the most used processes to obtain commercially viable extracts. Despite several substances can be extracted by using these methods, molecules that are susceptible to oxidative degradation may not resist. In this work it was evaluated the antioxidant activity of extracts of different species of marine macroalgae, obtained through phytochemistry classic methods. The extracts showed no significant activity in the experimental models used. In addition, fatty acids and steroids from algae were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results indicated greater amount of unsaturated fatty acids and some of the algae showed the cholesterol as the major steroid. Although some carotenoids remained in the algae extract, they were found in low concentrations and no other molecule resistant to the methods of extraction employed was detected. Thus, it was turned to the development of methodologies for carotenoids analysis, which are known substances with antioxidant activity. A method was standardized by HPLC-UV-EC, which separated a total of 16 pigments and the data obtained in both detectors were compared. Even though the electrochemical detector is generally more sensitive, better results were obtained using the DAD detector. With a standardized methodology, it was possible to obtain the profile of pigments for each species studied. To continue the development of methodologies for carotenoids analysis, standards of this class of substances and other polyene-containing molecules were studied by mass spectrometry. Ionization mechanisms were elucidated by using different sources. A balance between the formation of radical and protonated ions was proposed for xanthophylls when ionized by ESI. When ESI was used to ionize retinoids and carotenes, only protonated and radical ions, respectively, were found. Besides theoretical calculations of ionization energy, it was suggested that the formation of the molecular ion, except for the analyses in ESI, is dependent on the conjugation extension and is related to the presence of oxygen in the molecule. Studies using the nanoSpray source showed opposite results. In this case, it was obtained higher intensity of the protonated ions for xanthophylls, even in the absence of acid. To support the results obtained in ESI, synthetic molecules containing different length of polyene chain and a flavonic portion were analyzed. Those with the greatest conjugation chain showed low intensity of the molecular ion and decoupling reactions at the source. This effect was similar to that observed for ß- carotene in the same conditions. The structure with the smaller polyene chain presented a more stable molecular ion. Furthermore, the ionization energy calculated for the larger molecule was lower, corroborating with the experimental data and suggesting that the larger \"Caro-Flavo\" should present a better antioxidant activity. These synthetic substances, along with astaxanthin and epicatechin, were tested according to their activity in inhibiting UVA or UVB induced lipoperoxidation. The largest \"Caro-Flavo\" showed better antioxidant activity when UVB-irradiated in the lowest irradiation dose. Nevertheless, when this molecule is UVA-irradiated, a pro-oxidant activity is even more pronounced than the astaxanthin pro-oxidant activity. In these experiments, a pro-oxidant activity for the smallest \"Caro-Flavo\" was verified for all irradiation conditions. Other synthetic molecules, derived from α-tocopherol were also tested and showed no statistically significant differences, when compared to this vitamin.
Erbert, Cíntia. « Estudos químicos e biológicos de algas marinhas do gênero Bostrychia Montagne (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) e fungos endofíticos associados ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-06072011-155402/.
Texte intégralThe marine environment, due to its organic diversity, has been recognized as a promising source of new biologically active secondary metabolites. Seaweeds produce a large variety of terpenoidic, aromatic and poliketids substances. Bioassays have been demonstrated significant biological potential concerning these metabolites. Microorganisms associated with algae, such as endophytic fungi, also represent important and promising source of natural products with molecularly-diverse structures. Bostrychia is an ecophysiology, biogeographically well-studied algal genus, but information about its chemical composition is scarce, prevailing reports about its polyol and low-molecular-weight contents. In this work, the results of the comparison of the chromatographic profiles of Bostrychia species growing in the north coast of São Paulo State represent a first qualitative approach of the polar constituent in this genus, and may be complemented by isolation and identification of their majority constituents. The isolation of endophytic fungi from B. radicans (collected in rocky shore and mangrove environment) and B. tenella (collected in the rocky shore) allowed the preservation of 135 strains available for posterior studies. Among the strains isolated from B. radicans rocky shore, ten were selected for cultivation in solid medium and three (C75, C81 e C82) were selected for chemical and biological studies. C81 and C82 strains were identified by molecular data as Phomopsis longicolla and Penicillium brevicompactum, respectively. Three known substances were isolated and identified from P. longicolla (18-deoxycytochalasin H, mycophenolic acid and dicerandrol C) and two from P. brevicompactum (mycophenolic acid and its methyl derivative). Biological assays revealed the hexanic fraction of P. longicolla presenting high antimicrobial activity (below of 100g.mL-1) against Staphylococcus aureus and S. saprophyticus, as well as one of its isolated metabolites (activity below of 10g.mL-1). This metabolite also presented mast cell degranulation inhibition and cytotoxic activity, reinforcing the potential of endophytic microorganisms in the byosinthesis of compounds that can be useful in the new drugs development. As a summary, the results show that algae and their endophytic fungi associated represent an important field to be explored in terms of biological potential of natural products.
Lamariano, Merketegi Janire. « Aproximación a la Síntesis Enantioselectiva de la cadena polihidroxílica común a los Productos Marinos Oscillariolida y Formidolidas ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292611.
Texte intégralThere are an important number of marine origin molecules with promising bioactivity. The group of polyketide macrolides is an interesting family of molecules where oscillariolide and phormidolide are included. These two molecules contain a common polyhydroxy chain linked to a THF ring. First, oscillariolide was isolated from Oscillatoria sp. which allowed the structural elucidation of the polyhydroxy chain. After that, phormidolide was isolated and that permit the determination of the absolute configuration of the eight polyol stereocenters, which was not achieved until that moment. Although the structure of the polyol has been known during several years, the molecule has not been synthesized yet. The aim of this work is the asymmetric synthesis of the chain. Our target molecules can be separated in three different fragments: a polyhydroxy chain, a macrocycle and a fatty acid. One of the objectives of this work is the synthesis of the polyhydroxy chain and the study of the bond formation between the polyol and the macrocycle. Firstly, aldol condensations using different chiral auxiliaries were studied. Evans auxiliaries such as oxazolidinones and oxazolinthiones were studied. The reactions were performed using different chelating metals, bases, aldehyde protecting groups, and with different reaction times and temperatures. On the other hand, a metal based aldol condensation was carried out between a chiral aldehyde and a ketone. An important influence of the protecting group in the ß-position of the aldehyde on the stereochemical outcome of this transformation is suspected. The elongation of the chain was achieved using strategies bases on addition of organometallic reagents, as Barbier reaction and Reformatsky type reaction. Finally, the bond formation between the polihidroxy chain and the macrocycle of the natural products was studied. This study was carried out using model molecules. Three main methodologies were applied to study the vinylorganometilic reagents additions to chiral 2-formylTHF: chelated controlled organometallic addition, carboalumination and Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction.
Pelay, Gimeno Marta. « Synthesis, structural elucidation and biological evaluation of Pipecolidepsin A and Phakellistatin 19 ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108280.
Texte intégralDos productes naturals marins de naturalesa peptídica han estat sintetitzats i estudiats estructuralment en la present tesi doctoral. El Pipecolidepsin A és un ciclodepsipèptid “cap-cadena lateral” que ha mostrat uns valors de citotoxicitat molt prometedors. Té una disposició estructural molt característica en la que un enllaç èster uneix l’extrem carboxil-terminal amb la cadena lateral de l’aminoàcid AHDMHA, originant d’aquesta manera una macrolactona de 25 membres i un braç peptídic exocíclic acabat amb un beta-hidroxiàcid. A més a més, la seva complexitat sintètica es veu incrementada per la presència en la seva estructura de fins a 6 aminoàcids sintètics no comercials. Les síntesis dels derivats correctament protegits dels residus L-threo-beta-EtO-Asn, AHDMHA, DADHOHA i HTMHA han estat desenvolupades i verificades al nostre laboratori. L’etapa crítica de la síntesi del Pipecolidepsin A és la formació de l’enllaç èster sobre un alcohol extremadament impedit. A més a més, són moltes les reaccions secundàries associades als diferents residus sintètics (deshidratació d’amides laterals a nitrils, racemització, formació d’aspartimides, lactamització intramolecular del residu DiMe-Gln quan l’amina està desprotegida...). Tot això es tindrà en compte durant el desenvolupament i validació de l’estratègia sintètica que donarà accés al Pipecolidepsin A, i obrirà la porta a la síntesi d’altres anàlegs i compostos relacionats. El Phakellistatin 19 és un pèptid cíclic homodètic ric en residus prolina. Un esquema sintètic que combina fase sòlida i solució ha estat satisfactòriament desenvolupat. No obstant i malgrat haver verificat l’equivalència química i espectral del Phakellistatin 19 sintètic, aquest no presenta el mateix comportament biològic que el natural. La possibilitat que una impuresa (en especial un epimer) espectralment no detectable sigui la responsable de la citotoxicitat, o bé que la presència de residus Pro capaços d’establir un equilibri cis-trans real generin un complex equilibri conformacional en el que els diferents confòrmers tinguin un perfil biològic diferent, han estat extensivament estudiades.
Bovio, Elena. « Champignons marins d'éponges marines : biodiversité, chimiodiversité et applications biotechnologiques ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR4009.
Texte intégralMarine environment represents an untapped source of fungal diversity, where it has been estimated that about 10% of fungi have been explored until now. Due to the lack of knowledge on marine fungi and their incredible biotechnological potential, this Ph.D. thesis focuses on a highly promising group of fungi: those associated with marine sponges. These fungi are both characterized by high biodiversity and chemodiversity, being the most successful producers of new bioactive molecules. On these premises, the main goal of the research was to cover the firsts and fundamentals aspects of the natural products discovery pipeline: from the isolation and identification of fungi from sponges to the isolation of molecules and the evaluation of their biological activity. This resulted in a multidisciplinary Ph.D. project that enclosed mycology, chemistry, biochemistry and biotechnology. In a “funnel-like” perspective, using multidisciplinary experimental approaches three main parts were developed: - The first aim was to isolate the fungal communities associated with sponges using several isolation techniques to increase the number of cultivable fungi. Four and three sponges were respectively collected in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Overall, 129 taxa were obtained; thanks to a polyphasic approach based on morphological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques, 84.5% of them were identified at the species level. Two fungal species Thelebolus balaustiformis and Thelebolus spongiae were here first described, updating the knowledge on marine fungal diversity. This work underlined the specificity of the fungal community for each sponge, leading to think that these animals are able to recruit their own mycobiota. - The second part was based on the investigation of the chemical diversity of marine fungi associated with the sponge Grantia compressa, using the OSMAC approach (One Strain – Many Compounds). Not surprisingly, it has been difficult to define a condition that promotes both the development of the mycelium and the secondary metabolites production for all fungi; generally, rich nutrients media are the best candidates to achieve the above-mentioned results. Among the tested fungi, Eurotium chevalieri MUT 2316 produce more metabolites than any other fungus and ten pure compounds were isolated. - The third part of this Ph.D. project aimed to test the biological activity of the ten fungal molecules. Two main research fields, pharmaceutical and environmental, were chosen as potential targets. Six compounds showed antibacterial activity, with isodihydroauroglaucin active against most of the Grampositive bacteria tested also with bactericidal activity. Dihydroauroglaucin and physcion were able to completely inhibit the replication of Influenza A virus, while neoechinulin completely inhibited Herpes Simplex Virus 1. Finally, the last series of bioassays aimed to face the urgent need of environmentally friendly antifouling and highlighted several molecules already active at extremely low concentrations, inhibiting the adhesion and growth of both bacteria and microalgae. As result, a mix of few compounds produced by E. chevalieri MUT 2316 would inhibit all the bacteria and microalgae tested. In conclusion, this Ph.D. project highlighted the outstanding biodiversity and chemodiveristy of marine fungi inhabiting sponges. The molecules isolated from E. chevalieri MUT 2316 found applications in different research fields and represent promising candidates for the development of new drugs and antifouling paints
Gressler, Vanessa. « Composição química e potencial biológico das algas vermelhas marinhas Laurencia filiformis, Laurencia intricata, Plocamium brasiliense e Ochtodes secundiramea da costa brasileira ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-15072011-110848/.
Texte intégralThe ocean provides large diversity of species, among them the seaweeds, which are mainly used as food, industrial products and as medicine. Considering the biodiversity, there are only few studies which analize the algae volatile compounds and their biological activity. So that, this work describes specially compounds from the primary metabolism (lipids, proteins and amino acids), chemical volatile composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial potencies of four red algae of the Brazilian coast (Laurencia filiformis, Laurencia intricata, Plicamium brasiliense and Ochtodes secundiramea). The lipid analysis showed that these algae have ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but the palmitic acid is the most abundant. The protein content observed is considerable and approximately 50% of the amino acid composition is of essential amino acids. To extract the volatile organic compounds from the algae selected for this study, three methods were used: hydrodestilation, solvent extraction and HS-SPME. For chemical characterization of the volatile compounds, the technique used was gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the two most abundant compounds from the essential oil of L. filiformis, the (-)-7-epi-silphiperfolan-6β-ol and the (-)-silphiperfolan-7β-ol, and four compounds of the aceton/water extract of P. brasiliense the 3,4-erythro-7-dichloromethyl-3-methyl-3,4,8-trichloro-1,5(E),7(E)-octatriene; the 3,4-erythro-7-dichloromethyl-3-methyl-3,4,8-trichloro-1,5(E),7(Z)-octatriene; the 3,4-erythro-1-bromo-7-dichloromethyl-3-methyl-3,4,8-trichloro-1(E),5(E),7(E)-octatriene and the 3,4-erythro-1-bromo-7-dichloromethyl-3-methyl-3,4,8-trichloro-1(E),5(E),7(Z)-octatriene, were isolated and identified using different chromatographic techniques like preparative TLC and HPLC for isolation and spectroscopic (NMR uni and bidimensional) and spectrometric techniques (HRMS and EIMS) for analysis. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils, of the extracts and of the isolated compounds was verified by two methods (DPPH and chemiluminescence). The dichloromethane extracts of L. filiformis (IC50 of 48.5 µg/mL) and L. intricata (IC50 de 58.0 µg/mL) showed higher potency. The same samples do not have antimicrobial activity in concentrations until 500 µg/mL up against the nine microorganisms tested.
Ballette, Roberto. « Total synthesis of (+)-Madangamine D ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145559.
Texte intégralLas esponjas del orden Haplosclerida representan una importante fuente de alcaloides estructuralmente diversos pero biogenéticamente relacionados, siendo las madangaminas uno de los menos estudiados desde el punto de vista sintético. En 1994 fue aislada el primer alcaloide de este grupo, la Madangamina A de la esponja marina Xestospongia ingens1 y unos años más tarde se aislaron cuatro nuevos alcaloides, las madangaminas BE.2 Estructuralmente, las madangamines son alcaloides pentacíclicos y se caracterizan por presentar un núcleo diazatricíclico (anillos ABC) y dos puentes de carbonados. El anillo macrocíclico D es diferente en cada madangamina en tamaño, así como en el grado y la posición de insaturación, mientras que el anillo E es idéntico en todas ellas. En la presente Tesis Doctoral presentamos la síntesis enantioselectiva de ()-madangamine D,3 que ofrece por primera vez una muestra pura de este producto natural y constituye la primera síntesis total de un alcaloide de la grupo de las madangamines. Usando de una lactama bicíclica derivada del fenilglicinol como el scafold enantiomérico de partida, nuestro enfoque consiste en la construcción inicial del núcleo diazatricíclico ABC y la posterior construcción de los anillos macrocíclicos D y E. La lactama de partida 2 es fácilmente accesible por ciclocondensación de oxoester 1 con el (R)-fenilglicinol, en un proceso en donde se instala el primer estereocentro. El intermedio diazatríclico se prepara a partir de una lactama insaturada derivada de 2. En este proceso son claves una reacción de adición conjugada estereoselectiva, el cierre del anillo carbocíclico mediante metátesis, una alquilación estereoselectiva y finalmente cierre del anillo A por aminohidroxilación. La anulación de los anillos macrocíclicos se lleva a cabo mediante una reacción de cierre del anillo por metátesis (anillo D) y una olefinación de Wittig seguida de macrolactamización (anillo E). Los datos de RMN de 1H y 13C de nuestra madangamina sintética fueron coincidentes con los reportados para el producto natural. La madangamina D sintética muestra citotoxicidad in vitro contra las líneas celulares de cáncer HT29 de colon humano y PSN1 páncreas.
Junior, Ernani Pinto. « Modulação dos níveis de pigmentos e ácidos graxos em algas marinhas : função dos carotenóides e efeitos do estresse ambiental ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-11072008-085232/.
Texte intégralEnvironmental stress on marine algae is provoked by pollutants, lack of nutrients, temperature oscillation or high light. Although some researchers have investigated environmental stress effects on marine animais ecology, lately, however, few groups have studied its effects on marine algae physiology, i.e. carotenoid function and biosynthesis and fatty acids contents. Thus, the in vitro activity, such as the quenching of 02 (1ΔG) (KQ) and the reduction of liposome peroxidation incorporated with carotenoids, of some pigments founded in algae were determined as well as the their biosynthesis when some species were growth under stressful condition, for example, heavy metal exposition (Gracilaria tenuistipitata and Lingulodinium polyedrum), cell density (Amphidinium cartareae, Nitzschia microcephala, Lingulodinium polyedrum, Minutocellus polymorphus and Tetraselmis gracilis) and high light (Lingulodinium polyedrum). In addition, some parameters of oxidative stress and enzymatic markers of oxidative metabolism such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls and thiols contents, were measured. Some carotenes (β-carotene and licopene), xanthophylls (peridinin, lutein, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, etc) and three chlorophylls (a, b and c) were identified either by 1H NMR and MS or standards spiked in HPLC in the species studied. Also, using HPLC techniques, we studied the thiamine interconversion identifying three forms of this vitamin (free, mono- and diphosphate). The KQs obtained for peridinin, isolated from Lingulodinium polyedrum, using two solvent systems (CDCl3: 0,95 x 109 M-1.s-1 and D20/CD3COCD3 1:1: 5,0 x 109 M-1.s-1) suggest this pigment is more effective against the deleterious effects of O2 (1Δg) in hydrophilic environment. Peridinin and astaxanthin incorporated to liposomes filled with Fe2+/EDTA decreased the lipoperoxidation when H202 e t-ButOOH were added, showing that their function depending on the peroxidation promoters permeability through the membrane. Also, both carotenoids were able to protect the membrane when the lipoperoxidation was promoted outside. The fatty acid contents measured in cultures of L. polyedrum during the light:dark cycle suggest that the increase of C18:3 and C22:6 levels during the light phase occurred to compensate the lipoperoxidation, since the levels of MDA were high in the same phase, and to keep the membrane integrity and cell homeostasis. The levels of C20:4 (n-6) increased about 30% when cultures of G. tenuistipitata were exposed to Cd2+ may be to preserve the cell membranes in response to misbalance caused by this heavy metal. On the other hand, the levels of C20:4 (n-6) decreased almost 15% during the treatment with Cu2+, showing an evidence that this metal can affect the tilakoid membranes. The fatty acid C18:3 (n-4) was only detected in the assay with Cu2+. The carotenoid biosynthesis results bring new perspectives concerning the comprehension of the biochemistry and physiology mechanisms employed by marine algae against stressful environmental conditions. Different responses were founded for the carotenoid contents, showing that the biosynthesis and the activity of the enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism can vary according to species or stimuli used.
Lorente, Crivillé Adriana. « Marine Natural Products. Synthesis and structure determination ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/279367.
Texte intégralEls productes naturals extrets de plantes i organismes terrestres han estat durant molts anys font d’inspiració per a la preparació de fàrmacs. Per contra el medi marí no ha rebut tanta atenció, la química dels productes naturals marins ha hagut d’esperar que les tecnologies es modernitzessin per facilitar la recol•lecció de mostres i la determinació estructural dels productes extrets, que presenten molta més complexitat estructural que els productes d’origen terrestre. En els últims 50 anys, aquest camp ha estat objecte de gran interès ja que representa una font de noves molècules bioactives, amb estructures i mecanismes d’acció diferents dels coneguts. En aquesta tesi s’ha treballat en dos projectes focalitzats en l’estudi de molècules d’origen marí com a fàrmacs, utilitzant la síntesi com a eina en els primers estadis de desenvolupament ja que la quantitat aïllada de les fonts naturals només serveix per fer una primera aproximació a estructura i activitat. La barmumicina és un producte natural amb activitat biològica del que s’ha confirmat l’estructura gràcies a la síntesi. El compost que es va determinar en la primera assignació s’ha obtingut per síntesi i s’ha comparat amb el producte natural duent a la conclusió que l’estructura no era la correcta. La reassignació i síntesi d’una nova molècula proposada ha confirmat la identitat d’aquest producte natural. Les formidolides B-D són productes naturals d’alta complexitat estructural. S’ha desenvolupat la síntesi del fragment macrocíclic de les formidolides B-D, abordant dues aproximacions per a la formació de l’alquè trisubstituit; una basada en una metàtesi d’olefines i l’altra en una olefinació de Julia-Kocienski. La segona ruta s’ha seleccionat com a ruta per adaptar a procediments estereoselectius. Adaptant aquesta estratègia, s’ha desenvolupat una metodologia que permet sintetitzar eficaçment i de forma enantioselectiva el macrocicle de les formidolides B-D; l’estratègia és versàtil, ja que canviant els materials de partida o els auxiliars quirals es pot dirigir la síntesi cap al diastereòmer desitjat. El punt clau de la síntesi ha estat la formació del doble enllaç trisubstituitZ amb bon rendiment i selectivitat, pel qual s’ha dut a terme una optimització del procés. S’han sintetitzat tres estereoisòmers i la comparació dels espectres de RMN del producte natural i els sintètics ha permès establir la configuració relativa dels esterocentres que presenta la macrolactona del producte natural. Els resultats presentats demostren la utilitat de la síntesi en el desenvolupament de productes naturals, ja sigui en la determinació d’estructura, estereoquímica o en la producció en sí.
Mizuno, Carolina Megumi. « Estudos químicos e microbiológicos de microrganismos associados à esponja marinha Dragmacidon reticulatum, objetivando o isolamento de metabólitos secundários bioativos ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6959.
Texte intégralUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Fungi are known as one of the most promising sources of unprecedent bioactive compounds, however, marine derived fungi are still very poorly studied. These microorganisms present high percentages of active metabolites and they are commonly isolated from marine invertebrates. At this study, the associated microbiota of the marine sponge Dragmacidon reticulatum was investigated in order to know the microbial diversity and explore the biotechnological potential of those strains for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Fragments from D. reticulatum were incubated on Petri dishes with different growth media. Forty five strains were isolated, although only 40 presented satisfactory growth for the preservation and production of extracts. From these, 32 strains were analysed for their genetic polymorphism through the ARDRA method that showed 24 different ribotypes. Extracts produced from the growing media of the 40 strains were evaluated for their cytotoxic and/or antimicrobial activity. From those, 22 presented biological activities in at least one of the bioassays, and had their chemical profiles evaluated in HPLC-UV-MS. Considering only the different ribotypes, 20 strains were selected by the biological activity of their extracts and were submitted to molecular identification. These isolates were attributed to the Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Myrmecridium, Microphaeropsis, Sporidesmium and Westerdykella genera. One strain was identified as actinobacteria from the Streptomyces sp. genus, and had its extract investigated, because the marine derived actinobacteria are also potential sources of bioactive compounds. The isolation of the unprecedented compounds _,_-dehydrocurvularin, the I-6, O-2 and JKL-4, produced by the fungus Penicillium decaturense, demonstrated the effectiveness of the screening procedures used in strain selection as producers of metabolites of biotechnical interest, and the need of more studies with this strain and the other strains selected in this study (Streptomyces sp., Westerdykella sp. and Sporidesmium sp.). The results confirmed the biotechnological potential presented by marine derived fungi.
Os fungos são conhecidos como uma das fontes mais promissoras de compostos bioativos inéditos, no entanto, fungos derivados do ambiente marinho ainda são pouco estudados. Estes microrganismos apresentam altas porcentagens de metabólitos ativos e são comumente isolados de invertebrados marinhos. No presente estudo, a esponja marinha Dragmacidon reticulatum foi selecionada para ter sua microbiota associada investigada, de maneira a conhecer a diversidade de microrganismos associados a esta esponja e explorar o potencial biotecnológico destas linhagens para a produção de metabólitos secundários bioativos. Fragmentos da esponja D. reticulatum foram incubados em placas de Petri contendo diferentes meios de crescimento. Foram isoladas 45 linhagens, das quais 40 apresentaram crescimento satisfatório para preservação e produção de extratos. Destas, 32 foram avaliadas quanto ao seu polimorfismo genético por meio do método ARDRA. Os resultados da avaliação da diversidade genética permitiram identificar 24 ribotipos distintos das linhagens microbianas isoladas. Extratos produzidos a partir do cultivo das 40 linhagens isoladas foram avaliados quanto à sua atividade citotóxica e/ou antimicrobiana. Destes, 22 apresentaram atividade biológica em pelo menos um dos bioensaios, e tiveram seu perfil químico avaliados em CLAE-UV-EM. Considerando apenas os ribotipos distintos, 20 linhagens foram selecionadas pela atividade biológica de seus extratos e foram submetidas à identificação molecular. Estes isolados foram atribuídos aos gêneros Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Myrmecridium, Microphaeropsis, Sporidesmium e Westerdykella. Uma das linhagens foi identificada como uma actinobactéria do gênero Streptomyces sp., e teve seu extrato investigado, pois actinobactérias derivadas do ambiente marinho também são fontes potenciais de compostos bioativos. O isolamento da _,_- dehidrocurvularina e dos compostos I-6, O-2 e JKL-4 inéditos na literatura, a partir do fungo Penicillium decaturense, evidenciou a efetividade da seleção das linhagens como produtoras de metabólitos de interesse biotecnológico e a necessidade de continuidade dos estudos deste isolado e das outras linhagens selecionadas neste estudo (Streptomyces sp., Westerdykella sp. e Sporidesmium sp.). Os resultados confirmam o potencial biotecnológico apresentado por fungos derivados do ambiente marinho.
Neto, Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento. « Efeito prÃ-cicatrizante do triterpeno 3β,6β,16β-Trihydroxylup-20(29)-ENE (CLF-1) isolado de folhas de Combretum leprosum e atividade antitumoral de uma lectina isolada da esponja marinha Haliclona caerulea ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17111.
Texte intégralThe number of cases of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic wounds has increasing every year. In this sense, wound healing has become one the major dermatological problems. Secondary metabolites from plants have been used in several assays as promising molecules on various diseases attracted importance on treatment of various diseases. However, there are few data about it effect on wound healing. Combretum leprosum Mart. is a native species of the Caatinga and its ethanolic extract is commonly used as a healing agent, as a sedative and treatment of haemorrhages. A of the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF-1) isolated from ethanolic extract from the leaves of Combretum leprosum on skin wounds induced in vitro and in vivo lesions was avaluated. In vitro assay, the CLF-1 (2.5 μg/mL) not showed toxicity to human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Moreover, the CLF-1 induced fibroblasts migration to the healing of the artificial injury with most effectiveness than control at 24h. In addition, the molecular mechanism of the CLF-1 treatment was studied. The results suggest that migration of fibroblasts occurs by upregulated expression of TGF-β1 and reduced levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. In the in vivo study, experimental skin lesions were created in the back of mice and treatment with the ethanolic extract from C. leprosum (EECL) and CLF-1 was evaluated for 12 days. The treatment with EECL and CLF-1 induced a faster and more effective epithelialization when compared to control. The histopathological assessment showed that EECL and CLF-1 has similar profiles during the regenerative process. This result suggest that probably the active component in the EECL may be CLF-1. Beyond of the spend about the wound healing chronic diseases as cancer are estimated as one of the main causes of dead and one of the main spending factors to the health systems. The conventional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radio are effective against primary tumors, hence not have the same effect in the later stages of the disease. In this sense, several biomolecules has attracted interest from the researchers because its antitumor potential. Marine sponjes are a biological reservoir of biomolecules, especially lectins. Lectins are proteins that bind reversibel way to carbohydrate epitops without modified them. Unlike plant lectins, there are few reports describing the mechanism of action of lectins from marine sponges to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. The effect of a lectin isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona caerulea (H3) on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line was evaluated. H3 caused MCF7 cell reduction of viability in more than 50% (IC50=100 μg/ml) at 6h, 24h and 48h. However, on normal cells, the treatment with H3 induced a reduction in over 50% only at the highest dose tested (500 μg/ml). Furthermore, H3 provoke arrest in the G1 cell cycle phase and induce MCF7 cells apoptosis in 24h and 48h. Lysotracker Red and real-time qPCR assays suggest that effect of H3 may be related to a dynamic balance between apoptosis and autophagic cell death mediated by increase of expression of caspase-9 and LC3. In conclusion, the results suggest that CLF-1 and H3 lectin may be promising biomolecules to treatment of acute and chronic wounds and rare diseases like cancers.
O nÃmero de casos de morbimortalidade em pacientes com feridas crÃnicas vem aumentando a cada ano. Nesse sentido, a cicatrizaÃÃo de feridas tem se tornado um dos principais problemas dermatolÃgicos. MetabÃlitos secundÃrios de plantas tem sido utilizados em vÃrios estudos como molÃculas promissoras no tratamento de vÃrias patologias. Entretanto, sÃo poucos os dados sobre seu efeito na cicatrizaÃÃo de feridas. Combretum leprosum Mart. à uma planta nativa da Caatinga e seu extrato etanÃlico à bastante utilizado na medicina popular para cicatrizaÃÃo de feridas, como sedativo ou tratamento de hemorragias. Um dos objetivos do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do triterpeno 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene (CLF-1) isolado do extrato etanÃlico de folhas de Combretum leprosum sobre lesÃes induzidas in vitro e in vivo. No ensaio in vitro, o CLF-1 (2,5 μg/mL) nÃo apresentou toxicidade a fibroblastos dermais humanos (HDF). AlÃm disso, o CLF-1 induziu a migraÃÃo de fibroblastos para o fechamento da lesÃo artificial de maneira mais efetiva, comparado ao controle, em 24h. AlÃm disso, o mecanismo molecular do efeito do CLF-1 foi estudado. Os resultados sugerem que a migraÃÃo de fibroblastos pode ocorrer pelo aumento da expressÃo de TGF-β1 e reduÃÃo nos nÃveis da citocina inflamatÃria TNF-α. No estudo in vivo, lesÃes experimentais foram induzidas na regiÃo dorsal de camundongos e o tratamento com o extrato etanÃlico de C. leprosum (EECL) e CLF-1 foi avaliado por um periodo de 12 dias. Os tratamentos com EECL e CLF-1 induziram uma reepitelizaÃÃo mais rÃpida e efetiva em comparaÃÃo ao controle. O estudo histopatolÃgico mostrou que EECL e CLF-1 apresentam perfis similares durante o processo regenerativo. Esses resultados sugerem que, provavelmente o componente ativo no EECL possa ser o CLF-1. AlÃm dos elevados custos relacionados a cicatrizaÃÃo de feridas, patologias crÃnicas como o cÃncer sÃo estimados como uma das principais causas de morte e um dos principais fatores dispendiosos para os sistemas de saÃde. Os tratamentos convencionais como cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia sÃo efetivos contra tumores primÃrios, contudo, nÃo possuem o mesmo efeito nos estÃgios mais avanÃados da doenÃa. Nesse sentido, muitas biomolÃculas tem atraÃdo interesse da comunidade cientÃfica devido ao seu potencial antitumoral. Esponjas marinhas sÃo consideradas reservas biolÃgicas de vÃrias biomolÃculas, sobretudo lectinas. Lectinas sÃo proteÃnas que se ligam a carboidratos de maneira reversÃvel sem alterar sua estrutura. De modo diferente como relaÃÃo a lectinas de plantas, hà poucos relatos na literatura descrevendo o mecanismo de aÃÃo de lectinas de esponjas sobre a induÃÃo de apoptose de cÃlulas tumorais. O efeito antitumoral de uma lectina isolada da esponja marinha Haliclona caerulea (H3) sobre cÃlulas do adenocarcinoma de mama humano MCF7 foi avaliado. H3 induziu a reduÃÃo da viabilidade celular de MCF7 em mais de 50% (IC50=100 μg/mL) em 6h, 24h e 48h. Contudo, sobre cÃlulas normais, o tratamento com H3 induziu a reduÃÃo em mais de 50%, apenas na maior dose testada (500 μg/mL). AlÃm disso, H3 provoca arraste no ciclo celular na fase G1 e induz apoptose das cÃlulas MCF7 em 24 e 48h. Ensaios utilizando Lysotracker Red e PCR em tempo-real sugerem que o efeito de H3 pode estar relacionado a um balanÃo dinÃmico entre apoptose e autofagia, mediados pelo aumento da expressÃo de caspase-9 e LC3. Em conclusÃo, os resultados sugerem que o CLF-1 e H3 podem ser biomolÃculas promissoras para o tratamento de feridas agudas e crÃnicas e enfermidades como cÃncer.
Andreguetti, Daniel Xavier. « Prospecção de bioativos farmacológicos em algas marinhas Rhodophyta e Heterokontophyta e avaliação de citotoxicidade ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-19112015-102536/.
Texte intégralSeveral therapeutic drugs manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry are chemical structures isolated from organisms that are found in nature or molecules based on that. May be included at this group drugs isolated from marine organisms, like corals, sponges and seaweeds, known as great secondary metabolites producers. Based on this facts the objective of the present study is to perform a prospection study to achieve bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical purposes, on extracts made from red (Rhodophyta) and brown (Heterokontophyta) seaweed collected in the Brazilian shore. The prospection studies was performed by means of evaluation of the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antiparasitic (against Leishmania and Schistosoma) potential. In the evaluation were tested the supercritical extracts of 5 different species, including 2 brown species: Dictyota dichotoma and D. menstrualis and 3 red species: Chondria littoralis, Spyridia hypnoides and Plocamium brasiliense. The extracts were evaluated by their potential bioactive compounds and the most promising results were selected for the following fractionation steps. Overall the extracts have shown good results and may be represent a potential source of bioactive molecules. The extracts of both D. dichotoma and D. menstrualis were submitted to a bioguided fractionation process by their antischistosomal activities. It was still included a third extract from D. mertensii to the studies and every step was monitored by LC-MS techniques. Comparing the detected mass for each active fraction, it was observed the presence of a substance with m/z 271,24 in all of the extracts, so the isolating procedures were directed to obtain that specific molecule, which was obtained in a biomass of 7 mg. Differently than expected the molecule when evaluated isolated do not show the antischistosomal activity, leading to the hypothesis that the activity was related to different molecules for each species or even the observed effect is resulted by an interaction mechanism with another substances by an additive or synergist mechanism. The overall evaluation of the whole work show some promising results and it represent a great support for future fractionation works.
Gil, Escolano Alejandro. « Studies toward the synthesis of marine natural products Phormidolides B-D ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/544128.
Texte intégralLos productos naturales marítimos (MNPs) son puntos de partida muy válidos para programas de desarrollo de fármacos. Generalmente, los MNPs muestran una orientación espacial bien definida que ha evolucionado durante miles de años para interaccionar con su diana terapéutica y las condiciones especiales presentes en mares, lagos, océanos y ríos permiten la biosíntesis de compuestos de gran potencia. Las Formidolidas B, C y D (PM B-D) son una familia de policétidos que fue aislada en 2010 por la compañía farmacéutica Pharmamar S.A. durante una expedición para recoger muestras en Madagascar. Los extractos dieron una mezcla de PM B-D que, una vez purificadas, se ensayaron (IC50) contra tres líneas celulares de cáncer. Los resultados mostraron actividad en el rango micromolar con un mecanismo de acción desconocido. Utilizando técnicas de HRMS, 1D-NMR y 2D-NMR se determinó una posible estructura para esta familia de MNPs. Siguiendo el trabajo de tesis doctorales anteriores (el Dr. Adriana Lorente y el Dr. Janire Lamariano) esta tesis describe, como un compendio de publicaciones, varios estudios sintéticos para conseguir una síntesis total robusta que confirme la información estructural de las PM B-D. Después de una introducción general (Capítulo 1), en el Capítulo 2 (Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 6246.) se describe una optimización para la síntesis del núcleo macrocíclico presente en las PM B-D. En el Capítulo 3 (Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 21, 7033.) se explica, por primera vez, la síntesis e introducción de la parte más compleja de la molécula: el dominio bromo-metoxi-dieno (BMD) presente al final de cadena polihidroxilada. Después de este avance, el Capítulo 4 (Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 4485.) ilustra la síntesis enantioselectiva de la cadena poliólica presente en la Oscillariolida y en las Formidolidas. El capítulo 5 relata la preparación de los ácidos grasos presentes en las PM C y D. Finalmente, después de las optimizaciones sintéticas anteriores, el Capítulo 6 describe el primer enfoque sintético para la construcción de esta compleja familia de productos naturales usando una estrategia muy convergente. Finalmente, se incluye, como un anexo, una revisión titulada “Role of the Nozaki-Hiayama-Kishi-Takai coupling in the synthesis of natural products” (Chem. Rev, 2017, 117, 8420.) para explicar profundamente los usos de esta reacción usada, también, para la síntesis de las formidolidas B-D. Las conclusiones generales de este trabajo están comentadas al final de la presente tesis.
Ióca, Laura Pavan. « Estudo do metabolismo de fungos utilizando precursores isotopicamente marcados com 13C ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-15122015-110929/.
Texte intégralThis investigation aimed investigated the formation routes of secondary metabolites using 13C-labelled precursors. Feeding experiments with [1-13C]acetate, [1,2-13C2]acetate and [U-13C315N1]-L-cysteine within the growth medium of the marine-derived fungi Penicillium sp. DRF2 showed that cyclothiocurvularins are derived from polyketides and from the incorporation of a L-cysteine residue, after its transformation into 3-mercaptopyruvate. The results suggest that the formation of cyclothiocurvularins is derived from a detoxification process ofα,β-dehydrocurvularin. Investigation of the secondary metabolism of a marine-derived Aspergillus sp. DLM3-8 indicated a stable metabolic profile under a variety of growth conditions. Feeding experiments with 13C-labelled precursors for the biosynthesis investigation of naphthoquinoneimine were inconclusive, indicating that other methodologies should be envisaged in order to investigate the biosynthesis of this metabolite.
Núñez, Pons Laura. « Ecología química en el bentos marino de la Antártida : productos naturales y defensa química en esponjas hexactinélidas, corales blandos y ascidias coloniales ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104105.
Texte intégralLos habitantes del bentos antártico combaten la depredación, la competencia y el recubrimiento desarrollando mecanismos como la defensa química. Ésta estrategia está particularmente extendida entre organismos sésiles y organismos de cuerpo blando. Las defensas repelentes contra depredadores han de considerarse junto con la calidad nutricional, pues las dietas muy energéticas enmascaran la repelencia. La producción de metabolitos secundarios defensivos es costosa. Por ello, la Teoría de Defensa Optimizada (ODT) prevé que han de localizarse en las regiones corporales más valiosas o expuestas. En las comunidades antárticas los principales depredadores son las estrellas de mar y se postula la concentración de defensas en áreas superficiales en las presas. Pero también influyen las poblaciones de anfípodos asociados a los biosustratos, obteniendo en ellos refugio y fuente de alimentación. Esta tesis se centra en las defensas químicas de tres grupos relevantes del bentos antártico relativamente poco estudiados: esponjas hexactinélidas, corales blandos y ascidias coloniales. Se seleccionaron dos depredadores simpátricos, la estrella Odontaster validus y, por primera vez, fue utilizado el anfípodo Cheirimedon femoratus. Diseñamos un nuevo protocolo con numerosas ventajas metodológicas además de un gran potencial discriminatorio, y observamos que en 31 especies hubo mayor repelencia hacia el anfípodo que hacia la estrella, sobretodo en algas y esponjas, que podrían representar potenciales huéspedes-presa. A partir de aquí estudiamos muestras de los tres grupos seleccionados. En hexactinélidas, las defensas químicas son más débiles y derivadas del metabolismo primario, pero compensadas con un bajo valor nutricional. Algunos glucoesfingolípidos, podrían tener valor quimiotaxonómico como marcadores de la familia Rossellidae. En corales blandos existen metabolitos de defensa primarios y secundarios operando sinérgicamente, y probablemente forman parte del mucus superficial. En ascidias coloniales, los metabolitos defensivos son secundarios y muy potentes; además, en algunas especies éstos tienden a acumularse en tejidos internos, presumiblemente para producir larvas protegidas químicamente. Las ascidias mostraron poca actividad antibacteriana, pero algunos corales exhibieron respuestas inhibitorias. Esta Tesis proporciona la estructura, distribución y posible origen de los metabolitos responsables de las actividades defensivas en tres grupos relevantes de invertebrados antárticos.
Alencar, Daniel Barroso de. « BioprospecÃÃo e atividade biolÃgica de produtos naturais das algas marinhas vermelhas Pterocladiella capillacea e Osmundaria obtusiloba ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16230.
Texte intégralCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
O ambiente marinho possui grande biodiversidade de algas marinhas, sendo uma rica fonte natural de muitos compostos biologicamente ativos, como, compostos orgÃnicos volÃteis, carotenoides, clorofilas, ficobilinas, terpenos, esteroides, compostos fenÃlicos, alcaloides, polissacarÃdeos, vitaminas e Ãcidos graxos saturados e poli-insaturados, tornando-as cada vez mais procuradas para fins comerciais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar bioprospecÃÃo e avaliar atividades biolÃgicas de produtos naturais das algas marinhas vermelhas Pterocladiella capillcea e Osmundaria obtusiloba. Os extratos etanÃlicos a 70% (EtOH 70%) das algas apresentaram os maiores valores do conteÃdo fenÃlico total (CFT) comparados aos extratos hexÃnicos (Hex). Os resultados do DPPH dos extratos Hex e EtOH 70% da O. obtusiloba foram maiores (43,46% e 99,47%) do que aqueles da P. capillacea (33,04% e 40,81%), na concentraÃÃo de 1.000 μg/mL. Quanto à habilidade de quelaÃÃo de Ãons ferrosos (FIC), observou-se um comportamento inverso, os extratos da P. capillacea apresentaram atividade superior aos da O. obtusiloba. Todos os extratos apresentaram um baixo poder de reduÃÃo de Ãons fÃrricos (FRAP), com variaÃÃo da densidade Ãptica entre 0,054 e 0,180. As atividades antioxidantes de todos os extratos algÃceos, avaliadas pela degradaÃÃo do β-caroteno (BCB), foram superiores a 40%. NÃo foi observada atividade antibacteriana contra as estirpes bacterianas testadas. Entretanto, os extratos das duas espÃcies foram capazes de aglutinar cÃlulas bacterianas Gram positivas de Staphylococcus aureus e Gram negativas de Escherichia coli, Salmonella sorovar Infantis multirresistente e Vibrio harveyi. Os compostos orgÃnicos volÃteis (COVs) e os Ãcidos graxos das algas marinhas vermelhas P. capillacea e O. obtusiloba foram analisados qualitativamente por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e quantitativamente por cromatografia gasosa (CG) equipada com detector de ionizaÃÃo de chama (DIC). Quanto aos COVs, ao todo foram identificados 31 constituintes diferentes nas espÃcies de algas, sendo alguns deles comuns Ãs duas. Em P. capillacea, dos 21 constituintes identificados, os majoritÃrios foram hexanal (50,4%), 2-pentilfurano (9,2%) e heneicosano (8,8%). Em O. obtusiloba dos dos 21 constituintes identificados, os majoritÃrios foram heneicosano (57,3%), hexanal (20,5%) e 1-pentadeceno (2,6%). Nove Ãcidos graxos foram identificados por CG-EM nas duas espÃcies. Em P. capillacea, os Ãcidos graxos majoritÃrios foram Ãcido palmÃtico (88,8%), Ãcido oleico (3,1%), Ãcido araquidÃnico (2,0%) e Ãcido eicosapentaenoico (1,9%). Em O. obtusiloba, os Ãcidos palmÃtico (55,6%), eicosapentaenoico (9,1%), oleico (8,9%) e araquidÃnico (8,5%) foram os majoritÃrios. A capacidade de sequestro do radical DPPH dos Ãcidos graxos apresentou uma atividade moderada variando de 25,90% a 29,97%. Os Ãcidos graxos de P. capillacea (31,18%) apresentaram uma moderada atividade FIC e os de O. obtusiloba (17,17%), fraca. O FRAP dos Ãcidos graxos de P. capillacea e O. obtusiloba apresentou baixa atividade. Com relaÃÃo ao BCB, a alga P. capillacea apresentou uma atividade de 61,24% na concentraÃÃo de 12,5 μg/mL e O. obtusiloba apresentou uma atividade de 49,13% na concentraÃÃo de 50 μg/mL. Este à o primeiro relato sobre identificaÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo de COVs, de compostos lipofÃlicos em extratos brutos das rodÃfitas P. capillacea e O. obtusiloba na costa Nordeste do Brasil.
There is a great diversity of seaweeds in marine environment that are natural rich sources of a variety of biologically active compounds, such as, volatile organic compounds, carotenoids, chlorophyls, phycobillins, terpenes, steroids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, polysaccharides, vitamins, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, one reason for becoming desirable for commercial uses. The objective of this work was to carry on a bioprospection and the evaluation of the biological activity of the natural products from the red marine algae Pterocladiella capillacea and Osmundaria obtusiloba. The 70% ethanolic extracts (70% EtOH) from both species showed higher values of total phenolic compounds (TPC) than hexanic (Hex) ones. The results of DPPH of both extracts, Hex and 70% EtOH, from O. obtusiloba were higher (43.46% and 99.47%) than those from P. capillacea (33.04% and 40.81%), at 1,000 μg/mL concentration. In contrast, the ferrous ion chelation (FIC) activity from P. capillacea extracts was superior to those of O. obtusiloba. All extracts showed low ferric ion reduction (FRAP) activity, with optical density varying from 0.054 to 0.180. The antioxidant activities of all agal extracts, measured by β-carotene bleaching (BCB), were above 40%. No antibacterial activity was observed against the tested strains. However, the extracts of both algae were capable of agglutinating bacterial cells: Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative Escherichia coli, multi-resistant Salmonella sorovar Infantis and Vibrio harveyi. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the fatty acids of the red marine algae P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba were analyzed qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitatively by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Thirty-one different VOCs were identified in these alga species, some of which are common to both. In P. capillacea, out of twenty-one identified compounds, the major were hexanal (50.4%), 2-pentylfuran (9.2%), and heneicosane (8.8%). On the other hand, in O. obtusiloba, out of twenty-one identified compounds, the major were heneicosane (57.3%), hexanal (20.5%) and 1-pentadecane (2.6%). Nine fatty acids were identified by GC-MS in the two species. In P. capillacea, the principal fatty acids were palmitic acid (88.8%), oleic acid (3.1%), arachidodic acid (2.0%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (1.9%). In O. obtusiloba, palmitic acid (55.6%), eicosapentaenoic (9.1%), oleic (8.9%), and arachidonic (8.5%) were the most important fatty acids found. The scavenging of DPPH free radical of the fatty acids from both species showed a moderate activity, which varied from 25.90% to 29.97%. Fatty acids obtained from P. capillacea (31.18%) exhibited moderate FIC activity, whereas those from O. obtusiloba (17.17%), just weak. The FRAP measured from the fatty acids from both P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba showed low activity. Considering the BCB, the activity of P. capillacea was 61.24% in the 12.5 μg/mL concentration, and for O. obtusiloba, BCB activity was 49.13% in the 50 μg/mL concentration. This is the first report on the identification and quantification of VOC, from crude extracts of the red marine algae P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba, collected in the Northeast coast of Brazil.
Maciel, Olívia Maria Campanini. « Avaliação do potencial fotoprotetor e identificação de metabólitos secundários do fungo endofítico Annulohypoxylon stygium associado à alga marinha Bostrychia radicans ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-01062016-152033/.
Texte intégralMarine organisms consist of a potential source of biologically active secondary metabolites. In this context, the microorganisms isolated from marine algae, including fungal endophytes represent targets for the search of new substances with pronounced pharmacological potential. Natural substances from fungal species associated with marine algae, have been widely used in sunscreens formulations due to the antioxidant action and the potential against solar radiation. Thus, this study aimed to research biological and chemical profile of marine endophytic fungi belonging to the Xylariaceae family, the Annulohypoxylon stygium, the Cladosporium sp. and Acremonium implicatum (Hypocreaceae). First of all, a screening was performed to evaluate the absorption of ultraviolet light in the range of UVA and UVB by extracts obtained in pilot scale of these endophytic fungi associated with seaweed. The fungus extract A. stygium showed intense absorption in the UV region, being promising for the production of secondary metabolites with sunscreen action. In addition to the proposed test was performed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal potential of the species A. stygium. The chemical studies on increased scale of this fungus provided the isolation and identification of a novel compound of the class derived from 2,5-diketopiperazine, 3- benzylidene-2-methylhexahydropyrrolo [1,2-?] pyrazine-1,4-dione (Sf3), and beyond, four metabolites were isolated like of the diasteroisomers 1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol (Sd2) and 1- phenyl-1,2-propanediol (Sd3), 1,3-benzodioxole-5-methanol (Sc1), 1,2-propanodiol-1-(1,3- benzodioxol-5-il) (Se1). Furthermore was possible to dereplicate substances by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS) analyses: palmitic acid, methyl palmitate, methyl linoleic acid, oleic acid, benzyl alcohol and piperonal. Regarding to biological activity evaluation, it was not observed antibacterial and antifungal potential for extracts and fractions of the fungus. However, it was observed as a potential sunscreen in vitro for fractions n-Hexane/AcOEt (2:3) and n-Hexane/AcOEt (1:4) obtained from extract after 28 days growth culture of the fungus A. stygium. The mycelia were extracted with solvents dichloromethane/methanol (CH2Cl2/MeOH 2:1) and the compound Sf3 was isolated from the same extract. Thus, the chemical and biological study of the fungus Annulohypoxylon stygium demonstrated the potential for production of secondary metabolites with sunscreen activity, since a novel structure displaying this potential was isolated and identified as a natural product.
Oliveira, Ana Ligia Leandrini de. « Avaliação química e biológica de espécimens de Bostrychia radicans (Rhodomelaceae) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-09032009-125022/.
Texte intégralRed macroalgae from Bostrychia radicans (Rhodomelaceae) species were collected in different ecosystems in Ubatuba, north littoral of São Paulo state, more specifically in Praia Dura rocky shores and Rio Escuro mangrove. The extracts and fractions obtained from specimens, of the two regions, expressed different responses when the trypanocide, leishmanicide, antitumoral, antifungic and citotoxic activities were evaluated. Based on these results, we could infer that there is a possible relation between the environmental variations and the production of secondary metabolites with biological activity, in this specie. At the same time, comparative analyses of chemical profiles of B. radicans from the different ecosystems were done in order to stabilish the influence of the habitat. The chemical profile of volatile compounds of B. radicans, obtained by solid phase microextraction, diverged significantly according to their habitat (mangrove or rocky shore) and the rocky shore specimens showed more variability of compounds. On the other hand, the chemical profile of apolar constituents, performed by GC-MS, were not significantly different in their midst. Concerning the chromatographic profile of polar constituents, obtained by HPLC, it was observed that these compounds were very similar. Moreover the chemical study of this species led to the isolation of cholesterol, and 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzamide, and other constituents isolated together, like: heptadecane, squalene, tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids, methyl 9-octadecenoate and methyl hexadecanoate, trans-phytol e neophytadiene; behind the phenols: 4-metoxymethylphenol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, methyl 4-hydroxybenzeneacetate, methyl 4-hydroxymandelate, methyl 4-dihydroxybenzenepropanoate, hydroquinone, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid and 4-fomylcarbonyl-phenol.
Pereira, Juliana Campos. « Avaliação do potencial imunomodulador sobre o sistema complemento humano de frações da alga marinha Bostrychia tenella e de extratos de micro-organismos endofíticos associados ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-10012013-165031/.
Texte intégralNature has always provided an extremely rich source of compounds and substances used by man for various purposes, mainly in the medical field because natural products include a variety of therapeutic agents for various diseases such as infectious diseases, cancer, lipid and immune disorders. With the need to find new drugs for either well defined diseases as for new ones, the search for substances with biological activities becomes essential. Exotic sources such as marine environment, and recently the world of micro-organisms have gained great interest in the scientific community due to the fact that they were little known and explored. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess whether different fractions of marine macroalgae Bostrychia tenella and extracts of endophytic micro-organisms isolated from this species possess immunomodulatory activity on the human complement system (CS), which is recognized as one of the major effectors of the inflammatory process. Started by three distinct pathways (classical, alternative and lectin), it leads to the formation of cleavage products and activation complexes which have various important biological functions such as chemotaxis, activation of phagocytes, mast cell degranulation, cytolysis, cellular activation and apoptosis. Thereby, this system plays an important role in various inflammatory reactions, as well as various pathogenic mechanisms of tissue damage. Through the hemolytic activity assays, 10 of the initial 20 samples were selected because they were able to modulate this activity of the CS in the pool of normal human serum (NHS). The 10 samples (among fractions, subfractions and extracts of B. tenella and its endophytic micro-organisms) were able to induce the generation of fragments from C3, a central component of the CS, which was observed both in immuno electrophoresis technique and Western blotting. Also, we observed the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in enzyme immunoassay, indicating that there was total activation of the CS. By the results obtained in Western blotting for fragments of C4 and Factor B was possible to identify which pathways are activated in CS, when correlated with the results of hemolytic assays for the classical/lectin (VC/VL) and alternative pathway (VA). Thus, we conclude that the 10 selected samples have immunomodulatory effects in human CS because they were able to activate it either by VC/VL or VA. It follows also that the hemolytic assay by the kinetic method is an important tool for screening, as well as Western blotting of NHS to detect fragments of the CS.
Ehlert, Everton 1991, Ricardo Andrade 1960 Rebelo, Sandro Lucio 1980 Mireski et Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. « Preparação de derivados do (-)-drimenol como precursores para a semissíntese de quinonas/hidroquinonas sesquiterpênicas marinhas bioativas ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2016. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2016/361554_1_1.pdf.
Texte intégralCo-orientador: Sandro Lucio Mireski.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Química) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau.
Silva, Vinicius Paschoalini [UNESP]. « Avaliação química e biológica de fungos endofíticos associados à alga marinha Padina gymnospora ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97977.
Texte intégralConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O projeto proposto tem como objetivo principal a obtenção de substâncias bioativas a partir do estudo químico/biológico dos extratos brutos produzidos pelos fungos endofíticos Pg-1, Lasiodiplodia sp. (Pg-2) e Pg-3, os quais foram isolados da alga parda Padina gymnospora. Estes endófitos foram cultivados em escala reduzida em meio de arroz (cultura sólida) fornecendo os respectivos extratos brutos. Nestes extratos avaliou-se a produção metabólica a partir das análises em CCDC, CLAE-DAD e RMN de 1H e foram submetidos à bioensaios para avaliar a potencialidade antifúngica e anticolinesterásica, onde estes extratos demonstraram ser promissores. O endófito selecionado para estudos posteriores (Lasiodiplodia sp.) cultivado em arroz, forneceu o extrato bruto em acetonitrila. O extrato bruto em acetonitrila foi fracionado em coluna de sílica gel de fase normal, resultando em treze frações, as quais foram avaliadas quanto ao seu perfil cromatográfico e químico em CCDC e RMN de 1H, respectivamente. O fracionamento realizado em cromatografia de coluna aberta, resultou no isolamento de uma substância pura a partir da fração L. sp-Fr80:20, sendo identificada como meleina (1). Isolou-se duas substâncias, lasiodiplodina (2) e des-Ometil- lasiodiplodina (3) por CCDC preparativa a partir da fração L. sp-Fr70:30. As substâncias foram elucidadas pela análise dos espectros de RMN de 1H 1D e 2D, espectros de RMN de 13C e pela espectrometria de massas (EM-ESI), sendo este o primeiro relato da identificação de isocumarinas e lactonas a partir de fungos endofíticos associados à alga marinha Padina gymnospora
The project proposed has as main objective to obtain bioactive substances from the chemical/biological study of crude extracts produced by endophytic fungi Pg-1, Lasiodiplodia sp. (Pg-2) and Pg-3, isolated from brown seaweed Padina gymnospora. These endophytes were cultivated in a small scale in the middle of rice (solid culture) providing the respectives crude extracts. In these extracts were evaluated the metabolic production by CCDC, HPLCDAD and 1H NMR analyzes and were submitted to bioassays to evaluation the antifungal and acetylcholinesterase potential, where these extracts showed promising. The endophyte selected for further studies (Lasiodiplodia sp.) was grown on rice, provided the acetonitile crude. The EtOAc crude was fractionated on a column of normal silica gel phase, resulting in thirteen fractions, which were evaluated for their chemical and chromatographic profile of CCDC and 1H NMR, respectively. The fractionation carried out in an open column chromatography, resulted in the isolation of a pure substance from the fraction L.sp, Fr80:20, identified as mellein (1). Two compounds, lasiodiplodin (2) and des-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3) was isolated by preparative TLC assay from the fraction L.sp-Fr70:30. The products were elucidated by analyzing the NMR spectra 1H 1D and 2D NMR spectra and 13C by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and this is the first report of isocumarinas and lactones were isolated from endophytic fungi associated with seaweed Padina gymnospora
Silva, Vinicius Paschoalini. « Avaliação química e biológica de fungos endofíticos associados à alga marinha Padina gymnospora / ». Araraquara, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97977.
Texte intégralBanca: Angela Regina Araújo
Banca: Ana Helna Januário
Resumo: O projeto proposto tem como objetivo principal a obtenção de substâncias bioativas a partir do estudo químico/biológico dos extratos brutos produzidos pelos fungos endofíticos Pg-1, Lasiodiplodia sp. (Pg-2) e Pg-3, os quais foram isolados da alga parda Padina gymnospora. Estes endófitos foram cultivados em escala reduzida em meio de arroz (cultura sólida) fornecendo os respectivos extratos brutos. Nestes extratos avaliou-se a produção metabólica a partir das análises em CCDC, CLAE-DAD e RMN de 1H e foram submetidos à bioensaios para avaliar a potencialidade antifúngica e anticolinesterásica, onde estes extratos demonstraram ser promissores. O endófito selecionado para estudos posteriores (Lasiodiplodia sp.) cultivado em arroz, forneceu o extrato bruto em acetonitrila. O extrato bruto em acetonitrila foi fracionado em coluna de sílica gel de fase normal, resultando em treze frações, as quais foram avaliadas quanto ao seu perfil cromatográfico e químico em CCDC e RMN de 1H, respectivamente. O fracionamento realizado em cromatografia de coluna aberta, resultou no isolamento de uma substância pura a partir da fração L. sp-Fr80:20, sendo identificada como meleina (1). Isolou-se duas substâncias, lasiodiplodina (2) e des-Ometil- lasiodiplodina (3) por CCDC preparativa a partir da fração L. sp-Fr70:30. As substâncias foram elucidadas pela análise dos espectros de RMN de 1H 1D e 2D, espectros de RMN de 13C e pela espectrometria de massas (EM-ESI), sendo este o primeiro relato da identificação de isocumarinas e lactonas a partir de fungos endofíticos associados à alga marinha Padina gymnospora
Abstract: The project proposed has as main objective to obtain bioactive substances from the chemical/biological study of crude extracts produced by endophytic fungi Pg-1, Lasiodiplodia sp. (Pg-2) and Pg-3, isolated from brown seaweed Padina gymnospora. These endophytes were cultivated in a small scale in the middle of rice (solid culture) providing the respectives crude extracts. In these extracts were evaluated the metabolic production by CCDC, HPLCDAD and 1H NMR analyzes and were submitted to bioassays to evaluation the antifungal and acetylcholinesterase potential, where these extracts showed promising. The endophyte selected for further studies (Lasiodiplodia sp.) was grown on rice, provided the acetonitile crude. The EtOAc crude was fractionated on a column of normal silica gel phase, resulting in thirteen fractions, which were evaluated for their chemical and chromatographic profile of CCDC and 1H NMR, respectively. The fractionation carried out in an open column chromatography, resulted in the isolation of a pure substance from the fraction L.sp, Fr80:20, identified as mellein (1). Two compounds, lasiodiplodin (2) and des-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3) was isolated by preparative TLC assay from the fraction L.sp-Fr70:30. The products were elucidated by analyzing the NMR spectra 1H 1D and 2D NMR spectra and 13C by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and this is the first report of isocumarinas and lactones were isolated from endophytic fungi associated with seaweed Padina gymnospora
Mestre