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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Public law – Europe, Eastern »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

MAJOR, IVAN. "PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 7, no. 4 (1991): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/7.4.76.

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Liebscher, Christoph. "Application of the New York Convention in Austria and Eastern Europe." Journal of International Arbitration 25, Issue 6 (2008): 771–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2008061.

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This article deals with the interpretation of Article V of the New York Convention in Central and Eastern Europe. Although in many countries in Eastern Europe there is a scarcity of decisions based on the New York Convention, research in the following countries showed decisions based on an interpretation of Article V: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine. A brief synopsis of the relevant decisions is provided. The most prevalent topic appearing in many decisions was public policy. The article contains a brief analysis of the approach adop

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Maslov, Kirill V. "Axiological approach in financial law (review of the conference "Axiology in the financial law of Central and Eastern Europe", Grodno, September 19-20, 2019)." Law Enforcement Review 3, no. 4 (2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2019.3(4).114-119.

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The report on the speeches of the participants of the scientific conference "Axiology in the financial law of Central and Eastern Europe" is presented in the article. The conference was organized by Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno and Center for Public Finance of Central and Eastern Europe and took place in Grodno on September, 19-20, 2019. The most relevant topics were: the essence of legal values, constitutional basis of financial law, axiological approach to budgetary system, fiscal federalism, taxation of cross-border trans-actions, tax security.

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DeLue, Steven M. "The Enlightenment, Public Memory, Liberalism, and the Post-Communist World." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 20, no. 3 (2006): 395–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325405275985.

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This article discusses the central role of public memory of radical injustice—or the systematic denial by a regime of the principle of equal respect for persons under the rule of law—in creating and preserving a liberal democratic regime. My contention is that, in the aftermath of the Enlightenment, efforts to deny equal respect in a systematic way to entire groups of people must be remembered by a society—indeed, there is a moral obligation to do so. And when these events are remembered, the basis for establishing and maintaining the rule of law in society on behalf of civic equality is more

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Черникова, Е. В., Е. Ю. Киреева та Л. Я. Абрамчик. "Аксиология в финансовом праве государств Центральной и Восточной Европы (обзор XVIII Международной научно-практической конференции Центра информации и организации исследований публичных финансов и налогового права стран Центральной и Восточной Европы)." СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ПРАВО, № 10 (26 жовтня 2019): 115–21. https://doi.org/10.25799/ni.2019.37.41.026.

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Представлен обзор XVIII Международной научнопрактической конференции Центра информации и организации исследований публичных финансов и налогового права стран Центральной и Восточной Европы Аксиология в финансовом праве государств Центральной и Восточной Европы , состоявшейся 1920 сентября 2019 г. в Гродно (Республика Беларусь). Позиции ученых, известных специалистов в сфере финансовоправового регулирования и публичных финансов дают представление о современном развитии финансового права и аксиологических аспектах, с ним связанных. Отчетливо показана взаимосвязь финансового права и теории управл

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Leyenberger, Stéphane. "Les enjeux de la codification dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale : la coopération du Conseil de l’Europe." Revue française d'administration publique 82, no. 1 (1997): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1997.3112.

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The Implications of Codification in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe : Co-operating with the Council of Europe. Conscious of the importance of codification as an instrument to be used in the construction of the rule of law, the Council of Europe is co-operating with central and eastern European states with the aim of using this technique in the reform of their legal systems. Yet, whatever the stage reached in the process of codification in the countries of central and eastern Europe, a series of common problems are to be encountered which are linked in particular to the many actors

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Grødeland, Åse B. "Perceptions of civil rights, security and the “war on terror”: East and West compared." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 48, no. 4 (2015): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.10.003.

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This article explores the tension between civil rights and security by examining the perceptions of the general public and elites in Eastern and Western Europe on (i) the terrorist threat; (ii) external pressure to stay within or step outside the law when combatting terrorism; and (iii) how best to combat terrorism. Large scale qualitative and quantitative data collected in Western and Eastern Europe before the terrorist act in Norway in 2011 and the Russian intervention in Ukraine and subsequent annexation of the Crimea in 2014 suggest that at the time terrorism was perceived as a greater thr

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Mojić, Dušan, and Jelena Jovančević. "Explaining Unsuccessful Public Administration Reforms in Postsocialist Serbia: The Neoinstitutional Perspective." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 18, no. 2 (2020): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/18.2.293-310(2020).

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Public administration reforms in transition countries of Eastern Europe have gained considerable attention from researchers and practitioners in the recent decades. The main reason for this interest has been the fact that public administration transformation is closely related to the overall process of transition from planned economy and socialism to market economy and capitalism. Public administration has been considered one of the key institutional aspects in modern economies and societies, including the former socialist states of Eastern Europe. According to the neoinstitutional theoretical

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Ágh, Attila. "The Transition to Democracy in Central Europe: A Comparative View." Journal of Public Policy 11, no. 2 (1991): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00006176.

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ABSTRACTThe collapse of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe has also caused the collapse of old-fashioned studies of Communist systems that subscribed to a simple notion of totalitarian uniformity, or a static belief in the continuance of self-equilibrating cycles within socialist states. To understand what is happening in Central and Eastern Europe today we need to be discriminating in a choice of paradigms. European conceptions of democracy as having a socio-economic as well as political dimension are more relevant than formalist American definitions. Moreover, Europe, in the form of the Eur

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Kovalchuk, Vitalii, and Iryna Sofinska. "Parliamentary Opposition and Democratic Transformation Issues – Central and Eastern Europe in Focus." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 31, no. 5 (2022): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2022.31.5.219-231.

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Radvan, Michal. "Tax Law as an Independent Branch of Law in Central and Eastern European Countries." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 12, no. 4 (2014): 813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/12.4.813-827(2014).

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Tax law science has a longstanding tradition in the USA and Western Europe and is sufficiently advanced that the question is hardly even posed whether tax law can be considered an independent branch of law. In contrast, Central and Eastern European legal science has only recently admitted the independent existence of financial law. Financial law, however, is a very broad area of law covering public finance, the financial sector (banking, insurance, capital markets), currency and foreign exchange, accounting, etc. In the next phase of development of financial law it will be necessary to react t

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Ploszka, Adam. "Shrinking Space for Civil Society: A Case Study of Poland." European Public Law 26, Issue 4 (2020): 941–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2020072.

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This article discusses the phenomenon of shrinking space for civil society organizations in Poland, a Member States of the European Union and Council of Europe. It describes the tools used by Polish public authorities to restrict the operational capacity of civil society and compares these tools with the applicable constitutional and human rights standards. The article’s summary presents recommendations concerning the methods of addressing this phenomenon in Poland, which are capable of being applied in a broader context of other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. human rights, ECHR, shr

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Bobek, Michal, and David Kosař. "Global Solutions, Local Damages: A Critical Study in Judicial Councils in Central and Eastern Europe." German Law Journal 15, no. 7 (2014): 1257–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200019362.

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Judicial independence appears on most laundry lists of all bodies or institutions engaged with the rule of law. It is considered an unqualified public good. As a result, all major players engaged in legal reform and building a rule of law have diverted significant resources to this issue. For instance, the United Nations created the office of Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers in 1994. The World Bank has been investing heavily in judicial reforms in Latin America and Asia. In Europe, the Council of Europe has been pushing for judicial independence and judicial reform

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Kovač, Polonca. "Contemporary Challenges of Access to Information in Public Governance in South Eastern Europe." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 13, no. 2 (2015): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/13.2.185-204(2015).

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Access or right to information (RTI) is a fundamental principle in a democratic society. Most countries, particularly in the EU, regulate such institution by law, making a distinction between access to file within administrative procedures and access to public information. The article provides a normative and comparative study of the RTI regulation in Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia as South Eastern European countries. The dilemmas arising in the practical implementation thereof are analyzed as well. In the respective area, the degree of awareness of the need for open and good administration gove

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Madryha, Tetiana, Oleksandr Kornievskyy, Yevgen Pereguda, Irina Bodrova, and Stepan Svorak. "Transformation of civil society in the context of political radicalism in eastern Europe." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 74 (2022): 268–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.14.

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The aim of the article was to identify the current state of the process of civil society transformation in the context of political radicalism in Eastern Europe. Comparative law and statistical analysis were the main methodological tools. The research showed that the development of political radicalism in Eastern Europe leads to the transformation of civil society. A more persistent and contentious public makes new demands on the political process. It also creates multidimensional tensions and conflicts. Representatives of radicalism gain strong positions in the political environment of societ

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Medushevskiy, Andrey. "Global Constitutionalism and Legal Fragmentation: The Populist Backslide in Central and Eastern Europe." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, no. 4 (2021): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.393-440.

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<p>Globalisation has provoked a deep transformation in international law, political affairs and governance with contradictory consequences. It has stimulated the cosmopolitan project of global constitutionalism, transnational integration and the unification of democratic standards. However, it also resulted in the fragmentation of international affairs, the deterioration of constitutional democracy and a feeling of a growing shortage in democracy on national and international levels of governance. Trying to balance the impact of these two opposing trends, the author analyses the positive

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Banaszak, Boguslaw, and Michal Bernaczyk. "Open Government in Poland: The Current Situation and Its Perspectives." European Public Law 17, Issue 2 (2011): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2011019.

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Article presents the evolution of the concept of open government in Poland and implementation of new technologies in law-making processes. The emergence of civic society in Middle and Eastern Europe has brought along a profound interest in the concept of 'open government'. The Polish concept of civic participation in law-making process is based on an electronic access to information held by the government. The Polish law imposes on public entities a duty of creating their own electronic mandatory data bases as a part of national system of public information. This technology has been most disti

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Kovac, Polonca. "Potentials of Administrative Procedures as a Participatory Tool within Governance Models in Central and Eastern Europe." Danube 9, no. 4 (2018): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2018-0014.

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Abstract Good public governance requires participative networking to tackle the worst societal problems. Redefined administrative procedure as an instrument that should ensure efficient public policies is one of the key approaches in this respect. The objective of this article is to show, based on qualitative research methods, that in modern public administration, procedure is attributed a much different role than under the traditional Rechtsstaat doctrine. It has been evolving towards becoming a dialogue tool for the state and the citizens, increasingly recognised in Neo-Weberian and good gov

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Letnar Černič, Jernej, and Polonca Kovač. "Responding to the Conflict of Interest Risks in Central and Eastern Europe: Case of Slovenia." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 22, no. 4 (2022): 575–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.4.7.

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Prohibition of conflict of interest prevents abuses of the rule of law in modern constitutional democracies. As a result, is ensures that persons working in state institutions do not use their posts and functions for private gain. The experience from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) illustrates that state authorities have in the past faced challenges in how to internalise the prohibition of conflict of interest. Literature from CEE on the prohibition of conflict of interest has been scarse. Consequently, this paper aims to address this gap by examining the experience of the Slovenian state in

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Holzmann, Robert. "Starting Over in Pensions: The Challenges Facing Central and Eastern Europe1." Journal of Public Policy 17, no. 2 (1997): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00003548.

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ABSTRACTAll countries in Central and Eastern Europe require rapid and drastic restructuring of their public pension schemes for macro- and microeconomic reasons. While initial considerations were geared towards streamlining the unfunded scheme, reducing many distortions and making it financially sound, some transition economies initiated reform plans for a move from unfunded to funded retirement income provision. The paper reviews the need for reform and surveys the discussion and current plans before addressing three central open questions: How to structure the first and unfunded tier? How to

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Chiva, Cristina. "Ethnic Minority Rights in Central and Eastern Europe: The Case of the Hungarian ‘Status Law’." Government and Opposition 41, no. 3 (2006): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00181.x.

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AbstractThe international controversy concerning the Hungarian ‘status law’ of 2001 attests to the vital importance of ethnic minority rights in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as within an enlarged European Union. The paper examines the unique challenges raised by the law from its initial adoption in June 2001 to its subsequent amendment in June 2003. It looks at the interaction between four principal kinds of actors: Hungary (a kin state legislating support for ethnic co- nationals in neighbouring countries), Romania and Slovakia (home states to sizeable Hungarian ethnic groups), the Hun

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Kovač, Polonca. "Traditional and European Oriented Principles in the Codification of Administrative Procedures in Central Eastern Europe." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 22, no. 1 (2022): 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.1.6.

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The demanding and changing societal environment brings the necessity of public administration reforms in various aspects. This is even more emphasised in Central Eastern Europe (CEE), which can be attributed to the still ongoing transition. Administrative procedures and their codification change over time, which also applies to the basic principles related thereto. The article presents the development of such principles in national APAs of Slovenia (from 1999), Czech Republic (2004), Croatia (2009), and Hungary (2016), in line with EU development guidelines, particularly Art. 41 of the EU Char

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Kovač, Polonca. "Innovative Administrative Procedure Law: Mission Impossible ?" NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 10, no. 2 (2017): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nispa-2017-0013.

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Abstract Law and innovation are oft en seen as antagonistic notions, particularly in administrative (authoritative) relations. Th is paper addresses this issue based on the regulation of administrative procedures, since they represent core public-administration activities in contemporary society. Hence, they need to be codified and implemented, both on the EU and national levels, in a more flexible and party-oriented way, even though still preserving legal certainty. The author argues that Europeanisation contributes to innovation in administrative procedure law, with institutions such as alte

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Clark, T. N. "Local Democracy and Innovation in Eastern Europe." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 2 (1993): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110171.

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In this paper, the transition to democracy by Eastern European local governments is outlined. First, the 1990 elections are analyzed, the first democratic elections in half a century. Strategies of candidates and parties to gain power, and pressures toward privatization and economic development are discussed, drawing on fieldwork by Eastern European teams in the Local Democracy and Innovation Project. To clarify future directions of these new democracies, eight options are discussed—reliance on the traditional Soviet model, unions, clientelism, ethnic or regional identification, the church, th

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Engelbrekt, Kjell. "EU Enlargement and the Emboldening of Institutional Integrity in Central and Eastern Europe: The ‘Tough Test’ of Public Procurement." European Law Journal 17, no. 2 (2011): 230–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2010.00546.x.

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Yu, Hui-Fun, Kuo-Yan Wang, and Chun-Ying Shen. "Customer-Oriented Public Service in Township Administration: Enabling Quick Response." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 8, no. 4 (2010): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/8.4.343-351(2010).

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The quality reliability and maintenance of a street lighting system are highly related to society, which reflect the administrative performance of a local government. However, the existing published studies seldom discuss the specific civil customer-oriented street lighting system, which is the key factor of both the local administration performance indicators and resident’s satisfaction. This study proposes a management conclusion based on an empirical electronic street lighting system (ESLS) and the 280 resident questionnaire surveys in Taiwan. The implication of the existing perspective on

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Rupp, Kalman. "Democracy, Market and Social Safety Nets: Implications for Postcommunist Eastern Europe." Journal of Public Policy 12, no. 1 (1992): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004992.

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ABSTRACTPast discussions of market versus planned economies in terms of the efficiency/equity tradeoff missed the adverse equity implications of totalitarian political systems and the importance of pluralistic political decisionmaking structures. The paper demonstrates the role of the paternalistic party–state in creating nonmarket inequities, limiting the articulation of political preferences concerning social safety nets, and restricting nonstate sources of welfare. The transition to pluralistic market economies implies potential improvements both in equity and efficiency. The distinct probl

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Rose-Ackerman, Susan. "From Elections to Democracy in Central Europe: Public Participation and the Role of Civil Society." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 21, no. 1 (2007): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325406297132.

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The new European Union member states in Eastern Europe do not have fully consolidated democracies. True, popularly elected legislatures are responsible for lawmaking, and citizens can challenge the case-by-case implementation of the law. But most statutes are not self-implementing. Before they can be put into effect, governments need to issue general regulations and guidelines that add specificity to the statutory scheme. At present, this type of government policy making often is not democratically accountable. Procedures inside government lack transparency and accountability, and organized ci

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Sadowski, Mirosław Michał. "Reimagining Spaces in Central and Eastern Europe or Memory Roulette: Legal, Political and Social Aspects." Review of Central and East European Law 49, no. 2-4 (2024): 217–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-bja10103.

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Abstract If one was to look for a single word to describe the historical experiences of Central and Eastern Europe (cee), roulette comes immediately to mind. Be that the fall of great empires of the region following World War i (wwi), the tragedy of World War ii (wwii), the Iron Curtain separating cee from the rest of the world, the fall of communism, the more recent illiberal ‘reckoning’ or the Russo-Ukrainian war, the region’s history is characterised by unpredictibility. Importantly, these moments of ground-breaking change affect not only the political sphere – although the regime shifts an

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Sever, Tina, Iztok Rakar, and Polonca Kovač. "Protecting Human Rights Through Fundamental Principles of Administrative Procedures in Eastern Europe." DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 5, no. 4 (2015): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2014-0014.

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Abstract Administrative procedures (APs) are tools to protect fundamental human rights in statecitizen relations. As the modernization of public administration regulation is undergoing a transformation in the direction of reducing detailed rules on APs and, by the same token, emphasizing fundamental or general principles, research on the development and the state of the art of administrative principles in the general administrative procedure acts (APAs) of selected Eastern Europe countries with a common heritage of Austrian law dating back to 1925 (Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and the Czech Re

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Krkač, Kristijan. "Public Prayer and the New Political Misuse of Religion within Western Christianity in Central Europe." Obnovljeni život 79, no. 3 (2024): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31337/oz.79.3.1.

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The following text conducts a conceptual analysis of new misuses of religion for political purposes within Western Christianity in Central Europe. The primary objective is to present a conceptual understanding and analysis of this phenomenon, considering both quantitative and qualitative research already conducted. The analysis reveals a paradox wherein the misuse is deemed both unsuccessful and successful. The paradox unfolds as unsuccessful predominantly among the majority of Christians in Europe, especially when compared to its successful counterparts in Orthodox Christianity (e.g., in Russ

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Suurna, Margit, and Rainer Kattel. "Europeanization of innovation policy in Central and Eastern Europe." Science and Public Policy 37, no. 9 (2010): 646–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/030234210x12778118264459.

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Bird, R. M., and C. Wallich. "Local Finance and Economic Reform in Eastern Europe." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, no. 3 (1994): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120263.

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Extensive decentralization, both political and fiscal, is taking place in many of the countries newly emerging from behind the socialist veil. Decentralization represents both a reaction from below to the previously tight political control from the center and an attempt from above to further the privatization of the economy and to relieve the strained fiscal situation of the central government. Although there are of course many variations in this process from country to country, some important common elements arise from the similar institutional starting point in all countries and the common t

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HALLERBERG, MARK, and SAMI YLÄOUTINEN. "Political Power, Fiscal Institutions and Budgetary Outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe." Journal of Public Policy 30, no. 1 (2010): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x09990213.

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AbstractThis paper considers the effects of fiscal governance in Central and East European countries 1998–2008. The first part makes predictions about which form of fiscal governance fits which form of government. Under multi-party coalition governments, fiscal contracts where governments make political commitments to multi-annual fiscal plans work well. In countries where two political blocks face off against one another, delegation based around a strong finance ministry should be most effective. The second part examines electoral and party systems, which affect the form of government in plac

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Lutz, Colleen A. "Dispatch: A New Weekly Record of the U.S. State Department." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 2 (1991): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203076.

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Dispatch, a new weekly record of the U.S. Department of State, compiles major foreign policy speeches and congressional testimony by senior U.S. officials, as well as treaty actions and ambassadorial appointments.Every week, Dispatch publishes the most current information on U.S. foreign policy. In addition to speeches and congressional testimony, Dispatch carries policy summaries, fact sheets and feature articles, plus updates on events in the Middle East and on public and private sector assistance to Eastern and Central Europe.

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Hiah, Jing. "The client side of everyday corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Romania." European Journal of Criminology 17, no. 6 (2019): 877–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370819830296.

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This article provides an in-depth understanding of the corruption experiences of migrant entrepreneurs in transition economies. Drawing from ethnographic research, including 50 qualitative interviews with Chinese migrant entrepreneurs active in wholesale markets, non-governmental organizations, and supervisory agencies in Romania, this article demonstrates that normalization of corruption by migrant entrepreneurs should be understood in the historical context of the wholesale market as a product of post-1989 transition in Central and Eastern Europe. At a social-interactional level, normalizati

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Kubielas, Stanislaw, and Igor Yegorov. "Strategic alliances and technology transfer in Central and Eastern Europe." Science and Public Policy 27, no. 4 (2000): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154300781781940.

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van Geenhuizen, M., and P. Nijkamp. "Potentials for East — West Integration: The Case of Foreign Direct Investment." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 16, no. 1 (1998): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c160105.

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Reshaping the relationships between Western Europe and the former communist bloc is one of the most intriguing challenges for the coming years. Will Central and Eastern Europe become passive players in the European and world economy, or will companies located there become integrated as fully fledged partners? Foreign direct investment (FDI) is heavily concentrated in a few countries in Central and Eastern Europe. It is argued that the type of FDI is more important than the amount of FDI. There is a need for a critical assessment of the strategies of the investors and the impacts on local entre

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Czubocha, Krzysztof. "LEGALNOŚĆ ŁADU JAŁTAŃSKO-POCZDAMSKIEGO Z PUNKTU WIDZENIA PRAWA MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO PUBLICZNEGO." Zeszyty Prawnicze 11, no. 3 (2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2011.11.3.05.

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THE LEGALITY OF THE YALTA AND POTSDAM LEGAL ORDER FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW Summary The Yalta and Potsdam agreements of 1945 created the so-called “new peaceful order” in Europe. The agreements contained three sorts of provisions. The provisions concerning solely the Great Three were legal. The clauses referring to the WW II aggressors were legal as well. However, the provisions referring to third countries which were not aggressors were null and void. Smaller states were forced to confirm the decisions of the Great Three. The problem is that only an aggressor can be f

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Pickvance, C. G. "Decentralization and Democracy in Eastern Europe: A Sceptical Approach." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 15, no. 2 (1997): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c150129.

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The author focuses on the link between local government decentralization and democracy in Eastern Europe. It is shown that decentralization is a multidimensional concept and that actual local government systems can be positioned differently on each dimension (functions, control, and finance) depending on the implicit model of local government. Formal and substantive definitions of democracy are distinguished and some conventional measures examined; it is concluded that decentralization and democracy do not necessarily go together. The degree of decentralization and implicit models of postsocia

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Chubarova, Tatiana, Ivan Maly, and Juraj Nemec. "Public policy responses to the spread of COVID-19 as a potential factor determining health results: a comparative study of the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, and the Slovak Republic." Central European Journal of Public Policy 14, no. 2 (2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2020-0008.

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AbstractThe goal of this paper is to identify critical factors in success/failure of public policies focusing on fighting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic using a sample of three countries from Central and Eastern Europe with different results regarding COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates, namely the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, and the Slovak Republic. Based on comprehensive literature review, three independent variables were worked out: the scope/scale of public policy anti-pandemic interventions, the timing of public policy interventions, and the success of public policies in m

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Vadász, Vanda, and Viktória Verebélyi. "At the Borderline of Public and Private Law: The Restitution of Cultural Property Held in Public Collections in Hungary." Santander Art and Culture Law Review 10, no. 2 (2024): 181–208. https://doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.24.017.20828.

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During the Second World War, and thereafter until the end of the communist regime in 1989, a massive amount of privately owned works of art came into the possession of the Hungarian state. The ownership of the property thus collected was only partially clarified after the war. After the fall of communism, nationalized cultural property was subject to restitution laws, but restitution typically meant partial compensation. The aim of this article is to highlight the shortcomings that still characterize the restitution of cultural property held in public collections in Hungary. After summarizing

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Kowalski, Patryk, and Monika Bogucka-Felczak. "Financial sovereignty of autonomous territories in 20th century Central and Eastern Europe." Historia Constitucional, no. 23 (September 14, 2022): 294–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/hc.v0i23.747.

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This article presents the results of comparative legal research concerning the scope of financial sovereignty granted to the autonomous territories of the 20th century Central and Eastern Europe (Silesian Voivodeship, Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia) by the Second Polish Republic (1918-1939), the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938) and the Second Czecho-Slovak Republic (1938-1939). Research material includes: constitutional and public financial legal acts of the aforementioned countries for years 1918-1939, as well as English, Polish, Czech, Slovak and Ukrainian scientific publications in

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van der Meer, Frits M., Caspar F. van den Berg, and Gerrit SA Dijkstra. "Rethinking the ‘Public Service Bargain’: the changing (legal) position of civil servants in Europe." International Review of Administrative Sciences 79, no. 1 (2013): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852312467548.

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It can be argued that because of the rise of New Public Management and the growing dominance of labor law and HRM practices, the so-called ‘traditional’ public law formulation of the position of civil servants has come under pressure in a number of Western European countries in recent decades and have shaken the ‘bargain’ agreed between the political and administrative leaders since the Second World War. By contrast, in Central and Eastern Europe and Britain, new Weberian-type civil service legislation has been introduced. In this analysis, we examine both apparent opposites from a public sect

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Tosun, Jale, and Kai Schulze. "Compliance with EU biofuel targets in South-Eastern and Eastern Europe: Do interest groups matter?" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 33, no. 5 (2015): 950–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x15605923.

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Cox, R. H. "Creating Welfare States in Czechoslovakia and Hungary: Why Policymakers Borrow Ideas from the West." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 3 (1993): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110349.

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Political change in Eastern Europe meant that a policy reform was soon to follow. The initial expectation was that reform would stem from efforts to emulate the Western democratic countries, and that policymakers in Eastern Europe would borrow from the West. In this study it was found that in Czechoslovakia policymakers were attempting to borrow policies primarily from Britain and Sweden, whereas in Hungary the primary models were Germany and Austria. An explanation for this difference is that historical similarities in social-policy development structured the choice of countries, suggesting t

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Chalaczkiewicz-Ladna, Katarzyna, Jędrzej Jerzmanowski, and Tomasz Sójka. "To Whom Polish Directors Owe Their Duties – Between Shareholder Primacy and Political Agenda." European Business Law Review 34, Issue 4 (2023): 665–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2023034.

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Poland is traditionally portrayed as a shareholder primacy jurisdiction – the legislation is silent on this, but it is confirmed by the Polish legal academia and the case law. Interestingly, the focus on shareholder value in Poland is not “transplanted” from the common law jurisdictions, but it is rather derived from the liberal model of the economic transformation that started in 1989 and crucially, the traditionally concentrated share ownership structure. Furthermore, in Poland, just like in the other former Eastern Bloc countries, companies that are fully or partially state-owned are still

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CURT, Cynthia Carmen. ""Romanian Commitment to Independence of Justice and Anticorruption Reforms under CVM and Rule of Law Incentives. Some Considerations on Case-Law of the Constitutional Court"." Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, no. 65E (February 25, 2022): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.65e.3.

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"During 2017-2019 Romania faced a controversial justice laws’ ‘reform’, undermining the rule of law and independence of justice principles, challenging the commitments established under Commission Decision 2006/928/EC in the areas of judicial reform and the fight against corruption. In the context of democratic backsliding in Central and Eastern Europe, Romanian evolutions could be seen as following a regional pattern. The study proposes a critical analysis of the most important legislative evolutions in the area of justice and fight against corruption in the region, as reflected by the Cooper

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Penina, Olga. "Cardiovascular mortality in Central and Eastern Europe: differences and similarities." Romanian Medical Journal 69, no. 2 (2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2022.2.2.

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Objective. To identify differences and similarities in trends and patterns of cardiovascular mortality in Central (Romania and Poland) and Eastern (Moldova and Ukraine) European countries before and after the political transition. Material and methods. The mortality series reconstructed according to ICD-10 since 1970 for Moldova, Ukraine and Poland and since 1980 for Romania were used. Directly standardized death rates by sex, age and detailed cardiovascular disease were computed. Results. After a long period of stagnation or rise, cardiovascular mortality started declining after 1991 in Polan

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Cseres, Katalin J. "Harmonising Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Central and Eastern Europe: The Effectiveness of Legal Transplants Through Consumer Collective Actions." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 8, no. 12 (2015): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2015.8.12.2.

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The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the manner of harmonizing private enforcement in the EU. The paper examines the legal rules and, more importantly, the actual enforcement practice of collective consumer actions in EU Member States situated in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Collective actions are the key method of getting compensation for consumers who have suffered harm as a result of an anti-competitive practice. Consumer compensation has always been the core justification for the European Commission’s policy of encouraging private enforcement of competition law. In those cas

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