Bibliographies thématiques / Public Affairs Division

Sommaire

Articles de revues
Thèses
Livres
Chapitres de livres

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Public Affairs Division »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 26 juillet 2024

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres

Choisissez une source :

Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Public Affairs Division ».

À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.

Articles de revues sur le sujet "Public Affairs Division"

Diehl, William J., and Michael Prince. "Managing a Public Affairs Co-Op1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (1999): 1133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-1133.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

ABSTRACT An effective public affairs effort during a crisis is of paramount importance, both in disseminating accurate information and in shaping a positive public perception of the response effort. Good crisis managers take a proactive role preparing, staffing, and testing a media plan. The state of Michigan has had success in its media plan by establishing a Joint Public Information Team (JPIT) consisting of federal, state, and local agencies. This paper is an overview of how the state recruits members, defines jobs, and equips a JPIT. It gives the history of how the JPIT got started and dis

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Pozenel, Jay. "Remarks by Jay Pozenel." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 115 (2021): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2021.134.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The UN Office of Legal Affairs provides central legal support and assistance to UN offices and entities implementing the fundamental UN mandate established by the UN Charter, namely, to support the maintenance of international peace and security; to promote economic and social advancement for all people; and to affirm faith in fundamental human rights and promote the wider acceptance of international law. The General Legal Division is one of six divisions of the UN Office of Legal Affairs, and one of two of the Office's divisions that provide transactional legal services and support to the Uni

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Christensen, Lars Lindberg, Pedro Russo, Richard Tresch Fienberg, et al. "DIVISION C COMMISSION 55: COMMUNICATING ASTRONOMY WITH THE PUBLIC." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, T29A (2015): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316000776.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The IAU Division C Commission 55, Communicating Astronomy with the Public, played an active role in Union affairs within Division C, Education, Outreach and Heritage. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) vested considerable responsibility for its public outreach efforts in Commission 55 (C55), Communicating Astronomy with the Public. This article briefly recounts the origin and history of C55 over the past decade, and describes the work of C55 until it became Division C Commission C.C2 in 2015. As stated on our website, http://www.communicatingastronomy.org, C55 was founded on the princi

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Bidabad, Bijan. "Public Administration: An Islamic Sufi Approach." International Journal of Shari'ah and Corporate Governance Research 2, no. 2 (2019): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijscgr.v2i2.318.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Along with comparing public administration affairs in traditional political, genuinely religious, patrimonial, and charismatic systems, we deal with decision-making problem, and along with mentioning decision-making methods in modern mathematics, the decision making process on the basis of personal value system will be under considerations. If the human beings’ value system moves from caring material affairs towards concerning spiritualties, the consequences of decision-making process would be improved. In establishing management and making hierarchical organization, the more the rate of disci

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Edaich, Said. "Al-Shura – the consultative system administrating public affairs in Shari’ah." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 14, no. 3 (2016): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1485.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The governance theory has experienced an important evolution throughout history of political models known until present day. Specialists and scholars agree unanimously on the representative system being the preferred instrument of modern democracy to organize the state authority and competences. Politicians and rulers are elected according to a subjective approach, with the obligation to establish and realize public issues. This is a process in which the will of voters is used to prove the legitimacy of the power; however, it is deprived of an impact on direct politicians’ decisions. In anothe

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Maharani, Nadya Puan, Aji Rahmatullah, Muhammad Alfian Zuhri, and Dian Fitriani Afifah. "Peran Dinas Perhubungan Kota Bandung Dalam Tata Kelola Perparkiran." Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health 4, no. 1 (2025): 777–84. https://doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v4i1.5033.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The division of power in Indonesia consists of two dimensions: vertical and horizontal. Horizontally, power is separated among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches by applying the principle of checks and balances. Vertically, power is divided between the central government and regional governments through the principle of decentralization, as regulated in Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government. Regional governments aim to manage governmental affairs at the local level. Regional governmental affairs are classified into absolute affairs, concurrent affairs, and general affairs. C

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Suryani, Lilis, Kurhayadi Kurhayadi, and Susniwati Susniwati. "Evaluating Service Quality and Motivation in Affecting Employee Performance in Public Sector." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Advantage 7, no. 2 (2023): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30741/adv.v7i2.1225.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

All members of the institution must actively contribute through excellent work, recognizing that the overall organizational effectiveness hinges on individual employee performance. This research seeks to explore and assess how service quality and motivation impact the job performance of employees in the Banquet Affairs division of the West Java Provincial Government's Regional Secretariat. Employing a quantitative approach, the study employs both descriptive and verification methods to analyze these influences. The population in this study is 30 respondents chosen using the saturated sample me

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

이현지. "Public Servant Ethic and the Leadership Education of Social Affairs Division in the Elementary School." 한국학논집 ll, no. 69 (2017): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18399/actako.2017..69.011.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Dow, K. L. "Developing Science Education and Outreach Partnerships at Research Institutions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 162 (1998): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100115155.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Like many research institutions, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysicsf (CfA), has been actively engaged in education and public outreach activities for many years. The Harvard University Department of Astronomy, the formal higher education arm of the CfA, offers an undergraduate concentration and a doctoral program. In our Science Education Department, educational researchers manage ten programs that address the needs of teachers and students (K-12 and college), through advanced technology, teacher enhancement programs, and the development of curriculum materials. The Editorial and

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Tobback, Louis. "De politicus, de diplomaat en de deskundige in het veiligheidsbeleid." Res Publica 29, no. 1 (1987): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v29i1.18959.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Who makes decisions concerning defence policy in Belgium? Not the public opinion, because otherwise there would be no Cruise missiles.Not the Parliament, because the parliamentarians only ratify international treaties. Not the Minister of Foreign Affairs, because the Minister of Defence makes decisions without contacting Foreign Affairs. Even the Government as a whole and the Prime Minister do not much take care about the defence policy. The so-called experts concerning defence policy are the militaries, the diplomats and the NATO-bureaucrats.Yet, the political problems with respect to the Atl

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Public Affairs Division"

Jenkins, Aaron. "A nested environmental approach to typhoid epidemiology in Central Division, Fiji." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1992.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Many current disease threats involve interactions within and between nested subsystems of biological organisation. Typhoid fever is a serious disease threat in the South Pacific region, with Fiji reporting the highest annual number of cases, yet risk factors in this setting have been poorly studied. While localised behaviours have dominated perspectives on typhoid transmission, interactions between distal ecological conditions, conditions of the residential environment and localised behaviour deserve greater attention for their potential to influence transmission. This thesis demonstrates a ne

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Arruda, Joana. "The National Park Service Division of International Affairs: The Case for International Perspectives, 1916-2016." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/368270.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

History M.A. In 1916 the United States National Park Service (NPS) was founded to conserve the nation’s natural and cultural landscapes as well as “to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.” While much historical analysis has been done by historians and the NPS on the agency’s national history, these scholars have ignored how the NPS was shaped by and contributed to an international history of national parks. Thus, this thesis addresses this historiographical gap and institutional forge

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Loh, S. H., and n/a. "Resettlement training and factors affecting employment of ex-servicemen in Malaysia - a case study." University of Canberra. Education, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050426.140714.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Unemployment was a major problem faced by the ex-servicemen in Malaysia since the early seventies. Recognising the needs of ex-servicemen, the government through the organisation of the Veterans Affairs Division (VAD) introduced the resettlement program for the ex-servicemen with the aim of assisting the veterans to find employment. However despite the implementation of training programs, the rate of unemployment among the ex-servicemen was relatively very high, whilst the extent of the as well as the underlying factors remained unknown, with the resultant ambiguity of the role of VAD. This ca

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Crowe, Peggy A. "Development and fundraising practices in divisions of student affairs at 4-year, public universities." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1294342953.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Brown, DeShanna K. "Development of Strategic Fundraising Practices for Divisions of Student Affairs at 4-year Public Flagship Institutions." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/131.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Today public higher education leaders are charged with finding private gifts to support their campus operations as state appropriations decline. Accordingly, budget cuts are often a challenge for units within institutions that support the co-curricular experience. This applied dissertation was designed to identify fundraising strategies that supplement operating budgets for student affairs divisions at four-year public institutions that are members the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Southeastern Conference (SEC) and Big Ten. The researcher surveyed development offic

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Steele, Matthew. "Compensation and Organizational Outcomes: Examining the Relationship between Teacher Salaries and Student Achievement for School Divisions in Virginia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2302.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This research presents the results of general linear modeling (GLM) of 131 school divisions in Virginia. The purpose of this research is to answer the question: What is the relationship between teacher salaries and student achievement as measured by Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)? Utilizing an equity theory and distributive justice perspective, data related to achievement in English and mathematics by high school students, as measured by the requirements of AYP, were culled from the Virginia Department of Education for every school division in Virginia in the subjects of reading, writing, al

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Ott, Kenneth Brad. "The Closure of New Orleans' Charity Hospital After Hurricane Katrina: A Case of Disaster Capitalism." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1472.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract Amidst the worst disaster to impact a major U.S. city in one hundred years, New Orleans’ main trauma and safety net medical center, the Reverend Avery C. Alexander Charity Hospital, was permanently closed. Charity’s administrative operator, Louisiana State University (LSU), ordered an end to its attempted reopening by its workers and U.S. military personnel in the weeks following the August 29, 2005 storm. Drawing upon rigorous review of literature and an exhaustive analysis of primary and secondary data, this case study found that Charity Hospital was closed as a result of disaster c

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Macharavanda, Patience Immaculate. "The leadership challenge in the Immigration Division of the Department of Home Affairs." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23691.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Thesis (M.M. (Public and Development Management))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits School of Governance, 2016 Over the past twenty years and even during the apartheid era, South Africa has undergone significant waves of migration and leadership challenges. Migration into South Africa has been, and still is, a result of many different factors that include economic reasons and seeking political refuge. This migration wave has also taken its toll on the country’s leadership skills and strategies as well as the Immigration Department as regards the

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Weng, Yu-Fang, and 翁瑜芳. "A Study of Stress and Adjustment at Work of General Affairs Division Staffs in Public Senior High Schools." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95hb58.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

碩士 國立彰化師範大學 工業教育與技術學系 107 This study aimed to explore the differences in stress and adjustment at work of general affairs division staffs of various backgrounds in public senior high schools. This study adopted the questionnaire survey method with the survey subjects being the general affairs division staffs in public senior high schools. The sampling method applied was proportional stratified random sampling. A total of 360 questionnaires were issued and 279 were retrieved. The invalid questionnaires were discarded, and the 270 questionnaires left were valid. The valid response ra

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Sun, Chien-Ping, and 孫建屏. "An Investigation from the Interaction between the Troop''s Public Affairs Divisions and the Journalists of the Media." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83yar6.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

碩士 國立中山大學 傳播管理研究所 95 In order to meet the innovation of military affairs in recent years, no matter the military strength, troop formation or the research and development for the national army of new generation, major military maneuvers, recruitment demand of military talents, actual training situation of troops, or the handling and explanation of important news events, the Ministry of National Defense and the various armed services adopt more open ways by inviting the local and foreign media to report the events on the spot, thus letting all the people of Taiwan understand the cha

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Livres sur le sujet "Public Affairs Division"

United States. Dept. of the Army. Division (Training), 78th, ed. Family assistance handbook: Army Public Affairs, 78th Division (Training). Dept. of the Army, Headquarters, 78th Division (TNG), 1986.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Insurance, California Legislature Senate Committee on. Oversight hearing on the Department of Insurance Consumer Services Division: Budget, layoffs and the impact on services to the public. Senate Publications, 1996.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Office, New Zealand Audit. Report of the Controller and Auditor-General on Department of Justice, Commercial Affairs Division. Reports Group, Audit Office, 1993.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

British Medical Association. Public Affairs Division., ed. Smoking out the barons: The campaign against the tobacco industry : a report of the British Medical Association Public Affairs Division. Published on behalf of the British Medical Association [by] Wiley, 1986.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Johnson, Harold J. American Samoa: Financial management practices : statement of Harold J. Johnson, Director, Foreign Economic Assistance Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, before the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs, House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives. The Office, 1992.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

1950-, Mellard Daryl F., Hoffman Lesa, and Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), eds. Current status on accommodating students with disabilities in selected community and technical colleges: The Individual Accommodations Model : accommodating students with disabilities in post-secondary settings : a project of the University of Kansas, Center for Research on Learning, Division of Adult Studies. U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center, 2001.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Defense management: Consolidation of printing : statement of Paul F. Math, Director, Research, Development, Acquisition, and Procurement, National Security and International Affairs Division, before the Joint Committee on Printing, Congress of the United States. The Office, 1992.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

United States. General Accounting Office, ed. Federal land management: Streamlining and reorganization issues : statement of Michael Gryszkowiec, Director of Planning and Reporting, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate. The Office, 1996.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

United States. General Accounting Office, ed. Federal contracting: Comments on S. 1724, the Freedom from Government Competition Act : statement of L. Nye Stevens, Director, Federal Management and Workforce Issues, General Government Division, before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. The Office, 1996.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Public Affairs Division"

Bryer, Thomas Andrew. "Coproducing Community Conversations on Divisive Issues." In Integrating Community Engagement in Public Affairs Education. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032669939-13.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Van Wingerden, Christina, Maureen Ellis, and Theodore W. Pratt Jr. "Creating a Sustainable Program for Ethics in Student Affairs." In Handbook of Research on Education and Technology in a Changing Society. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6046-5.ch077.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Ethics is an important thread within higher education student affairs. Creating avenues for intentional, sustainable dialogues and consistent education for employees, one Ethics Officer at a four-year public university in the Northwest embarked on understanding the ethical climate to improve how student affairs professionals interact with students. The goal of this mixed-method design study examined the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of its division administrators about ethics, the ethical climate of a university student affairs division, and the design of an ethical training curriculum for

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Van Wingerden, Christina, Maureen Ellis, and Theodore W. Pratt Jr. "Creating a Sustainable Program for Ethics in Student Affairs." In Human Rights and Ethics. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6433-3.ch017.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Musto, David F. "The Troubled Twenties." In The American Disease, Origins Of Narcotic Control. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125092.003.0008.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract The successful campaign to close the clinics can be credited to the establishment of a semiautonomous federal agency, the Narcotic Division of the Prohibition Unit, which could mount a coordinated and enduring attack from its headquarters in Washington with its own field force of about 170 agents divided among thirteen districts.1 The head of the Narcotic Division, Levi G. Nutt, remained in his post from 1920 until early 1930, outlasting several Prohibition commissioners who succeeded one another as the enforcement of dry laws failed under widespread dishonesty and public contempt. On

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Schuster, J. Mark. "The Canada Council for the Arts Public Affairs, Research and Communications Division Pesearch Unit Ottawa, Ontario." In Informing Cultural Policy. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203788509-19.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Sainlaude, Stève. "Conclusion." In France and the American Civil War, translated by Jessica Edwards. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649948.003.0011.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The imperial government was able to focus solely on French national interests in determining its policy on the American crisis, without taking into account public opinion, because the antidemocratic nature of the Second Empire meant that decision-makers discussed external affairs in the closed sphere of the Quai d’Orsay or the Tuileries Palace. To determine its course of action during the American Civil War, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs therefore relied solely on its assessment of how France could best benefit from the situation created by the crisis, a judgment that it based on the

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

"Intervention by Mrs Marie-Odile Wiederkehr Head of Public Law Division, Directorate of Legal Affairs of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France." In Human Rights of Aliens in Europe. Brill | Nijhoff, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004638129_071.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Rack, Reinhard. "Austria: Has the Federation Become Obsolete?" In Federalizing Europe? Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198279921.003.0009.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract Article 2 Section 1 of the Austrian federal Constitution states: ‘Austria is a federal state’. A closer look at the Austrian federal Constitution shows that this statement is, at best, a half-truth. Austria is a federal state, but a weak one. Or, to be more precise, a country where the nine states comprising the Republic are not very strong and the federation is almost all-powerful. In Austria, for instance, there is no real power-sharing between the federation (the Bund) and the states (the Länder). Articles 10 to 15, which is where the division of competences between the federation

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Holden Reid, Brian. "Brigade Commander, March‒August 1861." In The Scourge of War. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195392739.003.0005.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This chapter assesses William T. Sherman’s efforts to introduce himself to President Lincoln, as well as his presidency at the Fifth Street Railroad, a company specializing in street cars. Sherman was unimpressed with the president; Lincoln seemed to Sherman the partisan-in-chief. Sherman would write several weeks after his meeting with Lincoln that the president had intimated “that military men were not wanted”; this seems unlikely, unless it refers to regular officers rather than volunteers. On April 1, 1861, Sherman began his new job as president of the Fifth Street Railroad. Yet, though Sh

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

LeDrew, Stephen. "Atheism and the Social Sciences." In Science, Belief and Society. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206944.003.0011.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In the past two decades, the anti-religious movement known as New Atheism has been working to define a scientific basis for opposing religion and its influence in public affairs. New Atheist thought on religion is rooted in scientism and a narrative of progress and Enlightenment that refers to ideas derived from evolutionary biology for its authority. A notable feature of this approach is the New Atheism’s critique of the social sciences, which it dismisses as relativistic and seeks to replace with evolutionary psychology and neuroscience. This chapter examines the New Atheism’s position in te

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nous offrons des réductions sur tous les plans premium pour les auteurs dont les œuvres sont incluses dans des sélections littéraires thématiques. Contactez-nous pour obtenir un code promo unique!