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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Reform desire »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 7 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 2 août 2025

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1

Rao, M. Govinda. "Taxation of Services in the Asian and Pacific Region." Asian Development Review 11, no. 02 (1993): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110593000120.

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Generally, tax reforms have been triggered off by the desire to make the tax systems and regimes simple, transparent, broad-based, neutral, and stable. However, in most of the developing countries, the immediate motivation for reform has been the need to eliminate large and growing fiscal deficits. In many cases, deficits are so large and persistent that realistic levels of public expenditure compression alone cannot phase out fiscal imbalances. Also, it is true that expenditure compression strategies have not been uniformly successful. Therefore, often, tax reforms have had to substitute expe

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Stein, Lana. "Dual Strands in Municipal Personnel Administration: Politics and Professionalism." Review of Public Personnel Administration 8, no. 2 (1988): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x8800800204.

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Personnel rules are not neutral and for over a century have given preference to either political needs or the reform desire for apolitical expertise. In either case, particular interests have been served. Today's municipal personnel practices reflect both the traditional reform spirit and the changes necessitated by equal opportunity and affirmative action and the desire for greater managerial control. It is a time of transition, with as yet no dominant motif.

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Chaudhary, Shraddha. "Reconceptualising Rape in Law Reform." Socio-Legal Review 17, no. 2 (2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.55496/xynw7082.

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While rape is a predominantly female social experience, the offence of rape continues to be viewed and defined in law from the male social perspective. Since penetration is central to the male idea of sex, it is also the focus of the offence of rape, regardless of its disconnect with female sexuality, desire, or violation. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, though progressive in many ways, is also steadfast in its adherence to the penetration paradigm. In this paper, I argue that rape should be viewed as a violation of sexual autonomy and bodily integrity, rather than an act of penetratio

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Arfan, Muhammad, Kamran Ansari, Asmat Ullah, Daniyal Hassan, Altaf Siyal, and Shaofeng Jia. "Agenda Setting in Water and IWRM: Discourse Analysis of Water Policy Debate in Pakistan." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061656.

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This article explores the water policy narrative in Pakistan, and identifies its historical trajectories and influences, as well as the impact of the global agenda setting of water for 2030. For this purpose, water sector reforms in Pakistan are examined as a case study. The National Water Policy (NWP) 2018 and Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) reforms are critically evaluated and loopholes identified, in terms of both theoretical aspects and constraints in their practical implementation. The overall analysis reveals that the engineering narrative is dominant in policy circles and larg

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Luneva, Evgeniya I. "HISTORICAL AND MODERN TRENDS OF TAX REFORMS IN RUSSIA." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 6/2, no. 159 (2025): 177–83. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2025.06.02.019.

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The reform of the tax system in the Russian Federation is driven by the government’s desire to create a more equitable and efficient economic model. Over the past decades, the tax system has repeatedly undergone changes aimed at improving tax collection and stimulating economic growth. In modern conditions, when the country’s economy is experiencing both internal and external challenges, effective taxation is becoming a key tool for strengthening public finances and supporting social policy. Thus, the study and analysis of tax reforms are of particular importance for understanding their impact

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Sheldon, Kennon M., and Bruce J. Biddle. "Standards, Accountability, and School Reform: Perils and Pitfalls." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 100, no. 1 (1998): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146819810000110.

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This article examines current debates about educational standards, accountability systems, and school reform from the perspective of Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory. Evidence from this twenty-five-year tradition of research reveals various perils associated with rigid standards, narrow accountability, and tangible sanctions that can debase the motivations and performances of teachers and students. Teachers faced with reforms that stress such practices may become controlling, unresponsive to individual students, and alienated. Test- and sanction-focused students may lose intrinsic int

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Panda, Minati. "Multilingual Intelligence: The Politics of Poverty, Desire and Educational Reform." Psychology and Developing Societies 34, no. 2 (2022): 287–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09713336221118123.

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This paper advocates a concept, “Multilingual Intelligence” (MI), for understanding human mind in economically challenging multilingual societies of developing nations. It examines the social, cognitive and intersubjective resources a multilingual society generates, and how these contribute to the development of human intellect. The attempt here is not to replace ontologically bounded imaginaries of old concepts and theories of intelligence with a new one, but to look at human intelligence from another lens of human capacity to trans-/multilanguage. This paper discusses two paradigmatic cases

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Clark, Paul F., Darlene A. Clark, David V. Day, and Dennis G. Shea. "Healthcare Reform and the Workplace Experience of Nurses: Implications for Patient Care and Union Organizing." ILR Review 55, no. 1 (2001): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390105500108.

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The introduction of market-based reforms over the past twenty-five years has fundamentally changed the way healthcare is delivered in the United States. This paper reports the results of a survey of the workplace experiences and attitudes of hospital-based registered nurses under healthcare reform. The authors find that nurses who had experienced reform-related job restructuring held substantially more negative views of the climate for patient care than nurses who had not experienced restructuring. Also, nurses who had experienced reform-related mergers held more negative perceptions of the cl

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HUBER, JOHN D., and NOLAN McCARTY. "Bureaucratic Capacity, Delegation, and Political Reform." American Political Science Review 98, no. 3 (2004): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055404001297.

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We analyze a model of delegation and policymaking in polities where bureaucratic capacity is low. Our analysis suggests that low bureaucratic capacity diminishes incentives for bureaucrats to comply with legislation, making it more difficult for politicians to induce bureaucrats to take actions that politicians desire. Consequently, when bureaucratic capacity is low, standard principles in the theoretical literature on delegation no longer hold. We also use the model to examine the issue of political reform in polities with low bureaucratic capacity. The model indicates that politicians in suc

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عثمان خضر, أ. م. د. سردار. "تحليل مسار الاصلاح الاقتصادي و معوقاته في اقليم كردستان- العراق". Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences 2021, № 71 (2021): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ijes2021.71.5.

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The research aims to diagnose the obstacles that hinder the implementation of the economic reform program in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, with reference to the reasons for the failure of previous economic reform programs in the region, and to indicate the extent of citizens’ confidence in implementing the economic reform in the region, as well as evaluating the economic reform law of the new government for the year 2020. The research reached a set of results, including: 1- There is no time limit for implementing the economic reform process. 2- Efficient and specialized cadres in the field of e

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Cody, Steven J. "Andrea del Sarto’s Disputation on the Trinity and the “Sighs of Holy Desire”." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 80, no. 1 (2017): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkg-2017-0001.

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Abstract Andrea del Sarto’s Disputation on the Trinity (1517) engages with powerful traditions of spiritual learning that can be traced back to St. Augustine’s theological writings. This paper asks how and in what ways Andrea’s altarpiece might belong to such a rich intellectual history. The analysis connects Augustinian notions of desire and reform to the painting’s iconography and to the artist’s composition and treatment of color. This line of inquiry not only has exciting implications for the study of Renaissance altarpieces; it also lays the groundwork for a larger study of Andrea del Sar

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Schneck, Stephen. "Taylored Citizenship: State Institutions and Subjectivity. By Char Roone Miller. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2001. 224p. $66.00." American Political Science Review 96, no. 4 (2002): 807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305540232046x.

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Few political scientists would recognize the name Frederick Winslow Taylor. Yet by Char Roone Miller's analysis, Taylor's early-twentieth-century “scientific” reforms in management and administrative practices play out in a ubiquitous and subtle process that shapes citizenship in modern America. The application of Taylor-inspired techniques to the reform of the military in the mid-twentieth century and their curiously parallel application in educational reforms receive Miller's closest attention. Much in the spirit of Michel Foucault's (1975) Discipline and Punish, Miller is concerned with dem

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Poole, Eve. "How to Defeat Mammon One Transaction at a Time." Modern Believing 66, no. 3 (2025): 223–30. https://doi.org/10.3828/mb.2025.17.

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Structural change could weaken the thrall of Mammon, but arguments from game theory suggest that individual market actions can also be powerful, and would return moral agency to the individual against a force that can otherwise feel overwhelming. Consumerism rests on three very basic but powerful logics: insatiability, novelty and subjectivity. These are driven by human desire. While this desire can play into the power of Mammon, desire itself is God-given, when rightly directed. One way to school our desire is to reform our personal practices of consumption, and redeeming the monthly bank sta

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Allen, Rebecca. "Education Policy." National Institute Economic Review 231 (February 2015): R36—R43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011523100105.

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This article summarises the 2010–15 Coalition government's education policy, contrasting their attempts to liberalise education markets with the desire to impose a highly traditional curriculum. The government's quite radical reforms have not been easy to implement, taking place against severe budgetary constraints and a minority Coalition partner with ambitions to improve the educational outcomes of children from low income families. It could be argued that the reforms have been successfully implemented, and there is little prospect of wholesale reversal by any future government. However, the

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Knox, Colin. "Kazakhstan: modernizing government in the context of political inertia." International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 3 (2008): 477–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852308095314.

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Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and joined the Commonwealth of Independent States. Since then it has witnessed a remarkable economic transformation under the leadership of President Nursultan Nazarbayev. Pursuing a policy of `economy first and then politics', Kazakhstan is under growing pressure to engage in political reforms which include a modernization agenda to improve public service provision. Recent constitutional reforms have received a lukewarm reaction from the international community that Kazakhstan is keen to become part of. At the same time a prog

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Cabrini, Michele. "Recalibrating Reform." Journal of Musicology 35, no. 2 (2018): 183–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2018.35.2.183.

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The opera Telemaco, with a libretto by Marco Coltellini and music by Christoph Gluck, occupies a unique position as an opera seria that negotiates both tradition and reform. Scholars have long criticized the opera because of its ill-shaped libretto and uneven musical setting. This article contributes to the ongoing debate about operatic reform by reevaluating Telemaco based on its literary sources—Homer’s Odyssey and Fénelon’s novel Télémaque (1699). The absorption of Homer and Fénelon into the fabric of Telemaco goes well beyond adaptation, touching both its general dramaturgy and the specifi

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Hargreaves, Stuart. "Hurtful Digital Communications In Hong Kong: Stakeholder Accounts." International Journal of Law, Ethics, and Technology 2024, no. 3 (2024): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55574/mhoz1319.

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Hurtful digital communications (HDC) is an umbrella term referring to a wide variety of text and image-based practices online, such as cyberbullying or the non-consensual distribution of intimate images (NCDII). They can cause significant harm to victims and, as elsewhere, these practices are on the rise in Hong Kong. This paper represents the first stage of a project aimed at developing a coherent, broad-spectrum response to that rise. It discusses nine interviews with stakeholder groups or representatives in Hong Kong, revealing commonalities and themes in their experiences with clients who

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O'Donnell, Owen, and Platon Tinios. "The Politics of Pension Reform: Lessons from Public Attitudes in Greece." Political Studies 51, no. 2 (2003): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00423.

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While the construction of a rational case for pension reform is often straightforward, the political implementation of such reform can be somewhat more difficult. In large part, this can be attributed to sceptical public opinion. The precise role played by public opinion in constraining the political feasibility of pension reform is, however, unclear. The purpose of this paper is to distil the ways in which public attitudes influence pension reform. This is done through examining survey data from Greece, where progress with the implementation of pension reform has been particularly modest. Pol

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Evseenko, T. P. "TO THE DISCUSSION OF THE PROSPECTS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY INTO A BOURGEOIS MONARCHY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE JUDICIAL REFORM OF 1864)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 3 (2020): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-3-375-381.

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The article deals with the problem of opportunities for reforming the social and state system of the Russian autocracy. The example of the Judicial reform of 1864 shows the limits of the tsarism's ability to reform. The author considers the preservation of the class system in the Russian Empire as the main reason for incomplete reforms. The desire to preserve the privileges of the nobility by any means did not allow the government to realize the real needs of society. Without seeing the emergence of new social classes, the government could not protect their interests. At the same time, the aut

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Brand, Manny. "Exhausted from Educational Reform." Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, no. 180 (April 1, 2009): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40319322.

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Abstract In this modern world of information technology, globalization, and economic competition, music teachers’ work and lives are affected by the maddening whirl of change characterized by development of everything touted as new—new curriculum, new instruction, new technology, new assurance and monitoring of education quality, and new shifts toward school-based management. Music teachers are part of this enormous web of competing and often conflicting goals labeled as educational reform. The impact of government-imposed educational reform can lead to music teachers belief that their views a

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Sabet, Amr. "The Islamic Utopia." American Journal of Islam and Society 31, no. 3 (2014): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v31i3.1061.

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This book is an interesting exposition of the reform discourse and reformironies in the desert kingdom of Saudi Arabia ... a country ambivalent in itssense of security and insecurity, content in its presumed “orthodoxy,” uncertainabout where it fits in this world and about its future, and unsure as to whatextent it can continue to linger in its self-imposed cocoon – and yet, by thesame token, how far it can go in opening up to a perceived threatening world.All of this ambivalence, as one senses while reading the book, hinders, obstructs,and consequently undermines King Abdullah’s alleged attem

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Mhazo, Alison T., and Charles Chiedza Maponga. "Beyond political will: unpacking the drivers of (non) health reforms in sub-Saharan Africa." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 12 (2022): e010228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010228.

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BackgroundLack of political will is frequently invoked as a rhetorical tool to explain the gap between commitment and action for health reforms in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the concept remains vague, ill defined and risks being used as a scapegoat to actually examine what shapes reforms in a given context, and what to do about it. This study sought to go beyond the rhetoric of political will to gain a deeper understanding of what drives health reforms in SSA.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley (2005) to understand the drivers of health reforms in SSA.Results

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Romanova, N., V. Mladenov, and А. Zhukov. "REGULARITIES OF THE INTERACTION TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN THE STATE AND CONFESSIONS IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 3 (2022): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-3-63-71.

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T he article is devoted to identifying patterns of transformation of interaction between the state and confessions in pre-Soviet Russia. The object of the research is the state approach to state-confessional relations. The subject of the research is the influence of liberalism's ideas on religious reform in Russia and the Soviet Union. The purpose of the research is to examine the conceptual and practical aspects of religious reform in Russia and the Soviet Union. The authors have revealed that the interaction between state and confessional spheres during this period has developed according to

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Denis, Jean-Louis. "La transformation du rôle des instances régionales dans le système de santé au Québec -Le cas de Montréal-Centre." Revue française d'administration publique 76, no. 1 (1995): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1995.3013.

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<i>The Transformation of the Role of Regional Authorities in the Quebec Health Service. The Case of Regional Government Control in Montreal-Centre </i> The System of health care in Quebec has undergone important changes since its reform in 1991. The reform was carried out within a legislative framework and with regard to particular political and administrative traditions. With the objective of curbing expenditure on health care, securing equal access to services and maintaining the political means for redistribution of collective resources, the reform is an attempt at compromise be

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Sharueva, Marina V. "LEGAL BASIS OF THE REFORM LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN MOLDOVA (1994-2023)." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian Studies. History. Political Science. International Relations, no. 3 (2023): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2023-3-98-117.

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The article analyzes the legal foundations of the local government reform in Moldova since 1994 up to the present time. The author states that positive and negative experience of Moldova in the field of municipal governing reform deserves special attention of scientific community, as the reform is implemented amidst the unsolved territorial and political issues and realization of the course for Euro-integration. The article consecutively considers the main landmarks in the process of building the Moldovan statehood, and assesses the activities of superior authorities in the context of the muni

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Marchildon, Gregory P. "Can history improve big bang health reform? Commentary." Health Economics, Policy and Law 13, no. 3-4 (2018): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133117000378.

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AbstractAt present, the professional skills of the historian are rarely relied upon when health policies are being formulated. There are numerous reasons for this, one of which is the natural desire of decision-makers to break with the past when enacting big bang policy change. This article identifies the strengths professional historians bring to bear on policy development using the establishment and subsequent reform of universal health coverage as an example. Historians provide pertinent and historically informed context; isolate the forces that have historically allowed for major reform; a

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Spierings, Niels. "Democratic disillusionment? Desire for democracy after the Arab uprisings." International Political Science Review 41, no. 4 (2019): 522–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512119867011.

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Have the Arab uprisings influenced the desire for democracy in the Middle East and North Africa? This study presents a systematic explanation of the different impact the uprisings had on people’s desire for democracy across the region. It applies the relatively new consequence-based theory of democratic attitudes, and integrates the notion of deprivation into it. The expectations derived from this framework are tested empirically by examining data from 45 public opinion surveys in 11 Middle East and North Africa countries (2001–2014) and combining them with a systematic country-level case comp

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Cobbin, Phillip E., and Geoff H. Burrows. "The British navy’s 1888 budgetary reforms." Accounting History 15, no. 2 (2010): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373209359321.

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Reforms to the British navy’s estimates for 1888—9 radically changed the way that budgetary information was presented to parliament. Motivated by a desire to facilitate efficiency judgments about public expenditure, in the new-style estimates expenditure was classified according to object or purpose rather than on the basis of the traditional subjective categorizations. These reforms were instituted, in the face of strong Treasury opposition, almost as a fait accompli, by Mr Arthur Forwood (later Sir Arthur Forwood, Bt), Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Navy, supported by his senio

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Stokes, Lauren. "‘An Invasion of Guest Worker Children’: Welfare Reform and the Stigmatisation of Family Migration in West Germany." Contemporary European History 28, no. 3 (2019): 372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777319000043.

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AbstractThis article examines the effects of the 1974 child allowance reform on guest worker families in West Germany. As part of a wider reform, West Germany implemented a two-tiered system of child allowances whereby migrant parents received more money for children who lived in the European Economic Community (EEC) than for children who lived outside the EEC. Migrants protested the reform and with it the assumptions of the guest worker programme. However, these parents had to contend with a popular narrative whereby foreign parents who brought their children to West Germany after the reform

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Sharma, Yadab Raj. "Trends of Taxation in Nepal: A Theoritical Review." Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 3 (March 9, 2014): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9987.

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This paper discusses the trends and strategies of taxation in Nepal. The trend towards the reform has been evident since the late 1970s, the process accelerated, however, since the mid 1980s. the urge and motivation for tax reform have come from a number of both internal and external factors. For this, changing perception of the role of government, desire to reduce macro economic imbalances, maintaining international competitiveness, increased Globalization of economic activity, demographic changes, foundation in theory and tax system in reality are the main impetus. But political instability

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Weil, Alan R., and James R. Tallon. "The States' Role in National Health Reform." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 4 (2008): 690–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00323.x.

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Debates over health care reform often focus on the appropriate role for the government in health care. Much less attention is paid to defining the respective roles of the states and the federal government. Yet, in the American political system, the basic issue of federalism has profound implications.The question for the nation is which aspects of health policy should reflect national, uniform standards, and which should vary according to local conditions, values, and preferences. Economic mobility and the desire for efficiency militate for national uniformity and federal standards. By contrast

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Pearson, Andrea G. "Nuns, Images, and the Ideals of Women's Monasticism: Two Paintings from the Cistercian Convent of Flines*." Renaissance Quarterly 54, no. 4-Part2 (2001): 1356–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1262157.

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This study explores the dynamics between visual images and expectations for feminine monasticism in northern Europe via two paintings from the Cistercian convent of Flines. It argues that abbess Jeanne de Boubais commissioned the images for clerics who had promoted reform of Flines, in order to suggest compliance with the mandates of the program and the integral place of the convent within Cistercian monasticism. In the wake of the dissolution of several convents that had resisted reform, conveying a desire to yield to the Order must have seemed crucial for the community's survival.

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Dougherty, M. V. "Plagiarism in the Sacred Sciences." Philosophy and Theology 32, no. 1 (2020): 27–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtheol2021622134.

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This article diagnoses the problem of plagiarism in academic books and articles in the disciplines of philosophy and theology. It identifies three impediments to institutional reform. They are: (1) a misplaced desire to preserve personal and institutional reputations; (2) a failure to recognize that attribution in academic writing admits of degrees; and (3) a disproportionate emphasis on the so-called “intention to plagiarize.” A detailed case study provides an illustration of the need for institutional reform in the post-publication processes in the disciplines of philosophy and theology.

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Estrin, Saul. "Competition and Corporate Governance in Transition." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 1 (2002): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330027139.

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This paper examines the elements of institutional development critical to the enhancement of company performance in transition economies. This includes initial conditions, forms of privatization, institutional frameworks and the competitiveness of markets. Comparing empirical evidence, the paper concludes that there is a clear distinction in effectiveness of policies followed and their impact between Central Europe and CIS countries. This divergence is attributed to fundamentally different political attitudes toward reform, the need of CIS governments to gain political support for reform and a

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Wiener, Michel. "La communication, levier du changement social ? L’exemple de la réforme des PTT." Revue française d'administration publique 58, no. 1 (1991): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1991.2886.

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Communication, a Lever for Social Change ? The French postal service (PTT) reform, which went into effect on January 1, 1991, is the culmination of a wide-ranging debate. This process relied upon on a very strong desire for communication, which enabled all those wishing it, outside and within the PTT, to participate directly. Praised by all the observers, original forms of communication, using the most modem techniques, thus made it possible to involve all participants in a dynamic which resulted in this reform, despite rather unfavorable social conditions.

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Payne, Harold, and Janelle Manton. "Evolution of the Australian fiscal landscape and its impact on oil and gas investments in Australia." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12056.

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The oil and gas industry is among the most regulated and highly taxed sectors of the Australian economy. In recent times, the industry has been confronted with ongoing tax reforms that significantly impact the after-tax economics of projects. Examples include the introduction of the carbon pricing mechanism, the extension of the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) to the onshore oil and gas sector, the decision in the Esso case impacting on PRRT taxpayers, amendments to R&D tax incentives and modifications to the taxation system affecting mobile employees. Although the Business Tax Working

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Freiberg, Arie. "'Jalal's Law': Driving Reform in the Wrong Direction." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 2 (2020): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i2.1238.

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This article provides a case study of the process of criminalising a form of dangerous driving in Victoria. It examines the process whereby an ostensibly draconian Bill was transformed into one far less damaging to fundamental criminal law principles and illustrates how populism may be tempered by proper parliamentary procedures, cooperation between parties and a desire to balance political and legal imperatives. It also examines the place of constructive offences in the criminal law and the role that the consequences of an offence plays in the structure of the substantive criminal law and in

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Chakravorty, Swapan. "“Subjects,” “Liberty,” and “Equity”: Queen Victoria's Proclamations and Bengali Writers." Victorian Literature and Culture 52, no. 1 (2024): 226–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000839.

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Starting with Queen Victoria's address to the Proclamation Durbar in 1877, this article surveys how Bengali writers critiqued British colonialism in India through their stories, songs, poetry, journalism, and lectures, sometimes directly about the queen herself, more often when discussing governance, social reform, and the desire for political liberty.

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Renner, Karen J. "Seduction, Prostitution, and the Control of Female Desire in Popular Antebellum Fiction." Nineteenth-Century Literature 65, no. 2 (2010): 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2010.65.2.166.

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Karen J. Renner, "Seduction, Prostitution, and the Control of Female Desire in Popular Antebellum Literature" (pp. 166––191) During the antebellum era, increased attention to the prostitute coincided with a prevalent conception of women as, in Nancy Cott's words, essentially "passionless" unless aroused by sincere romantic love. Yet it seems paradoxical that this ideology existed alongside an increasing awareness of women whose livelihood depended upon manufacturing and marketing sexual desire. In this essay I argue that the prostitute became an object of antebellum fascination and concern les

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Rugege, Sam. "Land Reform in South Africa: An Overview." International Journal of Legal Information 32, no. 2 (2004): 283–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500004145.

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South Africa suffered a long history of colonization, racial domination and land dispossession that resulted in the bulk of the agricultural land being owned by a white minority. Black people resisted being dispossessed but were defeated by the superior arms of the newcomers. As Lewin has written, “whatever minor causes there may have been for the many Bantu-European wars, the desire for land was the fundamental cause.” Despite the claims that South Africa was largely uninhabited at the time of the arrival of Europeans, documentary evidence shows that in fact the land was inhabited. Thus the j

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Miao, Ying. "The Paradox of Middle-Class Attitudes in China: Democracy, Social Stability, and Reform." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 45, no. 1 (2016): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261604500108.

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This article explores the seemingly paradoxical attitudes of the Chinese middle class towards democracy, social stability, and reform. Using fieldwork data from Ningbo, this article shows that a group of objective, middle-class individuals can concurrently display high levels of support for democratic principles and low levels of participation in real-life socio-political events. Being generally confident in China's social stability, these individuals have little to no desire for significant democratic reform, or indeed any reform that occurs outside the purview of the state, as it is consider

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Firmansyah, Ade Arif, and Malicia Evendia. "THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL ASPECTS IN LEGAL REFORM." Constitutional Law Society 2, no. 2 (2023): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36448/cls.v2i2.55.

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This paper aims to see the influence of political aspects in legal reform. By using a conceptual approach, it was found that:In the context of legal reform, political aspects have a significant influence, this can be seen in the formation of the Constitutional Court. The formation of the Constitutional Court was realized because of the political desire to form a state institution that could control the legislative products of the DPR, synchronize it with the 1945 Constitution so that there would be no violations of the constitutional rights of citizens and to maintain the principle of checks a

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Su, Zhixin, Jeanne P. Adams, and Elliot Mininberg. "Ideal Schools for the 21st Century: A Comparative Analysis of American and Chinese Principals’ Views and Visions." Journal of School Leadership 13, no. 2 (2003): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268460301300204.

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The importance of principals to school improvement has been widely recognized, but few studies have focused on principals’ own perceptions of school change and their special roles in reform. This article reports findings from a comparative survey study of American and Chinese school principals’ basic beliefs regarding education and schooling, their views on school reform and the role of the principal in reform, and their visions of ideal schools in the 21st century. Although similarities exist in their perceptions, there are striking contrasts between the American and Chinese views and visions

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Kim, Inhan. "Land Reform in South Korea under the U.S. Military Occupation, 1945–1948." Journal of Cold War Studies 18, no. 2 (2016): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00639.

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The conventional wisdom regarding land reform in South Korea implemented by the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) is that it was a partial and short-term palliative driven by the exigent Communist threat and the free-land program adopted in North Korea. This article offers a new interpretation of the motives, process, and impact of the land reform program under the U.S. military occupation, highlighting three points. First, the United States was serious about conducting a land-to-tiller program because of its desire to stop Communism and pave the way for democracy in So

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Deutsch, Steven. "Workplace Democracy and Worker Health: Strategies for Implementation." International Journal of Health Services 18, no. 4 (1988): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qtm0-q6q5-clb8-bt40.

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A large body of literature documents that increased worker participation leads to improvements in the working environment. This article identifies the Swedish and Norwegian sources of some of this research and notes the link with social policy, namely, legislative reform in those countries. In contrast, the United States has resisted legislative solutions, but that may be changing. New strategies to democratize the workplace are a result of global economic competition, desire to reduce job stress and compensation costs, and more successful application of new technologies at work. These are exa

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Mironov, Boris. "Bureaucratic- or Self-Government: The Early Nineteenth Century Russian City." Slavic Review 52, no. 2 (1993): 233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499921.

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While the topic of local government in Russia before the reforms of the 1860s was popular in prerevolutionary historiography, it did not attract much attention from Soviet historians; historians in the west have shown greater interest in the problem. The necessity of using a narrow, class approach forced Soviet historians to interpret the problems of local government in a simplistic and one-sided fashion. The a priori assumption that an independent local government was impossible, especially under absolutism, and the importunate desire to interpret each reform, each action of the crown as a re

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García Cárdenas, Luis. "La gouvernabilité : une aspiration ancienne, des approches nouvelles." Revue française d'administration publique 94, no. 1 (2000): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.2000.3382.

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Governability : a Long-Held Aspiration and Some New Approaches. In this day and age most political-administrative systems are undergoing a severe crisis in governability. Experimental reforms have had mixed results. The future is, therefore, very uncertain following many aborted attempts at reform such as, in Mexico, the desire to establish a career civil service. There are two series of reasons, political and administrative, which explain the crisis in governability. At the political level : an absence of legitimacy, a lack of credibility and an insufficient involvement of citizens within the

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De Lancer Julnes, Patria. "Reformulación de la reforma estatal para garantizar la resiliencia en un mundo impredecible." Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia, no. 84 (September 1, 2022): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.69733/clad.ryd.n84.a276.

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The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the common belief that government institutions are incapable of adaptating. But it also reveals that, despite substantial gains in poverty reduction since the 1990s and countless versions of “state reform”, the Latin America and Caribbean region remains in crisis. This presentation will address the need to “recast” state reform to build resilient communities. It focuses on the need to rethink the effort to implement the 2030 Agenda, as well as the contributions of evidence-based decision-making systems. Given the desire for citizens to play an influential role

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Feller, Vítor Galdino. "A REFORMA DA IGREJA." Perspectiva Teológica 46, no. 128 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v46n128p21/2014.

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O pontificado do papa Francisco trouxe à tona o tema da reforma da Igreja. Retoma-se essa causa que acompanha a história da Igreja desde os seus primórdios e que interessa a todos os membros do povo santo de Deus. O texto divide-se em quatro partes. Primeiro, faz-se um apanhado histórico dos anseios de reforma da Igreja, mostrando que, muitas vezes em instâncias subterrâneas, sempre houve o desejo e também ações concretas de renovação. Em seguida, apresenta-se como razão para a reforma da Igreja o anúncio e a realização do Reino de Deus, pelo qual é preciso que a Igreja se volte à concretude h

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Dvoryatkina, Svetlana N., Roman A. Melnikov, and Olga A. Savvina. "Reform and counter-reform of mathematics education in the USSR in 1960-1970." Perspectives of Science and Education 60, no. 6 (2022): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.6.31.

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Introduction. In the 1960s and 1970s, a secondary school in the USSR became involved in the international mainstream for the reform of mathematics education. Both the content of mathematics education and its ideology and structure were subject to change. Today, the historical events of the last 50 years require a retrospective view. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to rethink the reform of mathematics education of the 1960s and 1970s in the new conditions of radical changes and modernization of the modern education system. The purpose of the study is to restore the objectiv

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