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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Repetitive DNA elements »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 9 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Repetitive DNA elements"

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Liehr, Thomas. « Repetitive Elements in Humans ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no 4 (19 février 2021) : 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042072.

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Repetitive DNA in humans is still widely considered to be meaningless, and variations within this part of the genome are generally considered to be harmless to the carrier. In contrast, for euchromatic variation, one becomes more careful in classifying inter-individual differences as meaningless and rather tends to see them as possible influencers of the so-called ‘genetic background’, being able to at least potentially influence disease susceptibilities. Here, the known ‘bad boys’ among repetitive DNAs are reviewed. Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs = micro- and minisatellites), small-scale repetitive elements (SSREs) and even chromosomal heteromorphisms (CHs) may therefore have direct or indirect influences on human diseases and susceptibilities. Summarizing this specific aspect here for the first time should contribute to stimulating more research on human repetitive DNA. It should also become clear that these kinds of studies must be done at all available levels of resolution, i.e., from the base pair to chromosomal level and, importantly, the epigenetic level, as well.
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Papin, Christophe, Abdulkhaleg Ibrahim, Stéphanie Le Gras, Amandine Velt, Isabelle Stoll, Bernard Jost, Hervé Menoni, Christian Bronner, Stefan Dimitrov et Ali Hamiche. « Combinatorial DNA methylation codes at repetitive elements ». Genome Research 27, no 6 (27 mars 2017) : 934–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.213983.116.

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Requena, J. M., M. C. López et C. Alonso. « Genomic repetitive DNA elements of Trypanosoma cruzi ». Parasitology Today 12, no 7 (juillet 1996) : 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(96)10024-7.

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Surzycki, Stefan A., et William R. Belknap. « Characterization of Repetitive DNA Elements in Arabidopsis ». Journal of Molecular Evolution 48, no 6 (juin 1999) : 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00006512.

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Lower, Sarah E., Anne-Marie Dion-Côté, Andrew G. Clark et Daniel A. Barbash. « Special Issue : Repetitive DNA Sequences ». Genes 10, no 11 (6 novembre 2019) : 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110896.

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Repetitive DNAs are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and, in many species, comprise the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and unequal crossing over. Despite their abundance, repetitive DNAs are often ignored in genomic studies due to technical challenges in identifying, assembling, and quantifying them. New technologies and methods are now allowing unprecedented power to analyze repetitive DNAs across diverse taxa. Repetitive DNAs are of particular interest because they can represent distinct modes of genome evolution. Some repetitive DNAs form essential genome structures, such as telomeres and centromeres, that are required for proper chromosome maintenance and segregation, while others form piRNA clusters that regulate transposable elements; thus, these elements are expected to evolve under purifying selection. In contrast, other repeats evolve selfishly and cause genetic conflicts with their host species that drive adaptive evolution of host defense systems. However, the majority of repeats likely accumulate in eukaryotes in the absence of selection due to mechanisms of transposition and unequal crossing over. However, even these “neutral” repeats may indirectly influence genome evolution as they reach high abundance. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors explore these questions from a range of perspectives.
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Serakıncı, N., B. Pedersen et J. Koch. « Expansion of repetitive DNA into cytogenetically visible elements ». Cytogenetic and Genome Research 92, no 3-4 (2001) : 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000056899.

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Fried, Claudia, Sonja J. Prohaska et Peter F. Stadler. « Exclusion of repetitive DNA elements from gnathostomeHox clusters ». Journal of Experimental Zoology 302B, no 2 (2004) : 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.20007.

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Deininger, Prescott L., et Gary R. Daniels. « The recent evolution of mammalian repetitive DNA elements ». Trends in Genetics 2 (janvier 1986) : 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(86)90183-6.

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Bollati, V., D. Galimberti, L. Pergoli, E. Dalla Valle, F. Barretta, F. Cortini, E. Scarpini, P. A. Bertazzi et A. Baccarelli. « DNA methylation in repetitive elements and Alzheimer disease ». Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 25, no 6 (août 2011) : 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2011.01.017.

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Lo, Cecilia W. « Novel approach for restriction mapping repetitive DNA elements using DNA transformation ». Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 11, no 5 (septembre 1985) : 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01534839.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Repetitive DNA elements"

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Carter, Andrew T. « VL30 : a mouse retrovirus-like family of repetitive DNA elements ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 1985. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67115/.

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Mouse and rat cells encode an abundant 30S RNA which shares many structural properties with retroviral genomic RNA. This VL30 RNA can be efficiently packaged into retrovirus particles. Mouse cells recently infected with a MuLV (VL30) pseudotype were shown to contain full length, reverse-transcribed DNA copies of both RNA species. VL30 DNA could also be synthesized in quantity using the endogenous reverse transcriptase activity of detergent-disrupted MuLV (VL30) particles. This DNA was found to be identical to that produced in vivo. Several 4.6-4.9kbp molecular clones (NVL clones) of VL30 cDNA were obtained. The retrovirus-like LTRs of each clone displayed a moderate restriction enzyme site heterogeneity, but NVL unique sequence was identical in each case. Southern blotting experiments using NVL probes showed that (a) most of the 100-200 NIH-3T3 DNA mouse VL30 elements were organized into provirus-like structures with a high degree of sequence conservation, and (b) the majority of these elements were hypermethylated and transcriptionally inactlve, whereas an expressed NVL-like sub-class could account for no more than 5% of mouse VL30 genes. NVL-related sequences in rodent DNAs other than the mouse were markedly less abundant and showed a greater sequence divergence. This was in contrast to MuLV-related sequences whose copy number and homology to a cloned MuLV probe decreased more gradually with phylogenetic distance from the mouse. Sub-genomic NVL probes showed that two rodent species had each conserved a different block of NVL-like sequence. These data indicate that each family has exhibited a different rate of sequence divergence during rodent evolution. Finally, a MuLV (VL30)-infected rat fibroblast line was shown to have received 1-2 copies per cell of a transcriptionally active NVL-like element. This suggests the possibility that evolution of each rodent VL30 family has been influenced by retrovirus-mediated transmission across the species barrier.
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Migeon, Pierre. « Comparative genomics of repetitive elements between maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35377.

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Master of Science
Genetics Interdepartmental Program
Sanzhen Liu
The major component of complex genomes is repetitive elements, which remain recalcitrant to characterization. Using maize as a model system, we analyzed whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequences for the two maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 using k-mer analysis to quantify the differences between the two genomes. Significant differences were identified in highly repetitive sequences, including centromere, 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), knob, and telomere repeats. Genotype specific 45S rDNA sequences were discovered. The B73 and Mo17 polymorphic k-mers were used to examine allele-specific expression of 45S rDNA in the hybrids. Although Mo17 contains higher copy number than B73, equivalent levels of overall 45S rDNA expression indicates that transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms operate for the 45S rDNA in the hybrids. Using WGS sequences of B73xMo17 doubled haploids, genomic locations showing differential repetitive contents were genetically mapped, revealing differences in organization of highly repetitive sequences between the two genomes. In an analysis of WGS sequences of HapMap2 lines, including maize wild progenitor, landraces, and improved lines, decreases and increases in abundance of additional sets of k-mers associated with centromere, 45S rDNA, knob, and retrotransposons were found among groups, revealing global evolutionary trends of genomic repeats during maize domestication and improvement.
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Mazzuchelli, Juliana [UNESP]. « Identificação e caracterização de sequências repetidas de DNA no genoma do ciclídeo Astronotus ocellatus ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102712.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mazzuchelli_j_me_botib.pdf: 482271 bytes, checksum: 71e03833a737efe8fe5266606a8471fc (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Uma grande porção do genoma da maioria dos organismos é composta por seqüências repetidas de DNA que foram considerados, por muitos anos, como DNA “egoísta” ou como DNA “lixo”. Pouca atenção tem sido dada a estes segmentos de DNA uma vez que eles não são transcritos em produtos codificantes ou funcionais. Atualmente diversos trabalhos têm sugerido o envolvimento destas seqüências na regulação e reparo de alguns genes, na diferenciação de cromossomos sexuais e na organização estrutural e funcional do genoma. Os estudos citogenético-moleculares, como o mapeamento físico cromossômico, têm demonstrado que as seqüências de DNA repetidas podem ser muito úteis como ferramentas para definir a estrutura e revelar a organização e evolução do genoma das espécies. No presente trabalho, vários elementos repetidos (AoHinfI-4, AoHaeIII-6, AoHaeIII-15) foram isolados, através de restrição enzimática, do genoma do ciclídeo sul-americano Astronotus ocellatus, popularmente conhecido como “Oscar” ou “Apaiari”. Estes elementos foram seqüenciados e utilizados como sondas para hibridação cromossômica para o estudo de seu padrão de distribuição no cariótipo. As seqüências dos elementos repetidos isolados por restrição enzimática apresentaram alta similaridade com outros DNAs repetidos de outras espécies de peixes já depositadas em banco de dados. Os resultados da hibridação in situ de todos os elementos utilizados mostraram um acúmulo de marcações preferencialmente centromérica em todos os cromossomos do complemento. Essas marcações também são coincidentes com a localização da heterocromatina evidenciada através do bandamento C, reforçando a idéia do acúmulo de DNA repetitivo em regiões heterocromáticas. Essa distribuição preferencialmente centromérica dos elementos repetidos isolados sugere que tais seqüências devam desempenhar...
In most organisms a great portion of the genome is composed of repetitive DNA sequences. However little attention has been given to these segments of DNA, which were considered by many years as selfish or “junk” DNA. On the other hand, several works have suggested the involvement of these sequences in the regulation and repair of some genes, in the differentiation of sex chromosomes and in the structural and functional organization of the genome. The cytogenetics and molecular studies, as the physical chromosome mapping, has been demonstrating that repetitive sequences can be very useful as tools to define the structure and to reveal the organization and evolution of the genome of the species. In the present work several repetitive elements (retrotransposons Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6; transposon Tc1; the elements AoHinfI-4, AoHaeIII-6, AoHaeIII-15) were isolated using PCR and enzymatic restriction digestion of the genome of the cichlid Astronotus ocellatus, popularly known as Oscar or Apaiari. These elements were sequenced and their genomic distribution determined by chromosomal in situ hybridization. The nucleotide sequences of the isolated elements showed high similarity to repetitive DNAs of other fish species available in public databases. The results of in situ hybridization showed an accumulation of all obtained elements preferentially in centromeres of all chromosomes of the complement. The chromosomal signals were also coincident with the location of the heterocromatins evidenced through the C banding, reinforcing the idea of the accumulation of repetitive DNA in heterocromatic areas. These preferential distribution in the centromeres, suggests that such sequences should play an important role in the functional organizational and structure of the centromeres and, thus in the genome of this species. The great majority of the studies using the physical chromosome mapping... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Glugoski, Larissa. « Análise de marcadores cromossômicos em Rineloricaria (Siluriformes : Loricariidae) com ênfase na diversidade cariotípica ». UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/940.

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The Loricariidae family is the largest in the Siluriformes order, being comprised of eight subfamilies. One of these, the Loricariinae subfamily, shows great diversity in respect to the number of chromosomes and karyotype formula, varying in the diploid number (2n) from 36 to 74 chromosomes. This diverse range originated mainly from Robertsonian(Rb) rearrangements. Rineloricaria is the largest genre in the Loricariinae subfamily, its species ranging from 2n = 36 to 70 chromosomes. In spite of this, little is known about which kinds of repetitive DNA gave rise to the events of chromosome fusion or fission. Previous studies have revealed the presence of multiple 5S rDNA sites in specimens of Rineloricaria from the Paraná River Basin, associated to the Robertsonian fission/fusion events. The aim of this work was the molecular characterization of the fragile sites associated to the 5S rDNA, besides localizing in situ marker chromosomes in Rineloricaria latirostris from the Das Pedras River and R. latirostris from the Piumhi River (first described in this work), seeking to understand the 2n diversification in this group. Rineloricaria latirostris from the Pedras River exhibited 2n = 46 chromosomes, while those from the Piumhi River presented 2n = 48 chromosomes, and both had a fundamental number (FN) of 60. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays in R. latirostris from the Piumhi River revealed 2 chromosome pairs with 5S rDNA sites, pair 7 with 18S rDNA, and only terminal staining when subjected to a telomeric probe (TTAGGGn). The population of the Pedras river exhibited 5 pairs with 5S rDNA sites, the metacentric (m) pair 2 marked with 18S rDNA, TTAGGGn markers in the terminal regions of the chromosomes, and the presence of interstitial telomeric sites (ITS) in pairs m 1 and m 3. The latter, in synteny with 5S rDNA, is indicative of Robertsonian fusion events. The isolation, cloning and sequencing of the 5S rDNA revealed clones with high sequence identity to 5S rDNA from other species, in addition to the necessary regions for recognition and transcription by RNA polymerase III. One clone of ~700 bp exhibited a degenerated fragment of hAT transposon in its sequence. It was named degenerated 5S rDNA. The fluorescence in situ hybridization assay highlighted chromosomes with co-localized staining for 5S rDNA/hAT, 5S rDNA/degenerated 5S rDNA, and 5S rDNA/ITS (m 3 pair) in R. latirostris from das Pedras River. In R. latirostris from Piumhi River, there was no detection of degenerated 5S rDNA sites. These results allow us to infer the role of the hAT transposon in the dispersion of 5S rDNA sites in the population, since some studies have indicated a relation between 5S rDNA dispersion and transposons in fish. In conclusion, data obtained by this study indicate a possible association between the hAT and the dispersion of 5S rDNA sites and Robertsonian events in the studied population of R. latirostris. The presence of the 5S rDNA/degenerated 5S rDNA/ITS generates hotspots for chromosomal breakage, contributing to the large karyotype diversity found in Loricariidae.
A família Loricariidae é a mais numerosa dentro da ordem Siluriformes e abrange oito subfamílias. A subfamília Loricarinae apresenta uma grande diversidade no que diz respeito ao número de cromossomos e a fórmula cariotípica, com variação do número diploide (2n) de 36 a 74 cromossomos, sendo os rearranjos Robertsonianos (Rb) considerados os principais mecanismos para explicar esta variação cromossômica. Rineloricaria é o gênero mais numeroso de Loricariinae, com espécies apresentando 2n = 36 - 70 cromossomos. Contudo, pouco ainda se sabe sobre quais os tipos de DNAs repetitivos originaram os eventos de fissão e fusão cromossômica. Estudos anteriores revelaram a presença de sítios múltiplos de rDNA 5S em exemplares de Rineloricaria da bacia do Rio Paraná, associados aos eventos de fissão/fusão Robertsonianos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização molecular de sítios frágeis associados ao rDNA 5S, além da localização in situ de marcadores cromossômicos em Rineloricaria latirostris do rio das Pedras e R. latirostris do rio Piumhi (pela primeira vez descrito neste trabalho), visando a compreensão da diversificação do 2n neste grupo. Rineloricaria latirostris do rio das Pedras apresentou 2n = 46 cromossomos, enquanto R. latirostris do rio Piumhi apresentou 2n = 48 cromossomos, ambos com número fundamental (NF) de 60. Ensaios de hibridação in situ fluorescente em R. latirostris do rio Piumhi revelaram 2 pares cromossômicos marcados com rDNA 5S, o par 7 marcado com rDNA 18S, além de apenas marcações terminais utilizando-se a sonda telomérica (TTAGGGn). A população do rio das Pedras apresentou 5 pares portadores de sítios de rDNA 5S, o par metacêntrico (m) 2 marcado com rDNA 18S, marcações de TTAGGGn nas regiões terminais dos cromossomos, além da presença de vestígios de sítios teloméricos intersticiais (interstitial telomeric sites - ITS) nos pares m 1 e m 3, sendo este último em sintenia com o rDNA 5S, indicativo de eventos de fusão Robertsoniana. O isolamento, clonagem e sequenciamento de fragmentos de rDNA 5S, revelaram clones apresentando alta identidade ao rDNA 5S de outras espécies, além das regiões necessárias para o reconhecimento e transcrição pela RNA polimerase III. Um dos clones de ~700 pb apresentou um fragmento do transposon hAT em sua sequência, já em intensa degeneração molecular, sendo denominado de rDNA 5S degenerado. A hibridação in situ fluorescente evidenciou cromossomos com marcações co-localizadas de rDNA 5S/hAT, rDNA 5S/rDNA 5S degenerado e rDNA 5S/ITS (no par m 3) em R. latirostris do rio da Pedras. Em R. latirostris do rio Piumhi, não foram detectados sítios com rDNA 5S degenerado. Estes resultados nos permitem inferir o papel do TE hAT na dispersão dos sítios de rDNA 5S na população estudada, visto que alguns estudos indicam haver uma relação entre a dispersão do rDNA 5S pelo genoma e TEs em peixes. Em conclusão, os dados obtidos neste estudo indicam uma possível associação entre o elemento hAT e a dispersão de sítios de rDNA 5S e eventos Robertsonianos presentes na população de R. latirostris estudada. A presença de rDNA 5S/rDNA 5S degenerado/ITS geram hotspots para as quebras cromossômicas, contribuindo assim para a ampla diversidade cariotípica encontrada em Loricariidae.
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Wang, Suyue. « Characterization of a Human 28S Ribosomal RNA Retropseudogene and Other Repetitive DNA Sequence Elements Isolated from a Human X Chromosome-Specific Library ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278083/.

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Three genomic clones encompassing human DNA segments (designated LhX-3, LhX-4, and LhX5) were isolated from an X chromosome-specific library and subjected to analysis by physical mapping and DNA sequencing. It was found that these three clones are very rich in repetitive DNA sequence elements and retropseudogenes.
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Mazzuchelli, Juliana. « Identificação e caracterização de sequências repetidas de DNA no genoma do ciclídeo Astronotus ocellatus / ». Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102712.

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Orientador: Cesar Martins
Banca: André Luís Laforga Vanzela
Banca: Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo
Resumo: Uma grande porção do genoma da maioria dos organismos é composta por seqüências repetidas de DNA que foram considerados, por muitos anos, como DNA "egoísta" ou como DNA "lixo". Pouca atenção tem sido dada a estes segmentos de DNA uma vez que eles não são transcritos em produtos codificantes ou funcionais. Atualmente diversos trabalhos têm sugerido o envolvimento destas seqüências na regulação e reparo de alguns genes, na diferenciação de cromossomos sexuais e na organização estrutural e funcional do genoma. Os estudos citogenético-moleculares, como o mapeamento físico cromossômico, têm demonstrado que as seqüências de DNA repetidas podem ser muito úteis como ferramentas para definir a estrutura e revelar a organização e evolução do genoma das espécies. No presente trabalho, vários elementos repetidos (AoHinfI-4, AoHaeIII-6, AoHaeIII-15) foram isolados, através de restrição enzimática, do genoma do ciclídeo sul-americano Astronotus ocellatus, popularmente conhecido como "Oscar" ou "Apaiari". Estes elementos foram seqüenciados e utilizados como sondas para hibridação cromossômica para o estudo de seu padrão de distribuição no cariótipo. As seqüências dos elementos repetidos isolados por restrição enzimática apresentaram alta similaridade com outros DNAs repetidos de outras espécies de peixes já depositadas em banco de dados. Os resultados da hibridação in situ de todos os elementos utilizados mostraram um acúmulo de marcações preferencialmente centromérica em todos os cromossomos do complemento. Essas marcações também são coincidentes com a localização da heterocromatina evidenciada através do bandamento C, reforçando a idéia do acúmulo de DNA repetitivo em regiões heterocromáticas. Essa distribuição preferencialmente centromérica dos elementos repetidos isolados sugere que tais seqüências devam desempenhar... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In most organisms a great portion of the genome is composed of repetitive DNA sequences. However little attention has been given to these segments of DNA, which were considered by many years as "selfish" or "junk" DNA. On the other hand, several works have suggested the involvement of these sequences in the regulation and repair of some genes, in the differentiation of sex chromosomes and in the structural and functional organization of the genome. The cytogenetics and molecular studies, as the physical chromosome mapping, has been demonstrating that repetitive sequences can be very useful as tools to define the structure and to reveal the organization and evolution of the genome of the species. In the present work several repetitive elements (retrotransposons Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6; transposon Tc1; the elements AoHinfI-4, AoHaeIII-6, AoHaeIII-15) were isolated using PCR and enzymatic restriction digestion of the genome of the cichlid Astronotus ocellatus, popularly known as "Oscar" or "Apaiari". These elements were sequenced and their genomic distribution determined by chromosomal in situ hybridization. The nucleotide sequences of the isolated elements showed high similarity to repetitive DNAs of other fish species available in public databases. The results of in situ hybridization showed an accumulation of all obtained elements preferentially in centromeres of all chromosomes of the complement. The chromosomal signals were also coincident with the location of the heterocromatins evidenced through the C banding, reinforcing the idea of the accumulation of repetitive DNA in heterocromatic areas. These preferential distribution in the centromeres, suggests that such sequences should play an important role in the functional organizational and structure of the centromeres and, thus in the genome of this species. The great majority of the studies using the physical chromosome mapping... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bikár, Robert. « Rekonstrukce opakujících se segmentů DNA ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255392.

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Hlavní motivací diplomové práce bylo najít vhodný algoritmus, který by vytvořil grafovou reprezentaci NGS sekvenačních dat v lineárním čase. Zvolenou metodou pro reprezentaci je de Bruijnův graf. V další části práce byl navrhnut nástroj, který je schopen transformovat graf do přijatelné podoby pro vykreslování, a dále je schopen odstraňovat chyby, které vznikají při konstrukci grafu. Cílem práce je vytvořit nástroj, který rekonstruuje repetitivní segmenty v DNA. Implementovaný nástroj byl otestován a je schopen identifikovat opakující se segmenty, určit jejich typy, vizualizovat je a sestavit jejich sekvenci na jednodušších genomech s velkou přesnotí. Při použití složitějších genomů, nástroj nalezne pouze fragmenty repetitivních segmentů.
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Matocha, Petr. « Efektivní hledání překryvů u NGS dat ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363811.

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The main theme of this work is the detection of overlaps in NGS data. The work contains an overview of NGS sequencing technologies that are the source of NGS data. In the thesis, the problem of overlapping detection is generally defined. Next, an overview of the available algorithms and approaches for detecting overlaps in NGS data is created. Principles of these algorithms are described herein. In the second part of this work a suitable tool for detecting approximate overlaps in NGS data is designed and its implementation is described herein. In conclusion, the experiments performed with this tool and the conclusions that follow are summarized and described.
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Hypský, Jan. « Rekonstrukce repetitivních elementů DNA ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-385940.

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Eukaryotic genomes contain a large number of repetitive structures. Their detection and assembly today are the main challenges of bioinformatics. This work includes a classification of repetitive DNA and represents an implementation of a novel de novo assembler focusing on searching and constructing LTR retrotransposons and satellite DNA. Assembler accepts on his input short reads (single or pair-end), obtained from next-generation sequencing machines (NGS). This assembler is based on Overlap Layout Consensus approach.
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Barbosa, Patrícia. « ELEMENTOS GENÔMICOS REPETITIVOS NO COMPLEXO Astyanax scabripinnis (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIDAE) ». UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2013. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/982.

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The most part of the eukaryote genomes is constituted for repetitive DNA or multiple copies DNA, which has already been considered as “junk”, may be associated to the heterochromatin. In this study three Astyanax scabripinnis populations from Pindamonhangaba and Guaratinguetá (SP, Brazil) rivers and stream and one population from Maringá (PR, Brazil) were analyzed about the nucleolar organizing region (NORs), As51 satellite DNA, 18S and 5S rDNA location. Moreover, repetitive sequences were isolated and mapped through Cot-1 technique, which showed homology with UnaL2, a LINE type retrotransposon. The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), with the isolated built retrotransposon probe, evidenced disperse labeled and stronger in centromeric and telomeric chromosomes regions, co-located and interspersed with the 18S DNAr and As51, proven by the fiber-FISH technique. The B chromosome of those populations showed very conspicuous labeled with the LINE probe, also co-located with the As51 sequences. The NORs were actives in a single site of a homologue pair in all three populations, with no evidence that the transposable elements and repetitive DNA have influence in its regulation at the performed analyzes level.
A maior parte do genoma dos eucariotos é constituída por DNA repetitivo ou DNA de múltiplas cópias, o qual já foi considerado “lixo”, podendo estar associado à heterocromatina. Neste estudo foram analisadas três populações de Astyanax scabripinnis provenientes de rios e córregos de Pindamonhangaba e Guaratinguetá (SP, Brasil) e uma população da cidade de Maringá (PR, Brasil) quanto a localização das regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (RONs), DNA satélite As51, DNA ribossomal (DNAr) 18S e DNAr 5S. Ainda, foram isoladas e mapeadas sequências repetitivas por meio da técnica de Cot-1, que mostrou homologia com UnaL2, retrotransposon do tipo LINE. A hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH), com sonda construída para o retrotransposon isolado, evidenciou marcações dispersas e mais concentradas em regiões centroméricas e teloméricas dos cromossomos, co-localizadas e interespaçadas com DNAr 18S e As51, comprovada pela técnica de fiber-FISH. O cromossomo B das populações mostrou marcações bastante conspícuas com a sonda LINE, também co-localizada com sequências As51. As RONs apresentaram-se ativas em sítios únicos de um par homólogo nas três populações, não havendo indícios de que elementos transponíveis e DNA repetitivo tenham influência na sua regulação ao nível das análises realizadas.
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Livres sur le sujet "Repetitive DNA elements"

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Carter, Andrew T. VL30 : A mouse retrovirus-like family of repetitive DNA elements. [s.l] : typescript, 1985.

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Baller, Lisa Maria. Analysis of a dispersed repetitive DNA element in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Ottawa : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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Bacterial Integrative Mobile Genetic Elements. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Repetitive DNA elements"

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von Sternberg, R. M., G. E. Novick, G. P. Gao et R. J. Herrera. « Genome canalization : the coevolution of Transposable and Interspersed Repetitive Elements with single copy DNA ». Dans Transposable Elements and Evolution, 108–41. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2028-9_9.

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Madireddy, Advaitha, et Jeannine Gerhardt. « Replication Through Repetitive DNA Elements and Their Role in Human Diseases ». Dans Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 549–81. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_23.

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Gilson, Eric, et Béatrice Horard. « Comprehensive DNA Methylation Profiling of Human Repetitive DNA Elements Using an MeDIP-on-RepArray Assay ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 267–91. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-603-6_16.

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Tabish, Ali M., Andrea A. Baccarelli, Lode Godderis, Timothy M. Barrow, Peter Hoet et Hyang-Min Byun. « Assessment of Changes in Global DNA Methylation Levels by Pyrosequencing® of Repetitive Elements ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 201–7. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2715-9_15.

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Yoshioka, Yasushi, Yoshito Takahashi, Shogo Matsumoto, Shoko Kojima, Ken Matsuoka, Kenzo Nakamura, Kazuhiko Ohshima, Norihiro Okada et Yasunori Machida. « Mechanisms of T-DNA transfer and integration into plant chromosomes : role of vir B, vir D4 and vir E2 and a short interspersed repetitive element (SINE) from tobacco ». Dans Developments in Plant Pathology, 231–48. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0746-4_17.

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Avise, John C. « Wasteful Design : Repetitive DNA Elements ». Dans Inside the Human Genome, 107–33. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393439.003.0004.

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Lucchesi, John C. « DNA methylation and gene expression ». Dans Epigenetics, Nuclear Organization & ; Gene Function, 93–103. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831204.003.0008.

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DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that consists of the addition of a methyl, or of a hydroxyl and a methyl group, to the cytosine of CpG dinucleotides. Some gene promoters are rich in CpGs that are predominantly not modified; other promoters and most enhancers are poor in CpGs. These elements, as well as most exons, introns and intergenic regions, tend to be methylated. CpG methylation plays an important role in maintaining transposable elements and tandem arrays of repetitive sequences in a repressed state. CpG methylation is also responsible for the uniparental silencing of imprinted alleles, allowing the monoallelic expression of some genes, and for the silencing and clonal transmission of the inactive X chromosome in mammals. The use of this modification as a means of dynamically turning individual genes on or off, illustrated by the activation of individual odorant receptor genes, is less common.
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Sætre, Glenn-Peter, et Mark Ravinet. « Genomes and the origin of genetic variation ». Dans Evolutionary Genetics, 25–48. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830917.003.0002.

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Error and chance events, random mutations, are necessary prerequisites for evolution to happen. In a perfect world with no mutations there would be no evolution because no genetic variation would be generated that natural selection or genetic drift could work upon. This chapter first reviews how DNA is organized into genomes and genes in bacteria, archaea, and, in greater detail, eukaryotes. A surprising finding is that only a small fraction of the eukaryote genome consists of coding sequence. Evolutionary processes that can explain the presence of large amounts of noncoding DNA and the repetitive structure of the genome are reviewed, with emphasis on the roles that selfish genetic elements and unequal crossing over play. The chapter further explores the mechanisms that cause mutation and how new genes and protein functions originate.
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da Silva, Maelin, Daniele Aparecida Matoso, Vladimir Pavan Margarido, Eliana Feldberg et Roberto Ferreira Artoni. « Composition and Nature of Heterochromatin in the Electrical Fish (Knifefishes) Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes : Gymnotidae) ». Dans Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97673.

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Fishes of the genus Gymnotus have been suggested as a good model for biogeographic studies in the South American continent. In relation to heterochromatin, species of this genus have blocks preferably distributed in the centromeric region. The content of these regions has been shown to be variable, with description of transposable elements, pseudogenes of 5S rDNA and satellite sequences. In G. carapo Clade, although geographically separated, species with 2n = 54 chromosomes share the distribution of many 5S rDNA sites, a unique case within the genus. Here, repetitive DNA sequences from G. sylvius (2n = 40) and G. paraguensis (2n = 54) were isolated and mapped to understand their constitution. The chromosome mapping by FISH showed an exclusive association in the centromeres of all chromosomes. However, the cross-FISH did not show positive signs of interspecific hybridization, indicating high levels of heterochromatic sequence specificity. In addition, COI-1 sequences were analyzed in some species of Gymnotus, which revealed a close relationship between species of clade 2n = 54, which have multiple 5S rDNA sites. Possibly, the insertion of retroelements or pseudogenization and dispersion of this sequence occurred before the geographic dispersion of the ancestor of this clade from the Amazon region to the hydrographic systems of Paraná-Paraguay, a synapomorphy for the group.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Repetitive DNA elements"

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Zheng, Yinan, Jimmy Ren, Ryan A. Hlady, Keith D. Robertson, Robert L. Murphy, Lewis R. Roberts et Lifang Hou. « Abstract LB-235 : DNA methylation of individual repetitive elements in HCV infection-induced HCC ». Dans Proceedings : AACR Annual Meeting 2018 ; April 14-18, 2018 ; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-lb-235.

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Cadorna, Charles Anthon. « In silico Mining of DNA Repetitive Elements Based on Low Coverage Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Reads in Cocos nucifera ». Dans ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA : ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1332427.

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Chen, Pin-Chuan, Masahiko Hashimoto, Michael W. Mitchell, Dimitris E. Nikitopoulos, Steven A. Soper et Michael C. Murphy. « Limiting Performance of High Throughput Continuous Flow Micro-PCR ». Dans ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62091.

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Continuous flow polymerase chain reaction (CFPCR) devices are compact reactors suitable for microfabrication and the rapid amplification of target DNAs. For a given reactor design, the amplification time can be reduced simply by increasing the flow velocity through the isothermal zones of the device; for flow velocities near the design value, the PCR cocktail reaches thermal equilibrium at each zone quickly, so that near ideal temperature profiles can be obtained. However, at high flow velocities there are penalties of an increased pressure drop and a reduced residence time in each temperature zone for the DNA/reagent mixture, potentially affecting amplification efficiency. This study was carried out to evaluate the thermal and biochemical effects of high flow velocities in a spiral, 20 cycle CFPCR device. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the steady-state temperature distribution along the micro-channel and the temperature of the DNA/reagent mixture in each temperature zone as a function of linear velocity. The critical transition was between the denaturation (95°C) and renaturation (55°C-68°C) zones; above 6 mm/s the fluid in a passively-cooled channel could not be reduced to the desired temperature and the duration of the temperature transition between zones increased with increased velocity. The amplification performance of the CFPCR as a function of linear velocity was assessed using 500 and 997 base pair (bp) fragments from λ-DNA. Amplifications at velocities ranging from 1 mm/s to 20 mm/s were investigated. Alternative design of PCR was investigated. Shuttle PCR has a single straight channel and a DNA plug, driven by electrokinetic flow, will move forward and backward in the microchannel to achieve the repetitive thermal cycles. Thermal performance, independent insulated temperature blocks, and molecular and thermal diffusion were evaluated.
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Choi, Junseo, Bahador Farshchian et Sunggook Park. « Fabrication of Perforated Conical Nanopores in Freestanding Polymer Membranes Using Nanoimprint Lithography and Pressed Self-Perfection Method ». Dans ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87669.

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Nanopores have proven to be an important sensing element in biosensors to detect and analyze single biomolecules such as DNAs, RNAs, or proteins. The charged biomolecules are driven by an electric field and detected as transient current blocks associated with their translocation through the pores. While protein nanopores, such as alpha-hemolysin and MspA protein nanopores embedded within a lipid bilayer membrane [1], promise to be a rapid, sensitive and label-free sensing paradigm, their duration of usage is too short to perform repetitive experiments due to the mechanical instability of the lipid bilayer. A variety of methods have been developed to prepare synthetic nanopores, which can substrate for protein nanopores, including a direct milling with a focused high-energy electron or ion beam in insulating substrates, an ion track etching in polymer substrates, and an anodizing in aluminum substrates. However, those methods do not allow for control over both the size and location of pores and the high yield of production.
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