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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Progress – History – 18th century »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 29 juillet 2025

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1

Chelaru, Carmen. "History – Culture – Music in the Romanian Eighteenth Century." Artes. Journal of Musicology 23, no. 1 (2021): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajm-2021-0001.

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Abstract Recently, I made a few forays in the history of the society, culture and music of the people in the Carpathian-Danubian space, without the intention and claim of unlocking doors thrown widely open before me by established researchers such as Lucian Boia, Theodor T. Burada, Gheorghe Ciobanu, Octavian Lazăr Cosma, Neagu Djuvara, Costin Moisil and many others. I did it especially in order to try to tear myself away from the old spread-eagle patterns, from prejudice. Thus, I ascertained that, in the flow of time, of events, of facts, the European eighteenth century constitutes a page abou

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Gluchman, Vasil. "Leibniz’s and Herder’s philosophy of optimism." Ethics & Bioethics 11, no. 1-2 (2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2021-0006.

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Abstract The author studies Leibniz’s views of vindicating God for the existence of evil in the world, as well as the idea of the best of all possible worlds, including the past and present criticism. Following Leibniz, he opted for the presentation of Herder’s philosophy of history as one of the most significant forms of philosophical optimism that influenced the first half of the 19th century, including contemporary debates on and critiques of the topic. He defines Herder’s concept as the philosophy of historical progress, which also significantly influenced Slovak philosophy of the given pe

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Sokolov, Sergei V. "Between Barbarism and Progress: Enlightenment Historical Writings on a Major Conflict in Russian History." Changing Societies & Personalities 3, no. 4 (2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2019.3.4.084.

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The dichotomy of barbarism and progress has long been a focal point for the discussions about Russia’s past and present. The discourse on Russian barbarism had been known in Europe since at least 16th century, but Enlightenment thinkers gave it a new shape by juxtaposing the ancient conception of barbarism with the rather modern idea of progress. In this article, Enlightenment historical writings are examined; the focus is on the question of how Russian history was studied in order to find signs of barbarism and the different guises of progress. The primary sources for the article are mainly R

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Volodkov, O. P. "M. N. Pokrovsky about Commercial Capitalism in Russia of the 17th - Early 18th Century in “Essay on the History of Russian Culture” and Related Works." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical studies 9, no. 1 (33) (2022): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2022.9(1).134-142.

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This article is devoted to the emergence and development of commercial capitalism in Russia of the 17th - early 18th century. M.N. Pokrovsky's views on trade capitalism are important because of the influence it had on the formation of Soviet historical science and the Marxist concept of Russian history. According to M.N. Pokrovsky, in Russia of the 17th century there was a commercial capitalism which provided economic progress of the country though did not cover all its economic system. The scientist also revealed the elements of trade capitalism. Between “Russian history since ancient times”

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Tabor, Elżbieta, Kamil Tabor, and Wojciech Pluskiewicz. "Osteoporoza od jučer do danas." Acta medico-historica Adriatica 21, no. 1 (2023): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31952/amha.21.1.7.

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Despite different lifestyles, humankind has suffered from osteoporosis for thousands of years. A literature review concerning the history of osteoporosis in the following databases: Index Medicus, Medline, PubMed, and PMC Citations was done. In the final analysis, 18 review articles and 31 original papers were included. The works were published during the period 1705-2020. Although there is evidence of the existence of osteoporosis for many centuries, it was first described as a disease at the beginning of the 18th century. It was first perceived as an unavoidable course of aging with no possi

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Terletsky, Vitali. "Historiography in the History of Philosophy: the German Context and Experience." Sententiae 41, no. 3 (2022): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/sent41.03.56.

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The paper aims to disclosure of key points in the development of the German tradition of historiography of philosophy after the 90s of the 18th century. The starting point was the so-called «dispute about the method» of historiography, which erupted in the last decade of the 18th century not without the influence of Kant’s «critical philosophy». Its participants (Reinhold, Fülleborn, Goess, Grohmann, Tennemann, and others) put forward different theses, but they agreed that it is Kant’s philosophy that makes it possible to create a «philosophical history of philosophy». A type of historiography

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Beveridge, Allan. "Reading about … the history of psychiatry." British Journal of Psychiatry 200, no. 5 (2012): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107565.

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In recent decades ideological battles have raged over how the history of psychiatry should be interpreted. Should the emergence of psychiatry in the late 18th century be seen as the triumph of the Enlightenment, ushering in a rational approach to mental illness and overturning the primitive and often barbaric ideas of previous eras? Or should the rise of psychiatry be seen in a more sinister light? Does it represent the extension of the state into the lives of its citizens, controlling and policing the disaffected and discontented? Are psychiatrists benign humanitarians or agents of oppression

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Widia Septiani. "Forms of Modernization of Islamic Education in Türkiye in the 19th Century AD." Kasyafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 1, no. 1 (2024): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.61166/kasyafa.v1i1.6.

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Discussion of the modernization of Islamic education in Türkiye is nothing new. This remarkable writing about Turkish history in every perspective, makes the specificity of this article about the history of education born in Turkey. The learning method for educational modernization carried out in Turkey shows that it has been going on for a long time because of modernization for other Muslim countries that have been paying attention to education for a long time. Based on this article, it is discussed, in order to trace the background to the emergence of educational modernization in Turkey. Thi

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Harvey, Colin E. "The History of Veterinary Dentistry Part One: From the Earliest Record to the End of the 18th Century." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 11, no. 4 (1994): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649401100401.

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Dental procedures have been performed on animals, particularly horses, since earliest recorded history. In the absence of anesthesia and an understanding of physiology and pathology, treatment often was unnecessary, inappropriate or barbaric. Progress was made very slowly.

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Slozhenikina, Yulia V., and Andrey V. Rastyagaev. "The dispute on the language norm in A.P. Sumarokov’s article “To typographers”." Russian Language Studies 18, no. 4 (2020): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2020-18-4-469-480.

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The actuality of the undertaken research is conditioned by the necessity to study the role of Russian literature and journalism, separate linguistic programs of the middle of the 18th century in assertion of the main characteristics of the literary standard, which began to take shape in 80 years of this century. The aim of the scientific study is to analyze the similarities and differences between the linguistic theories of A. Sumarokov and V. Trediakovsky, to establish the place of this polemic in the history of Russian literary language of the 18th century, its significance for the formation

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Vinokurov, Sergey Evgenievich. "Chinoiserie in the Radziwill Castles of the 18th Century. Luxury in Oriental Style." Design. Art. Industry, no. 11 (November 13, 2024): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56900/2312-6116_2024_11_87.

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The monograph by Doctor of Art History Olga Dmitrievna Bazhenova is devoted to the problem of interpreting the artistic traditions of the East in the culture of Belarus in the 18th century, namely the embodiment of the ideas of the chinoiserie style (Chinese style) in the decorative programs of the Radziwill castles and masterpieces created at the princely manufactories of the 18th century. The central place in the book is occupied by the study of the album of drawn projects of furniture, weapons, ceramics of the court artist Fischer. As the author convincingly shows, the artist's graphic proj

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SPIELMAN, R. B., and J. S. DE GROOT. "Z pinches—A historical view." Laser and Particle Beams 19, no. 4 (2001): 509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034601194012.

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Z pinches have a long and varied history. Beginning in the 18th century, z pinches have been used to heat plasmas very efficiently. Early in the nuclear fusion program, it was realized that modest currents are required to confine plasma that could produce energy gain. The instability of the confined plasma was convincingly demonstrated in experiments in the 1950s that were performed around the world. These uniformly negative results led to z pinches being dropped as a fusion concept. Recent progress in fast z pinches has reinvigorated the field. We review the field and highlight the recent adv

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Feodorov, Ionana. "Rumanian Pioneers of Oriental Studies in the 18th Century: Dimitrie Cantemir and Ianache Văcărescu." Chronos 28 (March 21, 2019): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v28i0.397.

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Due to their geographical position, the Rumanian lands have acted as a bridge between the Near East and Central Europe since time immemorial. Located on the fringes of the Greek-Orthodox world, they were part of the "Byzantine Commonwealth' '2, embracing the same spiritual values and political designs. Entering the Turkish area of influence in the 15th century contributed to their role as a territory of interchange between civilizations. Although absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, the Rumanians developed a different relationship to the Sublime Porte than that of the Western Europeans, which was

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Panchenko, Alexey B. "Supranationalism in the Era of Nationalism: Civilizational Approach From N.Ya. Danilevsky To V.I. Lamansky." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 58 (October 1, 2020): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2020-0-3-121-134.

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he notion of «civilization» entered the public discourse in the 18th century and changed significantly in the next century. In Western Europe, outlined the process of nationalization of that concept, as the result of which the idea of civilization began to be associated with particular countries. In Russia the idea of civilization as a universal level of progress that could be reached only through the joint efforts of all mankind was preserved for a long time. However, after the defeat in the Crimean War, there appeared the idea that Russia was not a part of Europe, which made it impossible to

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Glatzer, Wolfgang. "Europeans Development to Welfare and Well-Being: An Overview of 3000 Years of Progress and Regression." International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science 06, no. 02 (2025): 71–85. https://doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v6n2a8.

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According to the recommendation of famous literates to regard the own history in a time span of 3000 years these articles give a compact overview of Europeans development of welfare and well-being. When the name of Europe was introduced in Greek history it was an unknown area in the northern hemisphere who was developing to a European state ensemble when the European Union was founded after the second world war. This process is analysed systematically in the chapters of the article. They are related to the ancient peoples of the Greeks, Romans Celts and Germanics, who left their heritage for t

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Mokyr, Joel, Chris Vickers, and Nicolas L. Ziebarth. "The History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is This Time Different?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 29, no. 3 (2015): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.31.

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Technology is widely considered the main source of economic progress, but it has also generated cultural anxiety throughout history. The developed world is now suffering from another bout of such angst. Anxieties over technology can take on several forms, and we focus on three of the most prominent concerns. First, there is the concern that technological progress will cause widespread substitution of machines for labor, which in turn could lead to technological unemployment and a further increase in inequality in the short run, even if the long-run effects are beneficial. Second, there has bee

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Schröder, W. "The First International Polar Year (1882-1883) and International Geophysical Cooperation." Earth Sciences History 10, no. 2 (1991): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.10.2.lw7605573v36911w.

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As a part of the historiography of individual scientific disciplines, the present paper provides a brief history of the development of Polar geophysics. Among important factors are expeditions and international cooperation (Magnetic Association of Göttingen; First International Polar Year, Berlin Atmospheric Programme, etc,). The history of observations and scientific expeditions is reviewed. The sources of data, beginning with the 18th century, as well as the scientists and institutions involved in these programs are noted.

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Fitzgerald, Timothy. "Japan, Religion, History, Nation." Religions 13, no. 6 (2022): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13060490.

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I connect the invention of Japanese ‘religion’ since the Meiji era (1868–1912) with the invention of other modern imaginaries, particularly the Japanese Nation State and Japanese History. The invention of these powerful fictions in Japan was a specific, localised example of a global process. The real significance of this idea that religion has always existed in all times and places is that it normalises the idea of the non-religious secular as the arena of universal reason and progress. The invention of Japanese ‘religion’ had—and still has—a significant function in the wider, global context o

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Carrillo Martínez, José Ignacio. "The Manufacture of Leather as an Applied Art in the Modernisme: the Factory-Workshop of Miguel Fargas y Vilaseca." Res Mobilis 10, no. 13-2 (2021): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/rm.10.13-2.2021.204-222.

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This study intends to examine leather craft, an applied art that has not well studied in the context of Catalan Modernisme as well as raise awareness about its use for production and design of Modernista furniture and interior decoration. This handicraft, that had been in decline in the Catalan sphere since the 18th century, reappeared in Barcelona in the last quarter of the 19th century, due to the Modernista movement and the renaissance of medieval crafts. Thus, new workshops were created and their processes were modernized according to industrial progress. We will highlight the Miguel

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Bañón, Rafae, and Toño Maño. "History of the ichthyological knowledge of the Galician sea." Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 115 (2021): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29077/bol.115.e05.banon.

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This paper analyses the historical knowledge of marine ichthyology in Galicia through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates information from diverse sources of documented information. The history of ichthyology has evolved with the way humans relate to the natural world. The study of activities related to marine fish as an important source of food has been the main source of knowledge throughout history. From the 18th century onwards, with the invention of the binomial nomenclature, scientific interest and an acceleration of ichthyological knowledge arose. Since the end of the 20th cen

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Son, Tae-Chang. "Historical Writing in the Late Antiquity : Analysis on his 2nd Book: Eutropius, <<Breviarium Res Gestae Historicorum Romanorum>>." Korea Association of World History and Culture 74 (March 31, 2025): 143–70. https://doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2025.03.74.143.

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In order to understand the new tendency and the method of the use of the episodes in the historical writing of the 4th century this paper made a case study with the 2nd book of Eutropius. The 2nd Book of that author is composed of 28 chapters totally. The study has divided those chapters into 3 stages(1st-10th/11th-17th/18th-27th chapters). The first stage shows the progress of the state Rome through the competitions with the neighbor states. From the middle places of the narrative the author uses the episodes many times and seems to try to keep the reader concentrate on reading further under

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Maksimovic, Jovan, and Marko Maksimovic. "From history of proctology." Archive of Oncology 21, no. 1 (2013): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo1301028m.

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The authors of this paper presented the key moments in the development of proctology, a medical discipline which is an integral part of surgery, whose development path was inseparable from the historical development of operational medicine. Even in the ancient Egypt, proctology was an important branch of medicine. Out of eight of so far known medical papyri in the history of proctology, the most important one is the Beatty`s (Chester Beatty) papyrus from the 13th century BC, which is actually a short monograph on diseases of the anus and their treatment. In the ancient period, operative procto

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Sobolewski, Jarosław. "BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN THE HISTORICAL ASPECT OF ITS ERADICATION IN POLAND BETWEEN 1882 AND 1975." Translational Research in Veterinary Science 4, no. 1 - 2 (2021) (2022): 33–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870084.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic pulmonary disease caused by different representatives of <em>Mycobacterium</em>. The fight against bovine TB has been implemented within the framework of the 'One Health’ concept. ‘One Health’ is based on cooperation between broad medical professions, including medicine and veterinary medicine to prevent prevalence of zoonotic diseases. Analysing the development of these disciplines throughout history, we can say that they common origin. Up to the second half of the 18th century, it was often the same people treating both humans and ani

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Zhuravleva, Victoriya. "The Study of the History of US-Russia Relations in the 21st Century on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Research Approaches and Methods." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640021033-4.

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The article is devoted to the contemporary trends in studying the history of Russian-American relations from the 18th century until today. The author focuses her attention on the key books within this scholarly field as well as on a variety of genres and methodological frames represented in the U.S. and Russian historiographies in the 21st century. She also discusses prospects in studying and teaching the historical past of the bilateral relations in correlation with the different methods of engaging in dialogue with it. The author argues that in modern historical scholarship, these forms of d

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Lipkovsky, A. T. "The System of Education in the Republic of Serbia: History of Development and Current Trends." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 3/2 (June 30, 2023): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2023-3-278-289.

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The article considers the issues of education system development in Serbia, containing both historical aspects and modern trends of its progress at different levels. A brief history of the development of the education system from the time of the first modern Serbian state is specifically presented, starting with the attempts to introduce compulsory education in the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the 18th century with the help of teachers sent from the Russian Empire, then from the First Serbian Uprising in the 19th century (1804) to the present day. The overview includes all level

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Hronček, Pavel, Bohuslava Gregorová, Dana Tometzová, and Miloš Jesenský. "Scientific journeys to one of the oldest copper cementation sites in Central Europe (Smolník, Slovakia)." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 12, no. 2 (2021): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-12-179-2021.

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Abstract. The process of copper cementation has already been known since the period of antiquity in Europe. Nevertheless, the first historically relevant reports come from the 14th century from the mining town of Smolník in Upper Hungary (present-day Slovakia), which makes this site the oldest place of the commercial production of copper using cementation in Europe. It is one of the oldest known sites in the world after China, where this process has been used since the 11th century. The cementation copper from Smolník was considered to be a high-quality copper in the period between the 14th an

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Mironov, Boris. "Saint Petersburg at the Forefront of Demographic Transition in Russia." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 3 (2022): 709–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.303.

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In post-reform Russia, a demographic transition began — a replacement of the traditional type of population reproduction with the modern one. A significant part of the population had rationalized demographic behavior; demographic indicators had improved; the efficiency of population reproduction had increased; intra-family relations had been humanized; and individual birth control had been developed — mainly in cities. The demographic transition began earlier than is commonly thought — among the townspeople of the Saint Petersburg province, where obvious signs of birth control and a decrease i

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Burmistrov, Konstantin. "Mystical vision and its evaluation in the Russian freemasonry of the late 18th — early 19th century." St. Tikhons' University Review 102 (August 31, 2022): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022102.73-86.

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In the richest manuscript heritage of Russian freemasons, who lived two centuries ago, there are numerous descriptions of various mystical experiences. These are visions and mystical dreams in which beings from the other world appeared, as well as deliberately evoked mystical states by which an adept attempts to penetrate into the other world. For censorship reasons, this aspect of the activities of Russian brothers practically did not go beyond the narrow circle of initiates. The article will attempt to present the main types of mystical experience reflected in the manuscripts of Russian free

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Gagan, Rosemary R. "Mortality Patterns and Public Health in Hamilton, Canada, 1900–14." Articles 17, no. 3 (2013): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017629ar.

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In recent years a wide-ranging debate has focused on the origins and extent of the decline in mortality rates in Britain in the 18th century and in North America during the closing decades of the 19th century. Some historians suggest that the decrease was tied to a general improvement in living standards and in particular to better nutrition while others point to municipal public health measures carried out by vigilant medical health officers. This paper examines the experience of Hamilton, Ont., during a period of extreme urban and industrial expansion, 1900-14. The evidence, both qualitative

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Pezda, Jan. "Tourism. Retrotopian Time-Travel (part one)." UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, no. 2 (2021): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2021.2.9.

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The study historicizes the phenomenon of the tourism as a purely modern variety of the mobility of which inner morphology began to take form at the turn of the 19th century. First, the study draws on the innovative approach of Hasso Spode, historian of mentality, who has a profound influence over contemporary research of the history of tourism in German historiography. Using his theoretical framing, the study discloses how a travel that, from the late 18th century, had a diverse set of motives, experiences, ideas and practices, started to be cemented by a psychomental foundation: the tourist g

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Romaschko, Sergej A. "Sprachwissenschaft, Ästhetik und Naturforschung Der Goethe-Zeit." Historiographia Linguistica 18, no. 2-3 (1991): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.18.2-3.04rom.

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Summary In the emergence of comparative grammar at the beginning of the 19th century, Sanskrit played a crucial role. The manner in which Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829) characterized the grammatical structure of this language in his Ueber die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier of 1808 was of great importance for the early phases of development of Indo-European linguistics. As is shown in this paper, the characteristics attributed to Sanskrit derived not only from F. Schlegel’s romantic views on language and literature, but were also influenced by his general philosophical and natural-science view

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Srinivasan, Visish M., Brent R. O'Neill, Diana Jho, Donald M. Whiting, and Michael Y. Oh. "The history of external ventricular drainage." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 1 (2014): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.6.jns121577.

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External ventricular drainage (EVD) is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures. It was first performed as early as 1744 by Claude-Nicholas Le Cat. Since then, there have been numerous changes in technique, materials used, indications for the procedure, and safety. The history of EVD is best appreciated in 4 eras of progress: development of the technique (1850–1908), technological advancements (1927–1950), expansion of indications (1960–1995), and accuracy, training, and infection control (1995–present). While EVD was first attempted in the 18th century, it was not until 189

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Strelko, Oleh, and Oksana Pylypchuk. "Characteristics of unpaved roads in the late 18th century – early 19th century, and the design of the first wooden trackway as a forerunner to the Bukovyna railways." History of science and technology 11, no. 2 (2021): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-2-437-452.

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In the history of Bukovinian social life in the 1840–1850s, an important role is played by the fierce struggle for the introduction of rail transport. This struggle took place in the deepening crisis of the feudal system and the development of capitalism in the Austrian Empire. Primitive medieval methods of transporting goods and passengers by waterways and unpaved roads, which for centuries met the needs of feudal Bukovyna, became a brake on the economic, social and political progress of the Bukovyna region. The beginning of the transport revolution in England had a huge public response in Au

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Giron, Javier. "SEEING THE INVISIBLE. ANALYTICAL DRAWINGS BY CONSTRUCTION HISTORY PIONEERS. RESEARCH FIELD OVERVIEW." Architecture and Engineering 6, no. 1 (2021): 03–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-03-18.

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Introduction: The history of construction is a discipline that began to take shape in the mid-18th century and throughout the 19th century. We as researchers need to pay particular attention to how drawing facilitated progress during this period. This article attempts to provide an overview of the above, which is currently lacking. Methods: In this study, two lines of investigation intersect: the history of construction and the history of drawing, specifically drawing for scientific and technical representation. The main goal is to identify the sources (authors, lines of investigation) relevan

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Скворцова, Екатерина Александровна. "Сцены из древнерусской истории в книжной иллюстрации 1750-х‒начала 1830-х годов: своеобразие сюжетов". Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 14 (11 жовтня 2024): 437–53. https://doi.org/10.18688/aa2414-6-34.

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Whereas the theme of Old Russian history in academic painting and sculpture of the 2nd half of the 18th ‒ 1st third of the 19th century has justly attracted considerable scholarly attention, the prints and, specifically, book illustrations dealing with the same subject have remained largely ignored. The paper presents the results of the research which revealed 37 editions dating from the 1750s to the 1830s and illustrated with scenes from Old Russian history. Only a minority of works in question pertain to history (7). They are of interest primarily from the point of view of visual studies, as

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Hamam, H. "Principle of conservation of energy and modern theories." Physics Essays 33, no. 4 (2020): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-33.4.444.

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The famous quote of Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (18th century) “Nothing is lost, nothing is created: everything is transformed” illustrates a principle that has marked minds throughout modern history. It deals with the principle of energy conservation. In our minds, energy is conserved in our world (in our dimensions). If part of the energy drifts out of our dimensions, this will contradict the statement “Nothing is lost.” If some energy penetrates our dimensions, this will contradict the statement “Nothing is created.” Everything is transformed within our dimensions. This article discusses t

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Шпак, Г. В. "Formation of the Temporal Regime of the Modern Era on the Example of the British Educational Board Games of the XVII-XVIII Centuries." Диалог со временем, no. 85(85) (December 1, 2023): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2023.85.85.009.

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На протяжении раннего Нового времени в Англии изменяются темпоральные характеристики реальности. Представление об увядании мира и грядущем конце света заменяется доминированием идеи постепенного прогресса и движения к благоденствию и будущему процветанию. Концепция влияния планет и чисел на здоровье и жизнь людей также отходит на второй план. Традицию описаний, нацеленных на прогресс и приобретение новых знаний о мире, можно выявить в разных типах текстов – историях графств, утопических повествованиях и пр. В статье рассмотрены образовательные настольные игры, расцвет которых приходится в Англ

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Anikeeva, T. A. "The Sali Bauatdinov's manuscript sub-collection within the manuscript collection from the Karakalpak institute of humanities of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan / Nukus." Orientalistica 6, no. 2 (2023): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-2-239-248.

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This article is a continuation within a research series, which deals with hand written and early printed books, which constitute a Manuscript Collection housed at the Karakalpak Institute of Humanities of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (City of Nukus, Karakalpakstan). The Collection contains several hundred manuscripts, early printed books and lithographs in Arabic, Turkic and Persian languages from 18th to the middle of the 20th cent. This diverse Collection itself is a clear evidence of the development of the book culture in Karalpakistan. An important part of

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Kula, Ewa Teresa. "Lituanistic Motifs in the Writings of the Secondary School Teachers of the Kingdom of Poland." Res Historica 57 (October 22, 2024): 1171–87. https://doi.org/10.17951/rh.2024.57.1171-1187.

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This paper presents the profiles of ten pedagogues teaching between 1833–1915 in secondary schools of the Kingdom of Poland, who had authored texts testifying to their interest in the history and culture of Lithuania, or had announced such works in progress. The depolonisation process initiated on the territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the territories of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth both incorporated into Russia after the November Uprising at the end of the 18th century meant the Russification of these lands. Among the many restrictions, it meant enforcing the

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Khvorik, Dimitrij. "History of syphilis and dermatologic and venereal care in Grodno." Medical Science Pulse 14, SUPPLEMENT 1 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6949.

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The article provides historical data on the development of dermatological-venereal aid in Grodno region over the last centuries. the authors describe the history, epidemiology and risk factors of syphilis in Grodno. the data present the history of treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections from the beginnings of the 18th century until the end of the 20th century. the information has been collected on the basis of medical documents stored by the Grodno national archives. the article comprises unique facts of the treatment provided for the infected in various historical periods.

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Metioui, Abdeljalil. "Brief Historical Review about Magnetism: From the Ancient Greeks up the Beginning of the XXth Century." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 3, no. 9 (2022): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1561.

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Magnetism is omnipresent in multiple natural and constructed phenomena we interact with daily. However, few students knew about the different explanations advanced relative to this mysterious magnetic force imperceptible by our senses before the advent of the discovery of the atomic and molecular aspects of matter. Unfortunately, the concepts associated with the study of magnetism presented in many textbooks do not consider the conceptual difficulties encountered by scientists and the false theories developed and abandoned following new experiments and theories. Towards the end of the 18th cen

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Abdeljalil, Métioui. "Brief Historical Review about Magnetism: From the Ancient Greeks up the Beginning of the XXth Century." J Biomed Res Environ Sci 3, no. 9 (2022): 1101–7. https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1561.

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Magnetism is omnipresent in multiple natural and constructed phenomena we interact with daily. However, few students knew about the different explanations advanced relative to this mysterious magnetic force imperceptible by our senses before the advent of the discovery of the atomic and molecular aspects of matter. Unfortunately, the concepts associated with the study of magnetism presented in many textbooks do not consider the conceptual difficulties encountered by scientists and the false theories developed and abandoned following new experiments and theories. Towards the end of the 18th cen

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Cavka, Mislav, Vlatka Cavka, Tomislav Madzar, Hrvoje Cavka, Boris Olujic, and Zeljko Busic. "Nonlinear development of medicine in ancient Mesopotamia." Acta Chirurgica Croatica 3, no. 1 (2006): 39–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534204.

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Aim: Analysis of 6 ancient sources. Methods: Studying of translated ancient documents. Conclusion: Medicine as a science appeared very early, probably already in the dawn of civilization. By the end of the third millennium a tablet clay testified of complexity of Sumerian pharmacology. Techniques are preserved and transmitted through generations. In 18th century b. c. profession gained great reputation and remarkable skill. But fear from rigorous punishments (an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth) and instability of political situation slow down progress of knowledge and development of new skil

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Agratina, Elena E. "Jean-Honoré Fragonard: The New in the Notions of “Sketchiness” and “Completeness”." Observatory of Culture 18, no. 2 (2021): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2021-18-2-174-185.

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The second half of the 18th century was a time of active changes in the perception of art, rethinking many concepts and phenomena. One of them was the pictorial sketch, which transformed from a preparatory stadium work into an independent, complete piece of art. Many art theorists and critics, as well as painters themselves had contributed to this rethinking. Many young artists, bored of historical painting and indifferent to all the academic principles, were searching for new media of expressiveness, using the sketch-like pictorial manner to give their works a new dynamism and an impression o

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Abdul Ahad Radmanesh. "From the Ottoman Empire, Iran, Egypt, and Russia to Europe: A Look at 19th Century Travelogues." British Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and History 5, no. 1 (2025): 07–16. https://doi.org/10.32996/pjpsh.2025.5.1.2.

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Travelogues are considered one of the main historical sources, a significant part of the historical material discussed by old and new historians is devoted to historical journeys and recording the experiences and achievements of other communities and lands, in the 18th and 19th centuries AD (similar to the development of motorized transport), overland travel from west to east and east to west increased greatly, and many travelers with different purposes and motivations traveled long sea and land routes. In the years when they were away from their original homelands, they were occupied with rec

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Quataert, Donald. "Clothing Laws, State, and Society in the Ottoman Empire, 1720–1829." International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 3 (1997): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800064837.

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In 1826, Sultan Mahmud II orchestrated the slaughter of 6,000–7,000 janissaries and, in order to incinerate any janissary remnants that had taken refuge there, burned the Belgrade Forest outside Istanbul. During his reign (1808–39), the sultan attacked many of the other bases of the ancien régime, such as the timar system, the lifetime tax farms, and the political autonomy of provincial notables. He also centralized the pious foundations, brought them under a special ministry, and expropriated their revenues. Such stories of Sultan Mahmud's dramatic and violent policies, as well as their 18th-

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Tikhomirov, K. N., and M. N. Tikhomirova. "Preliminary Archaeological Research at the Summer Yurts of Chertanlinsky." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 30 (2024): 795–800. https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2024.30.0795-0800.

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The article reports the results of the search and preliminary studies with archaeological methods of the summer seasonal settlement of the Tara Tatars dating from the late 18th – first half of the 19th century. The summer seasonal settlements of the aboriginal population of Western Siberia are practically unknown and not subjected to archaeological research. Hence, understanding the culture and economy of these people remained incomplete. The purpose of the 2024 research was to identify and preliminary study the summer seasonal settlement of the Yurt Chertanlinsky. An analysis of maps and plan

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Pezda, Jan. "Tourism. Retrotopian Time-Travel (part two)." UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 20, no. 3 (2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2021.3.1.

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The study historicizes the phenomenon of tourism as a purely modern variety of the mobility of which inner morphology began taking form at the turn of the 19th centuries. First, the study draws on the innovative approach of Hasso Spode, historian of mentality, who has a profound influence over contemporary research of the history of tourism in German historiography. Using his theoretical framing, the study discloses how travel that, from the late 18th century, had been a diverse set of motives, experiences, ideas and practices, started to be cemented by a psychomental foundation: the tourist g

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Калинина, Ю. В. "History of Domestic Dental Education: Scientific and Pedagogical Approaches and Educational Practices." Higher education today, no. 3 (June 20, 2024): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.het.24.03.p.106.

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Статья содержит ретроспективный обзор становления стоматологического (зубоврачебного) образования, зарождавшегося в России в начале XVIII века. Анализируется эволюция программ обучения стоматологов и специалистов в области челюстно-лицевой хирургии. Подчеркивается тенденция введения в практику различных форм их последипломного образования и совершенствования зубоврачебной деятельности. Отмечена роль видных отечественных ученых-медиков в развитии стоматологического образования на протяжении истории Российской империи, СССР и Российской Федерации. The article contains a retrospective review of t

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Kleinert, Andreas. "Leonhardi Euleri Opera omnia: Editing the works and correspondence of Leonhard Euler." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 14 (May 27, 2015): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23921749pkhn_pau.16.002.5258.

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The paper gives an overview on the history and present state of the edition of the complete works of Leonhard Euler (1707–1783). After several failed initiatives in the 19th century, the project began in 1907 with the edition of Euler’s printed works. The works were divided into three series: I. Mathematics (29 volumes); II. Mechanics and Astronomy (31 volumes); and III. Physics and Miscellaneous (12 volumes). After several ups and downs due to two World Wars and economic problems, the publication of the printed works with a total of 72 volumes is nearly finished. Only two volumes on perturbat

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