Thèses sur le sujet « Régression non-paramétriques »
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Maistre, Samuel. « Des tests non paramétriques en régression ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S057/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we study test statistics of the form : (H0) : E [U | X] = 0 p.s. contre (H1) : P {E [U | X] = 0} < 1 where U is the residual of some Y modeling with respect to covariates X. In this setup and for several particular cases – significance, quantile regression, functional data, single-index model –, we introduce test statistics that have pivotal asymptotic critical values. For each case, we also give a suitable bootstrap procedure for small samples. We prove the consistency against local – or Pitman – alternatives for the proposed test statistics, when such an alternative does not get close to the null hypothesis too fast. Simulation studies are used to check the effectiveness of the theoretical results in applications
Bontemps, Christophe. « Enveloppement dans les modèles de régression paramétriques et non-paramétriques ». Toulouse 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU10010.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to research taking place in the field od encompassing in regression models. The main idea underlying this principle is to select a model only if it can account for, or explain the results of a rival model. The validation of the model is then done by comparing the results obtained with those of another model. First we define the notion of exact encompassing; it rests on the existence of a function linking the estimators of each models. The study of the pseudo-true value in the second model enables us to define the approximate encompassing. We then propose encompassing statistics based on the difference between one estimator of the second model and an estimator of the pseudo-true value. We test the validation of the encompassing model by studying asymptotically these statistics, once normalized. We then apply the concept of approximate encompassing to the problem of non-nested regressors choice. We present parametric encompassing tests and link them to classical tests. The results obtained in this parametric setting are then extended by using non-parametric techniques of regression estimation. We propose four statistics (parametric or functional) by combining parametric and non-parametric specifications for each of both models. We show that each of the statistics is normally distributed with zero mean. We also study the choice of the window-width affecting those results and we define the pseudo-true window-width connected to the pseudo-true value estimator. Finally, in the context of two non-parametric models, we propose a global encompassing criterion and we analyze its asymptotic behaviour
Maillot, Bertrand. « Propriétés asymptotiques de quelques estimateurs non-paramétriques pour des variables vectorielles et fonctionnelles ». Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066477.
Texte intégralTaillardat, Maxime. « Méthodes Non-Paramétriques de Post-Traitement des Prévisions d'Ensemble ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV072/document.
Texte intégralIn numerical weather prediction, ensemble forecasts systems have become an essential tool to quantifyforecast uncertainty and to provide probabilistic forecasts. Unfortunately, these models are not perfect and a simultaneouscorrection of their bias and their dispersion is needed.This thesis presents new statistical post-processing methods for ensemble forecasting. These are based onrandom forests algorithms, which are non-parametric.Contrary to state of the art procedures, random forests can take into account non-linear features of atmospheric states. They easily allowthe addition of covariables (such as other weather variables, seasonal or geographic predictors) by a self-selection of the mostuseful predictors for the regression. Moreover, we do not make assumptions on the distribution of the variable of interest. This new approachoutperforms the existing methods for variables such as surface temperature and wind speed.For variables well-known to be tricky to calibrate, such as six-hours accumulated rainfall, hybrid versions of our techniqueshave been created. We show that these versions (and our original methods) are better than existing ones. Especially, they provideadded value for extreme precipitations.The last part of this thesis deals with the verification of ensemble forecasts for extreme events. We have shown several properties ofthe Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) for extreme values. We have also defined a new index combining the CRPS and the extremevalue theory, whose consistency is investigated on both simulations and real cases.The contributions of this work are intended to be inserted into the forecasting and verification chain at Météo-France
Debbarh, Mohammed. « Quelques propriétés asymptotiques dans les modèles additifs de régression ». Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066020.
Texte intégralLAIB, NAAMANE. « Contribution à l'étude de l'estimation et du test non-paramétriques de la fonction de régression pour les données dépendantes ». Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066208.
Texte intégralComminges, Laëtitia, et Laëtitia Comminges. « Quelques contributions à la sélection de variables et aux tests non-paramétriques ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00804979.
Texte intégralNaulet, Zacharie. « Développement d'un modèle particulaire pour la régression indirecte non paramétrique ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED057/document.
Texte intégralThis dissertation deals with Bayesian nonparametric statistics, in particular nonparametric mixture models. The manuscript is divided into a general introduction and three parts on rather different aspects of mixtures approaches (sampling, asymptotic, inverse problem). In mixture models, the parameter to infer from the data is a function. We set a prior distribution on an abstract space of functions through a stochastic integral of a kernel with respect to a random measure. Usually, mixture models were used primilary in probability density function estimation problems. One of the contributions of the present manuscript is to use them in regression problems.In this context, we are essentially concerned with the following problems :- Sampling of the posterior distribution- Asymptotic properties of the posterior distribution- Inverse problems, in particular the estimation of the Wigner distribution from Quantum Homodyne Tomography measurements
Somé, Sobom Matthieu. « Estimations non paramétriques par noyaux associés multivariés et applications ». Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2030/document.
Texte intégralThis work is about nonparametric approach using multivariate mixed associated kernels for densities, probability mass functions and regressions estimation having supports partially or totally discrete and continuous. Some key aspects of kernel estimation using multivariate continuous (classical) and (discrete and continuous) univariate associated kernels are recalled. Problem of supports are also revised as well as a resolution of boundary effects for univariate associated kernels. The multivariate associated kernel is then defined and a construction by multivariate mode-dispersion method is provided. This leads to an illustration on the bivariate beta kernel with Sarmanov's correlation structure in continuous case. Properties of these estimators are studied, such as the bias, variances and mean squared errors. An algorithm for reducing the bias is proposed and illustrated on this bivariate beta kernel. Simulations studies and applications are then performed with bivariate beta kernel. Three types of bandwidth matrices, namely, full, Scott and diagonal are used. Furthermore, appropriated multiple associated kernels are used in a practical discriminant analysis task. These are the binomial, categorical, discrete triangular, gamma and beta. Thereafter, associated kernels with or without correlation structure are used in multiple regression. In addition to the previous univariate associated kernels, bivariate beta kernels with or without correlation structure are taken into account. Simulations studies show the performance of the choice of associated kernels with full or diagonal bandwidth matrices. Then, (discrete and continuous) associated kernels are combined to define mixed univariate associated kernels. Using the tools of unification of discrete and continuous analysis, the properties of the mixed associated kernel estimators are shown. This is followed by an R package, created in univariate case, for densities, probability mass functions and regressions estimations. Several smoothing parameter selections are implemented via an easy-to-use interface. Throughout the paper, bandwidth matrix selections are generally obtained using cross-validation and sometimes Bayesian methods. Finally, some additionnal informations on normalizing constants of associated kernel estimators are presented for densities or probability mass functions
Comminges, Laëtitia. « Quelques contributions à la sélection de variables et aux tests non-paramétriques ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1068/document.
Texte intégralReal-world data are often extremely high-dimensional, severely under constrained and interspersed with a large number of irrelevant or redundant features. Relevant variable selection is a compelling approach for addressing statistical issues in the scenario of high-dimensional and noisy data with small sample size. First, we address the issue of variable selection in the regression model when the number of variables is very large. The main focus is on the situation where the number of relevant variables is much smaller than the ambient dimension. Without assuming any parametric form of the underlying regression function, we get tight conditions making it possible to consistently estimate the set of relevant variables. Secondly, we consider the problem of testing a particular type of composite null hypothesis under a nonparametric multivariate regression model. For a given quadratic functional $Q$, the null hypothesis states that the regression function $f$ satisfies the constraint $Q[f] = 0$, while the alternative corresponds to the functions for which $Q[f]$ is bounded away from zero. We provide minimax rates of testing and the exact separation constants, along with a sharp-optimal testing procedure, for diagonal and nonnegative quadratic functionals. We can apply this to testing the relevance of a variable. Studying minimax rates for quadratic functionals which are neither positive nor negative, makes appear two different regimes: “regular” and “irregular”. We apply this to the issue of testing the equality of norms of two functions observed in noisy environments
Touzani, Samir. « Méthodes de surface de réponse basées sur la décomposition de la variance fonctionnelle et application à l'analyse de sensibilité ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614038.
Texte intégralSow, Mohamedou. « Développement de modèles non paramétriques et robustes : application à l’analyse du comportement de bivalves et à l’analyse de liaison génétique ». Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14257/document.
Texte intégralThe development of robust and nonparametric approaches for the analysis and statistical treatment of high-dimensional data sets exhibiting high variability, as seen in the environmental and genetic fields, is instrumental. Here, we model complex biological data with application to the analysis of bivalves’ behavior and to linkage analysis. The application of mathematics to the analysis of mollusk bivalves’behavior gave us the possibility to quantify and translate mathematically the animals’behavior in situ, in close or far field. We proposed a nonparametric regression model and compared three nonparametric estimators (recursive or not) of the regressionfunction to optimize the best estimator. We then characterized the biological rhythms, formalized the states of opening, proposed methods able to discriminate the behaviors, used shot-noise analysis to characterize various opening/closing transitory states and developed an original approach for measuring online growth.In genetics, we proposed a more general framework of robust statistics for linkage analysis. We developed estimators robust to distribution assumptions and the presence of outlier observations. We also used a statistical approach where the dependence between random variables is specified through copula theory. Our main results showed the practical interest of these estimators on real data for QTL and eQTL analysis
Affes, Zeineb. « Essais sur la prévision de la défaillance bancaire : validation empirique des modèles non-paramétriques et étude des déterminants des prêts non performants ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E004.
Texte intégralThe recent financial crisis that began in the United States in 2007 revealed the weaknesses of the international banking system resulting in the collapse of many financial institutions in the United States and also the increase in the share of non-performing loans in the balance sheets of European banks. In this framework, we first propose to estimate and test the effectiveness of banking default forecasting models. The objective is to establish an early warning system (EWS) of banking difficulties based on financial variables according to CAMEL’s ratios (Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management quality, Earnings ability, Liquidity). In the first study, we compared the classification and the prediction of the canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and the logistic regression (LR) with and without classification costs by combining these two parametric models with the descriptive model of principal components analysis (PCA). The results show that the LR and the CDA can predict bank failure accurately. In addition, the results of the PCA show the importance of asset quality, capital adequacy and liquidity as indicators of the bank’s financial conditions. We also compared the performance of two non-parametric methods, the classification and regression trees (CART) and the newly multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) models, in the prediction of failure. A hybrid model combining ’K-means clustering’ and MARS is also tested. We seek to model the relationship between ten financial variables (CAMEL’s ratios) and the default of a US bank. The comparative approach has highlighted the supremacy of the hybrid model in terms of classification. In addition, the results showed that the capital adequacy variables are the most important for predicting the bankruptcy of a bank. Finally, we studied the determinants of non-performing loans from European Union banks during the period 2012-2015 by estimating a fixed effects model on panel data. Depending on the availability of data we have chosen a set of variables that refer to the macroeconomic situation of the country of the bank and other variables specific to each bank. The results showed that public debt, loan loss provisions, net interest margin and return on equity positively affect non performing loans, while the size of the bank and the adequacy of capital (EQTA and CAR) have a negative impact on bad debts
Fontaine, Charles. « Utilisation de copules paramétriques en présence de données observationnelles : cadre théorique et modélisations ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT009/document.
Texte intégralObservational studies (non-randomized) consist primarily of data with features that are in fact constraining within a classical statistical framework. Indeed, in this type of study, data are rarely continuous, complete, and independent of the therapeutic arm the observations are belonging to. This thesis deals with the use of a parametric statistical tool based on the dependence between the data, using several scenarios related to observational studies. Indeed, thanks to the theorem of Sklar (1959), parametric copulas have become a topic of interest in biostatistics. To begin with, we present the basic concepts of copulas, as well as the main measures of association based on the concordance founded on an analysis of the literature. Then, we give three examples of application of models of parametric copulas for as many cases of specific data found in observational studies. We first propose a strategy of modeling cost-effectiveness analysis based essentially on rewriting the joint distribution functions, while discarding the use of linear regression models. We then study the constraints relative to discrete data, particularly in a context of non-unicity of the copula function. We rewrite the propensity score, thanks to an innovative approach based on the extension of a sub-copula. Finally, we introduce a particular type of missing data: right censored data, in a regression context, through the use of semi-parametric copulas
Amiri, Aboubacar. « Estimateurs fonctionnels récursifs et leurs applications à la prévision ». Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565221.
Texte intégralSaumard, Mathieu. « Contribution à l'analyse statistique des données fontionnelles ». Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAR0009/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we are interested in the functional data. The problem of estimation in a model of estimating equations is studying. We derive a central limit type theorem for the considered estimator. The optimal instruments are estimated, and we obtain a uniform convergence of the estimators. We are then interested in various testing with functional data. We study the problem of nonparametric testing for the effect of a random functional covariate on an error term which could be directly observed as a response or estimated from a functional model like for instance the functional linear model. We proved, in order to construct the tests, a result of dimension reduction which relies on projections of the functional covariate. We have constructed no-effect tests by using a kernel smoothing or a nearest neighbor smoothing. A goodness-of-fit test in the functional linear model is also proposed. All these tests are studied from a theoretical and practical perspective
Lopez, Olivier. « Réduction de dimension en présence de données censurées ». Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195261.
Texte intégralvariable explicative. Nous développons une nouvelle approche de réduction de la dimension afin de résoudre ce problème.
Vimond, Myriam. « Inférence statistique par des transformées de Fourier pour des modèles de régression semi-paramétriques ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185102.
Texte intégralCabrol, Sébastien. « Les crises économiques et financières et les facteurs favorisant leur occurrence ». Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090019.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to analyze, from an empirical point of view, both the different varieties of economic and financial crises (typological analysis) and the context’s characteristics, which could be associated with a likely occurrence of such events. Consequently, we analyze both: years seeing a crisis occurring and years preceding such events (leading contexts analysis, forecasting). This study contributes to the empirical literature by focusing exclusively on the crises in advanced economies over the last 30 years, by considering several theoretical types of crises and by taking into account a large number of both economic and financial explanatory variables. As part of this research, we also analyze stylized facts related to the 2007/2008 subprimes turmoil and our ability to foresee crises from an epistemological perspective. Our empirical results are based on the use of binary classification trees through CART (Classification And Regression Trees) methodology. This nonparametric and nonlinear statistical technique allows us to manage large data set and is suitable to identify threshold effects and complex interactions among variables. Furthermore, this methodology leads to characterize crises (or context preceding a crisis) by several distinct sets of independent variables. Thus, we identify as leading indicators of economic and financial crises: variation and volatility of both gold prices and nominal exchange rates, as well as current account balance (as % of GDP) and change in openness ratio. Regarding the typological analysis, we figure out two main different empirical varieties of crises. First, we highlight « global type » crises characterized by a slowdown in US economic activity (stressing the role and influence of the USA in global economic conditions) and low GDP growth in the countries affected by the turmoil. Second, we find that country-specific high level of both inflation and exchange rates volatility could be considered as evidence of « idiosyncratic type » crises