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1
SCARPA, MARIAGIOVANNA. "La cassazione come giudice del processo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7778.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Con il lavoro "la Cassazione come giudice del processo" ma volontariamente circoscritto all’indagine intorno al motivo di ricorso di cui al n. 4 dell’art. 360 c.p.c., si sono analizzati i tratti salienti del sindacato della Corte di Cassazione nei casi in cui essa si trovi a dover decidere ricorsi volti alla denuncia di nullità affligenti il procedimento di merito. Al fine di svolgere l'analisi di cui sopra è parso imprescindibile partire da un’analisi dei concetti di nullità ed ancor prima di atto processuale, senza la quale sarebbe stato del tutto impossibile circoscrivere l’oggetto precipuo della ricerca. Poiché l’indagine è stata dedicata all’ipotesi di ricorso per nullità della sentenza o del procedimento è sembrato, infatti, indispensabile procedere, in limine, alla chiarificazione, per quanto possibile, dei concetti che la disposizione contempla.Fatto ciò, ci si è spinti all’indagine del metodo di giudizio che la Corte adotta quando sia chiamata a pronunciarsi su detto motivo. La ricerca ha permesso di evidenziare come la Corte di Cassazione, nella fattispecie considerata, disponga del potere di riesaminare le "carte" processuali, onde saggiare la sussistenza o meno del vizio denunciato, osservazione che, come si è visto, ha indotto ed induce molti Autori e lo stesso organo supremo a sostenere che, in tali casi, la Corte sia anche giudice del fatto. Si sono studiati i caratteri peculiari del giudizio di cassazione volto alla censura di nullità, anche alla luce delle recentissime novità introdotte con la legge n. 69/2009. Infine si sono analizzate le peculiarità del giudizio di rinvio consguente alla cassazione della sentenza per vizi di nullità
2
Roberts, S. K. P. "Prosecutorial discretion in the pre-trial criminal process : the Crown Prosecutor and Assistant United States Attorney compared." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367790.
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3
Bådagård, Lovisa. "The Gatekeeper of the ICC : Prosecutorial strategies for selecting situations and cases at the International Criminal Court." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283406.
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4
Yang, Kenny. "Prosecutorial discretion: A balancing act." Thesis, Yang, Kenny (2012) Prosecutorial discretion: A balancing act. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/14699/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The role of the prosecutor and the exercise of prosecutorial discretion can have an enormous impact on the outcome of criminal proceedings. The exercise of prosecutorial discretion is, however, often secretive and misunderstood. There have been concerns that a lack of accountability and transparency can result in a fertile bed for corruption. Australia has acknowledged this and taken steps to address the issue, but these measures have not come without their own costs.
The concern is that these measures may, if anything, hamper the administration of justice and result in an inefficient criminal justice system. Indeed, these concerns have been noted by Singapore who has hesitant to replicate the Australian position for fear of the inefficiency in the criminal justice system that would inevitably occur.
Accountability and transparency is thus weighed up against the efficient administration of justice. Both are necessary in a functioning criminal justice system, yet each comes at the expense of the other. This can be demonstrated by Professor Herbart Parker‘s ‗Two Models of Criminal Processes‘ – the Due Process and Crime Control models.
How then does one balance the two competing interests? As this paper will argue, there is no perfect system and a careful examination of a community‘s cultural values and the objectives of criminal justice system will be necessary to find the appropriate equilibrium in the balancing act of prosecutorial discretion.
5
Примєра, В. В. "Прокурор як суб’єкт кримінальної процесуальної діяльності". Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/19639.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Примєра В. В. Прокурор як суб’єкт кримінальної процесуальної
діяльності : проблемні аспекти : магістерська робота : 081 «Право» / В. В. Примєра ; керівник роботи Сенченко Н. М. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра кримінального права та правосуддя. – Чернігів, 2020. – 108 с.<br>Актуальність дослідження полягає в тому, що органи прокуратури
України на сьогодні перебувають на завершальній стадії реформування,
метою якого стало вдосконалення діяльності прокурора у кримінальному
провадженні, з урахуванням європейських стандартів. Зміни, які вже
відбулись у кримінальному процесуальному законодавстві щодо
процесуального статусу прокурора в кримінальному провадженні
потребують детального аналізу, розробок нових підходів до розуміння
окремих питань щодо ролі прокурора, оскільки він є основним суб’єктом
забезпечення прав і свобод людини у кримінальному процесі.
В першому розділі розкриваються конституційні основи діяльності
органів прокуратури, досліджується структура і зміст правового статусу
прокурора та з’ясовується завдання та функції діяльності прокурора у
кримінальному провадженні.
В другому розділі досліджується поняття процесуального керівництва,
визначаються повноваження прокурора, спрямовані на виявлення порушень
законності органами досудового розслідування, а також під час судового
провадження.
Третій розділ присвячено вдосконаленню правового регулювання
діяльності прокурора з урахуванням європейських стандартів.
Наукова новизна роботи. На підставі аналізу відповідних наукових
підходів, положень кримінального процесуального законодавства, з метою
підвищення ефективності проведення досудового розслідування, чіткої
регламентації повноважень прокурора, необхідно законодавчо розмежувати
функції нагляду та процесуального керівництва. А також привести у
відповідність до Конституції України положень КПК України та Закону
України «Про прокуратуру» щодо уніфікації терміна «публічне
обвинувачення».
Робота виконана з використанням сучасних програмних засобів і
комп’ютерних технологій обробки інформації, а саме: оформлення текстової
частини роботи виконано у текстовому редакторі MS Word; необхідні
науково-теоретичні, статистичні та аналітичні матеріали частково отримані з
мережі Internet.
Основні положення і висновки роботи обговорювалися на
міжкафедральному науково-практичному семінарі «Правнича наука: традиції
та вектори розвитку» 23 квітня 2020 року. Основні результати проведеного
дослідження викладені у одній науковій праці<br>The research is relevant due to the final stage of reform in Prosecutor’s
office of Ukraine, which aim is to improve the Prosecutor’s activity in criminal
proceedings, taking into account European Standards. The changes that have
already happened in Criminal Procedure Law concerning Prosecutor’s procedural
status in criminal proceedings must be analysed in details. New approaches must
be made in order to understand the role of Prosecutor as he represents the human
rights and freedoms in the criminal process.
The first chapter research has consistently regarded as the constitutional
basis of the Prosecutor’s office activity, the investigation of the structure and
contents of the Prosecutor’s legal status and the definition of the functional
orientation of the Prosecutor’s activities in criminal proceedings.
The second chapter explores the concept of procedural guidance, define
duties and powers of Prosecutor that are aimed at revelation of law violations by
the bodies of pre-trial investigation, define the activities of Prosecutor as a subject
of proof.
The third chapter we improve the legal regulations of the Prosecutor’s
activities, taking into account European Standards.
Scientific novelty of work. It is necessary to legislatively differentiate the
functions of supervision and procedural guidance based on the analysis of the
relevant scientific approaches, duties and powers of criminal procedural law in
order to increase the effectiveness of the pre-trial investigation and clear regulation
of duties and powers of Prosecutor. It is also important to regulate according to
Constitution of Ukraine the state of Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and Law
of Ukraine «On the Prosecutor’s Office» concerning the unification of the term
«public prosecution».
The research is done with help of modern software and computer technology
of information processing such as: the editing of the text is done in a text editor
MS Word; the necessary scientific-theoretical, statistical and analytical materials
are partly obtained from the Internet.
The main provisions and conclusions of the work were discussed at the
inter-departmental scientific-practical seminar "Legal Science: Traditions and
Vectors of Development" on April 23, 2020. The main results of the study are
outlined in one scientific paper.
6
Uhl, Elizabeth Rose. "Prosecutorial perseveration a reaction to public commitment? /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Wimmer, Renate. "Company-internal studies from the public prosecutor's perspective." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-224018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The processing of the "Siemens case" has not only triggered an unexpected compliance shaft in Germany but has also meant that in the meantime internal investigations are commissioned in nearly all the major public investigations for corruption or other economic crimes by the companies concerned. A critical analysis of "10 years after Siemens" shows that this trend has led to a variety of open legal issues and a different handling in the judicial practice. A legal regulation is likely to be inevitable in the long run.
8
Hochstetler, Spencer. "Judge-Prosecutor Dyad Effects on Racial Disparity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592170635135092.
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Шаповалова, Ю. В. "Адміністративна відповідальність за невиконання вимог прокурора". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68521.
Texte intégralRésumé :
На сучасному етапі, що характеризується активним нормотворенням, актуальними є дослідження, що присвячені розкриттю практичних аспектів застосування нових нормативно-правових актів та правильної їх інтерпретації. При цьому, особливу важливість набувають дослідження, що присвячені правозастосовній діяльності уповноважених державою органів, зокрема прокуратури, а особливо тих її аспектів, що торкають питань забезпечення виконання її законних вимог.<br>На современном этапе, который характеризуется активным нормотворчества, актуальными являются исследования, посвященные раскрытию практических аспектов применения новых нормативно-правовых актов и правильной их интерпретации. При этом, особую важность приобретают исследования, посвященные правоприменительной деятельности уполномоченных государством органов, в частности прокуратуры, особенно тех ее аспектов, затрагивают вопросы обеспечения выполнения его законных требований.<br>At the present stage, characterized by active normative development, research is devoted to the disclosure of practical aspects of the application of new legal acts and their correct interpretation. At the same time, studies of law enforcement activities of state-authorized bodies, in particular the prosecutor's office, and especially those aspects affecting the enforcement of its legal requirements, are of particular importance.
10
Fionda, Julia Alison. "The prosecutor as a sentencer : a comparative study of the role of the public prosecutor in Scotland, the Netherlands and Germany." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333582.
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O'Neill, Lauren. "Prosecutors offering charge reductions relying on facts or stereotypes? /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2573.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005<br>Thesis research directed by: Criminology and Criminal Justice. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
12
Örmander, Emelie. "International Judges and Prosecutors : And their role in Kosovo." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23172.
Texte intégralRésumé :
International judges and prosecutors are today present in various places around the world. They are supposed to function as a complement to the national judiciary and help in the up-building of rule of law. However, there are various problems and questions regarding the work they accomplish, which will be discussed throughout this thesis. Kosovo has been chosen as an example since it has a long experience of international judges and prosecutors. Further on it has been debated if the international personnel in the Kosovar judicial system contribute to the capacity-building or not. The following text also brings up several types of courts where the international judges and prosecutors are present. The reason for this is to give an idea of the various forms of international involvement that exists, but also to discuss where justice should be done. The aim of the thesis has been to find some key problems regarding international judges and prosecutors in national legal systems to be able to make better in the future. During the analyse of those questions various materials have been used, such as regulations, reports and previous research. The conclusion that has been drawn is that international judges and prosecutors can play an important role in the building of rule of law in national legal systems. However, the cooperation among internationals and nationals has to be deeper. Therefore some questions regarding for example salary and language problems must be solved so that the cooperation has the possibility to grow stronger in the future.
13
Kott, Alexander John. "The Compromises Progressive Prosecutors Must Make: Three Case Studies." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1621774926855052.
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Raghav, Manu. "Theoretical and empirical analysis of issues concerning the state prosecutors." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297102.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Economics, 2007.<br>Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 25, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0690. Adviser: Eric Rasmusen.
15
Torija, Jimenez Pablo Enrique. "Econometrics of vice: Idle students, partisan prosecutors and environmental predators." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423445.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is organized in three clearly differentiated chapters. The three of them deal with currently relevant issues: The effect of low-quality of standardized tests on research, the high levels of political corruption in Spain and the collective capacity of tackle climate change.
In the first chapter “Straightening PISA: When Students do not Want to answer Standardized Tests”, I study one of the key elements on current education policies: The standardized-tests. Concretely, I analyze how students approach standardized tests in different ways. I use a measure of effort exerted by students belonging to different countries and social groups in order to assess the impact of low effort on the student's final score. The measure links an acknowledged psychological tests (Dot-Counting test) with one PISA-item, in which students had to merely count dots. In this chapter, I measure to which extent different effort levels may distort the score of students. This problem would affect social-science research when standardized-tests are use. At the end of the chapter, I propose a simple solution to design standard tests which would eliminate this problem.
Given the importance of standardized-tests on the design of education programs, this paper may be a contribution to implement more accurate education policies.
The second chapter focuses on one key issue of Spanish current political crisis: The level of political corruption. Political institutions developed during the Spanish transition to democracy are currently criticized due to their inability to stop political corruption. For instance, Spanish Attorney Generals are appointed by the government and their impartiality is usually criticized. In “Stories on Corruption: How Media and Prosecutors Influence Elections”, I analyze systematically the partiality of the last two Attorney Generals. Concretely, I study whether Attorney Generals try to influence elections by adjusting the tempo of their investigations to the electoral calendar. This possibility is combined with the mass media editorial decisions. I analyze whether mass media have a partisan bias and hide corruption activities of their preferred parties. For doing so, I have created a unique database: I have coded the number of articles containing the word “corruption” of the two main Spanish newspapers “El Pais” and “El Mundo" every week in the last ten years. After the econometric analysis I found significant evidence of the partisan behavior of both the Attorney Generals and mass media.
The last chapter is a joint work with Karolina Safarzynska from the Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien. “Responding to the Climate Change Challenge: Experimental Evidence” tackles the problem of climate change and the capacity of societies to overcome it. This chapter has also a different methodology. Precisely, it is based on experimental methods. We consider isolated groups of individuals which must extract resources form a renewable common-pool. The novelty is the study of the impact of resource uncertainty on individual harvests in common-pool resource dilemmas together with the possibility of group collapse. The uncertainty is modeled as a weather shock diminishing the groups' resources, which is drawn from the distribution known in advance to participants. On the other hand, the group collapses if the resources go below a certain threshold. In that case all accumulated resource-extraction get lost. This can be interpreted as the minimum harvests below which a group does not have sufficient nutrition to survive. We find that in the long run, sufficiently severe weather shocks can induce individuals to conserve resources. However, in the short-run uncertainty leads to resources over-exploitation. In addition, our results suggest that resource uncertainty undermines effectiveness of costly sanctioning. In some treatments, individuals can punish others at their own cost. We found that the possibility to punish others induce individuals to harvest significantly more resources in the beginning of the experiment, compared to the situation when sanctioning is not possible. The presence of punishment paradoxically increases the probability of resource exhaustion. We interpret these results in the context of the World climate change. We conclude that the positive impact of environmental pressure on individual behavior and the effect of new institutions are likely to come too late to prevent damage to the environment.<br>Questa tesi è organizzata in tre capitoli chiaramente differenziati. I tre capitoli riguardano argomenti attualmente rilevanti: l’effetto della bassa qualità dei test standardizzati in ricerca, gli alti livelli di corruzione politica in Spagna e la capacità collettiva di rispondere ai cambiamenti climatici.
Nel primo capitolo “Rafforzando PISA: quando gli studenti non vogliono fare i test standardizzati”, studio uno degli elementi chiave nelle attuali politiche per l’educazione: i test standardizzati. Concretamente, analizzo come gli studenti affrontano i test standardizzati in modi differenti. Uso una misura di sforzo fatto degli studenti che appartengono a Paesi diversi e gruppi sociali diversi per stimare l’impatto del basso sforzo nel punteggio finale degli studenti. La misura collega un test psicologico molto affermato (il test di conta dei punti) con una domanda del test PISA, nella quale gli studenti devono semplicemente contare i punti. In questo capitolo, misuro fino a che punto diversi livelli di sforzo fatto degli studenti possono distorcere il punteggio del PISA. Questo problema avrebbe degli effetti sulla ricerca nelle scienze sociali, quando vengono utilizzati i risultati dei test standardizzati. Alla fine del capitolo, propongo una semplice soluzione per il design di test standardizzati che elimini questo problema. Data l’importanza dei test standardizzati nel design dei programmi educativi, questo articolo potrebbe essere un contributo per implementare politiche educative più accurate.
Il secondo capitolo si focalizza su uno dei temi chiave della attuale crisi politica spagnola: il livello di corruzione. Le istituzioni politiche sviluppate durante la transizione spagnola verso la democrazia sono attualmente sotto forte critica a causa della loro incapacità nel fermare la corruzione politica. Per esempio, i procuratori generali spagnoli sono nominati dal governo e la loro imparzialità è spesso criticata. Nel capitolo “Storie sulla corruzione: come i media e I procuratori influenzano le elezioni”, analizzo sistematicamente la parzialità degli ultimi due procuratori generali. Concretamente, studio se i procuratori generali tentano di influenzare le elezioni modificando la tempistica delle loro indagini adattandola al calendario elettorale. Questa possibilità è combinata con le decisioni editoriali dei mass media. Analizzo se i mass media hanno un pregiudizio ideologico e nascondono le storie di corruzione dei loro partiti preferiti. Per fare questo, ho creato un database unico: ho codificato il numero di articoli contenenti la parola “corruzione” nei due quotidiani principali spagnoli, “El Pais” e “El Mundo”, ogni settimana negli ultimi dieci anni. Dopo un’analisi econometria ho scoperto una evidenza significativa di un comportamento partigiano sia dei procuratori generali che dei mass media.
L’ultimo capitolo è un lavoro congiunto con Karolina Safarzynska della Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien. “Rispondendo alla sfida del cambiamento climatico: evidenze sperimentali” affronta il problema del cambiamento climatico e la capacità delle società di superarlo. Questo capitolo usa una metodologia differente. Precisamente si basa su metodi sperimentali. Noi consideriamo gruppi isolati di individui che devono estrarre risorse da un bacino di risorse rinnovabili. La novità è lo studio dell’impatto dell’incertezza di risorse sui raccolti individuali nei dilemma dei bacini di risorse rinnovabili, unita alla possibilità che il gruppo collassi. L’incertezza è modellata come uno shock atmosferico che diminuisce le risorse dei gruppi, che è estratto da una distribuzione conosciuta in anticipo dai partecipanti. D’altro canto il gruppo collassa se le risorse scendono sotto una certa soglia. In quel caso tutta l’estrazione accumulata di risorse viene persa. Questo potrebbe essere interpretato come il minimo raccolto sotto al quale il gruppo non ha nutrimento sufficiente per sopravvivere.
Scopriamo che nel lungo termine, shock atmosferici abbastanza severi possono indurre gli individui a conservare le risorse. Comunque, nel breve termine l’incertezza porta ad un sovrasfruttamento delle risorse. Inoltre, i nostri risultati suggeriscono che l’incertezza nelle risorse danneggia l’effettività del sanzionamento costoso. In alcuni trattamenti, gli individui possono punire altri pagando un costo. Scopriamo che la possibilità di punire altri induce gli individui a raccogliere significativamente più risorse all’inizio dell’esperimento, comparato alla situazione in cui il sanzionamento non è possibile. La presenza della punizione paradossalmente incrementa la probabilità di un esaurimento delle risorse. Interpretiamo questi risultati nel contesto del cambiamento climatico mondiale. Concludiamo che l’impatto positivo della pressione climatica sul comportamento individuale e l’effetto di nuove istituzioni probabilmente arrivano troppo tardi per prevenire un danno all’ambiente.
16
Hall, Gina. "Prosecutorial discretion and plea bargaining: is there a jury trial penalty?" Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As the most powerful position of the courtroom workgroup, the prosecutor plays an essential role in the criminal justice system. From the defendant's initial contact with the criminal court process when the prosecutor makes the charging decision, until sentencing when the prosecutor's recommendation guides judicial discretion, prosecutors hold the power to decide a defendant's fate. Despite the parameters that govern their ability to use discretion, the prosecutor still maintains a significant amount of power to influence crucial decisions with regard to the defendant. The current study addresses the issue of prosecutorial discretion and the ability to mishandle the powers bestowed upon such a powerful position. While prosecutorial discretion has a broad base, the study was narrowed to specifically concentrate on discretion as it impacts plea bargaining and final dispositions. Additionally, an analysis of the data looks at whether or not a defendant faces jury trial penalty for exercising his/her constitutional right to a trial by jury. A statistical comparison was constructed using data collected with respect to specific murder and sexual battery statutes over a 24-month period. Based on the statistical data provided within the study, those individuals who accepted the plea deal offered by the state faced a far less severe punishment than those who opted to go to trial.<br>B.A. and B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Criminal Justice
17
Leffler, Kevin J. "Out of touch and misguided prosecutorial direct file transfer in Florida /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025144.
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Shakarchi, Richard J. "The Effects of the Intuitive Prosecutor Mindset on Person Memory." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1040044498.
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Hoyle, Carolyn. "Responding to domestic violence : the roles of police, prosecutors and victims." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cc7acb32-23c1-4286-911f-3b536d015bae.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis aimed to understand the factors which shape the police and CPS response to domestic violence in the light of recent policy changes which recommended arrest in such cases. The decisions made by victims, police and prosecutors were charted in over one thousand three hundred reported cases of domestic violence in the Thames Valley during a seven month period in 1993. A random sample of 387 of these incidents were examined in detail. The study sought to understand the needs, desires and expectations of victims and how their choices impacted on the decisions made by police and prosecutors. Having evaluated feminist theories, the thesis argues that police and prosecutors do not randomly exercise their discretion nor can their response be explained by reference to cultural or individual prejudices. Rather, their decisions are best understood in terms of a set of informal 'working rules' developed by police and prosecutors for dealing with these complex and difficult cases. It is shown that whilst evidence of an offence was highly correlated with decisions regarding arrest and prosecution, evidence did not determine police action nor did its absence preclude such action. Rather, evidence facilitated police action where the working rules pointed towards an arrest. One of the strongest working rules related to the willingness of the victim to support a prosecution or not. The majority of victims did not want their partners or ex-partners to be prosecuted even when they had requested that the police arrest the perpetrators. Police and prosecutors believe the criminal justice system to be an extremely clumsy tool in dealing with domestic disputes. They therefore did not pursue independent evidence when victims withdrew their statements and they consequently discontinued these cases or did not initiate prosecution in the first place. Previous research has started from the premise that withdrawal of complaints by victims and the discontinuance of cases represents some kind of failure on the part of the agencies involved and that this would be remedied if the police arrested and prosecuted wherever possible. Implicit in this approach is the assumption that the criminal justice system as it presently operates is capable of responding effectively to the needs of victims of domestic violence. This thesis throws some doubt on the validity of these assumptions.
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Rowback, Jillian. "The role of individual differences in explaining the acceptability of prosecutorial misconduct." View thesis online, 2009. http://docs.rwu.edu/psych_thesis/3/.
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Таранченко, А. О., Олександр Васильович Ільченко, Александр Васильевич Ильченко та Oleksandr Vasylovych Ilchenko. "Діяльність органів прокуратури у військовій сфері". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/78834.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Відбувається постійне реформування системи прокуратури зумовлене пошуком способів та шляхів удосконалення устрою, методів та засобів здійснення функцій органів прокуратури, а також орієнтацією на Європейський Союз та посиленим інтересом з боку європейських структур до діяльності прокуратури. За часи незалежності України чинний Закон України "Про прокуратуру" неодноразово змінювався, щонайменше тридцять законів про внесення змін до нього було прийнято. Причини внесення змін були різноманітними, зокрема: прийняття нових норм що регулюють процесуальну діяльність правоохоронних та судових органів. Разом з тим постійно змінювались галузеві накази Генерального прокурора України, щодо організаційної структури органів прокуратури. Прокуратура Україна являє собою єдину централізовану систему, на яку покладено виконання функцій, спрямованих на забезпечення законності. Порядок виконання цих функцій має чітко відповідати закону та основним засадам діяльності органів прокуратури.
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Coady, Kyle N. P. "Prosecutor Selected Youth Diversion: Identifying the Circumstances and Conceptualizing the Cases." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23217.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Crown selected youth diversion has received little academic attention in Canada. As a process that channels offenders out of the formal legal system, diversion purports to achieve contradictory self-serving system and offender-based goals. Using 50 randomly selected prosecution files – half of which the Crown diverted and half of which the Crown prosecuted – a mixed method investigation of diversion assesses cases through quantitative content analysis and grounded theory method. Based on the quantitative analysis, it is argued that there is an emerging patterned nature of Crown selected diversion that is not completely benign. This patterned nature of diversion unearths a distinctive discourse of diversion/non-diversion. Qualitatively, it is argued that the cases are organized around three temporal moments that create an area for distinctions to be made in terms of threat, responsibility, (in)tolerableness and recourse. Seemingly, there is a persistent paradoxical existence of the diversion process that emerges from the case files.
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Birkeland, Gustav. "Judicial Review of Procedural Acts of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office : A Legal Analysis of Article 42 of the Regulation on the Establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-407927.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (the EPPO), established under enhanced cooperation by a Council Regulation (the Regulation), will be the first supranational criminal law enforcement body in the European Union (the EU) with direct powers visà-vis individuals. It will be responsible for investigating, prosecuting and bringing to judgments the perpetrators of offences against the Union’s financial interests. Measures taken by the EPPO may therefore seriously interfere with fundamental rights of individuals. As the EU is based on the rule of law, an effective judicial review of the acts produced by the EPPO is essential in order to allow individuals to protect their rights and legitimate interests against unlawful and arbitrary decision-making. In accordance with the Treaty framework of judicial review, the main rule in EU law on the division of jurisdiction between national courts of the Member States and the Court of Justice of the European Union (the CJEU) is that acts adopted by Union institutions and bodies are to be reviewed by Union courts, while acts adopted by national institutions and bodies are to be reviewed by the national courts. Although the EPPO is an indivisible Union body, the judicial review of the procedural acts of the EPPO will first and foremost be a task for the national courts according to Article 42 of the Regulation. Since it follows from the hierarchy of norms that secondary law must comply with primary law, this thesis examines whether the system of judicial review of procedural acts of the EPPO, as prescribed in Article 42 of the Regulation, complies with the Treaty framework of judicial review and the right to effective judicial protection enshrined in Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental rights of the European Union (the Charter). The main finding of the thesis is that the system of judicial review of procedural acts of the EPPO, as prescribed in the Article 42 of the Regulation, does not comply with the Treaty framework of judicial review or the right to effective judicial protection enshrined in Article 47 of the Charter.
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King, Robin. "TRANSFERRING JUVENILES TO THE ADULT COURT: A FACTORIAL SURVEY OF FLORIDA PROSECUTORS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3920.
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Prosecutors have enormous discretion in the criminal justice system. Their decisions can ultimately impact and shape the course of the lives of the offenders whom they prosecute. This is certainly true for juvenile offenders considered for transfer to the adult court. Previous research indicates that serious, violent offenders are the most likely to be transferred to the adult court. However, very little is known on prosecutors' views of the role of the juvenile court, the process of transfer or the facts that influence their decision to transfer a juvenile to the adult court. A statewide survey of 800 Florida prosecutors was implemented using factorial vignettes. The results indicate that prosecutors support the idea of transfer generally, particularly when they are making the final determination to transfer to the adult court. Further, prosecutors indicate that juvenile transfer should be used sparingly, in extreme cases that are not appropriate to the resources of the juvenile court. The data were also examined to determine the effect of juvenile offender and juvenile offense characteristics on the decision to transfer a juvenile to the adult court. Analysis revealed several significant predictors of preference for transfer: age, threat to society, presence of a violent offense, ethnicity of juvenile, presence of prior adjudications, and amenability to treatment.<br>Ph.D.<br>Other<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Public Affairs: Ph.D.
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Soubise, Laurène. "Prosecutorial discretion and accountability : a comparative study of France and England and Wales." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/81689/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tasked with enforcing the criminal law against suspected offenders, public prosecutors have traditionally enjoyed broad discretion, which is usually structured by legal and policy guidelines defining rules prosecutors should follow when making their decisions. Basing its analysis upon direct observations and interviews in the two jurisdictions under study, this comparative thesis endeavours to understand how the French and Anglo-Welsh criminal justice systems attempt to combine the necessities of accountability for public prosecution services in modern democratic societies with the flexibility and reactivity needed in the application of the law provided by prosecutorial discretion. There have been few systematic, empirical accounts of the decision-making process of these national prosecution services. This thesis argues that neither system observed achieves a satisfactory balance between accountability and discretion for public prosecutors. In France, although democratic and hierarchical accountability channels are well developed in theory, oversight is weak due to the primacy of the concept of ‘adaptation’ in the legal culture and the strong professional ethos of procureurs as independent judicial officers. In England and Wales, public prosecutors are part of a highly bureaucratic and centralised structure which strictly enforces consistency in prosecutorial decisions at the expense of much discretion and autonomy for individual prosecutors whose responsibility is limited to narrow and repetitive tasks due to the segmentation of the prosecution process. This overbearing accountability structure, coupled with a historical balance of power in favour of the police, appears to prevent prosecutors from making decisions perceived as unpopular with their hierarchy or the police. Finally, pressure on resources and a drive for efficiency in both jurisdictions have resulted in the bureaucratisation of the criminal justice process with part of the prosecution workload being delegated to unqualified staff and minor cases being processed as quickly as possible into a one-size-fits-all system.
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Olugbuo, Benson Chinedu. "The exercise of prosecutorial discretion during preliminary examinations at the International Criminal Court." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22988.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study explores the exercise of prosecutorial discretion during preliminary examinations at the International Criminal Court. The key questions it investigates are whether there is a secure legal and theoretical basis upon which such discretion can and should be exercised and whether the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court understands, develops and applies appropriate rules governing such discretion consistently. The study involves the analysis of various primary and secondary sources of law regulating the exercise of prosecutorial discretion. It begins by looking at the exercise of discretion at the national and international judicial systems to understand how their practices have informed and influenced the International Criminal Court Prosecutor, and then examines the provisions of the Rome Statute and its rules of evidence and procedure to determine the scope of the exercise of prosecutorial discretion. It also critically reviews the policy paper on preliminary examination adopted by the International Criminal Court Prosecutor. The study argues that, although the International Criminal Court Statute does not provide clear guidance on the exercise of prosecutorial discretion during preliminary examinations, there is a sufficient legal and theoretical basis upon which to exercise this discretion during preliminary examinations at the International Criminal Court. Article 42 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, which provides for the independence of the Office of the Prosecutor is one such legal and theoretical basis. Thus, the Rome Statute clearly endorses the theory of prosecutorial neutrality. After expounding such a legal and theoretical basis, the thesis examines six case studies which represent six preliminary examinations conducted by the International Criminal Court Prosecutor in the conflicts in Uganda, Sudan, Côte d'Ivoire, Central African Republic, Kenya and Libya. The examination will answer the question whether the Prosecutor has exercised discretion in accordance with the spirit of the International Criminal Court Statute, and in a manner that would assuage claims that the Court is not neutral, especially in its dealing with African states. The analysis of these case studies shows that the Prosecutor has not exercised its discretion consistently and in a manner that can inspire public confidence in the administration of international criminal justice. To remedy this situation, the study recommends, among other things, the need for clarity on the exact roles of the Prosecutor and Pre-Trial Chambers during preliminary examinations, beyond the current practice where the Pre-Trial Chamber can only authorise the opening of proprio motu investigations. Second, the study recommends the review of the policy on the gravity of crimes. Although the policy paper on preliminary examination has clarified the fact that gravity involves both quantitative and qualitative analysis of victims of international crimes, it is not yet clear how to carry out gravity analysis. Third, the study proposes enhancing positive complementarity during preliminary examinations in order to encourage national efforts in the investigation and prosecution of international crimes. Finally, the study recommends that the decision to suspend or defer investigations or prosecutions in the 'interests of justice' under article 53 of the Rome Statute should be a shared responsibility between the Court and the United Nations Security Council.
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Dale, Adi Dekebo. "Accountability for ISIS atrocities : is the International Criminal Court a viable prosecutorial option?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5512.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant is a jihadist militant group. The members of this militant group have committed criminal acts of unspeakable cruelty. These staggering criminal conducts are documented by the United Nations, international human rights organisations, and media. Besides, the group itself gives first-hand information through social media and its magazine. Having witnessed the atrocities committed by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the United Nations Security Council affirmed that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’s conduct in Syria and Iraq is a threat to international peace and security. Therefore, the media and various role players have called for the intervention of International Criminal Court. This research paper analyses whether the International Criminal Court is a viable prosecutorial option to account the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members for their crimes. For the Court to be a viable prosecutorial avenue, it must have a jurisdiction. Accordingly, this research paper critically examines whether the International Criminal Court has subject matter, personal and/or territorial jurisdictions to try the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant perpetrators. The study concludes that although the criminal conducts by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members constitute crimes under the Rome Statute, the Court, however, has limited jurisdictional reach over the perpetrators. It is submitted that with a limited and fragmented territorial and personal jurisdictional reach over the perpetrators, the Court is not a viable prosecutorial avenue.<br>German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
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Soubise, Laurene. "Prosecutorial discretion and accountability : a comparative study of France and England and Wales." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2031.
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Chargés de mettre en œuvre la loi pénale contre les personnes soupçonnées d’infractions, les procureurs bénéficient traditionnellement d’un large pouvoir d’appréciation qui est en général encadré par la loi et par des instructions hiérarchiques que les procureurs doivent suivre lorsqu’ils prennent leurs décisions. Avec une analyse fondée sur des observations et des entretiens dans les systèmes français et anglo-gallois, cette étude comparative vise à comprendre comment les systèmes de justice pénale étudiés s’efforcent de combiner les nécessités du contrôle des autorités de poursuites dans des sociétés démocratiques modernes avec la souplesse et la réactivité nécessaires à l’application de la loi résultant de la marge d’appréciation laissée aux procureurs. Il existe actuellement peu d’études empiriques et systématiques du processus de décision des autorités de poursuites. Cette thèse montre qu’aucun des systèmes observés ne parvient à un équilibre satisfaisant entre le degré de responsabilité et le pouvoir de décision des procureurs. En France, bien que le contrôle démocratique et hiérarchique des procureurs soit bien développé en théorie, il reste limité en pratique, en raison en raison de la primauté du principe d’individualisation dans la culture juridique et du statut professionnel des procureurs comme magistrats indépendants. En Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, les procureurs font partie d’une structure particulièrement bureaucratique et centralisée qui impose une stricte uniformité des décisions de poursuites aux dépens du pouvoir de décision et de l’autonomie des procureurs dont le rôle se limite à des tâches simples et répétitives en raison de la segmentation de la procédure de poursuites. Cette structure autoritaire de contrôle, conjuguée à un équilibre historique des pouvoirs en faveur de la police, semble empêcher les procureurs de prendre des décisions qui pourraient être mal vues par leur hiérarchie ou la police. Enfin, le manque de ressources et une recherche constante d’efficacité dans chacun des systèmes juridiques étudiés ont produit une bureaucratisation de la procédure pénale, certaines tâches étant déléguées à du personnel peu qualifié et les affaires mineures étant expédiées le plus rapidement possible selon un traitement standardisé<br>Tasked with enforcing the criminal law against suspected offenders, public prosecutors have traditionally enjoyed broad discretion, which is usually structured by legal and policy guidelines defining rules prosecutors should follow when making their decisions. Basing its analysis upon direct observations and interviews in the two jurisdictions under study, this comparative thesis endeavours to understand how the French and Anglo-Welsh criminal justice systems attempt to combine the necessities of accountability for public prosecution services in modern democratic societies with the flexibility and reactivity needed in the application of the law provided by prosecutorial discretion. There have been few systematic, empirical accounts of the decision-making process of these national prosecution services.This thesis argues that neither system observed achieves a satisfactory balance between accountability and discretion for public prosecutors. In France, although democratic and hierarchical accountability channels are well developed in theory, oversight is weak due to the primacy of the concept of ‘adaptation’ in the legal culture and the strong professional ethos of procureurs as independent judicial officers. In England and Wales, public prosecutors are part of a highly bureaucratic and centralised structure which strictly enforces consistency in prosecutorial decisions at the expense of much discretion and autonomy for individual prosecutors whose responsibility is limited to narrow and repetitive tasks due to the segmentation of the prosecution process. This overbearing accountability structure, coupled with a historical balance of power in favour of the police, appears to prevent prosecutors from making decisions perceived as unpopular with their hierarchy or the police. Finally, pressure on resources and a drive for efficiency in both jurisdictions have resulted in the bureaucratisation of the criminal justice process with part of the prosecution workload being delegated to unqualified staff and minor cases being processed as quickly as possible into a one-size-fits-all system
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Monene, Malose Samuel. "The rule of law, prosecutorial independence and accountability in a nascent constitutional democracy." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/581.
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Thesis (LLM. (Development and management law)) --University of Limpopo, 2010<br>This study probes the topical issue of prosecutorial independence in post 1994 South Africa in order to begin to determine how the new democratic constitutional dispensation has and should have affected the independence of our prosecutors. It also explores, albeit introductorily, the intersection of prosecutorial and judicial independence by suggesting that the much vaunted judicial independence in South Africa can prove mythical if prosecutorial independence is not vigorously and unflinchingly championed. The study also looks into what role accountability plays both as a pro and a con for prosecutorial independence within the parameters of the rule of law. Furthermore a comparative analysis of some fellow Commonwealth of Nations jurisprudences is embarked upon with a view to see what lessons can be learned and which prosecutorial approach tutorials are worth bunking. With a critical approach which is historical, contemporary and contextual, the study goes on to marry South African legal instruments, prosecutorial policies and other relevant literary insights to contemporary intersections ,interactions and frictions between law and politics in South Africa. The study seeks to begin to suggest a rule of law based but reasonably accountable prosecutorial approach for this country.
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Philibert-Ortega, Gena Christine. "Battered women who kill: Perspectives of prosecutors who have tried "burning bed" cases." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/648.
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Trevino-Rangel, Javier. "Policing the past : transitional justice and the special prosecutor's office in Mexico, 2000-2006." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/526/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis looks at how Mexico’s new democratic regime led by President Vicente Fox (2000–2006) faced past state crimes perpetrated during the Institutional Revolutionary Party’s (PRI’s) seventy-year authoritarian rule (1929–2000). To test the new regime’s democratic viability, Fox’s administration had to settle accounts with the PRI for the abuses the party had perpetrated in the past, but without upsetting it in order to preserve the stability of the new regime. The PRI was still a powerful political force and could challenge Fox’s efforts to democratise the country. Hence, this thesis offers an explanation of the factors that facilitated the emergence of Mexico’s ‘transitional justice’ process without putting at risk Fox’s relationship with the PRI elite. This thesis is framed by a cluster of literature on transitional justice which follows a social-constructivist approach and it is supported by exhaustive documentary research, which I carried out for six years in public and private archives. This thesis argues that Fox established a Special Prosecutor’s Office (SPO) as he sought to conduct ‘transitional justice’ through the existing structures of power: laws and institutions (e.g., the General Attorney’s Office) administered by members of the previous regime. So, Fox opted to face past abuses but left the task in the hands of the institutions whose members had carried out the crimes or did nothing to prevent them. The PRI rapidly accepted the establishment of the SPO because the most relevant prosecutorial strategy to come to terms with the PRI was arranged by the PRI’s own elite during the authoritarian era – prosecutorial strategy that led to impunity. In this process, the language of human rights played a decisive role as it framed the SPO’s investigations into the past: it determined the kind of violations that qualified for enquiry and, hence, the type of victims who were counted in the process, which perpetrators would be subject to prosecution, and the authorities that would intervene. Categories of human rights violations (e.g. genocide or forced disappearance) were constructed and manipulated in such a way as to grant a de facto amnesty to perpetrators. Fox was able to preserve the stability of the new regime as his prosecutorial strategies never really threatened the PRI elite.
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Boyne, Ellen S. "PROSECUTOR'S REPORTS ON THE COURT PROCESSING OF MISDEMEANOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CASES PERPETRATED BY NONINTIMATES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029263777.
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Mears, Daniel Preston. "Evaluating juvenile justice reform : an analysis of prosecutorial discretion and determinate sentencing in Texas /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Franklin, Travis William. "Social context and prosecutorial charging decisions a multilevel analysis of case- and county-level factors /." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2008/T_Franklin_041908.pdf.
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Modell, Orloff Nathalie. "Domestic violence offenses: The influence of victim-offender relationship on prosecutorial and judicial decision making." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104180.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis advisor: Thomas O'Hare<br>Domestic violence is a widespread social problem impacting an estimated 6.2 million women in the United States each year (Department of Justice, 2008). The purpose of this study was to determine the existence, prevalence, and degree of disparity in prosecution and sentencing based on domestic violence status, victim-offender characteristics, and victim-offender relationship. The study specifically looked at cases of assault and battery, which is the most prevalent type of offense in domestic violence (Buzawa, Buzawa, and Stark, 2012; Payne & Wermeling, 2009). This study utilized simple random sampling, involved an archival analysis of court records, and examined a ten-year period (2000-2010) at Salem District Court in Essex County, Massachusetts. This investigation found that the likelihood of a case not being prosecuted was affected by whether or not it was a domestic violence incident. Fifty-five percent of domestic violence cases resulted in dismissal, while only 45% of the non-domestic violence cases were dismissed. If prosecuted, 84% of domestic violence cases resulted in a suspended sentence, while only 21% of the non-domestic violence cases that were charged resulted in a suspended sentence. The results also showed that the degree of social closeness between a victim and offender influences the likelihood that a case will be prosecuted. For instance, an offender who assaults a family member or an acquaintance is more likely to be prosecuted than one who assaults an intimate partner. In addition, among prosecuted cases, domestic violence offenses resulted in shorter sentences and less severe sanctions relative to other offenses. The most significant implication of this study is that domestic violence victims continue to receive unequal treatment by the criminal justice system. Policy makers and those in the advocacy field can utilize this information to improve the prosecutorial and judicial response to domestic violence and to better guide victims through the judicial process<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work<br>Discipline: Social Work
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Černiauskienė, Nendrė. "Systemic improvement of management in the Prosecutor`s Office of the Republic of Lithuania." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110825_103142-47249.
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The problem being researched. The integration of Middle and Eastern European states into democratic processes has determined changes in public sector management and with rationalization of sectors of Lithuanian economy the system of justice was also involved: in the year 1993 the Parliament approved the outlines of the reform of the system of justice which set that legal bases of the reform have to be formed, specialists are to be prepared employees selected, the necessary financial and economical basis created, new legal institutions have to be created and the old ones reformed in order to ensure the stable system of justice. The reform has revealed both the advantages and disadvantages of the system of justice: not all the areas of the system of justice have received the appropriate attention. A similar situation occurred when carrying out the outlines of the Reform of the System of Justice approved in the year 1998. An appropriate and effective functioning of legal proceeding has been emphasized in international acts of law and experts’ meetings: democratization of management of prosecution system and improvement of the legal regulation of its management as well as more operative fulfillment of its functions are necessa ry; the reorganization has not only to strengthen prosecutors’ professionalism but also to ensure the adequate working conditions. This position was approved by the resolutions of the Tenth Congress of the United Nations which took place in Vienna on the 1... [to full text]<br>Tiriamoji problema. Vidurio ir Rytų Europos valstybių įsijungimas į demokratinius procesus sąlygojo viešojo sektoriaus valdymo pokyčius, o racionalizuojant Lietuvos ūkio sritis, nebuvo aplenkta ir teisinė sistema: 1993 m. Seimas patvirtino Teisinės sistemos reformos metmenis, kuriose nustatyta, kad turi būti formuojami reformos teisiniai pamatai, rengiami specialistai, renkami darbuotojai, kuriama būtina finansinė–ūkinė bei materialinė bazė, pertvarkomos bei kuriamos naujos teisinės institucijos, kurios užtikrintų stabilią teisinę sistemą. Reforma atskleidė tiek teisinės sistemos privalumus, tiek ir trūkumus: ne visoms teisinės sistemos sritims skirtas tinkamas dėmesys. Panaši situacija susiklostė ir įgyvendinant 1998 m. patvirtintas Teisinės reformos metmenis. Ne vieną kartą tinkamas ir efektyvus baudžiamosios teisenos funkcionavimas yra akcentuotas tarptautinės teisės aktuose bei ekspertų susitikimuose: būtinas prokuratūros sistemos valdymo demokratizavimas, jos veiklos teisinio reglamentavimo tobulinimas bei operatyvesnis funkcijų vykdymas, reorganizacija turi ne tik stiprinti prokurorų profesionalumą, bet ir užtikrinti adekvačias darbo sąlygas. Šią poziciją patvirtina 2000 m. balandžio 17 d. Vienoje vykusio dešimtojo Jungtinių Tautų Kongreso dėl nusikaltimų prevencijos bei elgesio su nusikaltėliais sprendimai, kuriais buvo konstatuota, jog tinkamas baudžiamosios teisės sistemos administravimas yra viena iš efektyviausių kovos su nusikalstamumu priemonių. 2002 metų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Tsai, Ssu-Te, and 蔡思德. "The Research of Prosecutor’s Investigation Authority in the Criminal Detection－And a Discussion on Relationship between Prosecutor and Police." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11947966336230453306.
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Ming, Lee Shan, and 李山明. "Rearch on newly judges and prosecutor training system of Taiwan-Focus on the trainees of Judges and Prosecutors Training Institute of Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79505872323666199915.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>文教法律研究所<br>96<br>The educating of judges and prosecutors is the major affaiir of judicial reform in Taiwan . The trainees are mainly matriculated judges and prosecutors and judges and prosecutors who have been selected from practicing lawyers.
In the modern society, judicial cases will definitely become increasing complex and multi-dimensional. So It takes 2 years to cutivate trainee judges and prosecutors in Judges and Prosecutors training Institute,which is implemented in three phases since the 42nd Term.
Inorder to protect the rights of judicial trainee during this 2 years period ,the laws and contents of the training must moify again .So they will be able to correctly ascertain the truth and applicable laws in future investigation work.
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Wang, Sen-Hou, and 王聖豪. "The Experiences of Prosecutors on the Prosecutorial Decisions about the female sexual offenders--to research the Life-Courses of the female sexual offenders moreover." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60060332408455651089.
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Luphondo, Matric. "Analysis of prosecutorial discretion." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25344.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research examines the question whether or not the exercise of the prosecutorial discretion is kosher, by which is meant whether its functional integrity is intact and free from interference. An investigation, with particular reference to various factors that come into play in prosecutorial decision-making, revealed evidence that suggests degree of undue influence in prosecutorial decision-making. The researcher contends that there is sufficient evidence to infer a causal link between the prevailing climate of uncertainty about the questions informing the research and the manifest lack of credibility of this very important function. There seems to be a lack of recognition for and appreciation of the significant role played by the prosecution service in promoting democracy by ensuring the fair administration of justice. The fact that the prosecution service seems to be a regular target for political interference despite legislative guarantees of its integrity and independence as laid down in the Constitution and the NPA Act suggests an underlying mentality that fails to appreciate or flouts the essential distinction between party and state. Prosecutors also take an oath of office or affirmation before assuming duties in this capacity and this also does not seem to be sufficient guarantee to make their decision making kosher and to avoid any trace of suspicion. In the end some remedial legislative and administrative measures are recommended with a view to restoring public confidence in the prosecution service. The suggestion is made to investigate some of the questions raised in the research, for instance questions such as why the interest in the prosecution service and not the judiciary, and why the current mechanisms aimed at guaranteeing its independence seem not to be sufficient.<br>Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Public Law<br>unrestricted
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LIANG, FUNG HUAN, and 馮煥良. "Exploration of Safety Management of Prosecutors Office：An Case studyon Kaohsiung District Prosecutors Office." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66510868403001518194.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>犯罪防治研究所<br>101<br>The operation of Prosecutors Office is in charge of the investigation of criminal cases, the research and preservation of evidence, prosecution of crime and probation after penal punishment. Nevertheless, some conflicts caused by plans or accidents leading harm to prosecutors office. The crisis types of prosecutors office include multi-styles. No matter what crisis types occur, this is regarded as significant negative influence to prosecutors office. Therefore, the safety management is taken as most important work to prevent the crisis.
The research attempts to examine the safety management, crisis management, crime prevention, police duty of prosecutors office by applying to related literature and social theories. Furthermore, by employing qualitative research method, plenty of staff working in prosecutors office are interviewed. It is expected to build up a comprehensive framework composed of theory and practice of safety protection upon Kaohsiung District Prosecutors Office.
Keywords: Prosecutors Office, Safety Management, Bailiffs
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"Prosecutorial Discretion and Punishment Motives in Ambiguous Juvenile Sex Offense Cases." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44240.
Texte intégralRésumé :
abstract: This study hypothesizes that prosecutors would be more likely to prosecute juveniles who engage in sexual activity with an underage same-sex partner than those who engage in underage sexual activity with a member of the opposite sex. To test this hypothesis, surveys were mailed to 1,000 prosecutors around the United States with a between subject design, meaning that each participant was only exposed to one condition in the vignette they read. There were a total of four vignettes, creating four conditions of different “offender” sex and “victim” sex in sexually appropriate relationships. The vignettes contain conditions in which either a male or female junior in high school was videotaped having oral sex with either a male or a female freshman in high school. Prosecutors were asked questions about whether they would prosecute the older student for statutory rape. Results indicated that manipulations of “offender” sex and “victim” sex were not statistically significant on prosecutorial discretion or punishment severity/motives; however, these manipulations did alter the prosecutors’ perceptions of the offender.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017
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Шевченко, Максим Геннадійович. "Органи прокуратури в системі державно-управлінських відносин регіону". Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/5037.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Шевченко М. Г. Органи прокуратури в системі державно-управлінських відносин регіону : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 281 "Публічне управління та адміністрування" / наук. керівник Ель Гуессаб К. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 72 с.<br>UA : Мета дослідження: розкрити роль прокуратури в системі державно-управлінських відносин регіону.
Об’єкт дослідження: суспільні відносини, що виникають в процесі виконання прокуратурою дердавно-управлінських відносин в регіоні.
Предмет дослідження органи прокуратури в системі державно-управлінських відносин регіону.
Методи дослідження: узагальнення, систематизації, історичний, аналізу, діалектичний, формально-юридичний, прогнозування.
Гіпотеза: на сьогоднішній день органи прокуратури України перебувають на стадії реформування, що обумовлює необхідність детального аналізу законодавства та вивчення закордонного досвіду.
Висновки: 1. Незважаючи на наявні проблеми, які виникають в ході проведення реформи, прокуратура України наближається до рівня світових країн, оскільки в процесі реформи були запозичені кращі світові практики.
2. Правова база діяльності САП потребує доопрацювання. На сьогоднішній момент цей спеціальний орган перебує на стадії формування. Отже, більш детально про його діяльність можна говорити лише зі спливом певного часу.
3. Прокуратура України займає вагоме місце в системі державно-управлінських відносин регіону, оскільки на неї покладені суттєві обов’язки в сфері боротьби зі злочинністю та представлені (у встановлених законами випадків) інтересів як громади в цілому, так і окремо взятих категорій громадян.<br>EN : The purpose of the study: to reveal the role of the prosecutor's office in the system of public relations in the region.
Object of research: public relations that arise in the process of implementation by the prosecutor's office of state-administrative relations in the region.
The subject of the study is the prosecutor's office in the system of state-administrative relations of the region.
Research methods: generalization, systematization, historical, analysis, dialectical, formal-legal, forecasting.
Hypothesis: today the prosecutor's office of Ukraine is in the process of reform, which necessitates a detailed analysis of the legislation and the study of foreign experience.
Conclusions: 1. Despite the existing problems that arise during the reform, the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine is approaching the level of world countries, as in the process of reform the best world practices were borrowed.
2. The legal framework of the SAP needs to be finalized. At present, this special body is in the process of formation. Thus, we can talk in more detail about his activities only with the passage of time.
3. The Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine occupies an important place in the system of public administration relations of the region, as it has significant responsibilities in the fight against crime and represents (in cases established by law) the interests of the community as a whole and individual categories of citizens.
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Tsai, Pi-Yu, and 蔡碧玉. "Prosecutorial Human Resource Management in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58012580738873930097.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>政治學研究所<br>96<br>In spite of the innumerous efforts and resources devoted in the judicial reform in recent years in Taiwan, the efficiency and quality of courts and prosecutor offices are not improved substantially. The lack of an effective mechanism of human resource management is one of the reasons for the ineffective judicial reform.
This research focuses on prosecutorial human resource management and its related issues. It is argued that the prosecutorial personnel policy is the most critical factor which affects the work effectiveness in prosecutor offices and will even offer substantial contribution to the success of judicial reforms.
The conceived objective of this research is to find out useful strategy for promoting prosecutorial efficiency, to tackle with the blind spots in prosecutorial personnel management, and to pursue for the keys for an effective performance system.
The drastic change of law in the past years is the main reason for the problems encountered by most prosecutorial institutions. Other facts to be blamed for the prosecutorial inefficiency include: inaccurate evaluation on prosecutorial man power demand, inadequate distribution of workload, lake of control over core business, lake of case classification system, and work performance evaluation.
Some suggestions are proposed to reform the prosecutorial human resources management in Taiwan: (1) work analysis, (2) the adoption of man power evaluation instrument, (3) the establishment of professional management team, (4) the efficient utilization of prosecutorial assistant man power, (5) the concentration of core affaires,(6) well targeted educational training with a view to improving efficiency, (7) the reconstruction of career ethics, (8) the establishment of decision-making analysis system, (9) the build-up of an oriented performance evaluation, (10) the introduction of new model for court management model.
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Chuang, Ling-Ju, and 莊玲如. "Managing Gender:Female Prosecutors in Masculinized Organizations." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71659741666638286502.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>性別研究所<br>97<br>Abstract
Prosecutors are expected to have the values of equality and neutrality in mind, and they also expect the workplace to be gender-neutral. However, in reality female prosecutors have to deal with many issues derived from hierarchies of a male-dominated and male-privileged organization. This is a study from a feminist point of view studied in the theoretical frame of gendered organizational theories, doing gender theory, and Kanter’s tokenism. It is focused on the gendered conditions of the organizations, the strategies of managing gender by female prosecutors, and the contradictions that female prosecutors have to face between gendered social roles and working demands. It is a qualitative research, and the methods used are in-depth interview and participant observation. The results are as follows:
First, it seems that the prosecutors’ tasks and the logic of the organizations are gender-irrelevant, but in the process of carrying out the tasks gendered demands occur in the practices. On the one hand, reproduction and sexuality are often the subjects of control, and women’s bodies, sexuality, and procreative abilities are used as ground for exclusion. On the other hand, images of male bodies and masculinity pervade at workplace and in the work processes, they marginalize female prosecutors in the organization and contribute to its gendered culture.
Second, the behavior and dress of female prosecutors are easily caught in ‘double bind’ of being either too masculine or too feminine. Female prosecutors have to learn how to ‘manage gender’ in order to blend well into the masculinized organizational culture and adopt various behavioral strategies in dealing with all kinds of things and people. The strategies of ‘doing masculinity’ may create another form of ‘female masculinity’, and the ‘doing femininity’ is also a kind of resistance against organizational cultures. However, the female prosecutors are easily punished for violating the patriarchal order as expected that men doing dominance and women doing submissiveness.
Finally, the female prosecutors are regarded as tokens with high visibility in the organization. Their working abilities are likely to be shadowed by their physical appearance. Their achievements at work lead to discredit their responsibilities as mothers and wives. They face conflicting and contradictory expectations, and are double burdened. Above all, they have to overcome the constrain of glass ceiling.
The research suggests that prosecutors are not working in a gender-equity conditions. Its culture is heavy male-privileged and masculinized. However, the male prosecutors are vulnerable to moral problems, while the female are gaining better reputation in terms of outstanding performance. It indicates that the masculinized working cultures of prosecutors are going to break down, and the female prosecutors will have more opportunities to strengthen their bargaining muscle at work.
Keywords: prosecutor, gender, organization, sexuality, masculinity, doing gender, managing gender, tokenism.
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Hsieh, Ming-chih, and 謝明智. "The Critique of the Prosecutor's Objective Duty." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85264978094135139177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>東吳大學<br>法律學系<br>97<br>ABSTRACT
The issue of the prosecutor’s objective duty has been discussed for a long time.
My conclusion indicates that although the prosecutor must pay attention to the defendant’s advantage potentially, but it is not inferred that the prosecutor has objective duty.
There is in-depth discussion about the relation between the purpose of the system of prosecutor and the prosecutor’s objective duty in Chapter 2. The main objective of the prosecutor’s duty is to protect human rights, but it is not a sufficient reason to prove that the prosecutor has objective duty.
Therefore, I discuss the status of the prosecutor in Chapter 3, and make the conclusion of that the prosecutor is administrator. According to the conclusion, the prosecutor should not have objective duty.
Furthermore, I take the view of the contents of investigation and the construction of judgment to analyze the prosecutor’s duty in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5. First, the contents of investigation contain the collection of evidence and the choice of evidence. In the procedure of collecting evidence, though the prosecutor must pay attention to the defendant’s advantage, but it is potential, thus we can not name it a duty. And in the procedure of choosing evidence, there is no relation between the choice of evidence and objective duty. Secondly, in the view of the construction of judgment, with the foundation of refined adversary system, the 3 relations in trial, impartial tribunal…etc, it also can be concluded that the prosecutor does not have objective duty.
The main purpose of the prosecutor’s objective duty is to protect human rights, but if we give the heavy responsibility to an individual who is susceptible in some circumstance, the goal of protecting human rights will be hard to be reached. Therefore, to construct a faultless criminal procedure is a better way to reach the goal.
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Wu, Shih-Chi, and 吳仕騏. "Independent Counsel and Independent Prosecutor System." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50687031806708486155.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>中山學術研究所<br>94<br>In March 19, 2004, That day was before the presidential election day, when The presidential campaign was in full swing, the President Chen and the Vice President was shot by a shooter. This criminal act shocked the whole world, and even the opposition parties argued this event had already changed the result of the presidential
Election. After the presidential election, the KMT legislators and the PFP legislators are in the majority in The Legislative Yuan, and they passed 『the Act of the Special Commission on the Investigation of the Truth in Respect of the 319 Shooting』(hereinafter the “SCITA”) without considering controversial issues. According to the law, the Special Commission on the Investigation of the Truth in Respect of the 319 Shooting (hereinafter the “SCIT”) was set up. December 15, 2004, J.Y. Interpretation NO.585 recognized the ”SCIT” was the organization responsible for the exercise of investigation, and admitted the ”SCIT” to be no violation of the Constitution. But the “SCIAT” provided the power to “SCIT” for ordering prosecutors and retrial, etc. There was in violation of the Constitution.
The Legal Profession、jurists and political scientists had different opinions with the character of “SCIT”，and it also meant that the legislators of KMT and PFP challenged the independence of Taiwan’s prosecutor system. Accordingly, they hoped the character of “SCIT” can be similar with the” WARREN COMMISSION” in America. They even hoped to legislate for establishing the Independent Counsel System. Because they believe the prosecutor system in Taiwan cannot avoid intervention from politics or administrative organizations, so when a prosecutor investigates crimes, he might ignored some kinds of crime involving with high-position administrators.
April 12,2004, a part of prosecutors from Shihlin District Prosecutors Office、Taoyuan District Prosecutors Office, and etc. They cosigned a public statement. It meant that “Begin the independent prosecutor system, solve the crisis of the 319 truth and the innovation of prosecutor system to win-win situation”. Their suggestion is establishing the independent prosecutor system to investigate some crimes involving with high-position administrators. Those prosecutors asserted that establishing the independent prosecutor System would be better than leading in the Independent Counsel System. And making the prosecutor a categoric judicatory position、attorney general substitutes the minister of Ministry of Justice to be the chief of the prosecutor system、all prosecutor personnel matters decided by the prosecutor personnel committee, and etc. These methods will improve the independence of the prosecutor system, and avoid intervention from any illegitimate reasons.
For the character of the Independent Counsel in America, it belongs to administration. United States Congress pass a law (Ethics in Government Act of 1978) to assure the Independent Counsel can exercise his power without interference. So the Independent Counsel in America is different from the prosecutor in Taiwan. Some constitutionalists claim that the Independent Counsel was in violation of constitution, and this contention was a key point of many reasons to make the law become void. According to these reasons, what is the difference between the Independent Counsel and the independent prosecutor system? Whether we must lead in the Independent Counsel System to solve the defect of the prosecutor system in Taiwan or not? Whether the power of control (one of the five powers of the government specified in the Constitution of the Republic of China) is analogous to the Independent Counsel System? Above-mentioned questions would be the topics of debate.
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Wu, Gwuann Ting, and 吳冠霆. "A Research of Prosecutor''s Discretion." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69630021708238632987.
Texte intégral
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Guo, Jui-Juh, and 郭吉助. "A Study of the Prosecutorial Obligation to Objectivity." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20633434799871248669.
Texte intégralRésumé :
博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>國家發展研究所<br>100<br>Public prosecutors bear plenty of duties in modern world. As guardians of public interests, prosecutors have a duty of objectiveness, with a view to fulfilling their tasks impartially and objectively. Under such requirements, prosecutors are supposed to obtain and administer evidence in a way the truth can be found in a just and unbiased way, without referring to their personal likes or dislikes. The essence is to realize judicial justice and safeguard human rights. Nowadays the requirement has become an international consensus and a standard of criminal justice across different jurisdictions, not a mere slogan.
The purpose of the obligation of objectiveness is not only for the protection of personal privileges and rights, but also as a guarantee offered by a country to enforce the law impartially as well as to ensure the proceeding legitimacy. This duty enables the primary purposes of criminal procedure, i.e. human rights protection, truth-finding, and justice, to be realized in due course. In line with the universal value, this obligation conforms to the nature of a prosecutor serving as a judicial official as well as a supervisor of law enforcement. In this way, prosecutors are expected as objective guardians of law, who should practice law in their good conscience.
The prosecutors should understand well that, due to decent respect toward any parties to the procedure, they are restrained by special requirements coming from impartiality, objectiveness, and truth, in each stage of criminal proceedings. Prosecutors are not the enemies of defendants. They should not go all lengths, at any cost, just to discover the only one version of truth. They are not allowed to pursue merely unfavorable evidence against defendants. Favorable evidence for the defense should also be considered. In other words, the truth should be found in a way complying with justice and fairness. As a result, the image of the prosecutor will hopefully be improved, and the prosecutorial value is expected to be better appreciated.
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Tsai, Wen Pin, and 蔡文彬. "The Prosecutor''s Rights of Forcible Execution." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03024966441829119284.
Texte intégral