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Ščurek, Radomír, et Ryszard Szynowski. « Crisis Management in the Czech Republic ». Internal Security 15, no 2 (27 avril 2023) : 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.4203.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Czech Republic seems to be a geographically peaceful place. However, the territory of the Republic is not free from natural disasters that have hit the country in the past, and are a common occurrence in the country nowadays. The most dramatic and destructive natural disasters and technical failures in the history of the Czech Republic included, among others, a broken dam on the Desn River in the Jizera Mountains (1916), earthquakes (1985), or floods that affected Moravia, Silesia and part of eastern Bohemia, as well as the territory of Poland, in July 1997. The latter threats related to flooding especially highlighted the inability of state institutions of the time to deal with crisis situations, and this led to undertaking work on the construction of a crisis management system in the Czech Republic. The purpose of this article is to present the solutions, experiences and trends of the currently functioning crisis management system in the Czech Republic. Why? Well, natural disasters know no borders and, just like it was in 1997, they could cover larger areas, including the territory of Poland, and the basic knowledge about the crisis management system of our neighbor (the Czech Republic) is contained in a broader concept: the concept of cross-border crisis management, the necessity of which results from cross-border threats.StreszczenieRepublika Czeska wydaje si by miejscem geograficznie spokojnym. Jednak terytorium Republiki nie jest wolne od klsk ywioowych, ktre nawiedzay ten kraj w przeszoci, a obecnie s jego czstym zjawiskiem. Do najbardziej dramatycznych i niszczcych klsk ywioowych i awarii technicznych w historii Republiki Czeskiej naleay m.in. przerwana zapora na rzece Desnej w Grach Izerskich (1916 r.), trzsienia ziemi (1985 r.) czy powodzie, ktre w lipcu 1997 r. dotkny Morawy, lsk i cz wschodnich Czech, a take terytorium Polski. Te ostatnie zagroenia zwizane z powodzi szczeglnie zwrciy uwag na niezdolno wczesnych instytucji pastwowych do radzenia sobie z sytuacjami kryzysowymi, co doprowadzio do podjcia prac nad budow systemu zarzdzania kryzysowego w Republice Czeskiej. Celem niniejszego artykuu jest przedstawienie rozwiza, dowiadcze i tendencji obecnie funkcjonujcego systemu zarzdzania kryzysowego w Republice Czeskiej. Dlaczego? Ot klski ywioowe nie znaj granic i podobnie jak to byo w 1997 roku mog obj wiksze obszary, w tym terytorium Polski, a podstawowa wiedza o systemie zarzdzania kryzysowego naszego ssiada (Czech) zawiera si w szerszym pojciu: transgranicznego zarzdzania kryzysowego, ktrego konieczno wynika z zagroe transgranicznych. . , . (1916 ), (1985 ) , , , 1997 . , , , . - , . ? , , 1997 , , , ( ) : , .Zusammenfassung. Die Tschechische Republik scheint ein geographisch friedlicher Ort zu sein. Allerdings ist das Gebiet der Republik nicht frei von Naturkatastrophen, die das Land in der Vergangenheit heimgesucht haben und heute immer noch hufig vorkommen. Zu den dramatischsten und zerstrerischsten Naturkatastrophen und technischen Pannen in der Geschichte der Tschechischen Republik gehren u.a. der Dammbruch an der Desn im Isergebirge (1916), die Erdbeben (1985) oder die berschwemmungen, die Mhren, Schlesien und einige Teile Ostbhmens sowie polnische Gebiete im Juli 1997 heimsuchten. Insbesondere die letztgenannten berschwemmungen haben die Unfhigkeit der damaligen staatlichen Behrden zur Bewltigung von Krisensituationen deutlich gemacht, was dazu fhrte, dass in der Tschechischen Republik am Aufbau eines Krisenmanagementsystems gearbeitet wurde. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Lsungen, Erfahrungen und Trends des derzeitigen Krisenmanagementsystems in der Tschechischen Republik darzustellen. Und warum? Die Naturkatastrophen kennen nun keine Grenzen und knnen, wie es 1997 der Fall war, grere Gebiete, einschlielich des Territoriums der Republik Polens umfassen. berdies ist das Grundwissen ber das Krisenmanagementsystem unseres Nachbarn (der Tschechischen Republik) in einem viel weiter gefassten Konzept enthalten: dem grenzberschreitenden Krisenmanagement, dessen Anwendung sich aus den grenzberschreitenden Bedrohungen ergibt.
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SIMPSON, MARTIN. « THE ‘MILCH-COW STATE’ REVISITED : REPUBLICAN POLITICS IN THE AVEYRON ». Historical Journal 48, no 3 (septembre 2005) : 743–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004644.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article examines the ‘republicanization’ of the Aveyron under the Third Republic, exploring issues of the practice and meaning of politics in this rural département. I look at the impact of the Republic's efforts to secularize education and ask on what grounds a département that emphatically rejected the secular/anti-clerical programme of the Republic could nonetheless eventually vote republican. This opens up questions of peasant understandings of politics. In particular I refer to the work of P. M. Jones who has written on this area, attributing republican success to the material benefits offered by the ‘milch-cow state’ and forceful administrative intervention. I argue that whilst the action of the Republic was significant, the success of the republicans rested on more than their ability to deliver local services. Republican politics in the Aveyron succeeded in redefining republicanism, arriving at an alternative conception of the Republic that was acceptable to the strongly Catholic and politicized electorate. We need to move away from any ideas of a single opportunist republicanism to realize that there were multiple conceptions of the Republic and a range of local republicanisms forged in relation to the circumstances of the individual French peripheries.
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Primus, Richard. « The Republic in Long-Term Perspective ». Michigan Law Review Online, no 117 (2018) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.online.117.republic.
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Every system of government eventually passes away. That's a feature of the human condition. The United States has been an unusually stable polity by the standards of world civilizations, and for that stability Americans should be deeply grateful. But no nation is exempt from the basic forces of history. It is not reasonable to think that the constitutional republic we know will last forever. The question is when it will meet its end-in our lifetimes, or in our grandchildren's, or centuries later. Given the stable conditions that living Americans were socialized to expect, the dominant intuition is probably something like "A very long time from now, long enough that we can't imagine what life will be like then." That was my own confident view until recently, and it may still turn out to be right. But the recognition that no system of government lasts forever should make us realize that this one, too, will one day run its course. Once we face that reality, we can perhaps think with open minds about the possibility that the end will come sooner than we expected.
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Petrović, Rajko. « Republic of Spain : An impossible mission ? » Politička revija 76, no 2 (2023) : 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pr76-43897.
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The subject of this research is the analysis of the history of Spanish republican thought, the implementation of the concept of the Republic of Spain in practice, and the contemporary views of the Spanish political and social public on this issue. The goal of the research is not only to describe the different phases of Spanish republicanism in the form of the First and Second Spanish Republics and their representatives but also to try to answer the question of whether in the foreseeable future, it is possible to expect the transformation of Spain from a monarchy to a republic for the third time in its history. Our initial hypothesis was that historical experience has shown that republican Spain is an "impossible mission" due to its strong royalist and Roman Catholic spirit. The results of the research point to the still significant position of the monarchy within the Spanish political system, to the small chances that the "Third Spanish Republic" will be proclaimed in the near future, but also to the fact that the debate about the form of government in Spain is still very much alive and that as such has an impact on political events in that country. During the research, we have used the historical method and the method of comparative analysis.
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Nechkin, A. V. « Form of Government in Countries around the World : Classification Problems and their Possible Solutions ». Lex Russica, no 5 (31 mai 2019) : 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.150.5.132-147.
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The main purpose of the paper is to develop a unified classification of the states of the world according to the form of government. The author considers the existing approaches, and the classification of the world states in the form of government in the theory and practice of state-building.Further, the author gives examples of states whose forms of government cannot be classified within the framework of traditional approaches. To solve this problem of classification, the author proposes, in addition to the typical (traditional) forms of government — monarchy and republic, to allocate atypical forms of government — a monarchy with a republican element and a republic with a monarchical element, and within the republican form of government, in addition to the traditional (classical) varieties — presidential, parliamentary and semi-presidential republics. It is proposed to allocate non-traditional (non-classical) varieties — hybrid, superpresidential, socialist and Islamic. In addition, the author distinguishes the mixed republic in two varieties (semipresidential and semi-parliamentary republics) as a kind of watershed between traditional and non-traditional varieties of the republican form of government. Within the framework of the paper, the author also touches upon the question of correlation of the categories «form of government», «state and political regime», concluding that they are independent but interrelated categories. In conclusion, the author summarizes the findings of the study and, for clarity, offers a scheme of his own approach to the classification of the States of the world in the form of government.
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Safin, Fail G., Svetlana S. Alekseenko et Aigul I. Khaliullina. « National mass media as markers of ethnolinguistic identity of Finno-Ugric peoples in Bashkortostan ». Finno-Ugric World 10, no 4 (24 décembre 2018) : 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.010.2018.04.055-066.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Subscription to periodicals indirectly shows the ethnolinguistic identity of the population, as in order to meet ethno-cultural needs individuals give preference to that Mass media which is closer to them by the language and world-view. Along with the regional and republican newspapers and magazines published in Bashkortostan, the Finno-Ugric peoples actively take in periodicals from the neighboring Republics, which makes it possible to meet ethnic, cultural and national language needs more widely. The article is based on the materials from the archive of the Ufa Federal Postal Service of the Republic of Bashkortostan,a branch of “Post of Russia”, as well as data from the Press Agency of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It makes an attempt to explore the national cultural needs of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the field of printed Press. The work is based on statistical data, including the current archives of Press and Media Agency of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Federal postal service of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as the results of population censuses. The principle of historicism, statistical and systematic approaches make the theoretical basis of the research. In Bashkortostan newspapers for the Mari population are published in the Mari language in two districts – Mishkinskiy and Kaltasinskiy, with 71,5 and 45,9 % of the Mari population according to 2010 census. In Tatyshlinskiy district with 21,5 % of Udmurt population, there is one regional newspaper in the Udmurt language. Taking into account the needs of the Mari population of the Republic, since 1991 the Republican newspaper “Cholman” (“Kama”) has been published in the Mari language. Since 1999 there has been another newspaper with Republican circulation in the Udmurt language – “Oshmes”. Newspapers and magazines in the Mordovian language are not published in Bashkortostan. The Mordovian population subscribes periodicals from the Republic of Mordovia. The promotion of subscriptions in the Finno-Ugric languages in the Republic would contribute to the further preservation and development of native languages and strengthening the ethnic identity of the Finno-Ugric population in Bashkortostan.
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Yurov, Victor, Evgeniy Eremin et Sergey Guchenko. « Ecological and radiation safety of Central Asia ». E3S Web of Conferences 311 (2021) : 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131104001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Previous calculations showed that in the Kyrgyz Republic 7.2% of the total population are exposed to the “radiation risk”, in the Republic of Kazakhstan - about 3%, in the Republic of Tajikistan - 1.7% and in the Republic of Uzbekistan - 0.3%. The number of radiation-contaminated territories in the Republics of Central Asia is equal: the Kyrgyz Republic contains about 132 million m3 of waste, the Republic of Tajikistan contains about 180 million m3 of waste, the Republic of Uzbekistan contains 640 million m3 of waste, and the Republic of Kazakhstan contains approximately 10,000 million m3 of waste. Total: in the four Republics of Central Asia, the total amount of radioactive waste is 10952 million m3. Taking as a basis the limited liability company “Vismut GmbH” from Germany, which carried out the reclamation of uranium tailings with a volume of 160 million m3 of tailings at a cost of about 8 billion euros for about 37 years. Using a thermodynamic approach, it is shown that the costs of reclamation of uranium tailings for the four Central Asian Republics will be 548 billion euros, and the duration will be about 40 years.
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Regent, Nikola. « Sallust, Machiavelli and the Divorce of virtus from res publica* ». English Historical Review 135, no 575 (août 2020) : 775–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceaa254.
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Abstract Montesquieu famously stated that virtue is the principle of republican government. This article examines how virtue is dissociated from res publica in the works of Sallust, the great Roman republican historian, and Machiavelli, usually regarded as the central figure of the republican tradition. Both thinkers cut the crucial link between virtue and republic, ascribing the former to the main villain of the tradition, Caesar. Furthermore, virtue is simultaneously dissociated from being bonus/buono, a good man/good citizen. The paper examines Sallust’s idea of virtus, and then demonstrates how closely Machiavelli follows him, and how he reaches a similar conclusion. Implications for understanding Machiavelli’s virtù within a framework of republics are shown: it is impossible for a citizen to exhibit virtue and remain good in a truly corrupted republic—in such circumstances one can become virtuous only by working against the public good/res publica.
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Valiullina, Nailya R. « Young Adult Library and Problems of Youth Tolerance Formation ». Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no 3 (24 mai 2010) : 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2010-0-3-32-35.
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Article is devoted to activities of the Republican Young Adult Library of Tatarstan directed to education of tolerance of youth to individual, cultural and national distinctions of people. Here you can see the vivid examples illustrating mass design work the purpose of which is acquaintance of youth with multinational culture of Republic, familiarizing with values of tolerance. The special attention is paid to the co-projects with the Ministry of Culture of Republic of Tatarstan, the Tatar State Academic Theatre of G. Kamal, libraries of republics of the Volga region. These projects evoked a wide response of young people that intensified informative interest to literature and reading.
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Weizman, Ines. « Palast der Republik (Palace of the Republic) ». Journal of Architectural Education 67, no 1 (5 mars 2013) : 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.2013.767147.
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Arp, Björn. « Slowakische Republik (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea B.V. » American Journal of International Law 112, no 3 (juillet 2018) : 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2018.56.
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On March 6, 2018, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU or Court) rendered its judgment in Slowakische Republic (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea B.V. (Achmea decision) in response to the German Federal Court of Justice's (Bundesgerichtshof) request for a preliminary ruling. Deciding for the first time on the compatibility of the arbitration provision in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with European Union (EU) law, the Court concluded that the investor-state arbitration clause in the Dutch-Slovak BIT was incompatible with EU law because it violated the principle of autonomy. The Court will soon respond to Belgium's request for an Opinion on the Canada-EU free trade agreement (FTA), where it will rule on the compatibility of extra-EU investment agreements with EU law.
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Kong, Lingkai. « The Changes and Continuities Between the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic ». European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no 5 (23 septembre 2022) : 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.5.314.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The transformation of the Ottoman Empire into the Turkish Republic was accompanied by change and continuities. The newly founded early republics necessarily inherited relics from the previous era and were significantly affected by economic and social institutions that sculpted their personality and mannerisms. This paper reveals the connection between the subjectivity of the late Ottoman and early Turkish republics through four aspects: state traditions, bureaucracy, the role of the military, and political culture, with both innovative changes and continuities. These connections facilitate comprehension of the early republic's history, political actors, and notable events.
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Martyniuk, Roman, Oleksii Datsiuk, Mykola Romanov et Tetiana Khomych. « Post-Soviet Presidentialized Republics : Factors for Choosing the Form of Government and Difficulties of Its Classification ». Journal of Public Policy and Administration 7, no 2 (10 juin 2023) : 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jppa.20230702.14.
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In the post-Soviet states of Eastern Europe and Asia, a special presidential form of government was formed, which, in fact, cannot be classified within the trichotomous division of republican forms of government established in modern political science. Attempts by researchers to clearly define this form of government generate real classification chaos. Many scientists tend to see the studied form of government as a presidential version of a mixed republic. Another group of scientists, given the hypertrophy of the constitutional status of the president, perceives it as a certain variant of the presidential republic. In fact, the form of government adopted in many post-Soviet states eclectically combines elements of presidential and mixed republics and at the same time fundamentally does not meet the criteria of both of these forms of government. It is not a presidential republic, since it does not reveal a “hard” division of power and contains certain elements of parliamentarism, and it is not a mixed republic, since it does not have its minimum necessary set of features. Therefore, this form of government cannot be identified with presidential or mixed republics, nor can it be considered as a partial deviation from one of them. The idea of a mixed republic had a significant impact on the latest state-building practice of the post-Soviet states. At the same time, in most of them, the difficult conditions of the initial stage of state formation caused a significant strengthening of the power of the president. The consequence of this was the dominance of the president not only in relation to the system of executive bodies, but also in relation to the state mechanism in general. The transformation of the president into the real head of the executive power distorted the nature of the mixed republic and gave birth to a new hybrid form of government, which combined certain formal and legal features of the mixed republic with the hypertrophied constitutional status of the president.
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Merlini, Cesare, et Gian Enrico Rusconi. « Fatherland and Republic Patria e Repubblica ». Foreign Policy, no 108 (1997) : 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1149097.
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Palátová, P., R. C. Purwestri et L. Marcineková. « Forest bioeconomy in three European countries : Finland, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic ». International Forestry Review 24, no 4 (1 décembre 2022) : 594–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282518.
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The paper assesses similarities and differences between Finland, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in terms of their forest bioeconomies. In Finland, which is perceived as a leader in forest bioeconomy, the national bioeconomy strategy was adopted in 2014 and updated in 2022. The Czech and Slovak Republics are following a path towards adopting national forest bioeconomy strategies and have partially adopted bioeconomy principles in other forestry-related strategic documents. The relevant core strategies are, the adoption of the bioeconomy concept in the Czech Republic by the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Low-Carbon Development Strategy of the Slovak Republic. The Czech and Slovak Republics have the potential to utilize the forest sector in order to enable development of their forest bioeconomies in the future.
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Meznar, Joan E. « The Brazilian Republic : An Overview ». Americas 48, no 2 (octobre 1991) : 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006827.
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Brazil came late to republican government. By 1889 Brazilians had witnessed almost a century of tumultuous politics in neighboring republics. The aspirations of the 1817 and 1824 separatists had been transformed as order and progress, the positivist creed, chased away the specter of social reform. In some ways Brazil itself had changed profoundly during the empire; yet in others it remained deeply rooted to its colonial past. The tension between tradition and change, between old alliances and new possibilities, highlighted the proclamation and consolidation of Brazil's republic. Political transition provided opportunity for widely differing groups to seek preeminence. The myth of a uniquely Brazilian peaceful transition to republicanism is shattered as we witness the power struggles that began on November 15, 1889. But one hundred years later it is the image of lost opportunity, the failure to seize the moment created by abolition, the absence of the povo from the process, that impresses those who experience another transition in Brazilian republican history.
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Caivano, Dean. « The Question of Sharing : Thomas Jefferson and the Idea of Communal Property ». Histories 1, no 3 (22 juin 2021) : 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories1030012.
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Drawing from archival research, this article explores Thomas Jefferson’s understanding of property and his embrace of a political community defined by communal sharing. Tracing the evolution of Jefferson’s view on property holdings from the Anglo-Saxons to the American colonies to his speculative vision of ward republics, this paper argues that fears concerning economic and property inequities in the early republic compelled the principal author of the Declaration of Independence to endorse small, communal experiments. Importantly, this reading of Jefferson problematizes strict liberal or republican interpretations of his thought, further calling into question the philosophical heritage of the American republic. By evaluating personal letters from 1804 to 1824, this article offers an alternative reading of Jefferson, one that carefully showcases his wholly original, compelling, and radical democratic thinking. The significance of this heterodox interpretation has far-reaching implications on our understanding of the foundational principles of the early republic as well as how we address the issue of economic inequality in the modern-day United States.
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Savanović, Aleksandar. « 'The second Republic' : Does the Republic of Srpska need a new constitution ? » Politeia 11, no 21 (2021) : 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/politeia0-28729.
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In this paper, we will try to suggest the possibility of a new constitution of the Republic of Srpska. By that political act, the 'Second Republic' might be created. With this in mind, our approach has two steps. The first one is negative: it should explain that in the Constitution of the Republic of Srpska there are some deficiencies, both formal and substantial. The second step is positive: it suggests a direction that has to be taken in the process of creation of our new Constitution. Our basic assumption is that the current Constitution of the Republic of Srpska cannot provide effective framework for our political community. In fact, our current constitution is one of the main sources of problems and conflicts in our political community. This diagnosis is quite opposite to the main line of understanding of the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska respectively: the standard perception of the former and the latter is that there is some kind of deficiency as regards the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Yet, it is the constitutions of the entities of the Republic of Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina that are almost never discussed.
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Masters, Adrian. « The Two, the One, the Many, the None : Rethinking the Republics of Spaniards and Indians in the Sixteenth-Century Spanish Indies ». Americas 78, no 1 (janvier 2021) : 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2020.72.
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AbstractFor a half-century, the historiography on Spanish Habsburg rule suggested that the crown envisioned Indies society as best divided into two segregated sociolegal groups: the republic of the Spaniards and the republic of the Indians. This model was popularized by the eminent mid twentieth century Swedish historian Magnus Mörner and has since become a foundational concept in the field. However, using extensive archival evidence, this article suggests that the Mörner Thesis of the Two Republics is flawed. Historicizing sixteenth-century uses of the concept of the republic, it finds that contemporaries conceived of a complex social order in which many political communities such as municipalities and groups of petitioners could overlap within larger meta-republics, such as the Indies republic and the Christian faith-republic. It then turns to subjects’ uses of the two republics, noting that this conceptual duality appeared rarely in the petitions of Spanish officials, commoners, Indians, Afro-descendants, and mestizos, and was also rare in royal and viceregal legislation. Moreover, this binary most often served to suggest Spaniards’ and Indians’ common ground. The article then reflects on other approaches to understanding the Indies’ Spanish-Indian binary, the place of non-Spanish, non-Indian vassals within republic-thinking, and the staggering complexity of Indies laws, categories, and social interactions.
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Domogashev, Oleg Semenovich. « Current trends in development of wrestling in the Altai Republic, Republic of Khakassia and Tyva Republic (on the materials of regulatory legal acts) ». Genesis : исторические исследования, no 4 (avril 2020) : 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.4.32436.
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The object of this research is the wrestling in the Altai Republic, Republic of Khakassia and Tyva Republic. The subject is the current trends in development of wrestling in these regions. The goal consists in examination of the key vectors in development of wrestling in the period from 1990’s to the first decade of the XXI century based on the materials of regulatory legal acts. The insufficient knowledge on this topic within the framework of historical science is underlined. The research material broadens the scientific knowledge on the history of wrestling in the Altai Republic, Republic of Khakassia and Tyva Republic. The main source for this research became the federal and regional regulatory legal acts on physical education and sports. The novelty of this work consists in the analysis of individual regulatory legal documents on physical education and sports, and their impact upon the development of wrestling in the aforementioned republics. A conclusion is drawn on the intensive development of wrestling, including its national varieties – khuresh, kures, kuras; as well as female wrestling, future development prospects of this sport in the named republics.
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Garaev, Ruslan Ralifovich. « Experience in organizing exercise therapy service in the Republic of Bashkortostan ». Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no 1 (2022) : 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2201-02.
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The history of the development of sports medicine is closely connected with the growth and development of physical culture and sports. At the end of the 40s, medical control took shape as a state system of medical support for physical education and sports, and in 1951 the Ministry of Health of the USSR issued an order on the organization of medical and physical education dispensaries. They began to open in all the republics of the USSR, regions, large cities and districts of Russia. In November 1952, the Republican Medical and Physical Education Dispensary was organized in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa. The authors of the article share their experience in organizing the medical and physical education service of the Republic of Bashkortostan at the present stage.
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Czernyadjeva, I. V., O. M. Afonina, E. A. Davydov, G. Ya Doroshina, O. D. Dugarova, A. S. Etylina, I. V. Filippov et al. « New cryptogamic records. 5 ». Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 54, no 1 (2020) : 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2020.54.1.261.
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First records of Myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, Basidiomycetes for the Novosibirsk and Volgograd regions, the Republic of Altai, lichens and lichenicolous fungi for the Tver Region, the republics of Altai and Tyva, bryophytes for Novaya Zemlya, the Pskov, Tula and Saratov regions, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area — Yugra, the Republic of Buryatia, the New Siberian Islands Archipelago, the Peninsula and excluded lichens for the Republic of Altai are presented. Data on localities, habitats, substrates and herbarium specimens of all species are provided.
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Topan, Diva Aulia, et Gita Widiasanty. « STRATEGI MARKETING PUBLIC RELATIONS URBAN REPUBLIC DALAM MEMBANGUN BRAND AWARENESS ». Jurnal Pustaka Komunikasi 5, no 1 (30 mars 2022) : 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32509/pustakom.v5i1.1755.
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Urban Republic is a newcomer in the field of electronic retail, starting in 2016 Urban Republic is here to meet the needs of urban communities in big cities in Indonesia. The presence of Urban Republic is not widely known by urban people who actively use social media, this is based on the comparison of Urban Republic's Instagram followers with competitors who are far away. This research was conducted based on the background of the problem and the aim was to find out the marketing public relations strategy used by Urban Republic in building brand awareness to balance out competitors in the electronic retail sector and how to communicate Urban Republic's marketing public relations strategy to the audience in building brand awareness. Qualitative research methods and descriptive research types were used, the data were collected through in-depth interviews with selected informants using the purposive sampling technique. The selected research informants were Urban Republic's public relations, Urban Republic area head, and one of Urban Republic's Instagram followers. The results of this study found that Urban Republic is a retail brand that houses many brands, therefore the strategies used by public relations are diverse and flexible so that they can be used on all brands that are shaded. Urban Republic communicates its marketing public relations strategy through soft-selling communications, namely by press releases, press conferences, and launching events from the shaded brands.
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Timofeev, Dmitry V. « THE CONCEPT OF “REPUBLIC” IN PUBLIC SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 19TH CENTURY ». Ural Historical Journal 76, no 3 (2022) : 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-93-102.
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On the basis of the comparative and contextual analysis of publications in the Russian periodicals of the first quarter of the 19th century the article reconstructs the methods of argumentation used in the course of public discussion of ideals and practice of republicanism. Theoretical approaches of the modern history of concepts are used as methodological tools to reveal the ideas of contemporaries about the essence of the republic, the reasons for its emergence and decline, the nature of the relationship between citizens and the state. The intellectual context of Russia’s republican discourse was built on the basis of combination of two space-time prospects — historical experience of the republics of the ancient world and the description of options of the embodiment of the republican idea in France, the modern small states, and “the Republic of the Connected American Areas”. In public space of Russia of the first quarter of the 19th century the republicanism remained an important element of a discourse “about the best form of communal life” which starting point was a statement about the paramount importance of moral qualities of subjects/citizens and the monarch for steady functioning of power institutes. Such interpretation of the republican idea in Russia caused a shift from a question of the institutional embodiment of the republic to reflections about a possibility of combination of republicanism as the ideas of joint action of patriotic citizens, their partnership in “common cause” with historically developed monarchic form of government.
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Puigsech, J. F. « Bilateral Relations Between Spain and the USSR During the Civil War Under Pressure From the International Brigades ». Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 11, no 2 (18 juillet 2023) : 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-2-154-167.
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The political line established by the VII Congress of the Communist International had a profound impact on the bilateral relations between the Spanish Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the Spanish Civil War. In this case, the monographic example of the International Brigades is eloquent, being a sign of the transformation of the defensive logic of the VII Congress of the Communist International into an offensive logic. The context of the start of the Spanish Civil War meant a change of scenery for the logic of the VII Congress of the Communist International, whose most emblematic response from a symbolic point of view was the creation and management of the International Brigades. The directive authorities of the Communist International, as well as the Spanish republican authorities, had to face a complex network of balances to maintain bilateral relations between the Spanish Republic and the USSR so that the presence of the International Brigades was not perceived as an element of interference of the USSR in the political and military evolution of the Spanish Republic.
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Ahmad, Jawad. « Slowakische Republik (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea BV (C.J.E.U.) ». International Legal Materials 58, no 5 (juin 2019) : 1101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2019.39.
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On March 6, 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) found in Slowakische Republik (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea B.V. that the arbitration agreement contained in the 1991 Agreement on Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (BIT) had an adverse effect on the autonomy of EU law and, thus, was incompatible with EU law. This important decision has ignited a debate on the compatibility of other arbitration agreements in both intra-EU bilateral investment treaties (intra-EU BITs) and in the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) with EU law.
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Hrdina, Ivan. « Focus on the Czech Republic / Schwerpunkt Tschechische Republik ». Geomechanics and Tunnelling 6, no 2 (avril 2013) : 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/geot.201390018.
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International Monetary Fund. « Czech Republic, Republic of Estonia, Hungary, Republic of Latvia, Republic of Lithuania, Republic of Poland, Slovak Republic, and Republic of Slovenia : Export Structure and Credit Growth ». IMF Staff Country Reports 06, no 414 (2006) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451807110.002.
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Shkel, Stanislav. « Bastions of Tradition : The Ethnic Factor and Political Machines in Russian Regions ». Russian Politics 4, no 1 (27 février 2019) : 76–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00401004.
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The regional machines created by the Russian governors in the mid-1990s turned out to be most effective in the ethnic republics. This phenomenon is supported by several facts, with the primary as follows: the density of the patronage networks among the rural ethnic minorities, and the economic heritage of the Soviet period and ethnical institutionalization. These factors allowed regional elites to integrate ethnic minorities into the clientelism structure to distribute symbolic and material benefits in exchange for their electoral support. However, at present, the federal authorities have considerably reduced the autonomy of the ethnic republics and deprived them of many ethnic preferences. Basing on the analysis of the electoral statistics from the Russian Presidential Election of 2018, this article researches the political consequences caused by the changed relationship between the center and the regions, as well as the changes in functioning of regional political machines in the circumstances where the governors’ institutional and resource autonomy has been reduced. The data analysis allowed for the discovery of the diversified electoral behavior of ethnic minorities in different republics. The reasons for the above diversification have been explained based on a comparative analysis of five case studies (the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Komi Republic, the Chuvash Republic, and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)).
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Cerqueira, Marcone Costa. « Machiavelli and republicanism in Elizabethan England ». Griot : Revista de Filosofia 21, no 2 (2 juin 2021) : 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31977/grirfi.v21i2.2386.
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The purpose of this succinct work is to present N. Machiavelli's classic republican view from his proposition of an inevitable paradox, the founding of an expansionist republic, difficult to govern, or the founding of a stable, but small and weak republic. Such a paradox, according to Machiavelli, should direct and condition all the constitutive devices of the republic when choosing what will be its destiny as a political body. The model of republic preferred by the Florentine will be the expansionist model of Rome, leading him to assume all the devices that gave this republic its power. From this presentation of the Machiavellian proposition, we will analyse the assimilation of republican thought in England from the Elizabethan period, as well as the political-social scenario that exists there. This itinerary will allow us to understand, in general, why classical republicanism was received on English soil from the perspective of establishing a mixed, stable government, thus favouring the spread of the Venice myth as a serene republic and delaying the use, even that mitigated, of the republican presuppositions expressed in the Machiavellian work that directed towards a Roman model.
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Milaeva, Oksana V. « Features of electoral models in the national republics of the Siberian Federal district (2007–2019) ». LOCUS people society cultures meaning 11, no 3 (2020) : 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2988-2020-11-3-100-119.
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The purpose of the article is to describe electoral models in the national republics of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. The elections of the federal, regional and local levels in the republics of Tyva, Altai, Khakassia (2007–2019) are analyzed. The study is based on statistical and comparative analysis methods for three groups of indicators: 1) statistics on voter turnout and the level of support for the «United Russia» party; 2) socio-economic indicators of regional development; 3) ethnic localization of the population and the level of urbanization. The sources of research are official statistics, electoral statistics of republican election commissions. The results of the analysis allow us to identify the characteristics and differences in the electoral models of the republics based on the analyzed indicators. The Republic of Tyva represents the most conservative clientist political model with signs of institutionalization. The pattern of traditionalist electoral behavior of ethnically localized and low-urbanized communities with a high density of social ties and personal contacts, administratively controlled due to financial dependence on the Central budget and subsidies, is constantly reproduced. The Altai Republic is a less conservative model associated with the demonstrated electoral absenteeism of the majority ofthe voters. The active part of the electorate has a tendency to transform electoral patterns over the course of two cycles. The electoral patterns of the Republic of Khakassia demonstrate a non-conformist electoral pattern of the active electorate, which is due to the lower dependence of the population on budget transfers and social payments, and a higher level of income than in other republics under consideration. It should be noted that the level of support for the ruling party has gradually decreased, even with the most administrated and clientist voting patterns, and that absentee electoral behavior patterns have been transformed into a more active political position expressed through protest voting.
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Bogatova, Olga A. « Social development of regional capital cities as the factor of republican identity (de)stabilization in estimations of the population and experts (based on research in Izhevsk and Saransk) ». Historical Ethnology 9, no 3 (24 juillet 2024) : 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/he.2024-9-3.397-412.
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Based on the analysis of the results of qualitative and quantitative sociological research, the article characterises the influence of the center-peripheral stratification of regions on the stability degree of the social identity of the population in the capitals of the republics within the Russian Federation – on the example of Saransk, the administrative center of the Republic of Mordovia, and Izhevsk, the administrative center of the Udmurt Republic. The author evaluates the differences in the central-peripheral self-identification of the elites and the population of the republics, due to differences in the “scale effect” of the resource provision of the republics, as a significant component of the metropolitan identity of the central cities of the republics as “centers for the implementation of other people’s initiatives.” For example, the status of Izhevsk as the largest city is expressed not only in its comparison to medium-sized cities in the Udmurt Republic, but also in competition with large industrial cities in other regions. The contrast example of the negative impact of the scale effect is demonstrated by Mordovia as a relatively small (with a population of less than a million people) and low-resource region with its capital city of Saransk. The formation of a highly polarized population structure in such a region with a single large city in the absence of medium-sized ones does not prevent a negative comparison with the capital cities of more developed and large regions, forming an idea of their own non-competitiveness and periphery in relation to the largest cities, along with a willingness to join the administrative regions they manage, even at the cost of losing their central status. The results of the study explain the phenomenon of blurring the republican identity among the population of the capital cities of some republics and the dysfunction in their social development, which is expressed in their transformation from the “locomotives of modernization” of the republics into the donors of human resources for more developed regions.
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Shabaev, Yuri P., et Natalija P. Mironova. « THE PHENOMENON OF UDMURTIA–2 : YOUTH VS ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURS ». ISSUES OF ETHNOPOLITICS, no 1 (2020) : 94–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-7041-2020-1-94-116.
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The article analyses the processes of ethnocultural and ethnopolitical development in Udmurtia and is based on the analysis of statistical materials, data from sociological studies, and other sources of information. The main souses of information for the work are the series of surveys conducted in 2017–2019 in the national republics of the Russian Federation carries out as a part of the program developed by the IEA RAS (or by analogy with it). The object of the study is the Udmurt Republic, as long as recent events and previous observations turned the region into a model “training ground” for studying ethnocultural and ethnopolitical processes in republics with a Finno-Ugric population. Previously, we have summarized some of the prior observations in numerous publications, including the multivolume series “The Phenomenon of Udmurtia”. The results of the recent studies are closely correlated with the data of previous sociological surveys. Thus we are able to define and to access the main trends of ethnocultural and ethnopolitical processes that take place in the Republic as well as in the other subjects of the Russian Federation, where Finno-Ugric peoples live. The analysis of the ethno-political situation in the republic shows that the demand for integration policy in the republican community is more than obvious. But the policy of civic integration needs to be activated, because so far it does not have a significant impact on public sentiment.
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Yekelchyk, Serhy. « When Stalin's Nations Sang : Writing the Soviet Ukrainian Anthem (1944–1949) ». Nationalities Papers 31, no 3 (septembre 2003) : 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0090599032000115510.
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In February 1944, as the victorious Red Army was preparing to clear the Nazi German forces from the rest of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, a surprise official announcement stunned the population. The radio and the newspapers announced amendments to the Soviet constitution, which would enable the union republics to establish their own armies and maintain diplomatic relations with foreign states. While the Kremlin did not elaborate on the reasons for such a reform, Radianska Ukraina, the republic's official newspaper, proceeded to hail the announcement as “a new step in Ukrainian state building.” Waxing lyrical, the paper wrote that “every son and every daughter of Ukraine” swelled with national pride upon learning of the new rights that had been granted to their republic. In reality, the public was confused. In Ukraine's capital, Kiev, the secret police recorded details of rumors to the effect that the USA and Great Britain had forced this reform on Stalin and that Russians living in Ukraine would be forced to assimilate or to leave the republic. Even some party-appointed propagandists erred in explaining that the change was necessitated by the fact that Ukraine's “borders have widened and [it] will become an independent state.”
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Borgoiakova, Tamara G., Aurika V. Guseinova et Karina A. Pokoiakova. « Languages of Minority Ethnic Groups of Southern Siberia : Status-Discursive Representation in the Socio-Cultural Context ». Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 19, no 3 (30 septembre 2022) : 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2022-19-3-439-452.
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The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the status-discursive representation of the indigenous languages on the example of the Republics of Southern Siberia with the involvement of empirical sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic material. The presence of zones of social consensus in the conditions of the trilingual communicative space of the republics, which is organized according to a single model “two state languages (Russian and titular) + language/languages of the respective indigenous ethnic groups”, is revealed. They are due to the common legal support of indigenous nations and their languages in the international and Russian official discourse, as well as the positive perception of minority ethnic groups in associative portrayal by speakers of the respective republican state languages. The prospects for minimizing the exclusion zones of contacting peoples refer to the inclusion of measures of more active support of the indigenous idioms in the relevant legal acts of the republican level. Certain zones of problematizing of socio-cultural mutual understanding in the Altai Republic are associated with a higher level of adherence of the Chelkans to their native idiom compared to loyalty to the second state language of their republic (Altai), which may be due to the actualization of their need for a correlation of ethnic and linguistic status, which is absent among Shors and Tuvan Todzhans.
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Людмила Владиславовна, Клименко. « DYNAMICS OF ETHNO-GENDER ATTITUDES OF THE POPULATION OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN THE SOCIAL-PROFESSIONAL SPHERE ». STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 4, no 4 (décembre 2021) : 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2021-1-4-214-219.
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The article analyses the dynamics of gender attitudes of the South Russian population using the material of the repeated comparative sociological research conducted from 2004 to 2020. In the article the author analyses the attitude to the possibilities of career promotion for the female population in education, medicine, business, finance, production, politics and security agencies. In the conformist republics (the Republic of Ingushetia, the Republic of Dagestan) there is an increasing conservative trend, whereas the transitive republics (the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic) are described by the approving stable attitude among the female and growing neutral attitude among the male population. Although, gender attitudes of the title nation in the Republic of Adygea are inclined to the conformist’s pole. Modernized orientations and gender subgroups coming closer within the given attitudes have been detected in Rostov region over the number of years. In general, a substantial part of the female population of various South Russian subregions is targeted at the deconstruction of traditional gender display. Simultaneously there is an incongruity of ethno-territorial segments within the attitudes towards the female socio-professional ambitions, which turns into the factor hindering societal integration of the multicultural South of Russia.
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Людмила Владиславовна, Клименко. « DYNAMICS OF ETHNO-GENDER ATTITUDES OF THE POPULATION OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN THE SOCIAL-PROFESSIONAL SPHERE ». STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 4, no 4 (décembre 2021) : 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2021-1-4-214-219.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article analyses the dynamics of gender attitudes of the South Russian population using the material of the repeated comparative sociological research conducted from 2004 to 2020. In the article the author analyses the attitude to the possibilities of career promotion for the female population in education, medicine, business, finance, production, politics and security agencies. In the conformist republics (the Republic of Ingushetia, the Republic of Dagestan) there is an increasing conservative trend, whereas the transitive republics (the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic) are described by the approving stable attitude among the female and growing neutral attitude among the male population. Although, gender attitudes of the title nation in the Republic of Adygea are inclined to the conformist’s pole. Modernized orientations and gender subgroups coming closer within the given attitudes have been detected in Rostov region over the number of years. In general, a substantial part of the female population of various South Russian subregions is targeted at the deconstruction of traditional gender display. Simultaneously there is an incongruity of ethno-territorial segments within the attitudes towards the female socio-professional ambitions, which turns into the factor hindering societal integration of the multicultural South of Russia.
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Abbate, Michele. « La Repubblica di Platone nell’esegesi simbolica, e metafisico-teologica di Proclo ». ΠΗΓΗ/FONS 2, no 1 (14 décembre 2017) : 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/fons.2017.3853.
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Riassunto: Delle diverse tematiche affrontate da Proclo nella sua articolata interpretazione della Repubblica di Platone, il saggio propone una disamina di alcune fra quelle che appaiono particolarmente significative per comprendere in quale direzione proceda complessivamente l’esegesi procliana del dialogo platonico: lo σκοπός (ossia l’argomento principale) e l’impianto simbolico della Repubblica (dissertazione I); la natura, la funzione e il ruolo della giustizia secondo l’esegesi procliana (dissertazioni III e VII-VIII); l’esame e la critica delle obiezioni mosse da Aristotele alla Repubblica di Platone (dissertazione XVII).Parole chiave: Proclo, Platone, Aristotele, Repubblica, skopós, giustiziaAbstract: Among the various themes faced by Proclus in his articulated interpretation of Plato’s Republic, this essay offers an examination of some of those that appear particularly significant in order to understand what direction Proclus’ exegesis of this dialogue takes: the σκοπός (the main argument) and the symbolic system of the Republic (dissertation I); the nature, function and role of justice according to Proclus’ exegesis (dissertations III and VII-VIII); the examination and criticism of the objections raised by Aristotle to Plato’s Republic (dissertation XVII).Keywords: Proclus, Plato, Aristotle, Republic, skopós, justice
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Ujazdowski, Kazimierz M. « Ocalenie Republiki. Charles de Gaulle wobec tradycji republikańskiej (1940-1946) ». Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 64, no 2 (31 octobre 2018) : 211–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cph.2012.64.2.09.
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Contrary to the common belief, the Fifth Republic could not be established as a Republican monarchy. In France the idea of a republic was created by the French Revolution and its values were shaped in the fundamental confrontation with the monarchist tradition. The specifically understood idea of a nation’s sovereignty the formation of which was influenced by Rousseau’s though, as well as the ideas of the indivisibility and lay character of the republic, constituted a completely new model of statehood. In such a situation, the synthesis of antagonistic traditions was not possible. Although de Gaulle had been brought up in a family of pro-monarchist attitudes, he followed the state patriotism idea and was a supporter of the Republic as a durable basis for France’s existence. His views matured under the influence of French Republican nationalists Charles a Peguy and Maurice Barres, who inspired young de Gaulle and shaped his state patriotism. Later in his life de Gaulle’s idea was not so much to reconcile the monarchist and the republican tradition, but to create a republic that would integrate different families of ideas. This concept was also induced by manner of understanding the role of Christian obligations due to the public sphere. Following the spirit of the Catholic-liberal “Correspondent” de Gaulle believed that in the world shaped by the Revolution’s heritage Christian ideas do not need to be deemed to be defeated. During World War II, de Gaulle, then the leader of Free France, consistently strengthened the French Republican tradition in the Vichy dispute. In the years 1944-1946, as head of the temporary government, he made sure that Republican principles constituted the foundations of the post-war France. De Gaulle developed the state model of economy and the social character of the French republic. His decisions laid the Republican principles in the French Constitution and refer clearly to the Declaration of Human and Civil Rights of 1989 in both French post war constitutions. That is why the 5th Republic could only be established as an institutional variation within the framework of the Republican axiology.
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Pavlova, T. Yu, A. L. Sukhomyasova, N. I. Douglas, V. K. Titova et T. E. Burtseva. « Role of Republican Perinatal Council in reducing infant mortality rate in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) ». Perm Medical Journal 39, no 6 (6 janvier 2023) : 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj39684-89.
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Objective. To analyze the work of the Republican Perinatal Council in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the work of the Republican Perinatal Council in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 20182021 was carried out.
Results. A total of 1553 women were sent to the RPC in 20182021. The proportion of group 2 women with changes in biochemical screening, chromosomal and hereditary fetal pathology increased. According to the results of RPC, the routing of pregnant woman is clearly worked out. The effectiveness of RPC can be estimated by the infant mortality rate in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (2021 3.6 %).
Conclusions. The work of the Republican Perinatal Council, strict control over the observance of the stages of obstetric care, the introduction of routing sheets in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the concentration of pregnant women and women at high risk for maternal and perinatal pathology in third-level institutions allowed to reduce an early neonatal mortality, infant mortality.
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Langewiesche, Dieter. « Monarchy–Global. Monarchical Self-Assertion in a Republican World ». Journal of Modern European History 15, no 2 (mai 2017) : 280–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2017-2-280.
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Monarchy – Global. Monarchical Self-Assertion in a Republican World In 1793, the French republic saw the guillotining of two royal heads. In 1934, Winston Churchill spoke of the «holocaust of crowns» within his lifetime. Today, the British Queen presides over the Commonwealth, which comprises mostly republics. At the same time, there have been calls a return of the kings to republics with respect to Africa. How is this astonishing self-assertion of the institutional monarchy to be explained, and why has the antagonism between the monarchy and the republic disappeared? This will be discussed in a paper through a global perspective. Churchill was convinced: «No institution pays such dividends as the monarchy. » What dividends were earned, and for whom? What has the global presence of European states meant for the institution of the monarchy in Europe, in imperial spaces, and in decolonisation? In order to be able to analyse this issue, our study questions the legitimacy which had been both accorded to and claimed by the institution monarchy. Does monarchical legitimacy differ in Europe, Asia and Africa? Why did monarchies survived while other states and empires were created and then destroyed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? The study places three areas in the center of our consideration: the role of the monarchy as the emotional center of the nation and the empire; monarchy as a polycentric rule; and lastly, monarchy as the institutionalisation of permanence in change. Finally, the study will discuss how a comparative assessment and review of the performances by the monarchy and the republic might look.
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Hafi, Fikri La, et Budiman Budiman. « Penerapan Asas Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis dan Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia ». AL-IHKAM : Jurnal Hukum & ; Pranata Sosial 12, no 1 (6 août 2017) : 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v12i1.1200.
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Tulisan ini mengkaji Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Bank Indonesia, yang berlaku umum. Sedangkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah, berlaku khusus. Penerapan asas lex specialis derogat legi generali menegaskan bahwa Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 memiliki kedudukan lebih kuat dibandingkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 yang berlaku umum. Keberlakuan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 mengokohkan eksistensi perbankan syariah untuk leluasa menjalankan aktivitas dan produk-produknya. Di samping itu, apabila merujuk kepada Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 1999, maka penyelesaian sengketa perbankan syariah dapat ditempuh melalui dua cara yaitu, pengadilan negeri dan badan arbitrase. Namun setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Pasal 55, dengan jelas disebutkan bahwa pengadilan yang berwenang melaksanakan putusan Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional (Basyarnas) dan menyelesaikan sengketa perbankan syariah adalah pengadilan agama.(This paper reviews the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23/2004 regarding Amendment to the Act Number 10/1998 concerning Indonesia Bank, which is in effect generally. On the other hand, the Act number 21/2008 regarding sharia banking applies more specifically. The application of lex specialis derogat legi generali principle confirms that the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21/2008 has a stronger position than the Law Number 23/2004, which is generally in effect. The enforcement of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21/2008 affirms the existence of sharia banking to freely run its activities and products. In addition, when referring to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30/1999, the resolution of Islamic banking disputes can be done through two ways, namely, the district court and the arbitration body. However, after the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21/2008, Article 55 comes into effect, it is clearly stated that the court authorized to enforce the decision of the National Sharia Arbitration Board (Basyarnas) and settle the disputes over sharia banking is a religious court)
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Fishel, V. C. « Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Republic County and Northern Cloud County, Kansas ». Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey), no 73 (23 janvier 2025) : 1–194. https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.73.21996.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report describes the geography, geology, and ground-water resources of Republic County and northern Cloud County in north-central Kansas. The area embraces a total of 25 townships, or 899 square miles. The area is drained by the Republican River and its tributaries. The climate is subhumid, the average annual precipitation being about 26 inches. Wheat farming, cattle raising, and general farming are the principal occupations in the area. The rocks exposed in Republic County and northern Cloud County are of Cretaceous and Quaternary age. The areal distribution of the formations is shown in Plate 1. The oldest formation cropping out in the area is the Dakota formation of Cretaceous age, which is exposed in the southeastern part of Republic County and in northern Cloud County. The overlying Graneros shale and Greenhorn limestone of Cretaceous age are best. exposed in the eastern and southern parts of Republic County along the edges of the streams where the overlying Carlile shale has been eroded away. The Carlile shale mantles the upland areas in the west-central, central, and eastern parts of Republic County. The Pleistocene deposits, which include the Belleville formation, and the loess deposits, comprise the surface materials in a large area in northern Republic County. The soils and alluvium are the youngest deposits in the area. Test drilling revealed that the ancestral Republican River channel entered Republic County 5 miles south of the Nebraska State line, crossed the present channel near Republic City, and entered Nebraska near Chester. The report contains a map showing by contours the shape and slope of the water table in the Republican River Valley and in the ancestral Republican River Valley. The map shows that ground water moves into the Republican Valley from both sides. The depth to the water table ranges from less than 10 feet in the Republican Valley to more than 100 feet in the upland in northern Republic County. The ground-water reservoir is recharged principally by precipitation that falls within the area, by the addition of water from Republican River, and by underflow from adjacent areas. Water is discharged from the ground-water reservoir by seepage into Republican River, by underflow eastward and southward into adjacent areas, by transpiration and evaporation in areas of shallow water table, and by wells. All of the domestic, stock, and public water supplies and a part of the irrigation water supplies are obtained from wells. Most of the domestic and stock wells in the Republican Valley are driven. Most of the wells on the upland are drilled or bored. The use of ground water for irrigation has barely started. At the time of the field investigation there were only four active irrigation wells in the Republican River Valley in Cloud and Republic counties. Five other wells formerly were used for irrigation. The ground water in the alluvium and the Belleville formation is hard but it is generally suitable for most ordinary uses. In local areas in northern Cloud County it is highly mineralized. Waters from the Dakota formation in the outcrop areas are relatively soft but they are generally highly mineralized in other areas. The field data upon which most of this report is based are given in tables, and include records of 291 wells and chemical analyses of the water from 58 wells. Logs of 126 test holes are also given.
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Arestova, Veronika Jur'evna. « Ethnocultural Relations in the Republics of the Middle-Volga Region ». Ethnic Culture 3, no 4 (25 décembre 2021) : 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-99742.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The information presented in the article describes the results of the sociological survey of ethnic and cultural relations in the Ethnic Republics of the Volga Federal District, namely the Chuvash Republic and the Mari El Republic. The purpose of the research was to highlight issues concerning some aspects of ethnic culture, specifically intercultural communication among young people (of 16–30 years old) in Cheboksary (the capital city of the Chuvash Republic) and Yoshkar-Ola (the capital city of the Mari El Republic). The research was focused on revealing the tolerant or intolerant, respectful or disrespectful attitude of native young people (representatives of the prevalent ethnicity) to other ethnic groups. The study was conducted using the methods of interviewing by means of computer-assisted web questionnaire. The answers were collected from university students. In conclusion, it was established that in general, native people from the Chuvash Republic and the Mari El Republic are non-conflict, tolerant and friendly.
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Safina, Svetlana Borisovna. « Stability of the Constitutions of the Republics within the Russian Federation : theoretical and practical aspects ». Юридические исследования, no 10 (octobre 2024) : 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2024.10.71882.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The object of the study is the constitutions of the regions (Republics) within the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the properties of stability of the constitutions of the republics within the Russian Federation. These properties of regional constitutions are analyzed taking into account the fact that they are part of the legal system of the Russian Federation and are an element of the Russian legislative system. The article examines the legal foundations enshrined in the constitutions of the republics, the regulatory mechanisms for ensuring the stability of constitutional texts, their practical implementation and the degree of validity of their introduction. The relevant norms of federal legislation and constitutions of the constituent republics of the Russian Federation are analyzed. Based on the analysis of legal sources, theoretical provisions are formulated on the importance of the "rigidity" of constitutional procedures (complicating elements in the procedure for changing constitutions) in ensuring the stability of republican constitutions. The research uses general scientific (logical, analysis and synthesis, etc.) and private scientific legal (comparative legal, formal legal, etc.) methods. The article updates the views on the development of the processes of constitutional changes at the level of the republics within the Russian Federation, taking into account the realities that have occurred. It is noted that the Constitution of the republic, as an act that enshrines the basic, fundamental principles and priorities of the republic's development, should be provided with increased legal protection in order to prevent short-term market changes. The legal protection of the Constitution includes, among other things, a complicated procedure for its correction. It is concluded that the republics are independent in this matter, since the federal legislator does not regulate this area. The stability of the republican constitution is largely determined by the federal Constitution and federal legislation, and when choosing the means of "rigidity" of constitutional procedures, it is necessary to take into account the nature of republican norms: whether they reproduce, concretize or complement federal ones.
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Imaizumi, Yoko. « Constant multiple birth rates in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic until recently, 1972–1995 ». Twin Research 2, no 1 (1 février 1999) : 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.2.1.10.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractUsing vital statistics, yearly changes in the twinning and triplet rates by zygosity were investigated in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic during the period 1972–1995. Monozygotic (MZ) twinning rates in both countries had remained nearly constant (about 3 per 1000 total births) during that period. With a few exceptions, the dizygotic (DZ) twinning rates remained constant from 1972 to 1994, and increased in 1995 for both countries. MZ twinning rates for both countries were the lowest in Europe. As for triplet rates, overall rates increased significantly year by year in the Czech Republic, but not in the Slovak Republic. The triplet rate was significantly higher in 1995 than in the period 1972–1982 for both countries. The MZ triplet rate remained constant during that period in the Czech Republic. The trizygotic (TZ) triplet rates increased 3-fold for the Czech Republic and 4-fold for the Slovak Republic in 1972–1976 and 1992–1995. In the later period, the TZ rate was 1.5-fold higher in the Czech Republic than in the Slovak Republic. The quadruplet rate increased 2.3-fold from 2.9 per million births in 1982–1986 to 6.7 in 1992–1995 in the Czech Republic. The corresponding values were 2.7, 2.20 and 5.9-fold in the Slovak Republic. Both the Czech and the Slovak Republics were not affected by fertility drugs and assisted reproductive techniques until recently.
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SAT, Saidasha A. « An analysis of the poverty rate of population : Evidence from the Tyva Republic ». Regional Economics : Theory and Practice 20, no 7 (14 juillet 2022) : 1269–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.20.7.1269.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Subject. This article analyzes the economic situation of the Tyva Republic. Objectives. The article aims to develop measures aimed at alleviating the poverty rate in the Tyva Republic. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis. Results. The article describes the main causes of poverty in the Tyva Republic and presents a model of dependence of the living standards of the Republic's population on various types of government support. Conclusions. The implementation of major investment projects in various areas of the economy of the Tyva Republic will contribute to poverty reduction.
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Strobel, Joanna. « Koncepcje merkantylistyczne a ich wykorzystanie w Republice Zjednoczonych Prowincji ». Prawo 321 (31 décembre 2016) : 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.321.6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mercantilist concepts and their application in the Republic of the Seven United Provinces The Republic of the Seven United Provinces is seen in the literature as astate favouring free trade, which enabled it to achieve adominant position in colonial trade between the 16th and 18th centuries. However, even this country used mercantilism-inspired solutions. Given the specific nature of its economy, the Republic was particularly attached to apositive balance of trade. On the other hand, it undertook short-term actions in line with the principle of interventionism and protectionist customs policy — guided on each occasion by particular interests of groups holding power. Consequently, the Republic used the principles of mercantilism only to an extent it found suitable in a given political and economic situation.Merkantilistische Konzepte und ihre Verwendung in der Republik der Vereinigten ProvinzenDie Republik der Vereinigten Provinzen wird aktuell in der Literatur als ein Staat gesehen, der die Handelsfreiheit förderte und was dazu führte, dass er zwischen dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert die dominierende Position im Kolonialhandel einnehmen konnte. Jedoch auch in diesem Land nutzte man die Lösungen des Merkantilismus. Wegen der Eigenartigkeit ihrer Wirtschaft waren für die Republik die Grundsätze der aktiven Handelsbilanz besonders wichtig. Ihre Übergangshandlungen entsprachen dagegen dem Interventionalismus und der protektionistischen Zollpolitik — sie richtete sich immer an die partikulären Interessen der regierenden Gruppierungen. Infolgedessen nutzte die Republik die Grundsätze des Merkantilismus nur in dem Grade, der für sie in der gegebenen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Lage günstig war.
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Wileman, Donald G. « Not the Radical republic : liberal ideology and central blandishment in France, 1901–1914 ». Historical Journal 37, no 3 (septembre 1994) : 593–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00014898.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACTMadeleine Rebérioux was right to wonder whether France was truly a ‘Radical republic’ in the years between the Dreyfus affair and the Great War. Archives only opened or explored since Rebérioux published in 1975, and the re-interpretation of older newspaper sources, show that control of the Third Republic was still hotly contested in those years. The Radicals tried to build a republic in their own image, but in a situation where left and right were closely balanced, they were almost always foiled. Crucial to this process was a politically republican but socially conservative centre – best typified by the A.R.D. The A.R.D. wanted a Third Republic frankly favourable to the interests of big business. Since it held the parliamentary balance of power between the left and a right only partly republican, it generally got its way. Statistical sources also support this interpretation.
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Styazhkina, S. N., et R. M. Idiatullin. « Thyroid tumors in iodine deficiency region ». Perm Medical Journal 36, no 5 (21 décembre 2019) : 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj36558-64.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aim. To analyze the epidemiological indices of thyroid tumors in iodine deficiency region.
Materials and methods. The morbidity and mortality of thyroid cancer in Udmurt Republic was analyzed using the data of state statistical accounting documentation of Republican Information Analytical Center and Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary named after S.G. Primushko for 10 years (20072018).
Results. In 2018, one hundred thirty two persons in Udmurt Republic were diagnosed thyroid cancer for the first time, 40 (30.6 %) of them had advanced process. Thyroid cancer morbidity in Udmurt Republic increased from 5.39 cases per 100 000 in 2007 to 8.7 cases per 100 000 in 2018. A twenty-year gain was 61.4%. According to prognosis, thyroid cancer morbidity in Udmurt Republic in 2023 will reach 10.23 cases per 100 000 of the population.
Conclusions. According to prognosis, during the next 5 years the level of thyroid cancer morbidity in Udmurt Republic will be growing. Middle-aged women more often suffer from thyroid cancer. It should cause oncologic alarm in this group of the population, especially in iodine deficiency regions.