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1
Knezevic, Blazenka, Sanda Renko et Nikola Knego. « CHANGES IN RETAIL INDUSTRY IN THE EU ». Business, Management and Education 9, no 1 (22 juin 2011) : 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2011.03.
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Retail is an important industry of each national economy. In the EU, it is an important source of employment and significantly contributes to the GDP creation. Moreover, almost one fifth of all companies are registered in retail industry. In the past decade, retail industry is changing from applying domestically oriented towards internationally oriented business strategies. The importance of large companies is this industry is growing, too. Retail trade concentration process is recognized in all EU countries. In this paper, some of prevailing trends in retail industry are analyzed and explained. The analysis includes EU countries and Croatia as EU candidate country.
2
Gómez, Miguel I., Vithala R. Rao et Edward W. Mclaughlin. « Empirical Analysis of Budget and Allocation of Trade Promotions in the U.S. Supermarket Industry ». Journal of Marketing Research 44, no 3 (août 2007) : 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.44.3.410.
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Using a unique data set, the authors examine the role of manufacturer and retailer characteristics in the joint determination of trade promotion budgets for supermarket brands and their allocation across trade promotion types. They find that manufacturer variables, such as brand position in retailer product category and brand price premium, and annual retailer sales determine trade promotion budgets. Furthermore, retail companies with larger shares of private labels in product category sales, larger annual sales, and stronger brand positioning are able to increase the allocation of promotional funds to off-invoices and decrease allocation to performance-based trade promotions, such as scanbacks/ accruals and billbacks. Manufacturers with formal trade promotion policies tend to decrease allocation to off-invoices. The authors discuss marketing policy implications of this study and provide research directions.
3
Baranova, S., L. P. Golovina, E. Lidinfa et A. Panin. « Staff motivation as a growth factor labor productivity and efficiency in the service sector ». Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), no 3 (1 mars 2021) : 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2103-01.
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The scientifi c article deals with the organization of the functioning of retail retail companies. The possibility of using marketing tools in personnel management in the "Trade" industry is shown. Recommendations are given for the formation of key Performance Indicators (KPI) when evaluating the quality of professional tasks performed by employees in the industry. The analytical basis confi rming the signifi cance, relevance and need to adjust the terms of use of the KPI system in the Trade industry was the offi cial information posted on the websites of retail retail companies and customer reviews of the Austin LLC, Zolla LLC and Gloria Jeans JSC store chains. The scientifi c article presents the author’s subjective opinion on the degree of customer satisfaction with the organization of the functioning of retail retail companies included in the research base
4
Kita, J., K. Máziková, M. Grossmanová et P. Kita. « Trade practices of retail chains as far as the transaction cost analysis in relationships manufacturer – retailer are concerned in the milk industry ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 6 (14 juin 2012) : 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/61/2011-agricecon.
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The primary purpose of this article is to discuss the trade practices used by retail chains from the point of view of the possible solutions of conflicts between the members of the distribution channel, which have an influence on selling prices for the end users. It is based on the knowledge of the theory of the transaction cost analysis, which makes it possible for the members of the distribution channel to make decisions on the number of forms of the organization in order to realize their activities successfully. In this framework and using the example of milk, the article shows the trade practices of retail chains to improve the relationships manufacturer – retailer in the Slovak consumer market.
5
Pomarici, E., et R. Vecchio. « The Italian olive oil industry in the global competitive scenario ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 8 (28 août 2013) : 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8/2013-agricecon.
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The current paper analyzes the reasons behind the difficulties of the Italian olive oil industry to compete in the world markets. The analysis highlights that these complexities can be related with two core factors: stagnant demand in the main producer/consumer countries and strong competition arising from the Spanish olive oil industry increasingly involved also in processing and trade. In addition, these weakness factors are boosted by the market power exerted by large retail chains that are now the main channel in which olive oil is retailed in the domestic market.
6
Danylo, Svitlana. « Efficiency of innovations in retail trade ». Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no 3(137) (2020) : 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-3-8.
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The trade is the most important area of forming and stabilizing of consumer market, the coordinating link in the system of cross-sectoral, regional and interregional links and the efficient mechanism of meeting social needs. Retail trade performs the range of important functions in providing the socio-economic development of a region, rational distribution of production forces and resources and forming of financial-investment capacity of territories’ balanced and sustainable growth. However, lack of effective regional policy leads to the shortfall in GRP and industry income, growing problem of import dependency, reduced employment, revenues and labour remuneration, etc. The paper aims to evaluate current condition and trends of retail trade development and to define preconditions of efficient use of innovations in retail trade. Development condition and trends of retail trade in stores are analyzed, the problems of their development are defined and preconditions of efficient use of innovations in retail trade are outlined. Considering innovative development as the process of positive qualitative changes in innovative condition of an enterprise is characterized. Innovations in retail trade are classified by types. Efficient ways to develop retail trade innovations taking into account the crisis situation and to realize them in perspective are suggested. The article proves that trade is one of the most successful areas for introduction of innovations. Innovations introduced in retail trade will not be neglected by consumers and their efficient use improves the efficiency of stores’ activity.
7
Oniha, Kelly. « Financial Modernization Act - Enterprise value and Reputation ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no 11 (30 novembre 2021) : 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38904.
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Abstract: The Financial Service Modernization Act of 1999 has been crucial to the financial service industry ever since its creation. There are two primary reasons this Act was mandated to aid the financial service industry- the merger/barrier reason and consumer privacy reason. This paper evaluates whether this policy has achieved this object and how the effect the policy has had on the financial service industry compares to the non-policy effect on wholesale trade industry, retail trade industry and service industry. This paper finds that this policy is one of the significant reasons, If not the primary reason, for the increase in the Enterprise Value (EV) of firms within the financial service industries over the industries. Furthermore, the findings suggest that customer complaints may have lessened within the financial service industries more than Wholesale and Retail trade industries but not the service industries.
8
Bălășescu, Marius. « INNOVATION IN RETAIL ». SERIES V - ECONOMIC SCIENCES 14(63), no 2 (15 décembre 2021) : 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.es.2021.14.63.2.15.
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This paper proposes an investigation of the trend concerning both to innovation in the field of retail trade and involvement of technology in streamlining the purchasing process, starting from the example given by Amazon- that is, implementing artificial intelligence and sensor-based systems in cashless stores, Amazon Go. The purpose of this scientific approach is to understand the influence of technological developments within the retail field and to analyze the current state of innovation in this industry for a possible shaping of the future buying experience.
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Motta, Rodrigo, et Antonio Vitorino da Silva. « Increase of retail competition and its impact in the industry ». Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 5, no 2 (27 décembre 2007) : 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v5i2.135.
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For a long time, the industries were stronger than retailers, due to its strong brands and multinational range, while retailers were small national companies. A research made with ten executives from the industries showed that in recent years this situation has changed. Pressured for the retailers, now stronger, the industries are having fall in its results. In order to improve this situation, industries reviewed the marketing mix, customizing it to retailers needs. Products and prices were developed for each channel and trade marketing investments increased its values. Organizational structure was adapted to this approach, and industries implemented trade marketing.
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Arafah, Willy. « IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT ON RETAIL INDUSTRY ». Business and Entrepreneurial Review 13, no 2 (11 mai 2017) : 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ber.v13i2.1850.
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The objectives of this paper seek to know how sustainability concept and implementation of the retail industry in Indonesia based on sustainability theoretical framework. The research was conducted in Jakarta (Indonesia), the survey was carried out on the basis of questionnaire that was used as a support during the interviews. A total of 137 Indonesia retail enterprises were involved in the research. The results achieved highlight, how CSR does make business sense in Indonesia context. This process calls for new forms of collaboration involving firms along the supply chain, local authorities, the international player and civil society. The conclusion of this research how CSR become a mandatory requirement for access to the International market, transform itself into a new type of technical barrier to trade. CSR need to be fostered rather than imposed through the creation of innovative partnership and locally rooted solution
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Valeeva, Yu. « Classification of Retail Chain services ». Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 10, no 3 (18 octobre 2021) : 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2021-10-3-55-60.
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The relevance of the development of theoretical provisions for the classification of services of retail trade networks is predetermined by the modern transformation of the trade industry, where the services provided by the chains are formed on the basis of building communications with all participants in the consumer market. The main purpose of the article is to generalize the approach to the classification of services and the implementation of a value-oriented and process approach to the content and identification of the classification features of services of retail trade networks. The article presents modern foreign and domestic approaches to the classification of retail trade services. Certain features are highlighted and the expediency of taking into account the network forms of organizing trade services in the formation of classification signs is indicated. In the presented article, the service of a retail trade network is considered as a result, an action and a process. On the other hand, the retail chain service is viewed through the prism of value for suppliers, end-users and owners on the network. The implementation of the value approach allows taking into account consumer preferences, as well as the interests of the network owners in the development of retail facilities, ensuring the quality of trade services, developing the infrastructure of the territory, paying attention to the requests and proposals of agricultural producers, processors, service providers. which create services according to the format of goods circulation. The application of the process and value approach made it possible to single out the components of the service and propose their own classification. This classification will allow, in the future, to develop an appropriate methodology for assessing the effectiveness of retail trade network services, as well as to develop management decisions at the enterprise level, to build more effective communications with all participants in the consumer market.
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Hecht, Amelie A., Crystal L. Perez, Michele Polascek, Anne N. Thorndike, Rebecca L. Franckle et Alyssa J. Moran. « Influence of Food and Beverage Companies on Retailer Marketing Strategies and Consumer Behavior ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no 20 (10 octobre 2020) : 7381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207381.
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The retail food environment plays an important role in shaping dietary habits that contribute to obesity and other chronic diseases. Food and beverage manufacturers use trade promotion—incentives paid to retailers—to influence how products are placed, priced, and promoted in stores. This review aims to: (1) catalogue trade promotion practices that manufacturers use to influence retailer marketing strategies, and (2) describe how these retailer marketing strategies affect consumer purchasing behavior and attitudes. Researchers searched five databases, Academic Search Ultimate, Business Source Ultimate, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, to identify literature from industry and academic sources published in English through November 2019. Twenty articles describing manufacturer trade promotion practices were synthesized and provided insight into four types of trade promotion practices: category management, slotting allowances, price discounts, and cooperative advertising. Fifty-four articles describing the impact of retailer marketing on consumers were synthesized and graded for quality of evidence. While comparison across studies is challenging, findings suggest that retailer marketing strategies, such as price promotions and prominent placement, lead to increased sales. Results can guide efforts by policymakers, public health practitioners, and food retailers to design retail environments that improve healthy eating while maintaining retailer financial interests. Additional research should measure the impact of retailer marketing strategies on consumer diet quality and retailer outcomes (e.g., return-on-investment).
13
Mroczek, Robert. « Pozycja przemysłu spożywczego w łańcuchu żywnościowym w Polsce na przełomie XX/XXI wieku ». Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no 4 (28 décembre 2018) : 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.94.
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The food industry is one of the main elements of the food economy. It is the biggest consumer of raw agricultural materials, and at the same time a primary input into the wholesale trade and retail market. The significance of the food industry is also growing, due to the fact that processing plants often integrate the entities that participate in food manufacturing processes, from the proverbial “field to table.” The high quality of Polish agriculture and the increasing demand for highly-processes foods is adding to the growth of the industry. In recent years, large retail chains have gained an advantage in trade relations (mainly with foreign capital). They often impose conditions for the sale of food suppliers (food companies and agricultural producers).
14
Spoerer, Mark. « Einleitung : Produktion und Verkauf von Kleidung seit dem späten 19. Jahrhundert ». Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 62, no 1 (10 mars 2017) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2017-0001.
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AbstractIntroduction: Production and Sales of Clothing since the End of the 19th CenturyThis paper traces the development of the clothing industry and the clothing retail trade in Germany, and the historiography thereof. In contrast to the textile industry, which experienced substantial technical progress in the course of the industrialization, these industries remained labour intensive. After World War II, the European clothing industry followed cheap labour. Production was relocated in the 1950s from the urban consumption centers to the countryside, in the 60s to the European periphery and in the 70s outside Europe. The German clothing retail trade underwent fundamental change as well, especially in the 30s when many of them were «aryanized». This issue contains five papers on the German and American clothing business.
15
Kavun-Moshkovska, O. O. « Structural and Regional Peculiarities of Developing Retail Trade in Ukraine ». Problems of Economy 3, no 45 (2020) : 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-3-56-64.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the structural and regional peculiarities of developing retail trade in Ukraine during 1990–2019. On the basis of the research the author has come to conclusion that the process of developing retail trade in Ukraine during the years 1990–2018 can be divided into four periods, two of which (2000–2013 and 2016–2018) show positive dynamics of changes in the industry, and the other two (1991–1999 and 2014–2016) reflect the negative consequences of the processes that took place in the country’s economy at that time. The structure of retail trade of the whole period analyzed, with the exception of 1993–2001, was dominated by non-food goods. Their share increased from 55.6 % in 1990 to 61.5 % in 2018. The turnover structure at retail trade enterprises in 2005–2013 varied from region to region: in some regions the volume of retail turnover was increasing, while in others it was shrinking. The analysis has showed that during 2005–2019, the structure of Ukraine’s retail trade turnover was dominated by consumer goods produced in the country, but their share fell from 70.5% to 52.4%. The realization of consumer goods in Ukraine during the period analyzed was carried out mainly through traditional sales channels (i.e., shops). The research has resulted in proving that the share of trade turnover made with payment cards increased from 21.3 % to 30.8 % during 2017–2019. At the same time, retail trade, carried out by way of executing bank loan agreements, accounted for a small share, ranging from 2.2 to 2.4 %. A thorough analysis of the commodity structure of retail trade and that of the regional peculiarities of Ukrainian consumers’ preferences can serve as future research perspectives in this direction.
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Szwacka-Mokrzycka, Joanna, et Grzegorz Letkowski. « Kierunki dostosowań przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych konsumentów ». Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no 4 (28 décembre 2018) : 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.134.
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During the transformation of the Polish economy, the huge changes took place in the distribution system. In 1990 the integrator in the food chain was the food industry. In the second decade of the 21st century, the same function is fulfilled by retail trade. This situation is due to the growing position of transnational corporations in Poland. The main goal of the article is to present the scale and scope of changes in retail trade in Poland and to determine the direction of adaptation of commercial enterprises to consumer purchasing patterns. The starting point of consideration is to present the processes of sector concentrations in 2012-2016. Then, the trends of retail trade during the transformation of the Polish economy were analysed. The next part of the study presents adaptations of trade enterprises to the purchasing patterns of Polish consumers.
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Jany-Catrice, Florence, et Steffen Lehndorff. « Who bears the burden of flexibility ? Working conditions and labour markets in the European retail trade ». Transfer : European Review of Labour and Research 8, no 3 (août 2002) : 504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890200800313.
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The retail trade is currently undergoing fundamental changes in terms of employment, working time, and working conditions, all of which deserve detailed analysis. The present study is focussed on the interaction between efforts of large retail firms at ‘flexibilising’ their workforces on the one hand, and on the existing structures of labour supply on the other. The main result of the study is a sceptical assessment of the current development: work in the retail trade is becoming more stressful and less attractive, and the share of those to whom it serves as the basis for an independent livelihood is decreasing. The labour market in this industry is undergoing major changes in Europe. This state of affairs presents trade unions with extremely intricate challenges, the form of which varies considerably from one country to another.
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Louw, Elmarie, John Hall et Leon Brümmer. « Working capital management of South African retail firms ». Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 9, no 2 (18 décembre 2017) : 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i2.58.
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The way a firm manages its working capital can have a decisive influence on the firm’s profitability and liquidity. In view of the prominent role that the retail industry plays in the South African economy, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of working capital management on the profitability of South African retail firms. Eighteen retail firms that were listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange for a period of nine years (2004-2012) were analysed. The findings show that a strategy of reducing investment in inventory and trade receivables, while increasing trade payables, appears to improve the profitability of South African retail firms. Inventory management seems to have the strongest statistically significant impact on a firm’s profitability. Hence, it is recommended that retail firms implement advanced inventory management systems in order to optimise inventory levels and enhance profitability.
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Karsen, Marisa. « Information Technology (IT) Improvement At PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya ». ComTech : Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no 1 (30 juin 2013) : 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i1.2744.
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Retail industry is the second largest industry after agricultural industry in terms of employment absorption in Indonesia. The situation of the quite dynamic retail industry is marked by the development of modern retail trade and it impacts on traditional markets and suppliers. PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, known as Alfamart is one of the best retail company in Indonesia. It already uses Supply Chain Management and B2B to support their operations. Alfamart also has its own website which provides information about products, outlets, services, and promo. This research discusses about IT improvement. The purpose of this paper is to improve Alfamart IT performance and make innovation on the IT to increase customer satisfaction. The methodology used is defining the problem, measure, analyst problem, improvement required by Alfamart, and control to monitor the implementation. Problems are identified using SWOT analysis, problem clarification, and business model canvas. Analyzing the problems, solution hypotheses and IT improvement are recommended for Alfamart.
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Elmar qızı Hüseynova, Gülnar, et Tapdıq Güləhməd oğlu Həsənov. « The structure, territorial organization and development Dynamics of industries in Guba administrative region ». SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no 04 (23 avril 2021) : 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/387-389.
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The article analyzes the structure, territorial organization and development dynamics of industries in Guba administrative region. The analysis of the complex of natural conditions shows that the basis for the development of industries in the region is the efficient use of local raw materials. However, the underutilization of these opportunities has created certain problems in the complex development of industry in the region as a whole. Despite the rich local natural resources and other opportunities, the share of industrial products in total production very little. As a result of statistical analysis, it was determined that in 2010 the retail trade turnover in the administrative region was 194.1 million manat, but in 2019 it increased to 453.3 million manat. This increase was also reflected in the trade turnover per capita. It is clear from the analysis of statistical data of the relevant years that these indicators amounted to 1253.18 manat and 2625.07 manat. It has also helped increase the share of local products. It was determined that currently the share of local products in the retail trade turnover in the administrative region is 78%. The share of imported products in retail trade turnover is only 22%. Key words: industrial product, in-kind expression of industrial product, industrial structure, retail trade, trade turnover, imported product
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JELEV, Viorica. « FUTURE MODERN RETAIL SOLUTIONS AND SHOPPER EXPERIENCE ». Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 18, no 1 (30 mars 2018) : 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/18111.
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Artificial intelligence and automation will radically change the world, but if we want society to benefit from these changes, we need to properly prepare ourselves through an education tailored to new times. Until the last century, it was the manufacturing industry that created jobs. But today, as a result of the existence of artificial intelligence, robots, the manufacturing industry is no longer the main driver of job creation but the service industry.As competition grows, brand manager imagination needs to work, and sales growth solutions need to focus on customer focus attention. It is a difficult task if all brands offer discounts in the malls they are in, and the announcement of differentiation is put to the attention of specialists who offer solutions for fun of any kind for the clients. The article aims to present the evolution of world trade in recent years and the various ways of diversion invented by retailers to keep customers in store chains longer time for them to buy more.The conclusion of this article will focus on the idea of future trade based on modern technology inside stores, which will lead to profound changes in customer buying behavior.
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Katasonov, I. A. « DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF RETAIL TRADE : ЕFFICIENCY OF AUTOMATION AND ROBOTIZATION OF BUSINESS PROCESSES ». Strategic decisions and risk management 13, no 2 (1 octobre 2022) : 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2022-2-160-170.
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Currently, retail is one of the fastest growing segments of the Russian economy with a noticeable real practical implementation and application of digital solutions. The introduction of digital products covering the trading process confidently brings the industry closer to the leading pool of digitalization industries (banks, ICT, insurance, media, industry, etc.), becoming the main tool in attracting consumers and increasing profits.The article describes the results of an experiment on the introduction of automation for the management of assortment matrices of goods. The positive effect and profit for retail companies are shown. In conclusion, recommendations are offered on the formation of a methodology for various participants in the assortment management process.
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Panggabean, Martin. « FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION SECTOR IN INDONESIA’S PRODUCTION PYRAMID ». Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 19, no 4 (7 juillet 2017) : 385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v19i4.693.
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This paper investigates the importance of financial intermediation sector in the inter-industry context, using input-output tables from 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. Known as matrix triangulation problem, the problem was mathematically categorized as NP-Hard where exact solution to real-world data cannot be ascertained. The algorithm used in this paper was proposed by Chanas-Kobylanski. The computation results confirm that the financial intermediation sector is consistently among the most important sector in the production structure of the Indonesian economy by serving non-negligible input to most sectors inthe economy. This paper shows that the sector has mixed record toward small-scale businesses. Financial intermediation sector supports directly and indirectly retail trade, agricultural and food-beverages sectors. The relatively large share of input from financial sector implies the high interest rate charged by banks to the retail trade sector, which in turn reflects high risk associated with Retail Trade (and SMEs in general). Thus tightening and improving efficiency between financial intermediation and retail trade sector will not only increase SMEs participation in the economy but also improve the economic activities in the agricultural and food-beverages sectors which combined contributes to around 19 percent of Indonesia’s GDP.
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Bolotov, Ilya. « Analysis of the Retail Trade and Automotive Industry in the Russian Federation ». Central European Business Review 2, no 3 (30 septembre 2013) : 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.49.
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Purwati, Mulia Indah. « ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN ASET TERHADAP DEVIDEN PER SHARE PADA INDUSTRI WHOLE SALE AND RETAIL TRADE DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA ». JUMANJI (JURNAL MANAJEMEN JAMBI) 1, no 2 (15 décembre 2018) : 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35141/jmj.v1i2.107.
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This study is performed to examine the effect of Current ratio, Cash ratio, Debt to Total Equity (DER), Return on Investment (ROI), Earning per Share (EPS), Asset Growth toward Dividend per Share (DPS) in industry Wholesale and Retail Trade that is listed in BEI. The objective of this study is to scale and analyze the effect of the company financial ratios performance (Current ratio, Cash ratio, Debt to Total Equity (DER), Return on Investment (ROI), Earning per Share (EPS), Asset Growth toward Dividend per Share (DPS) in industry Wholesale and Retail Trade that is listed in BEI) over period 2009 - 2012. Sampling technique used here is purposive sampling on criterion (1) the company that trade their stocks in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI); (2) the company that represents their financial report per December 2009-2012; and (3) the company that continually share their dividend per December 2009-2012. The data is obtained based on Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD 2012 and 2013) publication. It is gained sample amount of 15 companies from 30 companies those are listed in BEI. While simultaneously (Current ratio, Cash ratio, Debt to Total Equity (DER), Return on Investment (ROI), Earning per Share (EPS), Asset Growth) proof significantly influent DPS in Wholesale and Retail Trade industry in the level less than 5%. Predictable of the seven variables toward DPS is 68,90% as indicated by adjusted R square that is 68,90% while the rest 31,10% is affected by other factors is not included into the study model.
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Campaniaris, Constantine, Richard Murray, Steven Hayes et Michael Jeffrey. « The development of an apparel industry business model for Canada ». Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 19, no 3 (13 juillet 2015) : 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-07-2014-0050.
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Purpose – Earlier attempts to develop a strategy for the apparel industry in Canada to counter the adverse effects of trade liberalisation on Canadian apparel suppliers have been based on the concept of clustering. However, despite the support from government-supported industry bodies, clustering has not been forthcoming and this situation has created a pressing need for the development of an alternative to the clustering strategy. A study by the Canadian Apparel Human Resources Council offered up several different strategies including clustering, that the Canadian apparel industry might pursue, but these have not been taken up. Evidence gained from government reports on the industry and its performance, industry case studies, an experience survey and questionnaire reported earlier, leads to a radically different alternative with a more direct relationship between Canadian apparel suppliers and retailer. The purpose of this paper is to report and construct an evidence-based collaborative strategy together with its accompanying apparel industry business model. Design/methodology/approach – The evidence gained from case studies of Canadian apparel businesses, a secondary data search, an experience survey and an online questionnaire has been followed and combined with retailer requirements from apparel suppliers. Findings – The information gained from apparel industry representatives, government sources and industry reports has enabled step-by-step construction of an evidence-based business model centred on the formation of collaborative partnerships between apparel suppliers and retailers. Originality/value – The model reflects the fact that Canadian apparel retailers have taken the leading role in the supplier/retailer relationship and shows how Canadian apparel suppliers might better position themselves to combat competition from offshore suppliers through the formation of closer links with retail partners. It points not only to a requirement for Canadian apparel suppliers to become integrated into their retail partner’s retail management systems and technology, but also demonstrates the need for the formation of strong alliances through collaborative partnerships between supplier and retailer to address the needs of the apparel market.
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John, S. Franklin, et Sheeja Ramakrishnan. « A Study on Connecting Customers through Presence of Regional Brands in Food Retailing ». International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 4, no 1 (23 janvier 2017) : 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v4i1.16432.
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The Indian retail industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprising of organized and unorganized sectors, India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though initially, the retail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the change of tastes and preferences of the consumers, the industry is getting more popular these days and getting organized as well. With growing market demand, the industry is expected to grow at a pace of 25-30% annually. The India retail industry is expected to grow from Rs. 35,000 crore in 2004-05 to Rs. 109,000 crore by the year 2010. In 2007, the retail trade in India had a share of 8-10% in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the country. The study examines the role of regional brands in connecting customers in food retailing. Private labels or store brands are on escalating journey for growth in last few years in Indian market. The growth of private label brands (PLBs) is quite impressive in food and grocery segment, in spite of presence of leading national manufacturers brands in most of the categories. Though, initially PLBs were considered as cheap alternatives and therefore visible in copycat and generic categories, today they are a part of well defined retail mix strategy, are developed in value innovators and premium categories for profit maximization and customer loyalty.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 55-59
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Luthfiyanti, Nur Khalizah, et Lely Dahlia. « The Effect of Enterprise Risk Management on Financial Distress ». Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business 3, no 2 (27 juillet 2020) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jaab.v3i2.25910.
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Lately, the retail industry has been suffering financial performance problem caused by some factors, such as the trade competition with online trading. Companies in the retail industry sector had to handle this risk to minimize further financial performance problem. The aim of this study is to determined the impact of the implementation of enterprise risk management in avoiding financial distress. This study used binary logistic regression for tool analysis. The sample of this study involved 21 retail companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. The sample has been selected using a purposive random sampling method. Variable control, namely, liquidity, profitability, leverage, and company size, are included. The result of the study indicates that enterprise risk management implementation was found affecting financial distress
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Sansone, Marcello, Roberto Bruni, Annarita Colamatteo et Maria Anna Pagnanelli. « Dynamic capabilities in retailers' marketing strategies : Defining an analysis model ». MERCATI & ; COMPETITIVITÀ, no 2 (mai 2017) : 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc2017-002002.
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The dynamic capabilities assume a basilar role in companies considering the change management and marketing strategies. The aim of this work is to define an original model of identification of dynamic capabilities in retailers' marketing strategies, with a focus on food sector in Italian market. The research has double origin: the Italian context of markets and large scale retail trade characterized both by complexity and the lacks in literature about these themes - dynamic capabilities in retail industry - highlighted by international literature. The Teece model has been adapted to the dynamic capabilities in retail industry - identifying specific meaning in clusters, microfoundations, and indicators - and the model has been tested involving 3 Italian retailers, with the aim to identify the differences in emerging results.
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Piosik, Monika. « Fashion companies in Poland. The influence of COVID-19 on liquidity assessment ». Central European Economic Journal 9, no 56 (1 janvier 2022) : 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2022-0019.
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Abstract This article demonstrates the changes that have occurred in the fashion sector during COVID-19. It outlines the complexity of assessing the liquidity level of retail trade companies. Moreover, it gives an overview of the key information included in the financial statements of fashion companies and highlights key points crucial to determining the liquidity risk of these companies. The article also presents the results of two models; these were estimated using the Arellano–Bover / Blundell–Bond linear dynamic panel-data estimator. Results present the real impact of COVID-19 on the liquidity of Polish fashion and retail trade companies (measured by cash holdings or cash ratio) during the analysed period of time. The analysed data cover the 11 quarters from Q1 2019 to Q3 2021 and were obtained from the quarterly financial statements of the 108 public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and NewConnect (Poland). The findings show that the fashion sector has lower liquidity than the broader retail trade sector. However, fashion companies during COVID-19 obtained higher cash ratios than retail trade companies. This article is a research-supported summary of the most important aspects of assessing the liquidity of fashion companies in light of the changes that have occurred in the industry due to the COVID-19 crisis.
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Bubnovskaya, Tat'yana. « Theoretical aspects of controlling system in trade organizations ». Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series : Economics 2021, no 2 (30 juin 2021) : 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2021-2-51-60.
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The paper considers the high unpredictability of the Russian economy and the variability of its environment, which adversely affect functioning of retail chains and force managers to look for new management methods based on systemic and integrated approaches. It is known that the effectiveness of managing the financial and economic activities of an organization directly depends on the availability of sufficient, reliable and properly structured accounting and analytical information, the systematization of which occurs through the controlling system and its tools. It should be noted that the theoretical and practical aspects of controlling in the Russian business are at the stage of formation, and foreign experience is often copied. In the trade industry, controlling with budgeting elements is practically not used and remains insufficiently developed in the methodological and methodological terms in the field of scientific and applied economics. The lack of research of controlling and its tools and, first of all, in relation to the key aspects of their implementation in the field of Russian retail trade, in particular in retail chains, is becoming more and more noticeable nowadays. There have been determined the theoretical provisions of controlling, has been clarified the interpretation of the concept of controlling in a trade organization and proposed a model of controlling in trade. The controlling model includes a system of internal accounting and reporting; it focuses on the result of the execution of information support tasks, drawing up and controlling plans. It has been inferred that the control system of a trade organization is heterogeneous and depends on the specific features of the trade industry and the enterprise as a whole, it must meet the goals, tasks and needs of the trade organization.
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Brzhozovskyi, Tymofii, et Nataliia Gudkova. « IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON RETAIL TRADE IN UKRAINE ». ГРААЛЬ НАУКИ, no 11 (17 janvier 2022) : 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.24.12.2021.002.
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The coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on all areas of society. The epidemiological environment has given much uncertainty to consumers and companies alike, resulting in adaptation to the new insular environment. This article examines the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the retail industry. Emphasis is placed on how COVID-19 has influenced changes in assortment policy in the retail sector. The prevailing epidemiological situation led to increased prices. Moreover, due to the introduction of social distancing requirements, retail shop closures and recommendations for isolation measures to prevent the spread of the virus, consumers have been spending more time purchasing goods online, using contactless payment and receipt. The study also shows that the behavioural shift in consumer actions has predominantly occurred towards digital platforms and digital content, which has created real opportunities for brands to promote beauty products by targeting advertising messages to the audiences through new Internet marketing tools. With the rise in social media engagement and the desire for digital content, new opportunities have opened up for cosmetic retailers to help maintain communication with consumers even during a pandemic.
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Schiraldi, Massimiliano Maria, Michela Vincenzi et Sebastiano Di Luozzo. « Distribution in the Large-Scale Retail Trade industry : requirements for Vehicle Routing Problems ». International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 1, no 1 (2022) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2022.10048026.
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Feighery, E. C., K. M. Ribisl, D. D. Achabal et T. Tyebjee. « Retail trade incentives : how tobacco industry practices compare with those of other industries. » American Journal of Public Health 89, no 10 (octobre 1999) : 1564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.89.10.1564.
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Polo, Michele, et Carlo Scarpa. « Liberalizing the gas industry : Take-or-pay contracts, retail competition and wholesale trade ». International Journal of Industrial Organization 31, no 1 (janvier 2013) : 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2012.10.003.
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Aziz, Abdul. « COVID-19 PANDEMIC : ITS EFFECT ON RETAIL BUSINESS GROWTH IN INDONESIA ». International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) 6, no 1 (28 mars 2022) : 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v6i1.4550.
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This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail businesses in Indonesia. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method, using secondary data sources from research results, references and online news related to the research. The COVID-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia caused a significant decline in turnover for the retail business. There are several businesses engaged in the retail trade sector that have to be willing to close because they are no longer able to benefit from their operations. Technological developments in globalization are very influential on the economy, including the retail market. The results of this study indicate that the retail sector is the type of business most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including the automotive industry, steel industry, electrical equipment, textile industry, handicrafts and heavy equipment, tourism. Meanwhile, the industries that are able to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic are 1. MSMEs that are able to adapt their business with innovative products. 2. The retail industry is able to survive, this is because some of them take advantage of sales through digital marketing. 3. Other industries that are able to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic are those related to meeting basic needs, including electricity, clean water, agriculture, animal husbandry, plantations, fisheries, automotive and banking. Industries that experienced development during the COVID-19 pandemic were food, pharmaceuticals, information and communication technology.
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Mukhametov, A. E., et N. B. Dautkanov. « Scenarios of the domestic oil and fat industry ». Problems of AgriMarket, no 4 (15 décembre 2022) : 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2022-4.2708-9991.13.
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The production and industrial processing of oil-containing raw materials is a strategic task for the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Domestic producers have the opportunity to dominate not only in the Central Asian region, but also to expand export flows along the developed transport routes. In addition, development of oil and fat industry of the republic will significantly reduce the impact of foreign intervention supplies on domestic market. The goal – is to identify the trends of main world players, as well as to determine the growth points of oil and fat subcomplex. The study used methods – to analyze the world branch economy: information from specialized sources and publications, official statistics from the US Department of Agriculture, foreign agricultural service of the sector "Oil crops: world markets and trade", consultations with Kazakhstani analysts in the field of agriculture, materials on the topic from open sources. Results – key global trends are identified, the average per capita consumption of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan is determined. Soybean, palm, sunflower, rapeseed and safflower are the main oil crops in the world and local space, the importance of legumes is noted. Besides exotic ones - palm trees and olives, almost all oilseed plants, which determine the global industry structure, are grown in the country. In terms of production and export of linseed oil and oil seeds, Kazakhstan producers are in the world's leading positions. The influence of restrictive anti-covid measures on production of vegetable oils is shown. An example of wholesale and retail trade is given, where a fixed trade margin for retail goods is applied. Conclusions – in the Republic of Kazakhstan there is a significant potential that can provide a dominant position in regional market and can become a catalyst for inter-industry mutually beneficial relations in food sector, fodder production and animal husbandry.
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Kielesińska, Agata. « Food quality and safety in the brewing industry ». Production Engineering Archives 20, no 20 (1 septembre 2018) : 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2018.20.04.
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Abstract The article presents the importance of economic and social responsibility of the brewing industry, pointing to the aspect of synergy related to the brewing industry in the processes of economic development (creation of many jobs in the agricultural sector, retail trade and gastronomy), stimulating specific areas of local and regional development. The principles of organization and supervision of food quality and safety in beer brewing as well as the importance of implementing management systems in the activity of brewing industry companies were presented.
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Lu, Jingyi. « Research on the Difference of the Total Factor Productivity of Wholesale and Retail Industry in Anhui Province Based on DEA-Malmquist Model ». Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 7, no 1 (3 janvier 2023) : 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v7i1.4178.
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Based on DEA-Malmquist Index model, this paper takes the wholesale and retail industries over quota in Anhui province as the research object, the Total factor productivity of wholesale and retail industries in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020 were measured and compared. The results showed that among the 18 sub-industries of wholesale and retail industries, the Total factor productivity Total factor productivity of 13 industries showed an increasing trend while that of 5 industries showed a decreasing trend. And the difference between the change index of technical efficiency and the Change Index of technical progress is the main reason for the increase and decrease of Total factor productivity. There are four main reasons for the rise in Total factor productivity and two main reasons for the fall in Total factor productivity. Based on this, it is proposed to perfect the market development mechanism of wholesale and retail trade, pay attention to the brand construction of wholesale and retail enterprises, and promote the common development of network retail and physical retail, the four measures to improve the quality of workers in the wholesale and retail sectors are aimed at making up for deficiencies in this area.
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Megayanti, Sandra, Candra Irawan et Emelia Kontesa. « THE ARRANGEMENT OF MODERN RETAIL INDUSTRY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF POSITIVE LAW IN INDONESIA ». Bengkoelen Justice : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9, no 2 (2 janvier 2020) : 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/j_bengkoelenjust.v9i2.9977.
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Indonesia is a state law that all aspects of life in the areas of society, nationality and state affairs including government affairs should be based on the law in accordance with the national legal system, not least in terms of the economy. Economy is the backbone of public welfare, while the law plays an important role that determines how the prosperity achieved and felt by the people. One of the industries that participate in contributing to the growth and development of the Indonesian economy is the modern retail industry. The existence of the modern retail industry as having two sides of a coin, which on the one hand its existence becomes an important part in the economy, one of them in terms of employment. However, on the other hand, the existence of the modern retail industry raises problems, one of which is the rise of this industry makes the small and medium businesses cannot compete. Nevertheless, the existence of modern retail is currently being faced with adverse situations, where there are a lot of modern retailers who had to close their shops in a number of places, in addition, the proliferation of online businesses also adds problems in the modern retail industry. This study aimed to analyze the arrangement of modern retail industry in the perspective of Indonesian positive law. In this case, researcher used a normative legal research methods with qualitative juridical analysis. In terms of setting, the existence of the modern retail industry has not been able to provide its effectiveness in achieving fairness, certainty and expediency. Currently, the setting of modern retail industry could be seen in some rules, such as Law No. 7 of 2014 About the Trade, Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition, Law No. 25 of 2007 on Investment, President Regulation No. 112 of 2007 on Planning and Development of Traditional Markets, Shopping Centers and Modern Stores, and Government Regulation No. 44 of 1997 concerning the Partnership. However, the implementation of these regulations have not been going well because there is no consistency in the process of administration of justice, both by governments and businessesactors.
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Varchenko, Olha O. « Directions for Ensuring the Equivalence of Exchange in Agri-Food Chains in Ukraine ». Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 10, no 1 (1 juin 2021) : 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2021-0007.
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Abstract The article examines the issues of intersectoral price relations in agri-food chains in Ukraine. It is proved that the imbalance of relations between different spheres of the agro-industrial complex due to price disparity causes the withdrawal of financial resources from one industry to another, without creating conditions for expanded reproduction. The factors influencing prices in agri-food chains are systematized: inflation, disparity, currency fluctuations, sales channels, etc. It is confirmed that the subjects of entrepreneurial activity of the agricultural sector of economy operated in conditions of price disparity during 2000–2019, which led to a relatively low value of their profitability. At the level of a participant in the chain of food industry entities, the price index for food industry products has been exceeded over the agricultural level, but there is a very low level of profitability – 1.4% in 2019. Analytically proved existence of a disparity between retail prices for food and agricultural products provides a profitability of wholesale and retail trade at 15.8–23.3%. Violation of the equivalence of exchange in supply chains at the level of wholesale and retail trade leads to the entry of agricultural enterprises into vertically integrated associations of the holding type. It is substantiated that ensuring the equivalence of exchange in agri-food chains requires the introduction of a set of value-added tools in the agricultural sector of antitrust regulation, market infrastructure development, rural cooperation and integration, and support for the development of small producers.
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Fracarolli Nunes, Mauro, Camila Lee Park et Ely Laureano Paiva. « Can we have it all ? Sustainability trade-offs and cross-insurance mechanisms in supply chains ». International Journal of Operations & ; Production Management 40, no 9 (23 juin 2020) : 1339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-12-2019-0802.
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PurposeThe study investigates the interaction of sustainability dimensions in supply chains. Along with the analysis of sustainability trade-offs (i.e. prioritizing one dimension to the sacrifice of others), we develop and test the concept of cross-insurance mechanism (i.e. meeting of one sustainability goal possibly attenuating the effects of poor performance in another).Design/methodology/approachThrough the analysis of a 20-variation vignette-based experiment, we evaluate the effects of these issues on the corporate credibility (expertise and trustworthiness) of four tiers of a typical food supply chain: pesticide producers, farmers, companies from the food industry and retail chains.FindingsResults suggest that both sustainability trade-offs and cross-insurance mechanisms have different impacts across the chain. While pesticide producers (first tier) and retail chains (fourth tier) seem to respond better to a social trade-off, the social cross-insurance mechanism has shown to be particularly beneficial to companies from the food industry (third tier). Farmers (second tier), in turn, seem to be more sensitive to the economic cross-insurance mechanism.Originality/valueAlong with adding to the study of sustainability trade-offs in supply chain contexts, results suggest that the efficiency of the insurance mechanism is not conditional on the alignment among sustainability dimensions (i.e. social responsibility attenuating social irresponsibility). In this sense, empirical evidences support the development of the cross-insurance mechanism as an original concept.
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R, Arivalagan, et Dr V. A. Anand. « Significance of Bonded Logistics Parks in China, Enabling Indian Retail Industry for Effective Logistics ». International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 8, no 6 (30 mars 2020) : 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f7223.038620.
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Multiple handling and resting of materials at different points in the flow of Supply Chain has come into the limelight in the recent time due to severe cost pressure for the reduction and savings of Logistics costs. The ease of material movement is been on a large focus in-order to achieve cost savings and to have a win-win situation for both the Suppliers and the Customers. With the effect of globalization, the foreign Suppliers are exporting goods to the consignee country by paying customs duty and in-turn the consignee on the receiving end pays import customs duty for the consumption of the goods and on top of it pays an additional storage and handling charges for the Warehousing and Distribution activity in the consignee country. This makes the logistics costs to go up. To tackle this challenge and complexity in the Logistics system, major economies are introducing FTZ - Free Trade Zones or Logistics Parks in major cities. These Free Trade Zones are backed up the concern country’s government and customs authorities. With lot of initiatives coming from the government side but still there is a huge demand gap for these Free Trade Zones or Logistics Parks and many of them are underutilized or rather unoccupied. Still many of the Consumers are relying upon traditional CFA – Custom Freight Agents or other warehouses for getting this service done. But they are missing a big picture of Logistics Cost Savings, Transit time reduction in transferring the goods and the major advantage in tax rebates. At this backdrop, this paper address the major advantage of using the Bonded Logistics Park, developed and promoted by the People’s Republic of China by analyzing the data of an Indian customer who is sourcing more than 70% from China.
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Naumenko, A., et A. Shapovalova. « Global trends of digital transformation of retail trade during the corona crisis ». Siberian Financial School, no 1 (10 janvier 2021) : 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/1993-4386-2021-1-74-87.
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The article examines some aspects of digitalization of the retail sector during the COVID-19 and under the pressure of information and communication technology (ICT) innovations. Ecommerce, previously a secondary sales channel, in the face of the impact of quarantine restrictions on the social activity of citizens, has become a noticeable factor and “accelerator” of consumer migration to online-channels and industry transformation. In this regard, as a special segment of the digital economy, e-commerce acquires particular importance for the study and development of recommendations for improving sales technologies, when moving to omnichannel service.
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Neussner, Wolfgang, Daniel Ebner et Maximilian Lackner. « Value Creation by Dynamic Pricing through Digitization and Industry-Wide Perspective ». International Journal of Economics and Finance 14, no 1 (30 décembre 2021) : 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n1p115.
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Dynamic Pricing (DP), also known as surge pricing or dynamic price management, is the adjustment of prices for goods and services depending on the current market situation. Its purpose is to maximize profit, and the practice is getting more and more common. Dynamic pricing was first spotted in online retail; Also in offline retail, it can be found, e.g. as electronic price tags, as well as in on-demand services in mobility and smart meters in the energy industry. Dynamic pricing offers opportunities for vendors. The goal of this paper is to examine the current status and the new opportunities and risks of Dynamic Pricing in retail, mobility and the energy sector, made possible by digitization. This is done on the one side with expert interviews and on the other with an online research. 5 experts were interviewed and 238 respondents answered a questionnaire. 12 hypotheses were formulated, out of which 9 were confirmed, 1 was completely rejected and 2 were partially rejected. The unexpected results were: (1) Electronic price labels in stationary retail trade do not worry consumers with regard to momentary price changes. (2) Consumers do not prefer dynamic pricing models in car sharing. (3) Consumers can benefit from dynamic pricing models in the case of the aviation industry.
The aim of this work to provide readers with insights as on how to utilize DP in their respective industries.
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Blokhin, A. A., et R. V. Gridin. « Russian retail trade : institutional differences of trading companies as a factor of industry dynamics ». Russian Economic Journal, no 2 (mai 2020) : 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2020-2-40-57.
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The article establishes: a) the fact of significant institutional differences between groups of companies in the Russian retail trade; b) the trend of increasing these differences in recent years. Criteria for structuring a sample of large companies in the form of a number of clusters that differ in their institutional strength and compete with each other are identified and tested. Among the criteria — presence in ratings, market coverage, participation in business associations, size and complexity of companies, etc. The mechanism of dominance of market leaders over other companies is revealed on the basis of the concept of institutional rent received by a group of leading companies from the income of «lagging» companies; the conditions for the transition of companies from one group to another are revealed. Based on the analysis of information about retail chains included in the selected clusters, estimates of their integrated financial and economic indicators are given; the comparative dynamics of the latter is revealed. The hypothesis about the significance of institutional differences in clusters for the dynamics of the industry as a whole and individual groups of companies is confirmed. The article substantiates proposals for forecasting such institutional transformations of markets, scenarios of which take into account the existing market hierarchies of dominant and other companies. Recommendations are put forward to improve state regulation of industry development, taking into account the existing market architecture.
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DellaVigna, Stefano, et Matthew Gentzkow. « Uniform Pricing in U.S. Retail Chains* ». Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, no 4 (25 juin 2019) : 2011–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz019.
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Abstract We show that most U.S. food, drugstore, and mass-merchandise chains charge nearly uniform prices across stores, despite wide variation in consumer demographics and competition. Demand estimates reveal substantial within-chain variation in price elasticities and suggest that the median chain sacrifices ${\$}$16 million of annual profit relative to a benchmark of optimal prices. In contrast, differences in average prices between chains are broadly consistent with the optimal benchmark. We discuss a range of explanations for nearly uniform pricing, highlighting managerial inertia and brand image concerns as mechanisms frequently mentioned by industry participants. Relative to our optimal benchmark, uniform pricing may significantly increase the prices paid by poorer households relative to the rich, dampen the response of prices to local economic shocks, alter the analysis of mergers in antitrust, and shift the incidence of intranational trade costs.
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Abor, Joshua. « Industry classification and the capital structure of Ghanaian SMEs ». Studies in Economics and Finance 24, no 3 (7 août 2007) : 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10867370710817392.
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PurposeThis study seeks to examine the effect of industry classification on the capital structure of SMEs in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe analytical technique employed is regression framework with various capital structure measures as dependent variables, and with industry as the independent variable. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other non‐parametric tests were also used to examine the differences in the capital structure of the SMEs across industries.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that SMEs in the agricultural sector exhibit the highest capital structure and asset structure or collateral value, while the wholesale and retail trade industry have the lowest debt ratio and asset structure. The regression results indicate that agriculture and pharmaceutical and medical industries depend more on long‐term and short‐term debt than does the manufacturing sector. Information and communication, and wholesale and retail trade sectors are more likely to use short‐term credit than the manufacturing sector. The results also show that the construction and mining industry is less likely to depend on short‐term debt, while hotel and hospitality depend more on long‐term debt and less on short‐term finance. The results clearly indicate that industry effect is important in explaining the capital structure of SMEs and that there are variations in capital structure across the various industries.Originality/valueThe main value of this paper is the analysis of the effect of industry classification on SMEs' capital structure from the Ghanaian perspective. The study provides insights on the financing behaviour of SMEs across various industries in Ghana.
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D’Amato, Iolanda, Valeria Belvedere et Thanos Papadimitriou. « Illegitimate trade in the fashion industry : relevance and counterstrategies in the Italian context ». Journal of Business & ; Industrial Marketing 34, no 8 (7 octobre 2019) : 1654–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2018-0178.
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Purpose From a supply chain perspective, counterfeiting is only part of a wider phenomenon defined as “illegitimate trade,” which includes supply chain infiltrations, factory overruns, gray and parallel markets, retail service counterfeiting and shoplifting. Although different forms of illegitimate trade can be observed, companies address them mainly through legal action, overlooking other counterstrategies such as technology adoption, supply chain integration and communication campaigns. This paper aims to understand which illegitimate trade phenomena are the most common and damaging to high-end fashion firms, identifying the counterstrategies that companies leverage the most and assessing the effectiveness of the counterstrategies. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted to address the above-mentioned research goals. It was targeted at Italian high-end fashion companies and 112 usable questionnaires were collected. Findings Empirical evidence shows that the most common illegitimate trade events are pure counterfeiting and parallel/gray markets. Various forms of illegitimate trade can co-exist and are correlated, but each of them calls for a targeted bundle of countering strategies. A synergic relationship among strategies is also observed. Originality/value This paper addresses the issue of counterfeiting and illegitimate trade with a holistic approach, highlighting the necessity of an interfunctional approach within the company as a condition for effectively countering these problems.
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Kopchykova, Inna. « FEATURES OF THE DEFINITION «OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY OF TRADE NETWORKS» ». Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series “Economics” 1(13) (2020) : 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31339/2313-8114-2020-1(13)-92-96.
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From the formation of effective strategic goals and improvement of operational activities depends on the optimization of production methods, planning the development of new products, changing the cost of production, planning and forecasting sales. The introduction of new areas of operational activity is an effective strategic development. The relevance of the research topic is due to the development of modern formats of trade and the need to implement new solutions for operational management, in terms of improving the effectiveness and quality of basic management functions – planning, organization, management and control. The retail industry is in a constant process of transformation. Economists cannot say how much the new formats will be in demand. Determining the mechanism of functioning of trade networks in Ukraine has not yet been the subject of extensive research, which has a negative impact on the practice of their operation. The article raises the relevance of the concept of operational activity of retail chains as an economic category. The essence of retail operations is considered. The purpose of the article is to study the concept and clarify the economic category «operational activities of the trade network». The main task is to study the nature and components of retail operations, as well as to develop ways to optimize operational management, the main of which are well-developed logistics schemes, electronic sales channels, organization of food halls and food courts, digitalization and personalization, construction of omnichannel communication networks and the consumer, the use of big data to improve customer service. Based on the use of general economic research methods, the approaches of scientists to the interpretation of the concept of "operational activity" are analyzed and systematized. The scientific novelty of the study is to clarify the essence and highlight the most important characteristics of the operational activities of retail in Ukraine. The practical significance lies in the substantiation of the main components of the operational activity of the trade network. Based on the study, it is determined that operating activities in the process of financial and economic activities occupy a basic place, as they are the basis for stimulating the development of entrepreneurial activity. Keywords: means of operational activity, objects of operational activity, operational activity, components of operational activity, trade network.