Thèses sur le sujet « Psychologie cognitive »
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Puechbroussou, Benjamin. « Psychologie positive et processus cognitifs dans le traitement de la dépression ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH065.
Texte intégralThis thesis explores the cognitive processes that underlie the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions in the treatment of major depressive disorder. To achieve this, four studies were conducted to identify these processes and understand how they contribute to the reduction of depressive symptoms. The first study compared the effectiveness of two one-week training programs based on behavioral activation and positive psychology. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a behavioral activation training program based on positive psychology, while the other received a behavioral activation training program based on physical activity. The results showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms in both groups, but without a difference between the two groups. This suggests that the effectiveness of the training may depend on factors other than the underlying theory. The second study tested the effect of a protocol targeting associative memory networks and autobiographical memory accessibility. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a training program focused on recalling positive memories, while the other received a control training program. The results showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an increase in autobiographical memory accessibility in the experimental group. This suggests that recalling positive memories may be an effective way to reduce depressive symptoms. The third study evaluated the effect of a protocol for recalling positive memories based on exercises inspired by Ericksonian hypnosis. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a daily one-week training program focused on recalling positive memories, while the other received a relaxation training program. The results showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an increase in autobiographical memory accessibility in the experimental group. This suggests that recalling positive memories may be an effective way to reduce depressive symptoms and improve autobiographical memory. The fourth study measured the effect of a daily gratitude journaling program. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a gratitude journal, while the other received a control journal. The results showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an increase in autobiographical memory accessibility in the experimental group. This suggests that practicing gratitude may be an effective way to reduce depressive symptoms and improve autobiographical memory. In the conclusion of our thesis, we compare the effectiveness of these different protocols in both between-group and within-group analyses. We then discuss the experimental and clinical implications of these findings. Finally, we propose a clinical illustration of the different training programs presented in these studies. If our work has allowed us to begin enriching the reflection and understanding of certain mechanisms of action of positive psychology training programs, which appear to explain a significant part of their effectiveness, it also highlights the primary need for researchers and clinicians to conduct in-depth research and reflection on the processes involved in the therapies they propose to their patients. The current research on the processes underlying differences within psychology is, indeed, of great importance, as this scientific approach contributes to a more enlightened practice of this discipline, by attempting to unite science and conscience even more closely
Hogervorst, Eva. « Age-related cognitive decline and cognition enhancers ». Maastricht : Maastricht : Neuropsych Publishers ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6058.
Texte intégralMortu, Ancuta-Maria. « De la cognition esthétique à l'esthétique cognitive : une étude généalogique ». Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0138.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this thesis is to draw a genealogy of cognition as a constitutive part of aesthetic experience, considering that this field has been developing ever since the birth of the discipline of aesthetics itself. More specifically, we argue that aesthetic experience, as any ordinary experience, is an information-processing activity whose dynamics car be accounted for by using the conceptual tools of cognitive psychology. The main questions that we ask throughout this work, that also concern the philosophical aesthetics as well as the history of ideas, are the following : what are the informational processes involved in aesthetic experience ? In what respect did the concept of information modify the classical approaches to aesthetic experience ? In what way does it contribute to understanding the phenomenology of this particular type of experience ? In order to give an answer to these questions, we have organized this work into two parts : Part I deals with the archeology or the prehistory of cognition and its presence in aesthetic discourse, namely in the enlightenment period and at the birth of experimental psychology, while Part II comprises a close analysis of the architectural structure of informational aesthetic models that are being developed starting with the second half of the twentieth century. The genealogical approach that we favor allows us to emphasize the continuing relevance of questions related to invariants of mental reality engaged in aesthetic encounters
Miermont, Jacques. « Les signes de l'autonomie dans la communication et la cognition ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX32008.
Texte intégralIn the frame of contemporary develpopments of the cognition and communication sciences, a synthetic study of complex systems is proposed, through patterns of connexion between autoreproducting phenomena which organize them (behaviors, representations, affects, memorisations, organisations, decisions, relationships), instead of the classical point of view according to which these phenomena must be separatly and exclusively scanned. From the clinic of complex psychopathologic states treated by psychoanalysis and family therapy, hypothesis are suggested about the the evaluation of cognitive fonctions and interactive processes which differenciate personal and collective identities in ecosystems. The self describes the ability of a system to refer to itself by the oscillation of autoreference and recognition of others as fellow creatures, and fellow creatures as different of the self. The theory of autonomy develops itself within an epistemological framework which is produced by an produces this theory. The autonomic activity unfolds abductive inferences, through mutual transformations of cognitive processes and communication modalities, which allow the experience of viability
Chapuy, Kévin. « Le système dynamique de la catégorisation : variabilité, auto-organisation, et interdépendance des processus cognitifs naturels ». Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30079.
Texte intégralFrom three fundamental theoretical frameworks, the nonlinear dynamic system theory, the theory of self-organization processes in the complex systems, and the episodic theory of the human memory, we’ve made a general theoretical conjecture : The suitable model of the natural cognitive processes is a model which accounts for human cognition in terms of dynamical system of interactions which co-evolve in real time. To test this conjecture, we’ve made three major hypothesis : A/the categorization process is a interactional structure of co-dependent variables (an interdependent combination). B/the categorization process is a self-organized process. C/the categorization process shows typical properties of a nonlinear dynamics when one studies it according to a temporal unfolding. The results obtained on material of perceptive verbal data (meaning and none meaning) enable us to maintain these assumptions, in particular because there exists 1/a great number of significant interactions in our data, 2/context effects predicted by episodic model MINERVA2 (Hintzman, 1986), 3/correlations of statistical sets of data on a priori disjoined treatments, 4/temporal dependences (ARIMA) in the RT's dynamic, and 5/phenomena of perceptive multistability that is typical of a nonlinear dynamics process mobilized by the task (hysteresis). In general discussion, we have proposed a conceptualization of the natural cognitive processes in terms of episodic-dynamic model in the direction where sensoriality as well as the structure of interaction of the variables seem to be two relatively important factors in the explanation of the intentional behavior
Gaonac'h, Daniel. « Psychologie cognitive et éducation : implications dans l'enseignement des langues étrangères ». Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOL001.
Texte intégralThe main purpose of this work is to analyze the theoretical references of second language (sl) teaching in the area of psychology. The first part is an historical approach, in which are examined the theoretical trends that constitute this field of research : behaviorism and neo-behaviorism, gestalt-psychology, cognitivism. In particular, we have tried to demonstrate that the way we can now interprete the "transition" from behaviorism to cognitivism in psychology doesn’t account for the non-linear nature of the evolution of this domain, nor for the complex interactions between theoretical approaches, nor for the role played by external factors (especially teaching development) on the predominance of one approach or another. The second part attempts to account for the large quantity of works that constitute the present area of psycholinguistics applied to sl : - we examine, with a critical point of view, the opposition between acquisition on the one hand ("developmental" position, with insistance on similiraties between first language and sl acquisition processes), and learning on the other hand (specificity of sl acquisition processes). - the study of reading in a sl is used to examine how the learner brings into play, in a new and problematical situation, some processes that are efficient in his first language. - the acquisition of communicative competences is partly a matter for an identical issue (transfer or relearning of these competences) ; it is also a topic that raises again the problem of acquisition in new words : subordination on language activities, particularly on language interactions. - recent theoretical approaches aim to account for cognitive activities of the speaker learner, in sl use and acquisition. They develop some concepts on which it would be possible to base oneself to elaborate a model of the subject in sl : monitoring, regulation, meta-cognition
Hudelot, Mok Mi. « Interactivité et Cognition : l'étude de l'expérience interactive en art par une approche de psychologie cognitive ». Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/143288849#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texte intégralOur research is part transdisciplinary delimited between interactive art and cognitive psychology. The interactive art is the subject of our research and we found in cognitive psychology the methodology that has allowed us to respond to our problems. The problem relates to the "form" of the interactive work. While the latter refers to as a process, can we speak of "form", as that of an art object? The research methodology has been to consider the meaning of the word "interactive", to be driven to cognitive psychology. This discipline has given us the methods and theoretical foundations that have allowed us to analyze the interactive works from the angle cognitive. This work has allowed us to achieve a model of interactive experience and a new typology of interactive works
Meini, Cristina. « La psychologie naive essai sur la nature, la fonction et les origines d'un dispositif cognitif specialise ». Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0031.
Texte intégralGaonac'h, Daniel. « Psychologie cognitive et éducation implications dans l'enseignement des langues étrangères ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597775k.
Texte intégralLambert, Sophie. « L'impact de facteurs socio-cognitifs dans la modulation de l'effet d'accentuation : une analyse exploratoire ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211224.
Texte intégralMachery, Édouard. « Les concepts ne sont pas une espèce naturelle : la notion de concept en psychologie cognitive ». Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040042.
Texte intégralIn cognitive psychology, concepts are those data structures that are stored in long-term memory and that are used by default in human beings' higher cognitive processes (categorization, inductive and deductive reasoning). Most cognitive scientists assume that they share many scientifically important properties. The psychology of concepts is expected to describe those properties. Psychologists assume thereby that concepts constitute a natural kind. By examining a large body of experimental evidence, this dissertation shows that this assumption is erroneous. On the contrary, concepts divide into types that have little in common. Hence, the notion of concept is not an adequate way of carving humans' mental representations, if one purports to formulate scientifically relevant inductive generalizations about the human mind
Doyen, Stéphane. « Amorçage social :mythe ou réalité ? de la réplication à un examen par électromyographie ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209353.
Texte intégralLe premier chapitre est consacré aux différentes conceptualisations de l’amorçage en vogue au sein de deux disciplines sœurs que sont la psychologie cognitive et la cognition sociale. Grâce à une série d’éléments historiques et théoriques, je montre en quoi les différentes conceptions de ce phénomène se recoupent, mais divergent aussi profondément. En outre, à l’aide de cet examen de la littérature, j’expose les questions que soulèvent toujours à ce jour les mécanismes rendant compte du phénomène d’amorçage social.
Ainsi, en psychologie cognitive, il est largement reconnu que l’amorçage est sous-tendu par un processus de diffusion d’activation entre la représentation activée par l’amorce et celle de la réponse comportementale. Ce postulat implique entre autres qu’un amorçage trop faible, par exemple subliminal, ne porte pas suffisamment d’activation que pour engendrer des effets à un niveau sémantique. Par contre, en cognition sociale, l’induction d’effets de nature sémantique, par la présentation d’amorces subtiles ou peu perceptibles, semble bien démontrée et ne poserait aucun problème théorique particulier. Ces effets seraient expliqués par le recours à des voies directes entre représentation activée et comportement, court-circuitant la structuration sémantique des connaissances. Cette affirmation ne semble néanmoins soutenue par aucun argument empirique spécifique.
En vue de trancher dans ce débat, j’ai décidé de revenir à la base du concept d’amorçage en cognition sociale et de tenter d’en comprendre ses mécanismes. Pour ce faire, j’ai tenté de répliquer une des expériences les plus emblématiques de cette littérature : l’expérience 2 de Bargh, Chen et Burrows (1996). Cette démarche, présentée dans le chapitre 2, a tout d’abord permis d’établir que cette expérience ne peut être répliquée aisément. Ensuite, elle a montré que certains aspects environnementaux étaient déterminants dans cette situation expérimentale, indiquant que les amorces seules étaient insuffisantes pour activer le comportement. Enfin, ces travaux ont mis en évidence que la méthode des phrases mélangées ne garantissait pas que le processus soit non conscient.
Suite à cette série de tentatives de réplication échouées, ainsi qu’aux nombreuses discussions qu’elles ont engendrées, j’ai décidé de m’intéresser plus particulièrement à la problématique que représente la réplication en psychologie.
Dans une approche exposée dans le chapitre 3, je distingue les réplications directes des réplications conceptuelles et expose leurs bienfaits et dangers. Aussi, je montre que la littérature sur l’amorçage social, phénomène jugé comme incontestable en cognition sociale, émane d’une littérature principalement fondée sur un ensemble de réplications conceptuelles. Ceci soulève un nombre important de problèmes, dont le fait de considérer tant de résultats hétérogènes comme relevant d’un seul et même phénomène d’amorçage, alors que les processus qui le sous-tendent demeurent encore sous-spécifiés.
Pour faire face à ces problèmes, j’ai décidé de changer d’approche. Il s’agira donc d’opérationnaliser l’amorçage social dans une situation expérimentale offrant plus de contrôle et permettant d’observer plus directement certains de ses processus. Dans le chapitre 4, je rapporte les résultats des études que ce paradigme combinant à la fois mesures électromyographiques et Implicit Association Test a permis de réaliser. Ceux-ci permettent d’esquisser une dynamique des étapes de traitement impliquées dans la mise en place de comportements induits par l’activation de représentations de nature sociale, comme les stéréotypes. Plus particulièrement, ils montrent que l’accès à ces représentations nécessite la mobilisation de ressources attentionnelles, soulignant à nouveau l’importance de variables modératrices dans un phénomène pourtant considéré largement comme automatique.
À l’issue de cette dissertation, j’espère avoir offert au lecteur une base pour percevoir et comprendre les défis encore à relever pour le champ de la littérature relatif à l’amorçage social. Ce faisant, j’espère avoir également ébauché une piste de solution potentielle visant à mieux appréhender et décrypter les processus du phénomène d’amorçage social.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Gaillard, Vinciane. « Relations entre conscience et contrôle dans l'apprentissage de séquences : une approche intégrée ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210661.
Texte intégralDoctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Questienne, Laurence. « Subjective Experiences in Conflict Tasks ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/259745.
Texte intégralLorsque nous réalisons une tâche, nous ressentons consciemment des expériences cognitives et affectives que l’on peut subjectivement évaluer. Par exemple, nous pouvons avoir l’impression que notre performance est plus ou moins bonne, ressentir que la tâche est plus ou moins difficile, etc. Ces expériences subjectives pourraient avoir une influence sur nos adaptations comportementales. Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous avions pour objectif de comprendre l’émergence de ces expériences subjectives et leurs rôles dans nos comportements adaptatifs. Dans une première étude expérimentale, nous avons investigué la relation entre les expériences de conflit et l’effet Gratton dans le contexte des tâches de conflit. L’effet Gratton est considéré comme une signature comportementale de mécanismes de contrôle cognitif. Nous avons répliqué et généralisé de précédents résultats (Desender, Van Opstal & Van den Bussche, 2014) qui avaient montré que les expériences métacognitives du conflit sont liées à l’effet Gratton. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons montré que les participants sont capables de se concentrer sur des aspects très spécifiques de leur expérience phénoménale, ces aspects (conflit visuel et conflit moteur) étant habituellement confondus dans des tâches de conflit. Dans la troisième et quatrième étude de cette thèse, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l’expérience de « urge-to-err », c’est à dire le sentiment subjectif d’être sur le point de faire une erreur, bien que la réponse donnée soit finalement correcte. En utilisant des enregistrements électromyographiques, nous avons montré que cette expérience subjective résulte d'une combinaison de différents aspects de la tâche, dont en particulier la performance motrice. Finalement, nous avons étudié le décours temporel de l’émergence de l’expérience de « urge-to-err » en analysant les marqueurs électroencéphalographiques liés à cette expérience. Les résultats montrent que notre expérience subjective de « urge-to-err » est aveugle aux traitements cognitifs qui ont lieu avant la réponse motrice. Cette expérience est principalement sous-tendue par des traitements tardifs liés à l’évaluation de la réponse. En résumé, à travers différentes études utilisant des mesures comportementales, électromyographiques et électroencéphalographiques, la présente thèse révèle les éléments constitutifs des expériences métacognitives dans le contexte de tâches de conflit. Ce travail contribue également à une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre expériences subjectives et comportements adaptatifs.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Prat, Michèle. « Processus cognitifs et émotion : jugement et mémorisation de situations émotionnelles ». Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30048.
Texte intégralThe objective of this research is to analyze more precisely the juncture between emotion and cognition from an experimental approach based on one hand on the use of a complex and standardized visual material to arouse emotions, and on the other hand a control of the conditions in which those emotions are produced. The research has been carried out in a longitudinal way on the same groupe of subjects submitted to three successive experimental phases, each one separated by a six month interval). The identification and emotional acknowledgment test have shown an excellent long term memorisation of the experimental material (whether visual or verbal) whenever this is emotionally significant to the subject. In other respects, the cognitive constraint imposed on the subject () influences his emotional experience and modifies his speech with regard to the other conditions. It also allows a better discrimination of emotions from texts the subject has not produced. Finally, the subjects were also able to identify the stimuli which provoked the initial emotional experience in other individuals, and this identification was even better when the cognitive constraints were stronger. To conclude this analysis, a new model of judgement of emotions is proposed and considered from both an irrational (immediate apprehension) and rational (categorical assessment) point of view. Such a model could, from a methodological point of view, provides a new perspective of the cognitive assessment (of emotions)
Chaminade, Thierry. « Neurophysiologie cognitive de l'imitation ». Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/chaminade_t.
Texte intégralChaminade, Thierry Decety Jean. « Neurophysiologie cognitive de l'imitation ». Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/chaminade_t.
Texte intégralAlamargot, Denis. « Processus de récupération et d'organisation dans l'activité de rédaction de texte : effet de l'acquisition des connaissances référentielles ». Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT5001.
Texte intégralThis series of studies investigates text production activity in a cognitive psychology perspective. We studied, in the same writers, in which way the development of their domain knowledge (referential knowledge) can modify the functionning of generating and organizing processes which underly text content composing. We set up a knowledge acquisition paradigm in which two groups of subjects (adults, and children : 11-12 years old), were given a specific training during four sessions. This was designed to develop their referential expertise. During each session and at the end of the "referential training", subjects wrote down a descriptive and an instructional text about the referential domain they had been acquiring. Two independant analyses were applied. The first one concerns acquisition of domain knowledge, the second one the text production activity. Quality of domain knowledge acquisition, throughout sessions, was evaluated by analyzing performances of subjects during their non-verbal tasks realization (drawing geometrical figures from memory ; assembling these figures - puzzle -). Development of text writing activity was investigated through the evolution of 1) the nature of the semantics links instaured between main ideas (off-line studies) and 2) the characteristics of the cyclic application of generating and organizing processes (on-line studies). By matching non-verbal performances and text composing performances, we showed that evolution of writing strategies partially depends on domain knowledge development. More precisely, effects of the referential expertise are not the same according to the age of writers (adults vs children) and the kind of text (descriptive vs intructionnal) written down
Lex, Heiko [Verfasser]. « Granularity of cognitive representations in actions - Advances to the cognitive architecture of actions / Heiko Lex ». Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070981370/34.
Texte intégralGuillem, François. « Étude psychophysiologique de la mémoire humaine à l'aide des potentiels cognitifs intracorticaux : expérimentations et modélisations ». Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR21006.
Texte intégralA "fractionnist" conception consider memory as a system composed of functionally independent interrelated, or even overlapping "boxes". Therefore, the principal problem is to associate these functional boxes with cerebral structures. Hence, this approach has developed experimental methods to evaluate the validity of its hypotheses (such as cognitive neuropsychology and neurofunctional imagery). An "activationnist" conception give the most important place o the notion of "activation" which propagates within functional networks. According to this point of view, the experimental methods which are used are those allowing a dynamic approach of information processing (such as neurophysiology and psychophysiology). The result is a double operation, at a theoretical level between modular and dynamic views, and at a methodological level between cerebral structures and neuronal activity. Thus, the aim of the present work is to show that it is possible to have an alternative approach conciliating both points of view. We have proposed a "mixt model" integrating the principal data from the "fractionnist" and "activationnist" conceptions. The objective of this model is to show that the similarity existing between the concepts used by both theoretical positions may be used as a theoretical basis for an experimental evaluation. To evaluate such "mixt model", it is necessary to have the experimental tools allowing the investigation of "boxes" and "activations" at the same time. We present some experimentations showing that the cognitive psychophysiology applied to intracranial recordings could respond to this double constraint and allows us to propose and evaluate an integrative model of human memory
Taillade, Mathieu. « Evaluation écologique des troubles de l'apprentissage et de la navigation dans les grands espaces liés au vieillissement : rôle des déclins mnésiques, exécutifs et du contrôle moteur ». Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920503.
Texte intégralEmmert, Maria. « Cognitive Reserve and its Association with Cognitive Abilities and the Big Five ». Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-119268.
Texte intégralBelletier, Clément. « Contrôle cognitif en situation d'audience et de coaction : Une approche à l'Interface de la Psychologie Sociale Expérimentale, de la Psychologie Cognitive et des Neurosciences Intégratives ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3113/document.
Texte intégralThe presence of conspecifics is the basic element of the social context, whose experimental social psychology has been trying for a century to understand the influences (positive and negative) and underlying mechanisms. In humans, these influences on cognition often depend on the evaluative capacity of the person present. At the interface of social psychology, cognitive psychology, and integrative neuroscience, our thesis is that the presence of evaluative others (experimenter presence) temporarily weakens executive control, with a negative influence in complex activities involving response conflict, and a beneficial influence in activities requiring only the emission of automatic responses to succeed. Our results (four studies) support our thesis based on the coupling of the Simon task (measuring executive control) or its recent adaptation (shared version implying the presence of a coactor) with electromyographic recordings. Our findings confirm our integrative approach of social presence effects, whose practical implications are strong, particularly with regard to the study of cognitive processes in the laboratory
MUNCH, CHRISTELLE. « Les processus de comprehension des expressions ironiques ». Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30049.
Texte intégralHouard, Olivier. « Les interactions aptitude-traitement dans des tâches procédurales assistées par un document multimédia ». Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL018.
Texte intégralThe present work is rooted in a double perspective of psychology and ergonomics and focus on the analysis of an assembly task assisted by a digital and multimedia procedural document. By positioning ourselves in the aptitude-treatment interactions theory, we address the issue of differential effects of presentation formats of the document according to users' cognitive skills. Three studies were conducted. The first one has a dual purpose: (a) identify the structure of the task by examining the functional relationships between information and action taken, according to two presentation formats of the document, (b) examine differences between individuals identifying "behavioural profiles" and analyzing their sensitivity to cognitive skills. The second one focuses on the granularity of information to be presented to users and on making a dynamic presentation of information by examining the possible effect of remediation of (a) a micro-segmented information among low spatial ability users, (b) a device for rotating the goal-image among low mental rotation users. The third one explores the individual cognitive functioning by "tracking" information processing strategies (global, analytic and synthetic), depending on the presence or absence of an additional information display device: the "pop-up". We target the intra-individual variability (amplitude and shape) strategies and investigate the explanatory power of skills on this variability
Vaidis, David Cyril Fabien. « Degré d’Inconsistance, Engagement et Information : Ré-Explorations dans le Champ de la Dissonance Cognitive ». Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100157.
Texte intégral[…] This thesis intends to re-explore 50 years of experiments and theorizations on cognitive dissonance. The original formulation of the theory was confronted with the main theoretical reformulations, particularly those supporting behavioral commitment as a necessary condition. Three key hypotheses were formulated: (a) the magnitude of dissonance is a function of the importance of the involved cognitions; (b) an external commitment is not necessary for the dissonance arousal; (c) exposure to discrepant information is sufficient to generate cognitive dissonance without requiring an explicit behavior. The designed experiments support these hypotheses. […]Collectively, the results suggest that an external explicit commitment is not necessary for the arousal of dissonance, and that a strong discrepancy allows effects of dissonance with no commitment. Finally, using psychological discomfort measures, the three designed experiments in the framework of exposure to discrepant information confirm that one piece of information discrepant with an established cognition is sufficient to arouse cognitive dissonance, even without external commitment. In this latter approach, we suggest a distinction between on one hand, behavioural dissonance, and on the other hand, informational dissonance. To conclude, our results support the original formulation of cognitive dissonance theory and assert that an appropriate use of methodology assure that discrepancy between two cognitions is a sufficient and necessary condition for dissonance arousal. The current conception of commitment within dissonance theory is also discussed and we offer several suggestions for future researches
Li, Calzi Valérie. « Effets des composants de la mémoire de travail sur la production écrite de textes ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10067.
Texte intégralNajab, Fayçal. « Contributions à la psychologie du bilinguisme : structures et fonctionnements cognitifs, alternance des langues dans la communication bilingue ». Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081391.
Texte intégralThis work examins the cognitive effects of bilingualism, especially on the structure of semantic memory, and bilingual communication. It explores the hypothesis that it may exist specific stores of semantic information related to each language, in a model which includes however a commmon level of semantic memory. Two experiments were conductet : an interlingual association task , and denomination task of culturally connotated drawings. The first one showed that intralingual associations were more numerous than interlingual ones. In the second, subjects preferentially choosed congruent language to denominate the culturally connotated drawings. The cultural cues appear to activate specific languages. The second part of this work is dedicated to the alternation of languages in two specified situations of bilingual communication : interview and group conversation. In the two situations, subjects use a selected language (or matrix language), depending on the expression of their intentions, on the interlocutors, of pragmatic context, on the negociation of meaning and of implicit or explicit stakes. The alternation of languages appears to play a metacommunicative role in bilingual communication
FREYDIER, Chloé. « Attention divisée en simulation de conduite automobile. Influence de l’expérience et Impact de l’alcool ». Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01027864.
Texte intégralGROFF, Jonathan. « Traitement cognitif des animations graphiques adaptées à la signalétique transport ». Phd thesis, UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947673.
Texte intégralStephan, Denise Nadine [Verfasser]. « The tale of amodal cognitive control processes : evidence for modality-specific influences on cognitive control processes / Denise Nadine Stephan ». Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065973586/34.
Texte intégralPavoine, Sylvie. « Contextes émotionnels et régulation des fonctionnements cognitifs : une contribution expérimentale ». Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20092.
Texte intégralBlès, Marie-France. « Modélisation", affect, émotions et sens : plaidoyer pour une individualité ». Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070017.
Texte intégralThis study concerns the fields of affects and emotions by considering certain paradigms recently brought forward by the "cognitive sciences". The semantic modelling of memory is exploited as a true operative technique, during the course of development, in the attempt to demonstrate a concept of a stability/instability duality in our memorised knowledge, which may be brought about by the influence of affects on meaning. The theoretical approach is then removed from its cognitive context to be relocated in the realms of psychopathology and psychoanalysis with a view to reinforcing the notion of a generic and individual organisation of how perceptions are interpreted. While questions have been asked regarding their place of origin in relation to prefontal pathologies and how they then develop, these parameters are here examined by looking at 'slips of the tongue' and dream "images", and subsequently in the establishment of a phobia and mental anorexia. These structures display the existence of "deviations" which can be found in the predication of words, such that they no longer relate to their typical points of reference but become individual semantic constructions, producing paradoxical communication, expressing something other than what they should express (a "horse" or "food", for example); these same constructions can also be observed in memorised cultural hypotheses, which are "scenarios", and in relation to certain negative markers
Ratko-Dehnert, Emil. « Distributional constraints on cognitive architecture ». Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-159387.
Texte intégralKim, Taeho [Verfasser]. « Action observation and motor imagery as a cognitive intervention. Changes in perceptual-cognitive and skill performance following training / Taeho Kim ». Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237815576/34.
Texte intégralGinet, Anne-Marie. « Clairvoyance normative et besoin de cognition dans les processus d'attribution et de rationalisation ». Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20002.
Texte intégralGetz, Isaac. « Stratégies et base de connaissance dans le développement d'une habileté cognitive ». Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H065.
Texte intégralThis work deals with the cognitive development in the domain of chess, domain often considered as the drosophila of the cognitive psychology. The exhaustive and critical review of thirty years of research in this domain allowed me to find out that the researchers studied essentially the chess expertise and not its development (see also french & sternberg. 1991). In order to study the latter i have made to cholces motivated by theoretical and methodological arguments : (1) to consider only a little fragment of the global chess skill, that of castling : (2) to study the development of the castling skill among children novices (often called "universal novices") from the very beginning of their chess learning in the specialized chess school. To elaborate the castling skill development model i have adapted the karmiloff-smith (1986, 1990) cognitive development theory concerning the strategies. I have also integrated in my model another traditional cognitive development factor, that of knowledge base. The model's empirical validation concerning the strastegies was accomplished through the chess games' protocol analysis, while the validation concerning the knowledge base was carried on through the chess positions' immeddiate recall both in the intenttional and unintentional conditions. I have also elaborated a connectonist mechanism for a pilot simultation. It has contributed to a better understanding of the castling skill development thanks to the isolation of the connectionist type "micro"-structures. This work also offers a rather deep state-of-art presentation of
Borragan, Pedraz Guillermo. « Behavioural bases and functional dynamics of cognitive fatigue ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/237311.
Texte intégralDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Carbe, Katia. « Spatial coding of abstract concepts ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219173.
Texte intégralDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gauducheau, Nadia. « Les inférences sur les états mentaux du partenaire en situation de résolution de problèmes à plusieurs par des enfants d'âge scolaire ». Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100107.
Texte intégralThis research focuses on inferences about "the others" mental states related to a socio-cognitive interaction. The participants were 125 ten-year-olds children and 71 adults. Our goal is to describe those inferences and to identify the verbal and nonverbal cues used by children to construct those inferences. Moreover, we compare children inferences with adults' ones and we examine the link with school performance. The results show a variation of inferences depending on the different types of interaction (conflict, agreement, etc. ). They point out the importance of nonverbal behaviours to product those inferences. The children's ability to infer mental states evolves but seems not to be connected with school performance
Debue, Nicolas. « TIC et cognition humaine :rôles des caractéristiques instrumentales des technologies sur la charge cognitive de l'utilisateur ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241229.
Texte intégralDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ayari, Mondher. « Esquisse d'écoute et de pensée musicales arabes : essai de psychologie cognitive de l'audition ». Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081705.
Texte intégralGuay, Karianne. « Adaptation cognitive chez les adolescents ayant subi la maltraitance ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69030.
Texte intégralThe developmental impacts of childhood maltreatment are widely documented in scientific literature. On the cognitive level, some children are found to be hypervigilant in regards to signals associated with a potential danger, which can lead to a privileged allocation of attention toward those stimuli. Such an attentional bias allows a quick threat detection in order to adapt oneself in an adverse environment. It can, in turn, unnecessarily capture attention in a security context. However, the actual state of knowledge remains limited regarding the manifestation of this phenomenon during the juvenile period more specifically. Therefore, the aim of the present thesis is to verify whether an attentional bias towards threatening stimuli persists among adolescents who have experienced maltreatment. 79 adolescents (48 girls) aged 12 to 17 are recruited in the Quebec City region to form a group of 39 youths who have a history of maltreatment and a comparative group of 40 teenage controls. They perform an attentional blink (AB) task which measure the correct identification of characteristics from target faces (T1 and T2) introduced into a rapid serial presentation of neutral faces. In line with the hypothesis that task-relevant threatening stimuli should have a facilitating effect on performance, a first empirical chapter shows that an angry T2, presented in a resource-constrained situation, appears to automatically redirect attention to the stimulus. This attentional capture effect then takes the form of a cognitive competence in the two groups of adolescents. On the other hand, a threatening expression that is not relevant to process - as when identifying the gender of an angry T1 is rather required - seems to divert attention from the other characteristics of this stimulus. Under these circumstances, attentional capture results in a cognitive difficulty that impedes the processing of the targeted information for all participants. The undifferentiated results between groups mainly point out the absence of attentional bias specific to participants exposed to maltreatment. A second empirical chapter thus proposes a quantitative approach allowing to test the existence of an attentional bias differently while deepening comprehension of the AB task data. Parameters based on the Signal Detection Theory reveal that adolescents of the maltreatment group are more likely to report having seen a T2 when it was in fact absent in comparison with the control group. Such a tendency is accompanied by a decision-making strategy of a more liberal nature than participants not exposed to maltreatment, which is effectively known to increase susceptibility to false alarm errors or the number of incidental detections. Nevertheless, these almost significant differences between groups remain independent of the negative valence of previously treated T1, thus confirming the absence of attentional bias among the adolescents who experienced maltreatment. This being, exploratory correlations with the psychiatric symptoms scales of the Child Behavior Checklist open up on some clinical elements to v consider with regard to the results, notably participants' level of impulsivity/inhibition. The thesis conclusions imply a possible extinction of the threat-related attentional bias observed among children with a history of maltreatment. Impacts of this discovery are integrated with knowledge about the maturation of cognitive and behavioral regulatory mechanisms during puberty. A processoriented evaluation approach is encouraged with a view of enhancing clinical benefits from experimental research.
Moscardini, Laurence. « De l'étude de la créativité en conception à son assistance : rôle de l'expertise et des sources d'inspiration ». Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/185393136#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texte intégralSources of inspiration have a central role in the creative design activity. Our thesis work aims to study the cognitive processes of evocation of these sources of inspiration, but also ways to increase creativity with external supports providers sources of inspiration or also by training in reasoning by analogy with sources of inspiration. Our general hypothesis is that the expertise in creative design is the ability to make analog associations between the characteristics of the object to be designed (target) and those items that we can be inspired (sources); target and source may be close or distant domains. It follows that more great ability to evoke internal sources of inspiration, to use external sources of inspiration provided by a support system, or to learn how to take advantage of the reasoning by analogy are skills that depend on the level of expertise in creative design. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a series of three experimental studies with the participation of professional designers and product students in Product Design. The thesis work were able to highlight the conditions that promote the emergence of creative ideas from designers, this via experimental results. On this basis and according to the cognitive psychology ergonomic approach, the identification of cognitive processes used in creative activity helped to participate at the evaluation of a computational system for the activities of expert designers and the development of tools for stimulating creativity of novice designers
Politzer, Guy. « La psychologie du raisonnement : lois de la pragmatique et logique formelle ». Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080793.
Texte intégralThe study of the interpretation of the premises in reasoning is considered as a prerequisite for the study of the inforential step which results in a conclusion. The interpretation of the premises is analysed from the point of view of linguistic pragmatics within the conceptual framework of sperber & wilson's relevance theory. The paradigms reviewed are : immediate deduction between quantified statements, categorical syllogisms, the conjunction effect, class inclusion, and the contractual variety of conditional reasoning. It is shown that in all these cases the subject reasons from premises that are interpreted according to laws of language use and whose meaning differs from the meaning which investigators of those paradigms assume or precuppose. This result questions the interpretation of empirical data offered by theories of reasoning and judgment
Magnard, Justine. « Inhibition cognitive et fonction sensorimotrice : d'une mise à l'épreuve méthodologique à l'exploration des interactions liés au vieillissement ». Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2018/document.
Texte intégralInhibition is a cognitive function characterized by specific inhibitory processes. It can be distinguished a so-called perceptual inhibition (PI), responsible for inhibiting of irrelevant stimuli, from a so-called motor inhibition (MI), in charge of the suppression of inappropriate motor responses. In this context, this thesis raised two major issues concerning the PI and MI processes, by using the reaction time conflict tasks designed by Nassauer & Halperin (2003). Firstly, we tested the robustness of original results underlying the theoretical independence of PI and MI processes. Whatever the experimental complexity (seated vs. standing position, responses with hands vs. feet, with vs. without localized vibrations), the results (3 studies / 200 subjects) confirmed the independence of PI vs. MI processes in young adults. Secondly, we examined in healthy older adults the possible role of PI in the integration process of proprioceptive inputs essential for efficient postural performance. The results (3 studies / 100 subjects) showed altered inhibitory performances while performing dynamic and static postural tasks in older adults. But no specific inhibitory control of the imposed proprioceptive perturbation (i.e., vibrations) was shown. The discussion is structured around issues of the agerelated decline of proprioceptive sensitivity and the high attentional load associated with the tasks in older adults. Finally, this work opens theoretical and clinical perspectives which could allow for a better characterization of PI and MI processes, such as agerelated discrimination of these specific inhibitory capacities
Georgsdottir, Asta Solveig. « La flexibilité cognitive : une approche différentielle et développementale ». Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05A002.
Texte intégralMauchand, Pierre. « Motivation sous incertitude : étude de l'influence de l'heuristique d'ancrage et d'ajustement sur les cognitions, le comportement et la performance ». Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/mauchand_p.
Texte intégralCoello, Yann. « Contrôle spatio-temporel du mouvement : analyse cinématique d'un mouvement de pointage perturbé par un champ artificiel de forces gravito-inertielles ». Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE29050.
Texte intégralThe topic of this study is to analyse the adjustment of a pointing movement submitted to an unexpected gravito intertial perturbation. In a rotating environment, the presence of centrifugal and coriolis accelerations perturbed the displacement of the hand towards a target respectively in amplitude and in direction. Overall, the results show that the amplitude of the movement is precisely adjusted, from the first trial, during the carrying out of the movement. The initial part of the hand displacement is ad justed by a modification of the time of increasing acceleration. The final part of the movement seems to be adjusted as a function of the spatial goal to reach. After several rehearsals of the movement, the kinematic analysis suggests an anticipation of the effects of the perturbation at the motor programming level, so making the on line adjustment useless. By contrast, the direction of the movement seems not to be adjustable during the execution of the movement but rather seems to require an off line modification of the motor command in order to improve the forthcoming performances. The decrease of the error is iteratively achieved by successive rotations of the initial part of the trajectory likely through feed forward control. The visual informations can assist the directional control of the trajectory. However the corrections are observed when the movement lasts at least 365ms. Taken as a whole, these results fit well with a hierarchical conception of the motor control. The absence of fast ajustment of the direction of the hand displacement, with the fact that subjects are fully aware of the directional error, suggest that this spatial parameter is processed at a high level of the motor control. Conver sely, the quickness as well as the automatism of the corrections of the radial distancing of the hand. .
Mauchand, Pierre Martin Robert. « Motivation sous incertitude étude de l'influence de l'heuristique d'ancrage et d'ajustement sur les cognitions, le comportement et la performance / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/mauchand_p.
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