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1
Lundin, Olle. "Multi-actor Ownership : The Case of Swedish Development Cooperation with Ukraine." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160466.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ownership is a guiding principle in today’s development cooperation practices, aiming to foster an efficient development cooperation driven by the recipients. However, ownership is paradoxical and ambiguous. No coherent understanding of ownership exists. The multistakeholder development cooperation arena is argued to complicate the recipients’ possibilities to acquire ownership. As the literature lacks an eastern European perspective, this study addresses the above-mentioned dimensions by examining ownership in Swedish development cooperation with Ukraine. By conducting interviews, this study confirms that there is a confusion among development actors in defining what ownership is. In contrast to previous research, this study finds the multi-stakeholder approach as an advantage of ownership. Collaboration between local actors can contribute to capacity development, joint commitment and stronger responsibility, which increases the probabilities that outcomes of development projects will be governed and progressed by the local actors in the long run. Hence, this study contributes to the literature with a more clarified understanding of ownership. Ownership is perceived as a relational concept that is dynamically promoted over time. This study concludes that commitment, capacity and participation are dimensions that can promote this myriad of local actors involved in development practices to acquire a multi-actor ownership of different dimensions of the development process.
2
Schelb, Simone-Ariane. "The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the European Union: A Case Study of Germany and Hungary." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3543.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores the impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on the Common European Asylum System. It evaluates the extent to which the European Union was able to implement a common asylum system, identifies discrepancies between different European countries, primarily Germany and Hungary, and briefly examines the roots of these differences. To this end, the structure of the international refugee protection regime and the German and Hungarian asylum systems are analyzed. Furthermore, the thesis explores how the governments of the two countries perceive the rights of refugees and how their views have affected their handling of the crisis. The case studies of Germany and Hungary have revealed that the treatment of Syrian refugees varies enormously within the EU. Hence, the implementation of the Common European Asylum System has not been achieved, which can be attributed to the deficiencies within the system and the growing ideological rifts within the EU.
3
Dmitrenko, Alexander. "Natural law or liberalism?, gay rights in the new Eastern Europe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63077.pdf.
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4
Zottarelli, Lisa K. "Coming in From the Cold: Integration into the European Union and Public Opinion on Democracy and the Market Economy in Central and Eastern Europe." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3099/.
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The political economy transformations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have received a great deal of attention over the past decade. The focus of much research has been to examine the internal national reorientations of the countries with regard to the changes in political and economic conditions. The importance of the international reorientation of these countries toward Western Europe in general and the European Union in particular has been generally overlooked. This dissertation examines public opinion on the political and economic transformations within the framework of the direction of the international reorientations of the countries. The countries were divided into three categories, those that can be expected to be invited to join the European Union in the next enlargement, those that can be expected to join the European Union in a subsequent enlargement, and the countries not seeking European Union membership. Public opinion on democracy and the market economy and attitudinal factors that influence these opinions are compared in 16 countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The data are from the Central and East European Barometers 3-7 (1992 - 1996). The findings suggest that general opinions regarding satisfaction with democracy are not related to the status of the country seeking membership in the European Union while support from the market economy does differ. When examining attitudinal factors that are related to satisfaction with democracy and support for the market economy, differences emerged between the three categories of countries. These findings suggest that public opinion is in part shaped by the international orientations of the country and that changes in public opinion are important in understanding the political and economic transformation processes.
5
Jörgensen, Fredrik. "The Law BusinessmanTM : Five Essays on Legal Self-efficacy and Business Risk." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97625.
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The thesis challenges the notion of effectiveness of law as being based on the formal institutions of courts, law enforcement and written law. It argues that the best way to measure the effectiveness of law is the legal self-efficacy of laymen who are the end users of law. It presents a new perspective on the effectiveness of law. It turns the traditional perspective of studying the effects of legal institutions around and instead studies the effect of how individuals perceive their own ability to use law. This self-reflexive ability - legal self-efficacy - is the answer to the question “How comfortable are with communicating with legal terminology?”. The thesis makes several comparisons using the traditional perspective and legal self-efficacy and finds that legal self-efficacy is a better measure of legal effectiveness. This thesis analyzes 246 businesspeople in Russia and their risk behavior with regards to economic transactions in relation to legal self-efficacy. The theory behind legal self-efficacy is a combination of Luhmann’s theory of law as communication and Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy. The first paper applies the traditional approach. It analyzes the effect of legal efficiency on leverage and debt maturity for listed and non-listed companies. The second paper is describes the conceptual foundation of the legal effectiveness based on the individual. The third paper compares the effect of private order (including legal self-efficacy) and public order institutions on the granting of trade credit. The fourth paper analyzes the impact of legal self-efficacy and formal legal institutions on sanctions against clients in a comparative perspective. The final paper seeks out possible sources of legal self-efficacy. Legal self-efficacy can be used to better understand the interaction of individuals and law including such fields of research as behavioral accounting, behavioral law and finance, legal sociology and legal studies.
6
Widmann, Fiona. "Investigating disparate approaches to refugee management in Europe and Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33978.
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The global refugee population is at an all-time high and is expected to continue to rise in the near future. Recent crises in Europe as well as the refugee situation in Africa have once again highlighted the challenges in managing the world's refugees. While both regions are currently host to a significant number of refugees, their approaches to managing the situation appear to differ greatly. Therefore, this thesis sets out to investigate approaches to refugee management in Europe and Africa. In addition, it aims to find an answer to the question of how the chosen approach affects long-term refugee management and, in turn, the prospect of achieving durable solutions for refugees in the respective regions. Through an examination of the applicable laws, both internationally and regionally, as well as by consulting secondary sources, the ‘European approach' and the ‘African approach' to refugee management were identified. Furthermore, a closer look at two case studies, one from each region, provided more insight into how international and regional policies are translated in the domestic context, and what the ensuing prospects are for durable solutions. Deterrence appeared to be prevalent in both contexts, albeit arguably due to different circumstances. As significant shortcomings in achieving a dignified and rights-respecting approach to refugee management were identified, this thesis concludes with three recommendations.
7
Wilk, Piotr. "Economic determinants of public attitudes toward European integration in central and eastern Europe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ42223.pdf.
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Luwaya, Nolundi. "Understanding women's claim to land in an Eastern Cape Village." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29793.
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The history of land dispossession in South Africa affected communities in the former homelands in multiple ways. The laws used to implement policies of segregation and dispossession undermined the rights to land held by black South Africans living in the countryside. Women living in these communities suffered under the dual burden of diminished status in the eyes of the law and landlessness. This history has shaped the current reality of women living on communal land in rural South Africa and has influenced the development and security of their land rights. In the context of a Constitutionally protected right to secure tenure, this dissertation discusses relevant literature, past legislative interventions and present-day laws, bills and policies in order to foreground the powerful role of framing in determining whose land rights are recognised and protected. Drawing on further literature and empirical research I discuss the interaction between top down approaches to framing laws and the assignment of status, an aspect that is crucial for black women. I discuss this alongside the lived experiences of women claiming residential land in a rural Eastern Cape community in order to foreground the inherent shortcomings of such top down approaches and their inability to fully recognise and protect the land rights of rural women.
9
Rachovitsa, Adamantia. "'Fragmentation or unity of public international law' revisited : analysing the European Convention on Human Rights when the European Court takes cognisance of public international law norms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13023/.
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This thesis addresses the legal challenges arising in the context of the ‘fragmentation or unity of public international law’. The question of the so-called fragmentation of public international law mainly refers to the phenomenon of diversification and expansion of public international law. In recent years, the proliferation of international bodies entrusted with the task of monitoring States’ compliance with their international obligations has increased the possibility of conflicting interpretations of similar or identical rules of international law. In this context, it is claimed that international courts with limited ratione materiae and personae jurisdiction fragment international law and threaten its unity. This thesis examines the question of the fragmentation of public international law from the perspective of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). In the view of the present author, the European Court has developed the autonomous interpretative principle of taking cognisance of public international law norms when interpreting the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The ECtHR employs this interpretative principle in a fashion that is distinct from other seminal interpretative principles, namely the so-called comparative interpretation, the dynamic interpretation and the principle of effectiveness. Furthermore, this thesis provides in depth analysis of the ECtHR’s legal reasoning. It reaches conclusions on the type of public international law norms that the ECtHR takes into account and the conditions a norm must satisfy to qualify as ‘relevant’ and ‘applicable in the relations between the parties’. This thesis also provides an overall assessment of the different uses of public international law norms in the ECtHR’s reasoning, when expanding or restricting the scope of the rights and freedoms of the ECHR. It stresses the importance of the ECtHR’s practice of relying upon public international law norms in order to (re-)interpret the ECHR and overrule its previous case-law. Finally, this thesis explores the boundaries that should be set to restrict the impact of other relevant public international law norms on the construction of the ECHR. The study concludes that, in principle, the ECtHR does not threaten the unity of international law, but reads the ECHR harmoniously to public international law. The findings of this thesis also furnish evidence that the ECtHR has competence to pronounce on questions relating to international law and that, on certain occasions, it develops and enriches the scope and content of international law.
10
Ellis, Joseph Michael. "Flat Tax Revolution?: Policy Change and Policy Diffusion in Eastern Europe." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/94739.
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Political Science<br>Ph.D.<br>Why have Eastern European states adopted flat tax policies? That is what this dissertation answers. This is a curious development given that flat tax policies were noticeably absent from the landscape of most of the world, including Eastern Europe. Fives cases of adoption are examined, including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. I argue that two simultaneous processes occur in Eastern Europe that makes adoption viable. First, at the domestic level, the idea of the flat tax is held in esteem by a number of actors, specifically: elite carriers, tax and financial ministers, think tanks and right-wing political parties. They champion this idea to its adoption, or at the least, introduce the flat tax into the policy-making apparatus. Second, at the international level, policy diffusion of the flat tax is taking place. In other words, the experience of previous adopters impacts the decisions of future adopters. Examining both cognitive heuristics theory and rational learning I argue that there are "varieties of diffusion" during the diffusion of the flat tax. Additionally, though this dissertation concerns itself primarily with adoption, I also investigate two cases of non-adoption in Poland and Hungary. What is argued is "diffusion without adoption" occurs. The idea of the flat tax diffused, but the adoption was not politically, ideologically, and economically feasible.<br>Temple University--Theses
11
Shadley, Anna Bardes. "The Third Gate: Naturalization Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1206123091.
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Farina, Martina <1994>. "Compliance with European Union Law in Central and Eastern Europe: the case of Bulgaria and Romania." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21383.
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Nel 2004, dieci stati si sono uniti all'Unione Europea: 7 facevano parte dell'ex blocco orientale, una era una ex repubblica della Jugoslavia e due sono isole nel Mar Mediterraneo. In generale, quando si parla di allargamento ad est si include anche la Romania e la Bulgaria, entrate nell'Unione successivamente, nel 2007, in quanto non furono in grado di rispettare i criteri prestabiliti dalla Commissione (Criteri di Copenhagen). In particolare, questi ultimi due stati suscitarono forti critiche e preoccupazioni riguardo la loro capacità di rispettare i principi di adesione, in quanto ancora non sufficientemente preparati e qualificati per la membership.
All'inizio delle negoziazioni, tutti gli stati dell'allargamento ad Est del 2004-07 stavano affrontando delle profonde trasformazioni sociali, politiche ed economiche. Romania e Bulgaria, tuttavia, rimangono due stati controversi, in quanto entrambe stentarono ad applicare e trasporre le regolamentazioni dell'Unione.
Nel primo capitolo di questa tesi vengono date una serie di definizioni che saranno necessarie per una comprensione più dettagliata dell'argomento in quesitone. In particolare due concetti, la condizionalità e la compliance, strettamente connessi in quando la condizionalità è uno strumento fondamentale per stimolare i paesi membri a rispettare le regolamentazioni dell'Unione. Nei due capitoli successivi si procederà con un'analisi dei due stati più contrastati, Romania e Bulgaria, attraverso la consultazione del CVM report.
13
Slavov, Atanas. "Towards participatory political theology : democratic consolidation in Southeastern Europe and the role of Eastern Christianity in the process." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7337/.
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This thesis defends the position that the Eastern Orthodoxy has the potential to develop, on the basis of its core concepts and doctrines, a new political theology that is participatory, personalist and universalist. This participatory political theology, as I name it, endorses modern democracy and the values of civic engagement. It enhances the process of democracy-building and consolidation in the SEE countries through cultivating the ethos of participation and concern with the common good among and the recognition of the dignity and freedom of the person. This political-theological model is developed while analyzing critically the traditional models of church-state relations (the symphonia model corresponding to the medieval empire and the Christian nation model corresponding to the nation-state) as being instrumentalized to serve the political goals of non-democratic regimes. The participatory political-theological model is seen as corresponding to the conditions of the constitutional democratic state. The research is justified by the fact the Eastern Orthodoxy has been a dominant religiouscultural force in the European South East for centuries, thus playing a significant role in the process of creation of the medieval and modern statehood of the SEE countries. The analysis employs comparative constitutional perspectives on democratic transition and consolidation in the SEE region with the theoretical approaches of political theology and Eastern Orthodox theology. The conceptual basis for the political-theological synthesis is found in the concept and doctrines of the Eastern Orthodoxy (theosis and synergy, ecclesia and Eucharist, conciliarity and catholicity, economy and eschatology) which emphasize the participatory, personalist and communal dimensions of the Orthodox faith and practice. The paradigms of revealing the political-theological potential of these concepts are the Eucharistic ecclesiology and the concept of divine-human communion as defining the body of Orthodox theology. The thesis argues that with its ethos of openness and engagement the participatory political theology presupposes political systems that are democratic, inclusive, and participatory, respecting the rights and the dignity of the person. The political theology developed here calls for a transformation and change of democratic systems towards better realization of their personalist and participatory commitments. In the context of the SEE countries the participatory political theology addresses the challenges posed by alternative authoritarian political theologies practiced in neighboring regions.
14
Mogilnaya, Maria. "Deposit protection law reform in Russia : an evaluation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/7104.
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In late 2003 after two financial crises and many years of deliberation, the Russian Government introduced a deposit insurance scheme (DIS) aimed primarily at protecting the savings of the population. The DIS's stated objectives were to protect the right and legal interests of depositors, to strengthen public confidence in the banking system, and to encourage household savings. Recent official assessments of the scheme have been, at best, partial, have tended to use government statistics and have failed to establish a link between the banking sector outputs and the impact of the DIS. This thesis undertakes a detailed evaluation of the Russian DIS based on a comprehensive analysis of vast literature on deposit insurance schemes globally covering rationales for its establishment and its main features, as well as of the relevant Russian legislation and past attempts at evaluating the Russian DIS which were somewhat patchy. Adopting a cross-sectional, mixed methods approach, the study reports on the findings that emerged from a combination of surveys, interviews and observations conducted at six participating Russian banks in spring 2009. These were supplemented by documentary evidence from the banks and the Russian Deposit Insurance Agency. To facilitate the analysis and interpretation of the data, a theoretical framework was devised, and included a set of success criteria and impact indicators. The results of the analysis indicate that the Russian DIS does not appear to have fully achieved its stated objectives. Irrefutably, the Russian Government failed to establish an effective institutional and regulatory environment which could have enforced uniform provision of information about the DIS to retail depositors. This is evidenced by visible differences among bank practices in relation to the implementation of the DIS. Consequently, as a result of these variations in implementation, the retail depositors’ understanding of the DIS and its perceived impact differs depending on which bank they patronise. This research provides a number of original theoretical, empirical, analytical and methodological contributions
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Radunski, Astrid. "Frank Laczko ; lrene Stacher ; Amanda Klekozvski von Koppenfeld (Hrsg.): New Challenges for Migration Policy in Central and Eastern Europe / [rezensiert von] Astrid Radunski." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5571/.
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rezensiertes Werk:
Laczko, Frank ; Stacher, lrene ; von Koppenfeld, Amanda Klekozvski von Koppenfeld (Hrsg.): New Challenges for Migration Policy in Central and Eastern Europe. - The Hague : TMC Asser Press, IOM, ICMPD, 2002, 257 S.
ISBN 90-6704-153-X
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Legnér, Mattias. "Historic rehabilitation of urban spaces in Eastern Europe : plans for the reuse of a public building in Disna, Belarus." Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-828.
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Larsen, Irene. "Public access to information : reaching the right balance between public and private." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78219.
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This thesis examines the change towards a property-based view of information in the fields of copyright, database protection and data privacy. Focus will be placed on the United States and the European Union, as those territories together are responsible for more than half of the world's Internet population. The thesis will attempt to show that a view of information as personal property is not actually benefiting society in general and is dangerous for future progress: economic, scientific and social. The thesis suggests balancing the restrictions on access to information as a whole, meaning viewing the restrictions in copyright, database protection and privacy laws to see how they together affect access to information. It argues that these fields of law should supplement each other in maximizing social welfare through a baseline of public access as opposed to a baseline of monopoly.
18
Rasulov, Akbar. "A legal realist critique of the new international law regime relating to the treatment of minority communities in Eastern and Central Europe : a dialectical theoretical inquiry." Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5838.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is a work written in the genre of the legal realist critique. Its main topic is the development of the new international legal regime relating to the treatment of minority communities in Eastern and Central Europe (ECE) following the end of the Cold War. The general methodological approach on the basis of which it was produced derives primarily from the traditions of American legal realism and the first-wave critical legal studies (CLS). On a more fundamental level, the philosophical sensibility underlying this thesis's inquiry can be described as a combination of a non-Hegelian dialectical theory and historical materialism. The basic analytical project pursued in this thesis consists of two general investigative tasks each of which constitutes its own separate problematic. The first investigative task relates directly to the development of the new international law relating to the treatment of minority communities (ILTMC). Its main line of inquiry focuses primarily on that complex socio-historical transformation which has occurred in the ECE region in the last seventeen years and which has been marked on the plane of international law by the rapid emergence of the new ILTMC project. The second investigative task addressed in these pages relates to a somewhat more abstract subject matter. Its main line of inquiry can be preliminarily summarized in the form of the following question: "How should the general problematic of the new ILTMC project be investigated from the point of view of international law? " The theory of historical materialism practised in this thesis derives essentially from the works of the French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser. Despite the terminological parallels, it differs quite considerably from the similarly-named theories practised by the orthodox Marxist schools from the Second International onwards. In particular, it rejects in every form and guise all versions of Hegelian teleologism, which it considers to be a variation of ontological idealism, and adopts a position of extreme suspicion with regard to vulgar economism. In that context, for the purposes of the present thesis, the term "structural conjuncturalism" should be generally understood as the short name given to the basic analytical method developed in the framework of the historical materialist theory for the purposes of social sciences. Legal realism, in its turn, should be generally understood as the "local" variation of that method adapted for the specific purposes of juridical scholarship.
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Pal, Timea. "Public-private regulatory complementarities in a world of fragmented production : labor regulation in the electronics industry of Eastern Central Europe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84850.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2013.<br>"September 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 262-284).<br>The central argument of my dissertation is that national labor relation institutions where transnational private regulatory efforts are implemented influence the extent and manner of public-private regulatory complementarities. The analytical framework I use to examine the processes of regulatory complementarities is informed by the political economy of gradual change in the comparative institutionalism literature. The labor relation institutions of particular relevance include tripartite and industrial relation institutions, as well as political affiliations between state and workers' organizations, although to a more limited extent. On one hand, these institutions influence the incentives for domestic unions to use transnational private regulatory efforts in strategic manners to promote regulatory improvements. On other hand, they shape the ability of domestic unions and transnational actors to use state regulation as a source of legitimacy for their demands for improvements. I further argue that these favorable conditions are more common in national contexts with market oriented, rather than state-directed and coordinated labor relation institutions. I use the electronics sector from Hungary, Romania and Slovenia during the 2000s as the empirical window to examine divergent pathways of regulatory interactions. The empirical analysis illustrates that while labor relation institutions facilitated the emergence of regulatory complementarities in the market-oriented institutional context of Hungary, these institutions were less favorable to similar developments in the state-directed context of Romania and coordinated institutional setting of Slovenia. Additionally, the implementation style of transnational private regulation set opportunities for two types of regulatory developments: union and compliance driven regulatory complementarities. An additional essential claim of the dissertation is that instead of approaching public-private regulatory complementarities as functional synergies that emerge automatically, to rather understand them as political processes that are closely connected to national institutions. Finally, regulatory complementarities are more likely to emerge around labor concerns that are prevalent and politically salient in a national context.<br>by Timea Pal.<br>Ph.D.
20
Ovseiko, Pavel Victor. "The politics of health care reform in Central and Eastern Europe : the case of the Czech Republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d8f1c4d3-9dda-4a2b-94d1-5afcb0cf5c87.
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This thesis examines the political process of health care reform between 1989 and 1998 in the most advanced sizable political economy in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) – the Czech Republic. Its aim is to explain the political process bringing about post-Communist health policy change and stimulate new debates on welfare state transformation in CEE. The thesis challenges the conventional view that post-Communist health care reform in CEE was designed and implemented to improve the health status of the people, as desired by the people themselves. I suggest that this is a dangerous over-rationalisation, and argue that post-Communist health care reform in the Czech Republic was the by-product of haphazard democratic political struggle between emerging elites for power and economic resources. The thesis employs the analytical narrative method to describe and analyse the actors, institutions, ideas and history behind the health policy change. The analysis is informed by welfare state theory, elite theory, interest group politics theory, the assumptions of methodological individualism and rational choice theory, and Schumpeter’s doctrine of democracy. Its focus is on the interests of health policy actors and how they interacted within an unhinged, but fast-consolidating, institutional framework. The results demonstrate that, while historical legacies and liberal ideas featured prominently in the rhetoric accompanying health policy change, in Realpolitik, these were merely the disposable, instrumental devices of opportunistic, self-interested elites. The resultant explanation of health policy change stresses the primacy of agency over structure and formulates four important mechanisms of health policy change: opportunism, tinkering, enterprise, and elitism. In conclusion, the relevance of major welfare state theories to the given case is assessed and implications for welfare state research in CEE are drawn.
21
Odubena, Samuel Adeyinka. "The idea of the 'Concert' in diplomatic practice between 1878 and 1906." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342727.
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D'Elia, Alberto. "That noir passage between Europe and America : the representation of criminals, law and social order in western cinema." Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/1320/.
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A group of American and European films in the forties and fifties are characterised by a dark atmosphere and morbid fascination with crime and violent death. Normally populated by rootless characters who live as though suspended in an existential limbo, their narratives are pervaded by a sense of loss and displacement. Though these films were made mostly during the world war and its aftermath, they have left a permanent visual and cultural legacy, both in western and global cinema, related as they were to the transitory nature of metropolitan experience. Moreover, by breaking with previous national traditions of public representation of crime and sexual desire, they established cinema as a privileged locus for cultural criticism and debate about some of the moral and psychological consequences of modernity. Taking this as my point of departure, I analyse the relationship between Europe and America through the films’ construction of an intercultural visual dialogue, making the case that this gathers and condenses contradictions and ambivalences in the modern human development project. In particular I focus on two aspects of this dialogue: on the one hand - since almost every country struggles with America’s economic and cultural supremacy - the ambivalent image that America has in twentieth-century European debate about popular culture. On the other hand, I consider the importance of (visual) language in the relationship between enquiry, in films, into historical transformation, and the wider processes of social and cultural change. Finally, I claim that the lesson learned from this analysis should be used in contemporary sociological debate about the renewal of conceptual tools used to investigate the role of crime in our society.
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Szigeti, Thomas Andrew. "Bridge Over Troubled Waters:Hungarian Nationalist Narratives and Public Memory of Francis Joseph." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429889907.
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Gaxie, Louise. "La construction des services publics en Europe : contribution à l’élaboration d’un concept commun." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100175/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Contribuer à l’élaboration d’un concept européen commun de service public implique de dégager, dans une perspective historique, les principales convergences et divergences dans la construction quatre secteurs d'activités (police, éducation obligatoire, distribution d’eau et assainissement, transports collectifs), dans six pays (Allemagne, Angleterre, Belgique, Italie, France, Espagne et Suède). Si chaque pays a ses spécificités historiques et culturelles, ils ont tous été confrontés à des problèmes et enjeux analogues, auxquels ils ont apporté des réponses comparables. De l’étude monographique de la construction sociale des différents services publics étudiés, il est possible de repérer la constitution de mondes d’objets matériels et symboliques, notamment juridiques similaires, ainsi qu’une histoire sociale tendanciellement commune. L’institutionnalisation juridique de services publics accessibles à toutes les catégories de la population a nécessité une intervention publique massive. Dans ce processus, se dégagent des constantes de l’encadrement juridique, quelles que soient les époques et les lieux, tant dans la maîtrise publique de l’établissement des services (décisions préalables d’habilitation, déterminations de conditions de réalisation, concours financier public), que dans leur exploitation (fixations d’obligations envers le public, réglementation des modalités de financement, moyens de surveillance et contrôle). Des variantes apparaissent également qui dépendent davantage des époques que des secteurs d'activité ou des pays. Elles portent essentiellement sur le degré d’intervention publique directe dans la fourniture des services et sur le degré de concurrence effective dans les secteurs de service. Ces différents éléments constituent les composantes d’un concept commun européen, appréhendé dans sa complexité. Les profondes transformations en cours impulsées par l’orientation néolibérale de l’Union européenne posent la question du devenir de ce concept commun<br>The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the elaboration of a common European concept of public service. Adopting an historical perspective, this research tries to identify the main similarities and differences in the processes of construction of four areas of activity - police, compulsory education, water supply and sanitation, and public transports - in seven countries: Belgium, England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. Even though each country has its own historical and cultural specificities, they have all faced analogous problems and issues and they have brought similar responses. Relying on monographic studies of social and historical construction of various public services, we may describe the formation of worlds of very different material and symbolic social "objects", including legal ones, through a relatively similar social history. The legal institutionalization of public services available to everyone has required massive public intervention. Whatever the times, areas, and countries, constants of legal regulation have emerged. They relate to public control of the establishment of services (preliminary empowerment decisions, definitions of conditions of implementation, public financial supports), as well as to their operation (institutions of obligations towards the public, regulation of financing, introduction of monitoring and control means). Variants have also appeared. They are more often linked to historical than national or sectorial contexts. These variants mainly relate to the degree of direct public intervention in the provision of services and to the degree of effective competition in the service sectors. The various constant elements are the core component of a common European concept of public service defined in all its complexity. The deep ongoing transformations driven by European Union's neoliberal orientations raise questions about the future of this concept
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Person, Carl S. "Revitalization of an Historically Black College: A Maryland Eastern Shore Case." Diss., Anne Arbor, Mi. : UUMI Dissertation Services, 1998. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/public/etd-81598-223520/etd-title.html.
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Avafia, Tenu. "Public health related TRIPS flexibilities and South-South co-operation as enablers of treatment access in Eastern and Southern Africa : perspectives from producing and importing countries." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8945.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Eastern and southern Africa, a region that is home to a twentieth of the world’s population, accounts for half the number of people living with HIV globally, including an increasingly drug resistant Tuberculosis epidemic. The high mortality and untold human suffering associated with HIV in the region during the late 1990s and early 2000s has mostly been mitigated by a rapid scale up of national HIV treatment programmes over the past decade, largely made possible by generic competition from Indian pharmaceutical manufacturers. The sustainability of treatment programmes in the region depends on various factors. National HIV treatment programmes are largely financed by multilateral donor mechanisms which are facing a decline in funding for the first time in the history of the AIDS response. Indian pharmaceutical manufacturers are increasingly encountering patent barriers stemming from the country’s implementation of its intellectual property obligations under the World Trade Organisation’s TRIPS Agreement. As eastern and southern African countries increasingly focus on local pharmaceutical production and south-south co-operation as vehicles for treatment sustainability, this thesis examines the extent to which public health related flexibilities present in the TRIPS Agreement can be used to as enablers of affordable treatment, both in domestic intellectual property legislation, and relevant regional platforms. The thesis undertakes case studies of the policy and legislative environment in two countries with very different profiles: The United Republic of Tanzania as a least developed country with a nascent local pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and South Africa, as the country with the largest pharmaceutical industry on the continent present the full range of country profiles in the region. Conclusions are drawn regarding the optimization of legislative and policy frameworks to facilitate both the importation and local production of health technologies. Finally, the thesis explores challenges and opportunities facing various south-south co-operation initiatives in the region.
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Kuhl, Mara. "Gender mainstreaming in Estonia." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3335/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Content:
1 The Development of the Estonian Gender Policy Machinery
1.1 Initiation of Institutionalisation as a Result of International Commitments
1.2 Institutional Measures Facilitating EU Membership
1.3 Assessment of the Gender Equality Machinery
2 Conditions for Gender Mainstreaming in Estonia
2.1 Social Conditions
2.2 Administrative Conditions
3 Gender Mainstreaming Activities in the Estonian Public Administration
3.1 The Legal Foundations
3.2 Inter-ministerial Cooperation
3.3 Gender Mainstreaming Training
3.4 Knowledge Basis
3.5 Lack of Standards for data and Statistics
3.6 Non-adminsitrative Liaisons
4 Conclusion
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Kuhl, Mara. "Umsetzungsbedingungen für eine europäische Gleichstellungsstrategie im post-kommunistischen Kontext : Gender Mainstreaming in Estland." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1515/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist die Umsetzung der europäischen, gleichstellungspolitischen Strategie Gender Mainstreaming (GM) in der Ministerialverwaltung des neuen EU-Mitgliedslands Estland. GM hat die Umsetzung der Gleichstellung von Männern und Frauen zum Ziel und wird als eine Querschnittsaufgabe mit Instrumenten der Verwaltungsmodernisierung (Folgenabschätzung, Wissensmanagement, u.a.) umgesetzt. Wie diese Strategie in der Ministerialverwaltung als ausführendes Organ der Regierung aufgenommen, übersetzt und umgesetzt wird in einem Land, das viele Jahrzehnte dem kommunistischen Gleichheitspostulat unterworfen war und als Staatsneugründung seine nationale Verwaltung erst aufbauen musste, wird in der Arbeit beschrieben und analysiert.
Die Dissertation ist in vier Teile gegliedert: in Teil I wird in den Untersuchungsgegenstand und die Methode der Arbeit eingeführt. Teil II beschreibt die gesellschaftlich-politischen und administrativen Rahmenbedingungen im Fallbeispiel Estland. Teil III widmet sich dem Untersuchungsgegenstand „Umsetzung von GM in der estnischen Ministerialverwaltung“. Der IV. Teil beschließt die Arbeit mit der Analyse der Zusammenhänge zwischen den Rahmenbedingungen und der Umsetzung.
Teil I beginnt mit der Darstellung des Forschungskonzepts, das sich aus Elementen der Verwaltungswissenschaft und der Forschung zu staatlichen Strukturen für Gleichstellungspolitik, einem Zweig der politikwissenschaftlichen Geschlechterforschung, zusammensetzt. Damit wird für die Untersuchung von GM erstmals systematisch die Verwaltungswissenschaft herangezogen. Die Arbeit wird methodisch und theoretisch als explorativ-explanative Single Case Studie verortet, die sich an neo-institutionalistischen Ansätzen orientiert.
Teil II der Arbeit führt in das Fallbeispiel Estland ein: Es werden drei identifizierte Interpretationsmuster dargestellt anhand derer in Estland die Vergangenheit als besetzte Nation und die Gegenwart als demokratischer Staat (re )konstruiert werden und die das estnische, kollektive Selbstverständnis prägen. Anschließend werden die gesellschaftlichen und administrativen Rahmenbedingungen und Einflussfaktoren beschrieben, die für die Umsetzung von Querschnittsreformen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung und für die Umsetzung von Gleichstellungspolitik von Bedeutung sind. Die Forschungsergebnisse in Teil II zeigen über die empirischen Befunde hinaus, dass Estland nicht immer eindeutig in klassische politikwissenschaftliche Kategorien einzuordnen ist. Sowohl die Transitionssituation des Landes als auch die an westlichen Demokratien ausgerichteten Untersuchungskriterien sind für diesen Befund ursächlich.
Teil III der Arbeit widmet sich dem Untersuchungsgegenstand GM. Nach grundlegenden Informationen zu dieser Verwaltungsmodernisierungsstrategie folgt die Darstellung der Umsetzung in der estnischen Ministerialverwaltung. In Teil IV der Dissertation werden die in Teil II beschriebenen Variablen auf die Umsetzung von GM (Teil III) bezogen. Die Analyse erfolgt anhand von Kriterien, die sich aus der Auswertung internationaler GM-Implementierungserfahrungen ergeben.
Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass das post-kommunistisch geprägte, gesellschaftliche Klima besondere Legitimitätsprobleme für eine an Gleichheit orientierte staatliche Politik schafft. Dies kann die schwache zivilgesellschaftliche gleichstellungspolitische Lobby nur sehr begrenzt beeinflussen. Die strukturellen Bedingungen der estnischen Ministerialverwaltung mit ihrer geringen Koordinationsfähigkeit und politischen Steuerbarkeit machen eine effektive Umsetzung von Querschnittsreformen allgemein schwierig.
Als produktiv für die Umsetzung hat sich der hohe Grad der fachlichen Professionalität und Politikversiertheit der kleinen, gleichstellungspolitischen Elite in der Ministerialverwaltung herauskristallisiert. Über Kooperationen mit internationalen Akteuren und estnischen zivilgesellschaftlichen Kräften sowie einzelnen interessierten Personen in der Verwaltung treibt sie die Umsetzung von GM voran. Sie nutzte die EU-Beitrittsverhandlungen um politischen Handlungsdruck für die Verwaltungsmodernisierung durch GM aufzubauen. Nachdem dieser seit dem Beitritt nicht aufrecht erhalten werden kann, zeichnet sich eine neue Umsetzungsstrategie ab. Es wird zukünftig nicht mehr vor allem an den normativen und kognitiven Strukturen in der Verwaltung, also den Einstellungen und Fachkompetenzen des Verwaltungspersonals zu gleichstellungsorientierter Arbeit, angesetzt. Vielmehr sollen neue, gleichstellungsrelevante Wissensbestände durch Expertinnen und Experten und exponierte Persönlichkeiten in die Gesellschaft und die Verwaltung transportiert und damit grundlegende gesellschaftlich-normative Voraussetzungen für die Rezeptivität von GM verbessert werden.<br>The object of research is the implementation of the European equal opportunities policy ‘gender mainstreaming’ (GM), in the ministerial administration of the new European Union member state Estonia. GM is a transversal task that employs the instruments of administration modernisation (impact assessment, knowledge management and others), its aim is equal opportunities for men and women at all levels. This paper describes and analyses how GM strategy is received, interpreted and implemented by the ministerial administration, as executive body of government, in a country that has had to rebuild its national administration following years of subjugation to the communist egality
postulate.
The dissertation is divided into four parts. Part I introduces the research object and methodology. Part II describes the socio-political and administrative framework of the case example Estonia. Part III is devoted to the research object ‘Implementation of GM in the Estonian ministerial administration’. Part IV concludes the paper with an analysis of the correlations between the socio-political parameters and the implementation.
Part I begins with the presentation of the research concept that comprises elements from Public Administration and research on state structures for equal opportunities policy, a field of gender studies in political science. This means that for the first time the science of public administration is being systematically applied to GM research. The research employs explorative/explanative single case study methods and theory in accordance with neo-institutionalism approaches.
Part II introduces the case study Estonia describing three identified interpretation models on the basis of which Estonia is (re)-constructing its past as an occupied nation and the present day as a democratic state, and which characterise Estonian national identity. Finally, an account is given of the social and administrative parameters and the influencing factors significant for the implementation of both transversal reforms in public administration and equal opportunities policies. Research results in part II go beyond the empirical findings and show that Estonia cannot always be conclusively classified within standard political science categories. This is due both to the country’s transitional situation as well as to research criteria that are tailored to Western democracies.
Part III is devoted to the research object GM. Key information on this modernisation strategy is followed by a report on its implementation in the Estonian ministerial administration. In part IV of the dissertation the variables described in part II are related to the implementation of GM (part III). This analysis is carried out on the basis of criteria resultant from the evaluation of international experience of GM implementation.
The research shows that the social climate of the post-communist era generates specific legitimacy problems for a national policy based on equality, upon which the powerless equal opportunities lobby in civil society has only limited influence. The structural conditions in the Estonian ministerial administration, with their limited coordinating ability and political governance, render effective implementation of transversal reforms generally quite difficult.
It has emerged that the small equal opportunities 'elite' in the ministerial administration with their high degree of professionalism and political experience is /the /crucial factor for the GM implementation process. Through cooperation with international players and powers within Estonian civil society, as well as interested individuals in the public administration, they are able to keep implementation of GM going. They used EU-membership negotiations to build political pressure to modernise the public administration with GM. Following EU-membership this could not be sustained and a new implementation strategy is now beginning to emerge. In future, efforts will no longer be concentrated mainly on the normative and cognitive structures in the administration, meaning the attitudes and professional competences of the administrative staff with regard to equal opportunities. Instead, the intention is to transport new corpuses of knowledge relevant to equal opportunities into society as a whole, and public administration in particular, by experts and persons in exposed positions. In this way the elite expects fundamental socio-normative preconditions for receptivity of GM to be influenced for the better.
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Valderas, Ana-Sofia. "Climate change law and litigation in Sweden with scenarios from Europe : Possibilities for members of the public to challenge the state's responsibility for climate change through litigation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384955.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Swedish government is legally obliged to conduct climate policy work that will protect nature and humanity from the harmful effects of climate change. Obligations related to the environment arise under Swedish domestic law, European law and international law. This thesis investigates the possibilities for the Swedish public to initiate climate change litigation against the Swedish government due to insufficient climate actions. I examine three climate change litigation approaches from selected jurisdictions, including Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom. By transposing the three litigation approaches into the Swedish legal order I seek to discuss the possibilities for the public to challenge the Swedish state's responsibility in climate matters. This thesis claims that the possibilities for the concerned public to address climate change are restricted. International obligations derived from the European Convention on Human Rights and the Aarhus Convention have given individuals substantive rights and procedural rights in matters related to the environment. However, the implementation of the international obligations are not always enshrined in the national law.
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Docquir, Pierre-François. "La liberté d'expression dans le réseau mondial de communication: propositions pour une théorie générale du droit d'accès à l'espace public privatisé." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210368.
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Beckfield, Jason. "The consequences of regional political and economic integration for inequality and the welfare state in Western Europe." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3183488.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2005.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-08, Section: A, page: 3111. Adviser: Arthur S. Alderson. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 5, 2006).
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Sandler, Jeanette Louise. "A formative evaluation of the implementation process of the supply chain management policy framework in Eastern Cape Provincial Administration." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003867.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Eastern Cape Provincial Administration has, since the promulgation of the Supply Chain Management Policy Framework in 2003, been challenged with the implementation of the said Policy.Some departments have progressed better than others, but all of the provincial departments have been challenged in one way or another.It was therefore, necessary to research the reasons for the erratic implementation process by the different departments. An analysis, based on answers provided by senior officials of the Eastern Cape Provincial Administration in an interviewing process, was needed to get an understanding of the challenges the departments are faced within the implementation process. In order to provide quality goods and services, this dissertation aims to evaluate the implementation process, provide insight to the challenges that the departments are faced with and offer recommendations on how to remedy these challenges. The lessons learned from this research study will assist the provincial departments to re-engineer their implementation processes and move forward to greater success and embracement of the Supply Chain Management policy Framework.
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Kaczkowska, Beata A. "Attitudes Toward and Effectiveness of the Cause-Related Marketing Initiatives in the Polish Culture." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/131.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study examines attitudes toward and effectiveness of cause-related marketing initiatives in Poland. As the results indicate, the factors, which lead to the popularity and effectiveness of the cause-related marketing initiatives in the United States and the United Kingdom, lack in the Polish culture. Even though CRM is popular in Poland, it does not influence the purchase decisions. Poles do not have any expectations toward businesses in the area of corporate social responsibility. They believe that the government should take the responsibility for solving social issues, and value only the functional dimensions of the products, because their emotional needs are fully satisfied by their families, friends and religion.
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Precup, Mihai. "L'impact de la crise sur l'évolution du capital-investissement en Europe de l'Est." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’objet de cette recherche est d’identifier et analyser les facteurs déterminants de l’évolution du capital-investissement dans l’Europe de l’Est. De plus, notre travail compare les déterminants de LBO, respectivement de l’activité de VC dans les pays d’Europe de l’Est. Le modèle empirique comprend de nombreux déterminants déjà testés dans des études précédentes ainsi que de nouvelles variables telles que la productivité et l’indice de corruption, que nous considérons comme des facteurs importants pour expliquer l’évolution des investissements en capital-investissement en Europe de l’Est. Nos résultats confirment les hypothèses existantes concernant l’importance de certains déterminants sur l’évolution des investissements en capital-investissement en Europe de l’Est. Cependant, dans le contexte de la dernière crise, de nouveaux facteurs sont apparus comme importants pour le marché du capital investissement en Europe, tels que la productivité ou la corruption. La dernière partie de cette recherche montrent que les sociétés de capital-investissement en Europe de l’Est préfèrent les sorties à travers des fusions et acquisitions, suivies des introductions en bourse. De plus, nous validons une relation d'équilibre à long terme entre les investissements en capital-investissement, les introductions en bourse et les fusions et acquisitions. Le test de causalité de Granger montre l'existence d'une causalité unidirectionnelle du nombre de fusions et acquisitions par rapport au volume des investissements en capital-investissement en Europe de l'Est<br>The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the determinants of the evolution of private equity in Eastern Europe. Additionally, this paper compares the determinants of leveraged buyout activity, respectively venture capital activity in Eastern European countries. The empirical model of the first two sections includes many of the determinants already tested in previous studies and also new variables such as productivity and corruption index which we consider important factors in explaining the evolution of private equity investments in Europe. Our results confirm existing hypotheses regarding the importance of some determinants on the evolution of private equity investments in Europe. However, in the context of the last crisis new factors emerged as important for the private equity market in Europe such as productivity or corruption. The last section of this work tests the existence of a causal link between the evolution of private equity and the number of divestments of private equity funds in Eastern Europe during the financial crisis. Our results show that Eastern European private equity firms prefer M&A exits followed by IPOs. Furthermore, we validate a long-term equilibrium relationship between private equity investments, IPO and M&A. The Granger causality test shows the existence of a unidirectional causality of the number of M&A to the volume of private equity investments in Eastern Europe
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Berggren, Theo. "Norm Conflicts in Public International Law : The Relationship Between Obligations Under the ECHR and Under the UN Charter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323239.
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Buonamano, Roberto Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "A genealogy of subjective rights." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31948.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation is an historical and philosophical study on the development of a subjective concept of individual rights. It takes the form of a history of ideas informed by genealogical methods of inquiry. Rather than seeking an origin for and underlying truth to human rights, it treats human rights as a product of various historical developments which are capable of being investigated in terms of their contingency as well as their continuous traditions. The thesis begins with an analysis of political theory in ancient Greek thought, primarily as a means of suggesting possible alternative political philosophies to the rights-based approach dominant in modern Western societies. The thesis then considers the theologicalpolitical discourse on sovereignty in the early Middle Ages, revolving around the doctrine of divine right and influenced by the function of the Christian Church in defining the nature of government. This is followed by an examination of the emergence of hierarchical, feudal relations and the formulation of feudal rights as based on proprietary notions and coinciding with individual liberties. In the following chapter there is a discussion of the juridical construction of sovereign power that emerged from the reception of Roman law and the development of canon law, the influence of legal textuality on the granting of rights and liberties, and the emergence of a discourse on public right as a way of defining the relationship between the prince and his subjects and thus delimiting sovereign authority. Finally, the thesis considers the legacy of the theory of natural rights and its relationship to forms of liberty, with an analysis of: firstly, the idea of natural rights that developed through canon law and the discussions surrounding the Franciscan poverty disputes; secondly, the role of property rights in the formulation of the rights of liberty; thirdly, the Christian understanding of liberty as a subjective attribute or power through the theo-ontological theory of human nature as represented by the free will; and fourthly, the transformation in Renaissance and early modern legal and political theory of the concept of liberty into a political doctrine about individual autonomy and inherent freedom. The purpose of the dissertation is to describe the multiple and complex historical processes from which the idea of subjective rights has emerged, as a means of understanding how human rights have come to play a seemingly essential role in modern legal and political discourses and practices.
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Tragl, Stefanie. "Zwischen Europäisierung und innenpolitischer Auseinandersetzung : der Umbau der Ministerialverwaltung in Estland und Polen." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1590/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Die Dissertation befasst sich mit den Reformprozessen, die sich vom Zeitpunkt des System-umbruchs 1989/90 bis zum EU-Beitritt 2004 in den Ministerialverwaltungen Estlands und Polens vollzogen haben. Die Veränderungen, die während dieser Zeit stattfanden, standen im Spannungsfeld zweier Prozesse: des von innenpolitischen Erfordernissen geprägten Transformationsprozesses und des Europäisierungsprozesses, in dem die EU als einflussreicher externer Akteur hinzutrat. Konzeptionell greift die Untersuchung auf die Diskussionen aus der institutionellen Transformationsforschung und die Debatten um die Europäisierung von Regierungs- und Verwaltungssystemen zurück.
Die Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Veränderungen auf der zentralstaatlichen Ebene und betrachtet diese Veränderungen in ihrer horizontalen und sektoralen Dimension. Die horizontale Dimension umfasst Rahmenbedingungen des Verwaltungssystems insgesamt, dies sind zentrale Strukturen des Regierungsapparates, die regierungsinternen Koordinationsmechanismen und die Etablierung des öffentlichen Dienstes. In der sektoralen Dimension wird die Verwaltung im Politikfeld Landwirtschaft betrachtet.
In beiden Ländern gab es einen gemeinsamen Ausgangspunkt der Entwicklungen, das sozialistische Verwaltungssystem, und einen ähnlichen Zielpunkt der Verwaltungsreformen in den 1990er Jahren: eine wie auch immer definierte „moderne Verwaltung“. Auch die Rahmenbedingungen des EU-Integrationsprozesses in Mittelosteuropa lassen eher Konvergenzen erwarten. Doch spielen nationale politische Konstellationen eine entscheidende Rolle für die Entwicklungen, so dass man bilanzierend sagen kann: Estland und Polen haben mit Beginn der Transformation unterschiedliche nationale Entwicklungspfade eingeschlagen und ihre Verwaltungssysteme unterscheiden sich mittlerweile stärker voneinander als zur Zeit des Sozialismus.<br>The dissertation is concerned with transformation of ministerial administrations in Estonia and Poland between 1989/90 and EU accession in 2004. Two processes, the transformation process largely determined by domestic politics and the Europeanisation process with the EU entering the arena as a powerful external actor, influenced changes during this period. The theoretical background of the study refers to institutionalist approaches in transformation research and debates on Europeanisation of governmental and administrative systems.
The study focuses on developments on central state level, which are analysed in a horizontal and a sectoral dimension. The horizontal dimension covers the framework of the administra-tive system, as there are structures of central state government, coordination mechanisms within government and the establishment of a civil service. In the sectoral dimension administrative structures in agricultural administration are examined.
Both countries share a common point of origin, the socialist administrative system and a simi-lar point of arrival, a “modern” administration, however the latter may be defined. The conditions of the EU integration process also lead to the assumption of convergent developments. But in national political constellations have a decisive impact on developments. As a résumé it can be stated that Estonia and Poland entered different national paths of development from the outset of transformation and administrative systems by now differ in a larger degree than in socialist times.
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Mthathi, Noxolo. "Management of official accommodation in the Department of Roads and Public Works in Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19234.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study investigates management of official accommodation in the Department of Roads and Public Works. Government immovable asset plays an essential role in ser-vice delivery. The official accommodation policies were not implemented as intendant and as a result, the former government employees are illegal occupants in government properties. The implementation of legislation and departmental policy for official ac-commodation are problematic when illegal occupants occupied government immova-ble assets without lease agreement. The present of illegal occupants has a negative impact to officials who qualify to occupy government properties in terms of the depart-mental policy for service delivery purposes. The study proposed to provide literature search using books, legislation, policies, and personal interviews among others. The research methodology employed in this study was described, followed by the legislative framework employed in this study. Some of the findings on a legislative framework for official accommodation in the department of Roads and Public Works in the department of Roads and Public Works include gaps at the implementation of departmental policy on Allocation of Official Housing in rela-tion to the lease of state owned properties. Recommendations as a result of descriptive literature search are presented and how the existing problem of implementation of official accommodation policies can be changed to enhance service delivery and to provide accommodation to officials who qualify to occupy government immovable assets. The recommendations will enable the Department of Roads and Public Works as custodian of immovable assets, to fulfil its Constitutional mandate to provide official accommodation to their officials and cli-ents departments who qualify in terms of the policy for service delivery purposes.
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Perkins, Marianne. "Refugee Resettlement in Germany: An Analysis of Policy Learning and Support Networks." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/617.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The resettlement of refugees and asylum seekers in Germany since reunification in 1990 has been challenged by two peaks in asylum seeker applications in 1992 and again in 2016. From the 1992 peak, which was fueled by asylum seekers fleeing the former Yugoslavia, extensive research has already been conducted over the past thirty years. These studies have demonstrated the actual outcomes of these primarily Yugoslavian asylum seekers and refugees with these findings indicating legal and economic uncertainty having a detrimental effect even years after resettlement. Using Germany as a case study, this analysis aims to survey the available information in the more recent example of asylum seekers arriving in Germany from 2014 onwards primarily from the Syrian Arab Republic, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Ultimately, successful resettlement equates to successful integration measures. The issues of policy legacy and learning as well as elements of the available support network for asylum seekers in housing, Integrationskurse (integration courses), and advice centers are examined to understand how each relates to successful integration and security for asylum seekers. The findings indicate that Germany has achieved successful resettlement and integration of asylum seekers through policy learning from the early 1990s onwards and a strong support network available for those seeking asylum, yet the exclusion of certain groups from integration measures unfairly leaves some behind. A continuous evaluation of these integration measures is necessary to ensure the successful resettlement of refugees and asylum seekers in Germany in anticipated future peaks in asylum seeker applications.
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Mojsiejuk, Aleksander. "The Normative Power of the EU in the Framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy : A Case Study on Ukraine." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19323.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Through the use of political conditionality, the EU has exercised what many have chosen to call an international normative power. The fast democratisation process of the central European countries that joined the EU in 2004 has often been attributed to the force of EU’s normative power. Here, the core of the political conditionality was found in a promised future membership – acting as a reward in exchange for democratic reforms. The new European Neighbourhood Policy however, initiated briefly after the 2004 enlargement, gave rise to new prerequisites to the Unions new neighbours and this time enlargement fatigue prevailed in the EU policy. This case study examines and assesses the ability of the EU to exercise its normative power on Ukraine through the new conditions set up by the European Neighbourhood Policy, were a membership perspective neither is promised nor ruled out. The result show that the effective conditions for the conditionality are favourable and that a good progress on the areas of democracy, rule of law and human rights has been achieved. Although difficult to prove, I argue that this progress most probably is partly due to EU’s normative power on Ukraine.</p>
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Teodossieva, Assia. "Die Niederlassungsfreiheit der Staatsangehörigen und der Unternehmen aus Mittel- und Osteuropa in der Europäischen Union." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16228.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Die Arbeit untersucht aus der Perspektive der Arbeitsmigration die Niederlassungsrechte der Staatsangehörigen und der Unternehmen aus Mittel- und Osteuropa in der Europäischen Union im Zeitraum 1990-2009. Erörtert werden das relevante EU-Recht und die entsprechenden nationalen Regelungen am Beispiel Deutschland und Bulgarien. Behandelt werden u.a. unterschiedliche Fallkonstellationen, in denen die gewährten Niederlassungsrechte nicht zweckentsprechend genutzt werden. Untersucht werden dabei die rechtlichen Aspekte der unlauteren Nutzung der erwähnten Niederlassungsrechte als eine ungewöhnliche Form der legalen Migration aus Mittel- und Osteuropa. Diese können unter bestimmten Umständen als Mittel eines legalen Zugangs zu sonst gesperrten Arbeitsmärkten der „alten“ EU-Mitgliedstaaten dienen oder als Instrumentarium für eine Aufenthaltsverfestigung in Hinsicht auf die Versuche, durch die Niederlassungsrechte einen vorher unrechtmäßigen Aufenthalt in einem EU-Mitgliedstaat zu legalisieren. Die Untersuchung berücksichtigt die relevante Rechtsprechung im Bereich und verläuft komplex auf drei Ebenen - auf Ebene des internationalen Privatrechts Bulgariens, des EU-Rechts und des deutschen alten und neuen Ausländerrechts.<br>The dissertation examines the right of establishment of nationals and companies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the European Union from the perspective of labour migration. It discusses the relevant EU legislation combining the corresponding German and Bulgarian national regulations over the period 1990-2009. The dissertation presents inter alia different constellations, in which the right of establishment is not used according to the spirit and purpose of the law. It analyzes the legal aspects of such unfair practices as a nontypical form of legal migration from Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union. In the years preceding the EU accession 2004/2007 and in the transitional periods after that the labour markets of the “old” EU Member States were subject of restrictive regulations. That fact provoked the CEE nationals under certain circumstances to use the right of establishment improperly - as an instrument for a legal access to the aforementioned labour markets, as a tool for acquiring a permanent residence status in the host country or even as an attempt to legalize an illegal residence. The study takes into account the relevant EU and German case law and runs complex on three levels - on the level of EU law and on the level of the corresponding Bulgarian and German law.
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Kugeler, Heidrun. "'Le parfait Ambassadeur' : the theory and practice of diplomacy in the century following the Peace of Westphalia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:be69b6b3-d886-4cc0-8ae3-884da096e267.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis examines the theory of diplomacy in the formative phase of the European states-system. From the viewpoint of the discourse on the 'ideal ambassador', it explores early modern diplomacy as cultural history encompassing ideas, discourses, perceptions and 'codes'. The scope of study is the century following the Peace of Westphalia (1648), and three states and regions (France, Britain, the Holy Roman Empire) serve as case studies for a comparative approach of diplomatic theory and practice. In five parts, the adaptation of the theory and practice of diplomacy to the new demands of international relations after 1648 are considered. The first section sets the stage by illustrating that the mid-seventeenth century was regarded as a turning point in the practice of diplomacy. Part II examines diplomatic theory as a particular 'language' in its intellectual and socio-professional contexts. While published treatises on the 'ideal ambassador' build the core of this study, related genres of international law theory, ceremonial theory and political and state science are also taken into account. From the viewpoint of this diplomatic theory, the following section examines the ways in which the instruments and practices of diplomacy were aligned to the new framework. These ranged from changes in the structural framework of diplomacy to the evolution of norms and procedures of negotiation, international law and ceremonial. Part IV reconsiders the issue of 'professionalism' in diplomatic theory with regard to the preparation and training of diplomats. Special attention is given to proposals for diplomatic 'academies', which are for the first time examined in comparison. Finally, section V recasts the findings of this thesis in a comparative perspective. It underlines that, with the emergence of a states-system, the techniques of diplomacy became formalised and uniform, constituting a common European diplomatic practice. Against the background of the different regional and structural conditions, the alleged model role of France in the evolution of diplomatic theory and practice is re-evaluated.
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Kuokstyte, Ringaile. "Engagement par émulation des pays baltes en matière d’aide : une mise en perspective par rapport aux pays de Visegrád et l’étude de cas lituanienne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010289.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La thèse a pour objectif principal de contribuer à l’étude des déterminants de l’engagement des pays donateurs en matière de développement. En constatant une progression universaliste dans la recherche de tels déterminants, qui consiste à identifier des variables indépendantes communes pour l’ensemble des bailleurs de fonds, la thèse est partie pour défier cette recherche tout en l’enrichissant. Le défi renvoie à l’étude de cas spécifique de l’engagement balte en faveur de l’aide. Il s’agit d’un défi pluriel, empirique comme méthodologique. Sur le plan empirique, c’est un contexte historique particulier des pays baltes, celui de l’adhésion à l’UE et l’obligation de contribuer aux efforts de la communauté des bailleurs de fonds européens, qui est à noter. De repères méthodologiques font défaut en raison du manque de données et de recherche systématique sur le sujet. La thèse propose de neutraliser les biais qui peuvent en résulter en mettant l’engagement balte en perspective par rapport aux pays de Visegrád, disposant de l’expérience en matière d’aide étrangère de l’époque d’avant 1989. En dépit du manque d’une expérience propre, le trio balte affichent des efforts en faveur des populations plus démunies à la hauteur des pays de Visegrád. L’engagement en ressort comme une réalité sociopolitique complexe, dépassant le registre incrémental et la contrainte de l’UE. Il s’affirme à l’échelle européenne comme un processus d’émulation intergouvernementale. Un ancrage social de ce processus relève pourtant moins d’une croyance absolue en ce qui est adéquat que d’un effort raisonné de ne pas se distinguer parmi ses pairs<br>The dissertation aims to contribute to the research on determinants of the commitment of donor countries in the area of development aid. Given the progress of a universalist approach towards studying these determining factors (an approach aiming to identify common independent variables for the donor community as a whole), the dissertation takes the position of challenging the current research while, at the same time, enriching it. The main challenge, empirical as well as methodological, lies within the choice of a specific case study, which is the commitment of the Baltic states. Empirically, the specificity of the Baltic countries relates to their historical context, that is, their accession to the EU and their obligation to contribute to the efforts of the European donor community. Yet another specificity relates to the lack of relevant data and systematic research on the subject. Considering the biases which may result from this state of play concerning the Baltic countries, the dissertation frames their commitment in a comparative perspective with regard to the Visegrad Four, which possess relevant experience from the pre-1989 period. Despite the lack of their own national experience, the Baltic states deploy efforts akin to those of the Visegrad countries. Hence, their commitment reveals itself as a complex sociopolitical reality, determined by factors other than incrementalism or the EU’s pressure. The commitment appears as a process of intergovernmental emulation. A social nature of this process is however less linked to an unconditional belief in what is considered to be appropriate than to a reasoned effort not to stand out among one’s peers
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Jonsson, Anna. "Judicial Review and Individual Legal Activism : The Case of Russia in Theoretical Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Faculty of Law & Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5811.
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Sporch, Da Costa Igor. "La fonction sociale de la propriété publique urbaine et les nouvelles conceptions de l'intérêt public : à la recherche d'une gestion des biens publics urbains adéquate au droit à la ville." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D092.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La recherche analysé l'actuel fondement juridique de la propriété publique urbaine au Brésil et ses impacts sur la gestion des biens publics urbains. Pour réussir, nous avons adopté la méthode déductive-interprétative, étayée par des recherches bibliographiques et législatives de sources brésiliennes et des États de l'Europe latine occidentale - Portugal, Espagne, Italie et France. Cela indique que la recherche en droit comparé était l'une des principales procédures méthodologiques employées. Ces éléments ont permis de construire un schéma conceptuel et interprétatif. À travers ce schéma, nous avons défini les contenus sémantiques et normatifs des catégories "intérêt public", "droit à la ville", "fonction sociale" et "fonction sociale de la propriété publique urbaine" et nous avons démontré les relations entre ces catégories. Ainsi, les nouvelles théorisations sur l'intérêt public l'ont identifié à la réalisation des droits fondamentaux, ce qui permet de reconnaître la propriété publique urbaine en tant que fonction sociale urbanistique. En fin de compte, cette espèce propriétaire est justifiée par la participation des biens publics à la réalisation du droit à la ville, ce qui indique les impacts de la fonction sociale de la propriété publique urbaine. Elle conforme les prérogatives des propriétaires publics, des non-propriétaires et des bénéficiaires de titre d'usage privatif des biens publics urbains. Elle détermine l'exercice de ces prérogatives, les possibilités d'affectation de ces biens et justifie le démocratisation de la prise de décision concernant leur destination. Ainsi, nous pouvons affirmer que les résultats obtenus dans cette recherche fournissent des éléments permettant de reconstituer la théorie des biens publics urbains / propriété publique urbaine et d'établir des paramètres pour l'adéquate gestion de ces biens<br>The research analyzed the current legal basis of urban public property in Brazil and its impacts on the management of urban public goods. In order to be successful, the deductive-interprative method was adopted, which was supported by bibliographical and legislative research in Brazilian sources and in the western Latin European states - Portugal, Spain, Italy and France. This indicates that the research in comparative law was one of the main methods employed. These elements allowed to construct a conceptual and exegetical scheme. Through it the semantic and normative contents of the categories "public interest", "right to the city", "social function" and "social function of urban public property" were defined and the interrelations between, them were demonstrated. Thus, the new theorizing about the public interest identifies it to the realization of fundamental rights, which allows to recognize urban publicproperty as a social function. After all, this proprietary species is justified by the participation of public goods in the realization of the right to the city, which indicates the impacts of the social function of urban public property. It complies with the prerogatives of public owners, non-owners and beneficiaries of little of private use of urban public goods. It determines the exercise of these prerogatives, the possibilities of affectation of these goods and justifies the democratization of the decision-making process about their destiny. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the results obtained with the research provide elements that allow to reconstruct the theory of urban public goods / urban public property and to establish paramaters for the proper management of these goods
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Colavitti, Romélien. "Le statut des collectivités infra-étatiques européennes : entre organe et sujet." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'ordre juridique international appréhende une collectivité infra-étatique comme un organe de l'État souverain. Cette logique classique d'assimilation, guidée par une lecture étatiste des rapports internationaux, y conditionne les opérations d'identification d'un engagement en raison d'un acte juridique, d'imputation d'un fait illicite et d'établissement d'une capacité à ester en justice. Dans ce contexte, une collectivité infra-étatique ne dispose pas d'une personnalité juridique propre, réserve faite du cas particulier des collectivités fédérées. Originellement internationaux, les ordres juridiques de l'Union européenne (U.E.) et du Conseil de l'Europe conservent une part de cet héritage. Toutefois, l'incorporation des collectivités infra-étatiques à cet édifice juridique régional, certes encore dominé par les États, les hisse progressivement au rang d'actrices singulières. L'autonomisation des deux ordres juridiques européens à l'égard de ces mécanismes internationaux classiques et la réalisation du principe d'immédiateté amènent alors à reconsidérer la pertinence d'une assimilation systématique des collectivités infra-étatiques à la figure de l'État et à prendre plus régulièrement en compte leur personnalité juridique distincte, telle que consacrée en droit interne. Cette logique nouvelle de personnification, qui trouve à s'exprimer dans une dimension verticale (i.e. dans les rapports entre les ordres juridiques internes et européens) et horizontale (i.e. dans les rapports entre les ordres juridiques internes des États) reste encore imparfaite<br>The international legal system perceives a sub-state collectivity as a sovereign State's organ. This classical logic of assimilation, led by a statist perception of international relations, conducts the operations of identification of a commitment due to a juridical act, attribution of a wrongful act and acceptance of standing. In this context, a sub-state collectivity is not considered as a juridical person, subject to the particular situation of federated collectivities. Originally international, European Union's (E.U.) and Council of Europe's legal systems retain a measure of this heritage. However, the incorporation of sub-state collectivities in this regional legal system, admittedly still dominated by States, raises them gradually to the rank of singular actresses. The empowerment of both European legal systems from these classical international mechanisms and the realization of the principle of immediacy bring to reconsider the relevance of a systematic assimilation of the sub-state collectivities as insignificant parts of State and take account of their own juridical personality, such as established by domestic law. This new logic of personification, which develops vertical (i.e. relations between European and domestic legal systems) and horizontal dimensions (i.e. relations between domestic legal systems) is still imperfect. When they're not considered as State's organs, sub-state collectivities are sometimes perceived as individuals, who try to satisfy their own interests without any reference to general interest
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Maiga, Sigame. "Les institutions politiques de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3081/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
C’est en 1758 que Rousseau constate qu’il ne peut achever rapidement les Institutions Politiques, et décide d’en séparer le Contrat social et Lettre à d’Alembert sur les spectacles. En 1761, Il finit de travailler sur une partie des textes de l’Abbé de Saint-Pierre qui lui permis d’avoir une approche claire avec les relations internationales. Ce texte dit extrait du projet de paix perpétuelle de l’abbé de Saint-Pierre se veut une solution de sortie de crise politique dans laquelle les États européens s’étaient engouffrés. Les premières notions telles l’idée d’une citoyenneté européenne ou d’une confédération voyaient le jour<br>It is in 1758 that Rousseau finds that he can quickly complete the Political Institutions, and decided to separate the Social Contract and Letter to d'Alembert on the shows. In 1761 he finished work on a part of the texts of the Abbot of St. Peter which allowed him to have a clear approach to international relations. This text says excerpt of perpetual peace project of the Abbot of Saint-Pierre wants a political crisis solution in which European states were engulfed. The first such concepts the ideas of European citizenship or a confederation were emerging
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Zarbakhsh, Hallie Ida. "The Potential of Islamic Finance for Environmental Sustainability and Social Equity in Iran." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461334909.
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Che, Da. "La dimension publique et la télévision en Chine : les exemples de CCTV et de Phénix TV." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996300.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette recherche se déroule en six parties en référence au modèle de l'espace public télévisuel dans les différents contextes historiques chinoise. Dans la première partie, nous analysons le contexte et les conditions essentielles qui ont donné naissance à l'espace public, et qui ont tenté d'interpréter le concept de l'espace public dans le domaine télévisuel. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons les télévisions publiques occidentales qui sont des sources d'inspiration pour la réforme chinoise. Et puis, la troisième partie, nous présentons un panorama de la télévision chinoise. Dans la quatrième partie, nous analysons la chaîne CCTV à partir de 1978, année où la Chine a commencé son évolution économique et son ouverture au monde. Puis, nous présentons Phénix TV, la télévision commerciale unique chinoise, ce qui sans doute influencé profondément la télévision en Chine continentale. En fin, nous mettrons en évidence les limites et les faiblesse de l'espace public, par rapporte rend la vision d'un système démocratique encore plus lointaine.
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Winckelmuller, Florie. "La mutation de la mise en état des affaires pénales à l'épreuve des droits européens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA030/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Au-delà de l’instabilité qui la caractérise, la mise en état des affaires pénales s’illustre par sa métamorphose. A mesure de la multiplication des modes de traitement de la délinquance et de l’enrichissement des possibilités d’investigation en enquête de police, celle qui ne devait être qu’un préalable à l’ouverture d’une information judiciaire s’impose comme le cadre ordinaire dans un système qui n’avait pas été pensé pour elle. En résultent un recul des droits de la défense et du juge auxquels ni une vision d’ensemble de la procédure, ni les dernières réformes, pour une large partie inspirées des droits européens, n’ont pleinement pallié. Mettre les implications de la montée en puissance de l’enquête de police à l’épreuve des droits européens fait ressortir différents motifs d’inquiétude sur la pleine compatibilité du système actuel avec les standards supranationaux. Ils viennent ainsi au soutien d’aménagements promus tant par la doctrine que par des praticiens pour remédier au déséquilibre constaté. Si la mise en conformité du droit interne doit servir de guide aux ajustements préconisés, ces derniers doivent néanmoins être examinés à la lumière de leur simplications sur le système vu dans son ensemble. Le souci de cohérence encouragerait à promouvoir des solutions plus mesurées, combinant à un renforcement relatif des droits durant l’enquête de police, une articulation des cadres procéduraux d’investigation centrée sur le renforcement du contrôle du juge. La perspective de l’intégration d’un Parquet européen, dont la création a été formellement actée le 12 octobre 2017, et qui se caractérise par sa perméabilité avec les ordres juridiques nationaux, rend ces propositions précaires. Les ajustements que son intégration supposera soulèveront à court ou moyen terme, la question d’une recomposition de la mise en état des affaires pénales, favorable à la restauration de son équilibre et de sa cohérence<br>Beyond the inconstancy which defines the pre-trial phase of proceedings, it is characterised by its metamorphosis. Because of the multiplication of ways of dealing with delinquency and the increasing possibilities of police inquiry, the pre-trial phase of proceedings, which should have been just a precondition to the preliminary judicial investigation, turns out to be the common framework, in a system not built for it. It leads to the decline of the rights of defence and of the judge. Neither a global perspective of the procedure nor the last reforms, for the most part inspired by European laws, fully overcame it. Confronting the consequences of police inquiry increasing with European rights, highlights several concerns on the full compatibility of the current system with the supranational standards. They support accommodations, encouraged by the searchers as well as the professionals, to solve observed imbalances. If the compliance of French law must guide the recommended adjustments, they should be reviewed in the light of their impacts on the global system, where inquiry and information still coexist. The will of consistency may encourage to promote more measured solutions, combining a moderate strengthening of the rights during police inquiries to an articulation of the investigation proceedings frameworks, focused on a reinforced control of the judge. The perspective of the integration of an European Public Prosecutor’s Office, which creation was formally acknowledged October 12th 2017, characterised by its openness to other national legal systems, makes these propositions uncertain. At short or medium term, adjustments ensued by its integration will lead to rethink the pre-trial phase of proceedings, to ensure its balance and consistency