Thèses sur le sujet « Revêtement antifouling »
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Lasne, Anne-Cécile Gisèle. « Conception de revêtement antifouling supramoléculaires respectant l'environnement ». Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS236.
Texte intégralPolyanhydrides are well-known biodegradable polymers. Their surface-eroding properties in aqueous media make them desirable for the controlled release of bioactive molecules as drugs and functional tissue substitutes. Their main advantages are the adjustability of degradation and release rates, the zero order kinetics of release and biocompatibility. However, their low solubility in common organic solvents and their high melting points limit their potential applications, especially in environmental fields. This is the reason why new strategies of formulation need to be considered to enlarge the use of polyanhydrides and overcome their main disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of anhydride oligomers as film-forming matrices. The use of oligomers cleared up many difficulties of synthesis (which is long, extended and tedious), stability and solubilization. Covalent bonds were replaced by weak interactions to preserve cohesion between molecules and obtain film properties. Coating characterization was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization to obtain chemical structures of the products. The formation of weak interactions, which confer cohesion between chains, allowed film properties to be observed. The impact of the solvent polarity on the specific organization was investigated by a combination of focused methods: capillary viscosimetry, IR spectroscopy, polarized light microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Oligomer coating being designed to using in marine environment, hydration and erosion studies was performed. Water uptake was carried out from Karl Fischer Coulometry with different water condition (pH and salinity). Hydration was also studied from CLSM and SEM to evidence the erosion zone. Finally degradation was carried out from weight loss, HPLC with the monomer release and from SEM with the observation of coating surface. Although an effect of interaction was observed on erosion kinetic, polyanhydrides are so erodible to antifouling paint application
Gevaux, Laure. « Elastomères à base de polymères hydrolysables : une nouvelle statégie de revêtement antifouling ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0011.
Texte intégralLn a context where biocidal antifouling coatings are more and more regulated, it is essential to develop more environmentally friendly systems, such as the Fouling Release Coatings (FRCs), mainly based on silicone elastomers. FRCs can release the marine biofouling thanks to their physico-chemical properties i.e. low surface free energy and low elastic modulus that minimize interactions between the foulant and the surface, and reduce the adhesion strength. Another category of antifouling coatings, named Self-Polishing Coatings, combines a controlled surface erosion as well as the release of biocides, and thus efficiently prevents the ·marine fouling from settling on ship hulls. The objective of this PhD work was to design navel « hybrid » FRCs that combine different components and mechanisms of action. Two strategies were thus developed:1) Silicone elastomers containing hydrolyzable additives from 5 to 20 wt.%2) Crosslinked PDMS/polyester networks with 12 to 27 wt.% of hydrolyzable polyesters.The aim of these navel coatings was to obtain surfaces chemically and physically ambiguous towards marine organisms: either (1) by the migration of hydrolyzable additives towards the surface, for example, thanks to the addition of poly(bis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilyl methacrylate) or (2) by the erosion of PDMS/polyester hybrid networks, for instance, thanks to the covalent crosslinking of poly(E-caprolactone) or poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) segments with PDMS chains. Physico-chemical properties such as the wettability, the surface free energy, the elastic modulus, and the hydrolysis/erosion properties of the coatings have been studied before and during immersion in aqueous medium. The antifouling efficiency of the coatings has been evaluated during field immersion in the Mediterranean Sea, and bioassays targeting specific marine species
Vial, Marion. « Dévelοppement d'un cοnsοrtium de biοsalissures nοrmalisés en milieu marin ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025NORMC203.
Texte intégralSubmerged structures in the marine environment are subject to the development of biofouling, an accumulation of micro- and macro-organisms that is generally undesirable. The consequences of such biofouling are numerous. Combating this phenomenon entails high financial costs, which are weighing on the industrial sector, especially as regulatory and environmental constraints are now forcing to develop more environmentally-friendly solutions. The maritime economy is an important sector in Normandy, and the work in this thesis focused on 3 ports (Granville, Cherbourg and St Vaast-La-Hougue) along the coasts of the English Channel. The objectives were to identify the constituent species of biofouling and to develop in laboratory a mixed consortium of several species of micro- and macro-organisms isolated from the natural environment, with the ultimate aim of proposing adhesion tests in a controlled environment to assess the antifouling effectiveness of coated materials. Two coatings were selected: an Epoxy (with anti-corrosion properties) and a Fluoropolymer (antifouling without biocides). The results showed similar biofouling communities between the ports and for each coating. Nevertheless, the organism development appeared to be influenced by stationary conditions and environmental characteristics specific to the port. Although the various tests described still need to be standardized, the individual laboratory cultures of the different organisms making up the consortia (bacteria, diatoms, macroalgae and invertebrates) have been mastered, as have certain co-cultures, which is an important first step in the future development of attachment tests on coated materials
Cathebras, Nathalie. « Polymères uréthanes perfluoroalkylés. Applications : revêtements polyuréthanes, antifouling non biocides, épaississants associatifs ». Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20029.
Texte intégralJellali, Rachid. « Elaboration de revêtements antifouling par photoréticulation d'oligoisoprènes fonctionnalisés : étude de leurs activités antibactériennes, antifongiques et antialgales ». Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1021.pdf.
Texte intégralOligoisoprenes bearing quaternary ammonium functions and photosensitives groups were synthesized in order to develop new environmentally benign antifouling coatings. These functionalized oligoisoprenes were obtained by chemical modifications of low molecular weight carbonyltelechelic cis-1 ,4-polyisoprene obtained by controlled degradation of natural rubber. Flexible materials then performed radical and cationic photocrosslinkings. The crosslinking Kinetics were studied according to different parameters (molecular weight, rate of epoxidation, concentration of photo-initiator). The surface properties (surface energy, roughness) and the physico-chemical properties (DSC, TGA, swelling rate) of the different materials have been characterized. The biocidal and bacteriostatic properties were then evaluated on materials with and without quaternary ammonium groups
Camps, Mercedes. « Bio-essais anti-adhésion sur bactéries marines pour le criblage de molécules et de revêtements antifouling ». Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638080.
Texte intégralCamps, Mercedes. « Bio-essais anti-adhésion sur bactéries marines pour le criblage de molécules et de revêtements antifouling ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL0006.
Texte intégralAny surface immersed in water is rapidly colonized by a lot of micro-and macroscopic organisms. Sequential and complex phenomenon known as biofouling, lead to major economic and ecological damages, particularly in the marine environment. The recent ban of toxic substances used as biocides in antifouling coatings for ship hulls notably, has relaunched searching for new molecules antifouling environmentally friendly. The objective of this thesis was to develop and initiate the study of the representativeness of a bioassay allow to assess the potential of molecules and antifouling coatings on "biofilms" mono and multi-species microplate using of fluorochromes. It was decided to focus on the primary biofilm because it is possible that the elimination or limitation of the latter reduce biofouling. Five strains of marine bacteria pioneers, isolated from the Bay of Toulon and Brittany, were used to compare the effectiveness of a settlement of commercial and natural molecules. Two derivatives of natural substances Marine (TFA E and Z) showed significant activity associated with a lack of toxicity in bacteria, suggesting a specific anti-adhesion mechanism. In addition, differences in sensitivity between strains have confirmed the importance of making the bioassay with a various bacteria. To see if the data obtained in the laboratory showed what happens in the natural environment, a comparison between the results of the bioassay in microplate applied to six coatings and biofilms isolated on the same paint immersed for a month in the Bay of Toulon (analyzed by flow cytometry, microscopy and PCR-DGGE) was performed. Quantitative analysis suggested a correlation in between approaches although the absence of effectiency intermediate coating and the number of tested systems limit our conclusions
Zouaghi, Sawsen. « Dairy fouling on stainless steel and design of antifouling surfaces ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R080.
Texte intégralFouling is an ongoing issue which burdens the cost of dairy thermal processes as well as their environmental impact. Understanding the fouling phenomena and finding mitigation solutions is therefore of high interest. Consequently, this works aims at: (i) studying the impact of surface properties variation on dairy fouling and (ii) designing and characterizing the mechanisms of action of novel biomimetic antifouling surfaces. It was demonstrated that surface properties were crucial for fouling mitigation, low roughness and low surface energy being the most favorable conditions for fouling reduction. In a second time, three types of biomimetic surfaces, namely slippery liquid infused surfaces (SLIPS), nano-rough atmospheric plasma coatings and amphiphilic environment-responsive coatings were proven efficient against isothermal dairy fouling. The amphiphilic coatings unquestionably presented the best antifouling performances as they totally prevented fouling development as well as pathogenic bacteria adhesion. Such surfaces should allow for significant savings in cleaning costs and environmental impact through the adaptation of the cleaning procedures. In order to assess the real effect of the antifouling coatings on the footprint of the pasteurization process, a Life Cycle Assessment study was carried out. It was demonstrated that the use of such an antifouling coating could lead to the reduction of the environmental impact of a pasteurization process by more than 70%
Lejars, Marlène. « Synthèse de copolymères diblocs par le procédé RAFT : Application pour revêtements anti-salissures marines hybrides FRC/SPC ». Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0011/document.
Texte intégralTwo main types of antifouling coatings are present on the market: - The Self-Polishing Coatings (SPC): they are based on hydrolysable polymer binders and their antifouling efficiency relies on the release of biocides in the marine surrounding. Unfortunately, they are toxic for the marine environment- The Fouling Release Coatings (FRC): these hydrophobic silicone-based coatings limit the adhesion strength of fouling organisms and are biocide-free. Nevertheless, they are not efficient during idle periods.The aim of this study is to develop FRC/SPC hybrid antifouling coatings. Thus, diblock polymers both hydrolysable and with a low surface energy have been synthesized and characterized, then used as binders for the formulation of antifouling coatings.Polymerization by the RAFT process has been used to synthesize well-architectured polymers with controlled molecular weights. Two different approaches have been considered:- Polymers have been synthesized from low surface energy and hydrolysable monomers ((heptamethyl-trisiloxy)dimethylsilyl methacrylate and bis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilyl methacrylate) and a co-monomer of methyl or butyl methacrylate. It has been demonstrated that the diblock copolymers exhibit a lower surface energy than the statistical copolymers.- Polymers have been synthesized from hydrolysable monomers (tert-butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate) and low surface energy monomers (poly(dimethylsiloxane) methacrylate).The erosion properties (SPC-type) and the hydrophobicity (FRC-type) have been studied for both the binders and the formulated coatings, before and during their immersion in artificial seawater. The antifouling efficiency of the formulated coatings has been evaluated during their in-situ immersion in the Mediterranean Sea
Al-Ogaili, Ghassan Saadoon Dawood. « Fundamental approach for fouling growth mechanisms comprehension at a stainless steel surface : development of antifouling coating for stainless steel ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10109.
Texte intégralThis work presents an important problem in the dairy industry: the fouling caused by milk during heat treatment. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism of deposition and growth of dairy fouling on the surface of stainless steel pipes in order to develop a surface that limited or even prevent this contamination. The morphology and composition of the fouling layer strongly depends on the solution of fouling. When water with Total Hardness zero is used, the fouling layer is thin, smooth and homogeneous. Conversely, with tap water in highly concentrated calcium, the fouling layer is very thick, rough and shows a mechanism for tree growth. To better understand the mechanisms of fouling initiation, samples were subjected to a process of fouling than one minute for both solutions, resulting in the formation of layers of fouling thickness interactions nanométrique.Les between milk proteins and calcium on the surface of the steel could be studied by techniques of extreme surface (XPS, ToF-SIMS and AFM) analysis, which has improved the understanding of the mechanisms fouling. The study is then focused on the reduction of fouling by means of coatings on stainless steel, either by atmospheric plasma or by sol-gel. Among the different coatings studied, a coating deposited by atmospheric plasma (using hexamethyldisiloxane HMDSO as precursor) leads to a significant reduction in milk fouling
Al-Ogaili, Ghassan Saadoon Dawood. « Fundamental approach for fouling growth mechanisms comprehension at a stainless steel surface : development of antifouling coating for stainless steel ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10109/document.
Texte intégralThis work presents an important problem in the dairy industry: the fouling caused by milk during heat treatment. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism of deposition and growth of dairy fouling on the surface of stainless steel pipes in order to develop a surface that limited or even prevent this contamination. The morphology and composition of the fouling layer strongly depends on the solution of fouling. When water with Total Hardness zero is used, the fouling layer is thin, smooth and homogeneous. Conversely, with tap water in highly concentrated calcium, the fouling layer is very thick, rough and shows a mechanism for tree growth. To better understand the mechanisms of fouling initiation, samples were subjected to a process of fouling than one minute for both solutions, resulting in the formation of layers of fouling thickness interactions nanométrique.Les between milk proteins and calcium on the surface of the steel could be studied by techniques of extreme surface (XPS, ToF-SIMS and AFM) analysis, which has improved the understanding of the mechanisms fouling. The study is then focused on the reduction of fouling by means of coatings on stainless steel, either by atmospheric plasma or by sol-gel. Among the different coatings studied, a coating deposited by atmospheric plasma (using hexamethyldisiloxane HMDSO as precursor) leads to a significant reduction in milk fouling
Lejars, Marlène. « Synthèse de copolymères diblocs par le procédé RAFT : Application pour revêtements anti-salissures marines hybrides FRC/SPC ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0011.
Texte intégralTwo main types of antifouling coatings are present on the market: - The Self-Polishing Coatings (SPC): they are based on hydrolysable polymer binders and their antifouling efficiency relies on the release of biocides in the marine surrounding. Unfortunately, they are toxic for the marine environment- The Fouling Release Coatings (FRC): these hydrophobic silicone-based coatings limit the adhesion strength of fouling organisms and are biocide-free. Nevertheless, they are not efficient during idle periods.The aim of this study is to develop FRC/SPC hybrid antifouling coatings. Thus, diblock polymers both hydrolysable and with a low surface energy have been synthesized and characterized, then used as binders for the formulation of antifouling coatings.Polymerization by the RAFT process has been used to synthesize well-architectured polymers with controlled molecular weights. Two different approaches have been considered:- Polymers have been synthesized from low surface energy and hydrolysable monomers ((heptamethyl-trisiloxy)dimethylsilyl methacrylate and bis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilyl methacrylate) and a co-monomer of methyl or butyl methacrylate. It has been demonstrated that the diblock copolymers exhibit a lower surface energy than the statistical copolymers.- Polymers have been synthesized from hydrolysable monomers (tert-butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate) and low surface energy monomers (poly(dimethylsiloxane) methacrylate).The erosion properties (SPC-type) and the hydrophobicity (FRC-type) have been studied for both the binders and the formulated coatings, before and during their immersion in artificial seawater. The antifouling efficiency of the formulated coatings has been evaluated during their in-situ immersion in the Mediterranean Sea
Duong, The-Hy. « Synthèse, caractérisation, étude des performances de polymères à blocs utilisés comme liants de peintures anti-salissures marines ». Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0004/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of this study is to synthesize diblock and triblock copolymers based on tert-butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate and dimethylsiloxane monomer units. These monomer units have been selected to elaborate polymer films both hydrolysable in the marine environment and with a low surface energy. These copolymers have been fully characterized and have been formulated to develop FRC/SPC hybrid antifouling coatings. The performances of these new coatings have been compared to the two main types of antifouling coatings on the market:- the Self-Polishing coatings (SPC), based on hydrolysable polymer binders with an efficiency relied on the release of biocides in the marine environment and the erosion of the coating. Unfortunately, these coatings toxic for the marine environment;- the Fouling Release Coatings (FRC), based on hydrophobic and non-toxic silicone-based coatings which limit the adhesion strength of fouling organisms. Nevertheless, they are not efficient during idle periods. Block copolymers with controlled architecture, chemical composition and molar masses have been synthesized via the RAFT process from poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based chain transfer agents. These macro-chain transfer agents have been previously prepared from mono- and di-hydroxylated poly(dimethylsiloxane)s with molar masses of 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 g.mol-1. Three series of copolymer have been synthesized with molar masses ranging from 12,000 to 60,000 g.mol-1 and a mass content of dimethylsiloxane units ranging from 3% to 57%. The water uptake, the erosion properties (SPC type) and the hydrophobicity (FRC-type) have been studied for both the binders and the coatings formulated with and without biocides. The evolution of the hydrophobic properties of the coatings' surface has been investigated during their immersion in artificial seawater. The anti-adhesion properties of one series of copolymers have been investigated toward two marine bacterial strains. Then, the antifouling efficiency of the binders and the coatings formulated with and without biocides has been evaluated during their in-situ immersion in the Mediterranean Sea for 16 months at a maximum
Duong, The-Hy. « Synthèse, caractérisation, étude des performances de polymères à blocs utilisés comme liants de peintures anti-salissures marines ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/sciences/2014/These_Hy_2014.pdf.
Texte intégralThe aim of this study is to synthesize diblock and triblock copolymers based on tert-butyldimethylsilyl methacrylate and dimethylsiloxane monomer units. These monomer units have been selected to elaborate polymer films both hydrolysable in the marine environment and with a low surface energy. These copolymers have been fully characterized and have been formulated to develop FRC/SPC hybrid antifouling coatings. The performances of these new coatings have been compared to the two main types of antifouling coatings on the market:- the Self-Polishing coatings (SPC), based on hydrolysable polymer binders with an efficiency relied on the release of biocides in the marine environment and the erosion of the coating. Unfortunately, these coatings toxic for the marine environment;- the Fouling Release Coatings (FRC), based on hydrophobic and non-toxic silicone-based coatings which limit the adhesion strength of fouling organisms. Nevertheless, they are not efficient during idle periods. Block copolymers with controlled architecture, chemical composition and molar masses have been synthesized via the RAFT process from poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based chain transfer agents. These macro-chain transfer agents have been previously prepared from mono- and di-hydroxylated poly(dimethylsiloxane)s with molar masses of 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 g.mol-1. Three series of copolymer have been synthesized with molar masses ranging from 12,000 to 60,000 g.mol-1 and a mass content of dimethylsiloxane units ranging from 3% to 57%. The water uptake, the erosion properties (SPC type) and the hydrophobicity (FRC-type) have been studied for both the binders and the coatings formulated with and without biocides. The evolution of the hydrophobic properties of the coatings' surface has been investigated during their immersion in artificial seawater. The anti-adhesion properties of one series of copolymers have been investigated toward two marine bacterial strains. Then, the antifouling efficiency of the binders and the coatings formulated with and without biocides has been evaluated during their in-situ immersion in the Mediterranean Sea for 16 months at a maximum
Votat, Sébastien. « Mise au point de biopiles microbiennes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR064.
Texte intégralThe aim of this work was to utilize the capabilities of filamentous fungi to degrade aromatic organic molecules through enzymatic redox reactions and to immobilize them in a cell to generate electric current. We designed a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that used the fungus Trichoderma harzianum to eliminate methylene blue (MB) and violet crystal (VC), which are two aromatic dyes harmful to both the environment and health. The electrodes used (KIP and CSV) were provided by Dacarb - France and were made of carbon fabric. The anode of our MFC was coated with a biofilm of T. harzianum. Our experiments showed both an influence of the anode and the type of dye tested. For example, MB was eliminated much more quickly and completely than VC, which may be due to its simpler chemical structure. Nevertheless, we found that the MFC generated more electricity with VC due to a greater release of electrons during its degradation. The electrodes also had an impact on the power output. It was always higher with KIP, due to its denser and thicker structure, as well as its more pronounced hydrophobic character compared to the inherently hydrophobic nature of T. harzianum: for VC, it reached 229.6 W m-3 with KIP and only 0.6 W m-3 for CSV, and for MB, it was 70 W m-3 with KIP and 39 W m-3 with CSV. Pre-saturating the anode with dye eliminated a sorption phenomenon and showed a higher electrical power output. Experiments by running the MFC increased the power output with MB. To optimize the MFC, modifications of the proton exchange membranes (PEM) were made with a coating of polydopamine only ("Polydopamine") or combined with silver and copper particles at two different concentrations ("Ag 0.35", "Ag 0.035", "Cu 0.35", "Cu 0.035"), to give the PEM antifouling properties. SEM observations confirmed the presence of silver, while EDX was necessary to prove the presence of copper. AFM showed that copper formed a thinner and denser layer than silver. Contact angle measurements revealed the hydrophilic nature of polydopamine and hydrophobic nature of the metallic particles. Proton diffusion measurements showed that polydopamine facilitated proton transfer, while the metallic particles made it more difficult, with a more pronounced effect for copper due to its denser layer on the PEM. These results suggested that the "Polydopamine" and "Ag 0.035" PEM were the least impacted by surface treatment. Diameter of inhibition measurements revealed that the "Cu 0.35" coating seemed the most effective in inhibiting the growth of T. harzianum. The "Cu 0.035" and "Ag 0.35" PEM appeared to offer a favorable balance between proton conduction and antifouling properties for our MFC. The "Cu 0.035" PEM was chosen to verify hypotheses about the antimicrobial effect of copper. It showed effective and faster elimination of MB (80%) compared to an unmodified PEM MFC. This was explained by the contribution of copper, which likely stimulated the activity of the laccase enzyme. The MFCs operated for four successive cycles. The elimination of MB during the cycles remained effective but increasingly slower for the MFC with the unmodified PEM, unlike the one containing the "Cu 0.035" PEM. Moreover, the power of both MFCs decreased significantly due to the formation of a biofilm on the PEM. The "Cu 0.035" PEM was therefore not effective against biofouling. An MFC experiment with the "Ag 0.35" PEM showed the absence of fouling, opening an interesting perspective