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Voznyak, H., Kh Patytska, and Т. Kloba. "BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN MODERN RESEARCH OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL ASPECTS." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, no. 36 (2021): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.227893.
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In terms (conditions) of socio-economic crisis, there are changes in the algorithms of acceptance of the investment, financial, management, and other decisions at various levels, which requires the emphasis on the patterns of behavior of participants in financial and economic processes in conditions of risk and uncertainty. The article aims to review the key postulates of behavioral economics, substantiate the possibility and feasibility of applying the theoretical foundations of behavioral economics as the latest model of the irrational behavior of financial and economic relations in practice management at regional and local levels.
 The theoretical foundations of behavioral economics are revealed, the preconditions of origin (scientific bases, technological level, socio-economic bases) and stages of formation are determined. The interdisciplinary nature of behavioral economics as a science-based on the provisions of economics, psychology, sociology, neurobiology, and studies of socio-economic problems using non-traditional methods and approaches is proved. The study found that the growing trend of the practical application of behavioral economics at the regional and local levels is associated with the possibility of taking into account, except objective factors, irrational behavior of participants in financial and economic processes in conditions of risk and uncertainty. Behavioral differences between «economic man» and Humans are substantiated. It is established that people have such behavioral features as presumed irrationality; limited cognitive skills, emotions, morals, and social norms; limited selfishness; inconsistency (variability) of preferences. The expediency of studying economic relations at the regional and local levels on the basis of behavioral economics is justified by the possibility of explaining the abnormal behavior of economic agents in conditions of uncertainty and risk, which encourages the search for new behavioral strategies of financial and economic relations.
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Raut, Raju. "Financial Risk-Taking Behavior: A Quest for Determining Reliable Instruments to Measure." SADGAMAYA 2, no. 1 (2025): 38–44. https://doi.org/10.3126/sadgamaya.v2i1.80326.
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This study intends to provide a consistent and valid instrument for assessing financial risk-taking behavior by overcoming the shortcomings of current tools, including cultural bias and theoretical inadequacies. Drawing from behavioral finance and psychology theories, the study investigates how human characteristics (e.g., risk tolerance, overconfidence), economic circumstances, financial literacy, and cultural settings affect financial decision-making. The study finds four essential aspects of financial risk-taking behavior using qualitative and quantitative methods, including factor analysis and network analysis: Financial Risk-Taking, Psychological and Social Risk-Taking, Risk Aversion and Safety, and Thrill-Seeking. Data suitability for factor analysis is confirmed by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) score of 0.683 and a notable Bartlett's Test of Sphericity. Initially, twelve things were tested; eleven were kept following examination. The tool shows reasonable psychometric qualities, providing a more complex view of risk-related behavior in several contexts. The network study confirms the structural links among the variables even more. By giving a culturally flexible, theoretically based, and empirically validated scale appropriate for both academic research and practical financial counseling, this work adds to behavioral finance.
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Levkovska, Liudmyla, Lyudmyla Kozak, and Volodymyr Misai. "MACROECONOMIC MODELING IN UKRAINE BASED ON BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 31(59) (2023): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2023-31(59)-79-84.
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The article examines the problems of macroeconomic modeling in Ukraine in the context of the application of functional approaches of behavioral economics. At the same time, behavioral economics is defined as a new direction aimed at researching rational and irrational aspects of economic decision-making in the field of macroeconomic regulation and their impact on economic phenomena. The method of taking into account these aspects in macroeconomic models to ensure a better understanding of economic processes in Ukraine is analyzed. A methodological approach to modeling based on the theory of behavioral economics is considered. An analysis of the key elements that influence the decision-making process in the conditions of a market economy, as well as the peculiarities of their interaction with traditional macroeconomic factors, was carried out. The importance of taking into account individual psychology, social networks and other modern functional factors that can influence the economic decisions of the population and business entities is determined. The possibility of applying behavioral economic concepts to develop more accurate forecasts of economic development, in particular, to improve state economic policy, has been studied. It was determined that taking into account the irrational aspects of making economic management decisions can help to avoid their negative consequences and increase the overall level of stability of the national economy of Ukraine. The current state of macroeconomic modeling in Ukraine is analyzed and its main challenges are highlighted. On the basis of taking into account the specific features of the Ukrainian economy, the need to consider models that would take into account transformational processes adapted to the real conditions and features of economic activity in Ukraine was determined. It has been found that the implementation of behavioral aspects in macroeconomic strategies can contribute to reducing instability, improving forecasts and generally increasing the level of trust of participants in economic relations. The objective necessity of integrating behavioral aspects into modern macroeconomic models has been proven in order to achieve a more accurate and deeper understanding of economic processes in Ukraine, as well as to ensure effective management of the country’s economic development in the context of its post-war reconstruction.
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GOŁASZEWSKA-KACZAN, Urszula, and Julita AUGUSTYŃCZYK. "FOREIGNERS' EMPLOYMENT IN THE PODLASKIE LABOR MARKET: SELECTED ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Humanities and Social Sciences quarterly 30, no. 4 - part I (2023): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.43.
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The Podlaskie voivodeship is popular among foreigners, especially citizens of Belarus, as a place to live and work. Thus, it has become essential to recognize the effects of this process on the local labor market. This study’s main objective was to present selected economic aspects of employing foreigners in the Podlaskie voivodeship; it accomplishes this by analyzing available publications and statistical data. The article commences by indicating selected economic consequences of foreigners taking up employment in a host country’s labor market. It shows the scale of foreigners’ employment and distinguishes the numerous national groups taking up employment in the Podlaskie voivodeship, including their employment structure. The study also indicates the employment of foreigners in the deficit professions of the Podlaskie labor market. It concludes by indicating selected economic reasons and benefits of employing foreigners in this market.
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Partyko, Neonila, Svitlana Lozynska, Serhiy Karpyuk, Liudmyla Horshkova, and Serhiy Selyutin. "A STABLE BEHAVIORAL MODEL FOR THE USE OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENSURING FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 4, no. 51 (2023): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.4.51.2023.4122.
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The main purpose of the article is the formation of a new model for the use of organizational psychology in personnel management in the framework of ensuring financial and economic security. The object of research is the personnel management system. Within the framework of the study, a modern approach to the processes of using organizational psychology in personnel management in the system of ensuring financial and economic security was used. As a result of the study, a model for the use of organizational psychology in personnel management was presented. The innovativeness of the results obtained is presented in the form of a methodical approach to the formation of a stable behavioral model for the use of organizational psychology in personnel management in the framework of ensuring financial and economic security. The study is limited by not taking into account all aspects of organizational psychology. Thus, the prospects for further research will be devoted to expanding the use of organizational psychology in personnel management within the framework of a systematic approach. The difference between our results lies not only in the combination of psychology and safety but also in the use of a new modeling method.
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Kompaniets, Oleksandr, and Volodymyr Prykhodko. "ECONOMY AS A BACKGROUND OF CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS: THEORETICAL ASPECTS." International Interdisciplinary Scientific Journal "Expert" 1, no. 1 (2023): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.62034/2815-5300/2023-v1-i1-005.
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The article examines the economic aspect of international conflicts, in particular the role of the economic component in international conflicts. Individual causes of occurrence, management methods and principles of conflict resolution were studied, in order to structure theoretical knowledge about conflicts and determining the role of economic aspects in the reasons of conflicts, its influence on their course and the possibility of applying of economy as a lever that contributes to the prevention, resolution or minimization of the negative consequences of international conflicts, the search for solutions and the prevention of such in the future, also by taking into account the results of previous scientific studies and using the examples of modern interstate disputes. The main three functions that can be performed by the conflict economy have been defined and the importance of such roles for understanding the nature of the conflict and determining the methodology of its management and resolution has been defined. Authors studied the reasons of actual conflicts to reveal the role of economic aspects of each conflict in order to realize how is economy applied in those conflicts and if it could be as an instrument of aggression or as an instrument of stabilization and resolving the conflict. Also, the nature of conflicts itself was examined to understand if it is possible to find some signs that there is a possibility that a conflict is coming. This understanding could help to prevent the worst consequences of such foreign policy or how to manage it better. Some aspects of the psychology of the conflict were examined. The aim of studying this aspect was to realize which aspects give the possibility to the government to step in the conflict. And how the internal policy of some country could testify that country is preparing to some kind of a conflict. The different systems of internal state organizing were examined to understand which of them is more stable and which one is less stable and could not only move forward to the conflict, but also could be a kind of such conflict. Key words: international conflict, economic component, prevention tool, conflict psychology, interstate relations.
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ТРОФИМОВА, Е. Л. "GENDER CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH CONSUMER PREFERENCES." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 12(149) (May 21, 2023): 1185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2022.149.12.234.
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Психология потребления как область прикладных исследований в отечественной экономической психологии является относительно новым, недостаточно изученным, но практически востребованным направлением. Молодость – это этап социализации, характеризующийся профессиональным самоопределением, обретением относительной финансовой самостоятельности. Актуальным является изучение психологических аспектов экономического поведения и формирование рационального потребительского поведения у молодежи, с учетом пола потребителя, что, вследствие, поможет повысить эффективность промо–кампаний и увеличить объем продаж. The psychology of consumption as an area of applied research in domestic economic psychology is a relatively new, insufficiently studied, but practically demanded direction. Youth is a stage of socialization, characterized by professional self-determination, the acquisition of relative financial independence. It is relevant to study the psychological aspects of economic behavior and the formation of rational consumer behavior among young people, taking into account the gender of the consumer, which, as a result, will help increase the effectiveness of promotional campaigns and increase sales.
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Батухтин, А., and A. Batuhtin. "Phenomenon of Risk in Some Theories of the Humanities Knowledge." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 6, no. 3 (2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59d788600335a7.64460840.
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The modern world is full of risks, so the theory of risk, its properties and processes of management, are nowadays of particular interest. There are many theories, which contain different concepts and identifies the fundamental characteristics of this phenomenon. This paper aims to study the processes of effective risk management and prediction of the future, an important task of social management. The article discusses the postmodern (sociological) and perceptibility (psychology) risk-taking. Sociological theories of the postmodern approach to the concept of “risk” through the analysis of social relations. In turn, perceptivity approach treats risk through the “behavioral aspects” of human existence. The task of this article is to define the properties of risk in sociological theories and the search for such properties, the risk that would be inherent in any type of society. Analyzed the risk profile, offered by postmodern theory by U. Beck, N. Luhmann and A. Giddens, with the result that the basic properties of the risk applying to the Foundation. As well as identified behavioral aspects of risk that were considered in the context perceptivities approach, in D. Kahneman and A. Tversky. In the end, we offer a conclusion that common property, as an individual and the society as a system in General is an irrational risk aversion. This property does not depend on the era and type of society and retains its relevance from ancient times to the present day. The results obtained in this article can find its practical application in Sciences such as social philosophy, political science, management, Economics, psychology, sociology. Highlighted in the sociology of properties of a society built on risk, can be useful indicators or explanations of any of the events. In political science, Economics and management knowledge of the characteristics of the risk society (modern society) and people's attitude to risk will provide an advantage and will indicate any possible human behavior that will help in prediction and management. And this, in turn, could facilitate the implementation of industrial, corporate, or state objectives.
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Małecka, Joanna, and Yevhen Revtiuk. "Comparison of Entrepreneurial Attitudes – a Polish and Ukrainian Case Study." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (2019): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cplbu-2020-0050.
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AbstractThe definition of entrepreneurship is interdisciplinary. Its attitude-describing component alone incorporates many areas, including, primarily, social sciences such as psychology and sociology, followed by economics and law, while taking into account local institutional and legislative environment. Its multi-faceted nature is, however, not only about attitudes but, above all, measurable behaviours, the effects of which can be illustrated in the form of measurable results and balance sheets of enterprises. One of its most important aspects is the fact of influencing the economic environment and economic conditions of countries. Hence, any research in the field of entrepreneurship of social groups, or even nations, should focus on diagnosing the forms of economic activity and describing those environmental elements which will enable certain alleviation of the barriers to development, or even their complete elimination, which, in turn, will contribute to the growth of entire socio-economic systems.The article attempts to investigate the conditions that affect the willingness to carry on economic activity by analysing the entrepreneurial attitudes of Polish and Ukrainian citizens whose common denominators are: (1) having an engineering degree, (2) being professionally active, and (3) willingness to keep improving their qualifications.
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Mishenin, E. S. "Psychological factors of economic decision-making process." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 10 (December 6, 2024): 229–35. https://doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2024-10-229-235.
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Personality-psychological aspects influencing an individual’s economic behavior have been studied. It has been analyzed how cognitive abilities and personality characteristics influence the decision-making process under uncertainty. Theoretical concepts and empirical studies proving the significance of subjective and unconscious factors, such as emotions, biases, and risk perception, when forming complex patterns of economic behavior have been considered. The information processing mechanisms and decision-making stages in the context of economic activity have been considered. It has been demonstrated that psychological factors play a key role in investment and consumer decisions. It has been emphasized that the process of making economic decisions, such as choosing a production object, pricing policy, use of technology, taxation system, consumer choice, and investment, has its own specifics. The importance of considering general psychological regularities, a manager’s personal characteristics, risk management, and a systematic approach application has been studied. Special attention has been paid to the importance of subjective and unconscious phenomena, such as prejudices and stereotypes, which predetermine complex behavioral patterns of the economic sphere subjects. The study of these factors presents a prospect for further research in the field of psychology and economics, contributing to a deeper understanding of decision-making mechanisms and effective strategies development in economic activity management.
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Bukhtiyarov, Igor V., and Eduard I. Denisov. "Hygienic aspects of robotization: risk factors and safety principles." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 1 (2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-1-6-12.
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The paper presents a review and essays on the hygienic aspects of the problem of robotics. The absence of generally accepted international terminology is noted. There is given a definition of basic terms as a robot, an artificial intelligence system (AIS), and a cyber-physical system (CFS) - according to authoritative sources. In the literature, the term robot is often used to mean CFS. The origin of robots in Russia is briefly described. The role of AIS as the basis of a technological breakthrough is considered. There is represented statistical data on the scientific, economic, and social aspects of the introduction of robotics. Robots are believed to be more likely to replace tasks rather than jobs and create new types of them. The medical and social aspects of robotization based on the experience of the European Union, the USA, and South Korea are examined, and the prospects of creating "smart jobs" are emphasized. The types of robots and their application in industry and medicine for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation are described. It is emphasized that robots are the most advanced machines. The dangers created by robots, their causes, and possible consequences from physical (noise, vibration), chemical, electrical, ergonomic, and other perils are described. The presence of both "traditional" and new risk factors is noted. The systematics of the stages of human-robot interaction is proposed: ethical aspects in the design, communication psychology, contacts with the machine during its use and safety aspects, human physiological responses, possible clinical manifestations of health disorders. The safety principles of robots and CFS are formulated, and that the "smarter" the robots, the greater the risks of program failures and breakdowns are noted. The role of information hygiene and the need for training and health education of workers and the population are examined. Estimates are given of the prospects for the robotization of the profession. The occupation of hygienists in the era of digitalization and robotization is noted to have a future.
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A. Dzogovic, Suada, and Theranda Beqiri. "GENDER ANALYSIS AND COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF ECONOMIC (IN)EQUALITY." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 12, no. 2 (2022): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.092202.
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This paper provides an overview and critical review of the question of whether and to what extent has the coronavirus pandemic affected the economic situation of women. The case study in Bosnia and Herzegovina identified the key concepts that will guide our analysis and interpretation. Based on our experiences, we examine and investigate the economic and social status of women in general, and then monitor economic and social parameters during the coronavirus pandemic, to answer the key question- whether the pandemic caused more damage to men or women in economic terms, did it emphasize and deepen the existing gender gap in economic and social terms, or did it improve the position of women, which we consider less likely. This is a predominantly quantitative approach, given that we collected, compared, and analyzed various statistical data from the census, statistics from labor and employment agencies on the labor market, and similar. Using the compilation method we collected all relevant statistical data for research, and then relied on content analysis and comparison to draw key conclusions. Also, using the compilation method we collected various media reports related to the topic. Where there was a need for additional sources we used the interview as a qualitative method, where we relied on the experience of employment agencies, as well as non-governmental organizations dealing with gender equality issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Even though numerous studies have shown that the Covid-19 pandemic had a disproportionate impact on women, our research confirms that official statistics in Bosnia and Herzegovina do not reveal that women are significantly more economically affected than men. The expressiveness of women affected by the coronavirus pandemic and the impact on their economic status was also given through regression analysis and its results. Taking into account only R Square and its indicator of 48%, which is not negligible, it shows the economic position of women before the coronavirus, but certainly during the pandemic. However, given that the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic risk improving existing gender inequalities, we also seek to remind the relevant institutions of their commitment to addressing gender inequalities in all aspects of society and achieving these goals more quickly through a gender-sensitive approach. This, therefore, further opens up opportunities for gender equality, the effectiveness of sustainable development goals, and the empowerment of women in all aspects of social, political, cultural, and economic life.
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Sokol-Hessner, Peter, and Robb B. Rutledge. "The Psychological and Neural Basis of Loss Aversion." Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 1 (2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721418806510.
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Loss aversion is a central element of prospect theory, the dominant theory of decision making under uncertainty for the past four decades, and refers to the overweighting of potential losses relative to equivalent gains, a critical determinant of risky decision making. Recent advances in affective and decision neuroscience have shed new light on the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying loss aversion. Here, integrating disparate literatures from the level of neurotransmitters to subjective reports of emotion, we propose a novel neural and computational framework that links norepinephrine to loss aversion and identifies a distinct role for dopamine in risk taking for rewards. We also propose that loss aversion specifically relates to anticipated emotions and aspects of the immediate experience of realized gains and losses but not their long-term emotional consequences, highlighting an underappreciated temporal structure. Finally, we discuss challenges to loss aversion and the relevance of loss aversion to understanding psychiatric disorders. Refining models of loss aversion will have broad consequences for the science of decision making and for how we understand individual variation in economic preferences and psychological well-being across both healthy and psychiatric populations.
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Barabanov, R. "Psychological methods of impact: overview of the problem." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 5 (May 14, 2017): 262–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.579763.
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The relevance of this article is due to a change in the socio–economic and political situation in modern society. These changes lead to the expansion of the boundaries of the information space and increase the risk of irrational installations as a result of the active work of state propaganda. The article reveals various aspects of psychological impact as a phenomenon of social psychology, analyzes its history, structure, types, methods, analyzes the mechanisms of socio–psychological impact on the individual.
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Рибалко, Ірина. "A METHOD OF FORMING RATIONAL TEAMS OF CREATIVE PROJECTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY." "Scientific notes of the University"KROK", no. 4(76) (December 31, 2024): 187–94. https://doi.org/10.31732/2663-2209-2024-76-187-194.
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The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological aspects of developing a method for forming rational creative project teams under conditions of uncertainty by selecting candidates for the project team based on their riskiness. The relevance and necessity of this development is caused by the need to provide art project managers with effective tools for selecting candidates for the project team. An analysis of project team management models and methods, including the stage of candidate selection and team formation, has shown that the executors of these projects are creatively gifted individuals who have their own psychological aspects that differ from the psychology of rational people. This category requires a different approach. In addition, the creative sphere has its own specifics, which are reflected in the process of implementing art projects. All these factors cause additional risks that significantly reduce the percentage of successfully implemented art projects. Given the importance of art and the creative sector for the socio-economic development of a country, art project managers need models and methods to help them minimise the number of risks and/or their consequences and increase the success rate of projects. The development of this method is based on the concept that a manager should recognise and take into account that risks do not always occur in isolation. Rather, risks can be combined to create new risk situations, and/or one risk can cause or exacerbate the likelihood of occurrence or impact of another risk. This idea is reflected by the author in the conceptual model ‘Palette’, which was the impetus for the development of a mathematical model with an algorithm for calculating the degree of riskiness, taking into account the interconnectedness of risks through their sources of origin. The method of forming rational teams is based on the selection of candidates with the lowest riskiness indicators.
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Stozhko, Dmitry, and Natalia Stozhko. "Humanitarian Context of Modern Environmental Risks (Theoretical and Methodological Aspects)." E3S Web of Conferences 451 (2023): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345101015.
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The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis and assessment of the current environmental situation against the background of the global environmental crisis and constantly growing turbulence, uncertainty and environmental risks. The article reveals the humanitarian context of modern environmental risks caused by extensive industrial production, the cult of consumption and wastefulness that has lasted for many decades. The resulting “consumer society” brought the situation to a global environmental crisis and transferred itself into a “risk society.” In this regard, the article raises questions about the purposeful formation of environmental culture and improvement of the regulatory framework of environmental legislation, the development of environmental consciousness and environmental psychology. It is noted that economic or technical and technological tools alone were clearly not enough to overcome negative processes in the environment. The main condition for the implementation of the author's proposals is the rejection of wastefulness and so-called false needs in favor of frugality and moderation in the consumption of natural resources.
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Campbell, William, James Exley, and Patrick Doyle. "The Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN) and Financial Planning." Financial Services Review 31, no. 4 (2023): 228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.61190/fsr.v31i4.3178.
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Financial planning has moved beyond a purely economic model and now incorporates aspects of behavioral economics and counseling psychology to better serve clients. In this review, we suggest that personality psychology, particularly the Big Five or OCEAN model of general personality might also be useful in financial planning. Financial planners are well aware that different clients with different personalities bring different opportunities and challenges into the planning session, but planners might benefit from a more formal understanding of client personality. To this end, we describe the Big Five traits – Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism or OCEAN – and the basic personality science surrounding them. We next examine how each of the OCEAN traits is associated with key financial outcomes including: income, net-worth or wealth, financial literacy, financial risk tolerance, and financial happiness. We discuss profiles of the Big Five traits, including Resilient, Under controlled, and Over controlled profiles. Finally, we discuss some potential benefits for of incorporating personality science into financial planning research and practice.
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Firmansyah, Yohanes, and Imam Haryanto. "Psycho-Socio-Juridic Review Of Lockdown And Work From Home Policies On Psychological Symptoms In Productive Groups And Strategic Solutions Of National Economy." Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (2021): 531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v4i2.1347.
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Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on all strategic aspects of human life. The influential aspects are the health, economic and socio-cultural. The Covid-19 pandemic creates a dilemma for the Government to find the best way to benefit from various sectors efficiently. One of them is the implementation of lockdown and work from home to reduce the spread of Covid-19, but this has an impact on the emergence of various psychological disorders and the balance of the economic balance which tends to be negative. The focus of this research is to reveal the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown and Work From Home policies on psychological symptoms and to find the best alternative solutions in terms of the economic sector. This research consists of 2 main parts, namely survey research and research that examines the problems based on sociology with qualitative methods with the type of normative juridical research. The results of this study reveal that during the Covid-19 pandemic period caused a 39.1% incidence of insomnia, 12.1% incidence of depression, and 26.3% incidence of anxiety from various levels. Still, there was no strong relationship and correlation between existing policies such as Work From Home, income, layoffs, spiritual, psychological symptoms. A literature review reveals the most effective way to bridge these three aspects (health, economy, and psychology) is by applying the form of shifting or taking turns by dividing into a minimum of 2 teams, namely a minimum of 14 days of work and a minimum of 14 days for independent isolation at home.
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Pike, Alison, Alessandra C. Iervolino, Thalia C. Eley, Thomas S. Price, and Robert Plomin. "Environmental risk and young children’s cognitive and behavioral development." International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, no. 1 (2006): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406062124.
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Using a longitudinal, large-scale sample of British twins, we addressed the prediction of both cognitive abilities and behavioral adjustment from eight domains of environmental risk: minority status, socio-economic status, maternal medical factors, twin medical factors, maternal depression, chaos within the home environment, and parental feelings towards their children and discipline. Participants included 5765 families with twins (49.1% male) born in 1994 and 1995. Aspects of environmental risk were assessed from birth until the children’s third birthdays; outcome measures were assessed at their fourth birthdays. Overall prediction of outcome (via multiple regression analysis) was moderate (R = .23 -.48). SES and chaos were the strongest predictors for the cognitive outcomes whereas for total behavior problems the more proximal parenting factors were also dominant. Future analyses will investigate these environmental risk indicators in the context of the genetically sensitive twin design.
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Озерский, С. В. "THE IMPACT OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON CRIME RATES: CONTRADICTORY ASPECTS." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 1(52) (July 25, 2023): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2023.52.1.010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Статья посвящена проблеме, которая достаточно давно является предметом исследования российских и зарубежных ученых из различных научных областей (социологии, экономики, криминологии, криминалистики, криминальной психологии). Долгое время преобладала точка зрения, что рост безработицы напрямую влияет на рост преступности в обществе, исходя из того что отсутствие постоянного заработка стимулирует к моделям рискованного поведения. Однако ряд исследователей склонны ставить под сомнение такую точку зрения. Анализ результатов вторичных данных исследований, позволяет отметить, что безработица оказывает влияние, прежде всего, на экономические преступления, фактически никак не увеличивая риски роста насильственной преступности. Предметом исследования является безработица как фактор риска преступного поведения. В результате исследования теоретико-методологических подходов к рассматриваемой проблеме, статистики и вторичных данных результатов исследований, автор приходит к выводу, что безработица является одним из ключевых социальных факторов, который оказывает влияние на изменение криминальной среды во взаимосвязи с другими факторами. В статье использованы актуальные статистические данные, автор опирается на результаты исследований современных российских и зарубежных исследователей. The article is devoted to a problem that has been long the subject of research by Russian and foreign scientists from various scientific fields (sociology, economics, forensic science, criminal psychology). For a long time, the prevailing view has been that rising unemployment directly affects the growth of crime in society, based on the fact that the lack of constant earnings stimulates patterns of risky behavior. However, a number of researchers tend to question this point of view. Analyzing the results of secondary research data, it can be seen that unemployment has an impact, first of all, on economic crimes, without actually increasing the risks of an increase in violent crime. The subject of the study is unemployment as a risk factor for criminal behavior. As a result of the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem under study, the analysis of statistics and secondary data of research results, the author concludes that unemployment is one of the risk factors, but not the leading, but one of several key social factors that affects the change in the criminal environment, in relation to other factors. The study uses current statistics, the author relies on secondary research data from modern Russian and foreign authors.
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Olifer, Ivan. "DEVELOPMENT AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN ASPECTS OF BEHAVIORAL CORPORATE FINANCE." Economics and Management, no. 1 (2025): 147–55. https://doi.org/10.32782/2312-7872.1.2025.21.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study examines the development and formation of behavioral corporate finance based on various theories and the work of scholars, highlighting the key stages and their distinctive features. A comparative analysis of different behavioral economic approaches has been conducted. The paper analyzes the current state of national and foreign achievements, as well as the conceptual foundations for the development of behavioral corporate finance. Currently, behavioral sciences have become one of the key tools for predicting economic behavior at the micro, meso, and macro levels. Behavioral corporate finance has emerged as a distinct field at the intersection of finance, economics, neuroscience, and psychology. It explains corporate managers’ decision-making processes and forecasts irrational behavior influenced by emotions and cognitive biases, which affect corporate strategy and capital structure. The relevance of the study increases, particularly during critical economic periods when the level of irrational corporate behavior rises and the level of objective analysis decreases due to uncertainty. An analysis of corporate governance and financial decision-making shows that managerial behavior often deviates from the traditional rational decision-making model due to emotional and cognitive factors. Loss aversion, overconfidence, the status quo effect, and irrational optimism are the key factors influencing financial decisions. The key factors for studying behavioral corporate finance in Ukraine include: 1. The impact of globalization processes and the complexity of corporate processes. 2. Deviations from the rational model in corporate decision-making. 3. The lack of clear forecasting in investment and dividend policies due to the influence of social and psychological biases. 4. The low level of implementation of behavioral approaches in Ukraine. Behavioral corporate finance is actively applied in developed countries, especially in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Western European countries. This enhances the profitability of mergers and acquisitions, encourages the closure of low-profit business segments, and increases the use of internal financing (e.g., share buybacks by Apple and Microsoft). It also reduces debt financing (e.g., Tesla), ensures stability in dividend policies (e.g., Johnson & Johnson, Coca-Cola), promotes investment conservatism (e.g., Berkshire Hathaway), and reduces the risk of underestimating the management of target companies during acquisitions. In conclusion, the development and implementation of behavioral corporate finance at the national level are essential for further improving corporate governance and enhancing the quality of corporate financial strategies during periods of economic instability.
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Louhichi, Rim, Jacques Pelletan, and Mohamed Sallak. "Application of Prospect Theory in the Context of Predictive Maintenance Optimization Based on Risk Assessment." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (2022): 11748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211748.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The optimization of predictive maintenance relies mainly on the reduction of costs and risks, which can be of various types. The evaluation of risks cannot be realized independently of the psychology state and cognitive knowledge of the decision maker. In this article, we demonstrate this through the proposal of a methodology that tackles both optimization of maintenance and estimation of failure risks at the same time. The methodology takes as input the remaining useful life of the system at instant t and determines the optimal inspection step and the threshold of remaining useful life for predictive maintenance. The originality of the methodology consists of using a theory inspired by behavioral economics called prospect theory. Prospect theory allows modeling the outcome of a decision making by considering several aspects related to the decision maker, mainly loss aversion and a tendency to overestimate events with low probability of occurrence but with high economic losses. A case study was then developed where both cases were considered: with prospect theory and without prospect theory. A sensitivity analysis of the results under variation of some input parameters was carried out in a final step to confirm the consistency of the results and show the interest of prospect theory.
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Parlier, Michel. "L’orientation professionnelle dans l’entreprise : une alternative à la gestion des carrières." L’Orientation scolaire et professionnelle 25, no. 3 (1996): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/binop.1996.1153.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this article, we define the reasons and the conditions of the implementation of a vocational guidance function in companies. Several aspects of the economic and social context are presented : the continuous demands of more qualified jobs, the dislocation of job shapes, the end of ascending mobility due to the freezing of internal labor markets, the necessity but the insufficiency of diplomas, the throwing back into question of the career notion, the strengthening of human resource management which aims to obtain a more important commitment of the workers, the end of the involvement of the compagnies and the development of the competence model. Two alternative ways are proposed for the end of the career notion : professionalisation and vocational guidance. The article proposes a typology of companies that implement a vocational guidance function and concludes on the necessity of taking into account employability conditions.
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Khomovyi, S., M. Khomovyi, N. Tomilova-Yaremchuk, V. Lytvynenko, D. Liudvenko, and N. Khomiak. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AND ELEMENTS OF ITS AUDIT." POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, no. 68 (November 15, 2023): 30–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10132226.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article analyzes the relationships between economic behavior of subjects and their psychological instructions within the framework of accounting. The concept of economic psychology and its development in the world are considered. The main areas of perceived information by accountants through the sense organs were studied. The essence of the vision of the map of the inner world of a person is revealed in accordance with the statement of R. Assagioli. Social responsibility and the Code of Ethics of the accounting profession, which are formed on the basis of such interrelated factors as reliability, professionalism, quality, and trust, were studied. The types of accounting settings are considered: semantic, target and operational. The processes of motivation of accounting personnel at agricultural enterprises were studied, which made it possible to single out the interests, needs and incentives of employees of the accounting profession and to assert that material stimulation remains the most relevant for employees of the agricultural sector. The psychological aspects of the accountant's activity from the position of the business owner, who, in addition to qualifications, professional knowledge and skills, also make demands on the personal qualities of the accountant, are singled out. Factors influencing the activity of the accountant, which form the environment of the enterprise (size of the enterprise, psychological features, field of activity, professional knowledge) are analyzed. An analysis of the provision of quality characteristics of the audit by accountants and its impact on the economic prosperity of the agricultural enterprise in terms of the stay of employees at various stages of their activity was carried out. It has been proven that the underestimation of the psychological aspects of the activity of accounting employees of the enterprise increases the risk of ineffective decisions in the field of its financial and economic activity.
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Muzareba AM, Hossain T, and Nesa Z. "Insights on Investment Psychology of Individual Investors at Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) During The Covid-19 Pandemic." Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR) 5, no. 1 (2023): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v5i1.244.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Almost all calamities make a footmark on the financial sector, and COVID-19 is no different. On this ground, stock market investors' attitudes, thinking, and everything receives severe attention as investors' psychology is a common determinant of the trading activity and investment decisions which ultimately drive the market. Investors in developing countries like Bangladesh need a more rigorous analysis of their behavior as they are now more concerned and worried about their investments than before. They must be more vigilant in terms of preparation to eliminate the impacts of COVID-19. This paper aims at focusing on understanding how the spread of the pandemic is reshaping the psychological aspect of investors with a focus on four selected factors, risk perception, market psychology, media effect, and loss aversion. Three hundred eighty-five responses were collected through a questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic, where data was tested using Smart PLS 3.0 in conjunction with IBM SPSS 25. With the help of the measurement model and structural model of partial least square, the suggested framework in this paper has been studied to identify some aspects of investors' psychology that could potentially have insights and information on how countries should place themselves to respond to future epidemics. The effect size and individual t-test of the factors explain the affected state of thinking of retail investors, where loss aversion and risk perception affect investors the most. In contrast, media effects have a moderate influence, and market psychology has the least. The findings are expected to help investors and policymakers understand the behavior of the market and prepare accordingly for challenging the upcoming economic crisis in the corona war.
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Al-uqla, Khawla. "Psychological Observance in the Prophetic Approach." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Sharia'h Sciences and Islamic Studies, no. 93 (September 5, 2023): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/si63359112.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research deals with the Prophet's approach to psychological consideration and some of its aspects according to practical evidence that can be built upon. The researcher used the inductive approach and the deductive approach through studying the prophetic evidence and established positions, according to which she reached the results of the research, the most prominent of which are: He was among the perfections of his manners and good manners, peace be upon him, taking into account the psychological aspect of his companions and being gentle with their feelings, whether it was for an incident that occurred to them by mistake or for a transient situation. Of his attitudes with them, and he was a good companion and a kind cohabitant with his wives, and he took into account their feelings in what pleased themselves and forced their thoughts, and excused them when they were jealous, as he was keen to instill hope and a spirit of optimism in others, draw a smile on their faces, and expel misery, despair, and despair from them, when they think they are. The doors have been closed in front of them and the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, warned against intimidating people and raising anxiety among them, because of the negative effects and bad outcomes that are reflected on people’s health and their daily lives. Giving him a kind word or possible assistance with money, prestige, or emotional participation is the greatest consolation, as well as considering the reparation of the mistaken mind and taking into account the circumstances and psychology of Muslims, and their active participation in emotional feelings among themselves. Among the recommendations of the researcher, researchers and those interested in the Prophet’s curriculum, follow all aspects of observance in the Prophet’s curriculum, which include intellectual, advocacy, economic, political, and other fields.
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Åström, Therese, Martin Bergström, Kickan Håkansson, et al. "Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Delinquent Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Research on Social Work Practice 30, no. 4 (2019): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731519890394.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose: To examine the effects of Treatment Foster Care on youth with serious behavior problems. Method: Included studies are controlled trials with high or medium quality, published between 1990 and September 2017. The control group consists of youth with serious behavior problems in group care, and the follow-up time was at least 12 months. The review also examines ethical and economic aspects. Results: A total of eight controlled studies were included, consisting of 633 young people and 55 effect sizes. All studies examined the same model, Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO). There is moderate certainty of evidence that TFCO reduces the risk of future criminal behavior and the number of days in locked settings. Furthermore, there is low certainty of evidence that TFCO reduces the risk of delinquent peer associations, drug use, and depression. Discussion: TFCO is to be preferred to group care for youth with serious behavior problems. Ethical and economic implications are discussed.
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Shandrivska, Oksana, and A. Kira. "Applied aspects of design market research on marketing basis." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2022, no. 1 (2022): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2022.01.177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Ukrainian market of graphic design, which belongs to the sphere of creative industries, demonstrates high rates of development. The derivative nature of commercial demand for graphic design services, including professional design services, is determined by the dominance of video content in the network, the introduction of innovative technologies through digitalization of virtual space in the formation of social media feeds, loyal attitude of the target audience to integrate advertising, personalized and relevant offer active development of stock image, video and music platforms. The total amount of taxes paid by the design industry during 2016-2018 amounted to UAH 259 million. In 2019-2020, the amount of taxes paid by this sector will increase one and a half to two times a year. The individualization of advertising appeals has led to the need for in-depth study of the content and characteristics of attributes and values of goods that influence consumer purchasing decisions by marketers, designers and other professionals in related fields. A separate area of research is to study the impact of the psychology of design decisions on increasing the loyalty of end users and increase sales of companies in the sector. The application of a customer-oriented approach in the Ukrainian graphic design sector actualizes the identification of the tasks facing design from the standpoint of marketing approach. The aim of the study is to present the results of the study on the impact of psychological aspects of design decisions on the effectiveness of customer companies through such marketing tools as increasing brand awareness, increasing loyalty of end users, deepening interaction with content, feedback and more. Graphic design is an integral part of industrial and trade policy, as well as one of the marketing tools used in the process of product creation and customer service, pricing, advertising, branding, merchandising and more. The main tasks of design stem from the mastery of basic psychological principles in creating the concept of design (von Restorf effect, Gestalt principles, visceral reaction, color psychology, psychology of form, double coding theory, cognitive load theory). The expansion of marketing areas of design in the practice of service providers has led in the largest cities of Ukraine to the formation of sustainable design communities, the beginning of professional design activities, the introduction of niche publications, public procurement and more. As a result, there is an increase in the capacity of the design market – the total cost of procurement of design services for the period 2016 – by August 2019 increased to UAH 62 million. It has been established that the biggest competitors in the market of graphic design of Ukraine are now the design agency «MUZIKA.UA», graphic design studio SHANKA; Bypaul design studio; BRANDME; Wezom; Marat and Abordazh. On the example of projects of the agency «MUZIKA.UA», a leader in the design market, analyzed the effectiveness of design decisions in terms of: brand awareness, by measuring the average website traffic, levels of interaction with content, sales growth and market share due to design solutions per month. Based on the study of the economic situation in the design market of Ukraine, the practical involvement in the market of graphic design of one of the authors allowed to identify the main problems of market development. By identifying the main problems of the development of the graphic design market, directions for solving problems have been formed and proposed for practical use. The intensification of intra-industry competition requires a study of the levels of concentration in the target markets of graphic design, taking into account the risks of marketing and financial activities, which should be the subject of a separate study.
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Loginov, Igor, and Sergey Savin. "Geoinformation systems in population analysis of the distribution of depressive disorders in Khabarovsk." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 3 (2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-3-26-39-52.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research is devoted to the use of modern geoinformation technologies for the analysis of spatial medical and demographic data. On the example of the medical and ecological geoinformation system (MEGIS) of Khabarovsk the possibilities of geoinformation technologies in the study of the spread of depressive disorders in a large city and the analysis of cause-and-effect relationships between this disease and some socio-economic factors are shown. The features of mathematical support of MEGIS necessary for population epidemiological analysis are considered. The possibilities of using correlation-regression and cluster-discriminant analysis for these purposes are shown. At the stage of the initial manifestation of symptoms of depression, statistically significant binary risk factors for depressive disorders were established, which were used in the diagnostic questionnaire. Developed complex recognition, classification and predictive models on the individual level, to assess the risk of developing depressive disorders and to predict the potential severity of the disease. At the population level, risk groups for depressive disorders in patients who have suffered depressive episodes in childhood should be formed. Based on the results of multi-level GIS and classification and predictive modeling based on individual clinical dynamically, socio-psychological, transcultural and environmental health risk factors formulated practical recommendations to improve the prevention of depressive disorders. The study of clinical and pathodynamic, socio-psychological, transcultural and medico-ecological aspects of non-psychotic depressive disorders with the use of geoinformation systems was carried out for the prevention of depression and mental health stabilization of the region population. The results of this research can be used by specialists in geoinformation systems, medical demography, medical psychology and social psychiatry, sociology, psychiatry, psychology and family medicine, conflictology, information modeling and system analysis in health care.
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Илькевич, Сергей, Sergey Ilkevich, Вера Шлапак, and Vera Shlapak. "The Interdisciplinary Approach to Crisis Management: Recent Trends in International Studies." Servis Plus 8, no. 1 (2014): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2797.
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Despite the fact that crisis management both in terms of the nature of knowledge required and approaches used is largely a synthesis of various disciplines, interdisciplinary aspects and the relationships do not receive sufficient attention. International literature of recent years allows a somewhat broader look at a number of both theoretical and practical aspects of crisis management in a wider context of topics and disciplines. A thorough multi-disciplinary approach to crisis management could be an important part of both the domestic research and training, and practice in the field of crisis management. This article reviews some of the most important interdisciplinary connections of crisis management with risk management, corporate governance, macroeconomic shocks, the concepts of stakeholders and corporate social responsibility, information technology, new institutional economic theory, and a number of concepts from sociology and psychology. The list of categories, models, individual concepts and theories of different subject areas which are closely interrelated with crisis management, according to international researchers, is quite long. In connection with the problems of crisis management this paper considers integrated risk management, holistic risk management, COSO-approach, moral hazard, the abuse of information asymmetry, opportunism, adverse selection, bounded rationality, the propagation model of bankruptcies depending on macroeconomic factors, the models of the influence of international integration and globalization on the dynamics of bankruptcies, epidemic models in crisis management, the sociological concept of disaster management, stakeholder theory of crisis management, the concept of reputation damage of crises, high-frequency trading in financial instruments, and the concepts of organizational learning and organizational storytelling. These and other interdisciplinary concepts serve as a book of recipes that can be applied with varying degrees of relevance to various crises in a company. It is plausible to assume that, other things being equal, crisis management, using an interdisciplinary arsenal, will be more effective and adaptive than the more limited approach based solely on the core of crisis management: economic analysis, legal regulation, management and marketing basics.
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Yates, Simeon, and Eleanor Lockley. "Social Media and Social Class." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 9 (2018): 1291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773821.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background:This article explores the relationship between social class and social media use and draws on the work of Pierre Bourdieu in examining class in terms of social, economic, and cultural capital. The article starts from a prior finding that those who predominantly only use social media formed a higher proportion of Internet users from lower socioeconomic groups. Data: The article draws on data from two nationally representative U.K. surveys, the OfCom (Office of Communications) Media Literacy Survey ( n ≈ 1,800 per annum) and the Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport’s Taking Part Survey ( n ≈ 10,000 per annum). Methods: Following Yates, Kirby, and Lockley, five types of Internet behavior and eight types of Internet user are identified utilizing principal components analysis and k-means clustering. These Internet user types are then examined against measures of social, economic, and cultural capital. Data on forms of cultural consumption and digital media use are examined using multiple correspondence analysis. Findings: The article concludes that forms of digital media use are in correspondence with other social, cultural, and economic aspects of social class status and contemporary social systems of distinction.
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Girardi, Paolo, Luca Bonanni, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Federica Fiaschè, and Antonio Del Casale. "Evolution of International Psychiatry." Psychiatry International 1, no. 1 (2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1010004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
International psychiatry is currently facing serious challenges triggered by the global economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. These global events lead to the need to broaden our nosographic and therapeutic horizons, and to make use of the newest psychological approaches and the latest neuroscience acquisitions. The focus should be on the psychological consequences of the pandemic, not only on people suffering from mental disorders, but also on the general population, for which the risk of developing psychic symptoms appears to be increased. A population that needs special attention is that of health workers involved in the management of the pandemic. In facing these problems, psychiatry today can use numerous new clinical applications and technologies in the fields of precision medicine. These include genomics, neuroimaging, and microbiomics, which can also be integrated with each other through machine learning systems. They can provide new contributions both in treatment personalization and in the evolution of nosographic systems. Besides this, the contribution of psychotherapies and dynamic and clinical psychology appears to be indispensable for a complete understanding of the clinical and personological aspects of patients. This journal aims to include innovative studies deriving from original, clinical, and basic research in the fields of mental health, precision psychiatry, genomics, neuroimaging, neuropsychopharmacology, and dynamic and clinical psychology.
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Ratele, K. "The Interior Life of Mtutu: Psychological Fact or Fiction?" South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 3 (2005): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500310.
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This article seeks to understand the routes to, and pasts, possibilities and forms of, the interior world of the African or black person in its relations to the politics and economy of superiority and separation. The world that is explored is primarily sexual, and therefore, incorporates embodied life, but of necessity widens to include affective, cognitive, and purposeful aspects. In the face of the scarcity of scholarly psychological literature in the area of the intimate lives of black individuals, particularly when seen against the backcloth of colonial and apartheid arrangements, the article begins by arguing for the importance of turning to other, imaginative, sources for help in trying to comprehend African interiors. It then turns to meanings of intimacy on which interiority is indexed, going on to discuss the notion in relation to the social, political and economic history of South Africa, while taking in the notion of soul along the way. Next, the interest of colonial and apartheid regimes in intimacy is traced, showing that this interest stretched beyond interpersonal relations to the very calculus of discrimination and domination. The article concludes by urging African scholars to take black inner life a little more seriously and without abandoning creativity, still locating such efforts within radical and ethical theoretical frameworks.
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Urazova, Svetlana L. "Creative industries: visualization of communications and aestheticization of media forms." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 28, no. 3 (2023): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2023-28-3-585-594.
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The improvement of innovative technologies has a direct impact on the social space and media market, forcing media producers to update and increase their competences and skills in line with the requirements of the digital age. This is due to the emergence of new professions in media content production, as well as to the recognition of the growing creative and economic potential of creative industries. The aim of the research is to show the relationship between the media industry and the creative industries in the context of their humanitarian contribution to the development of the digital future. The method of selective reading and commenting on sources from different sciences - philosophy, psychology, culturology, semiotics, art history, media communication studies - is used. It is revealed that the introduction of IT-technologies in media production and the adaptation of media in the digital economy make it necessary to revise approaches to the study of humanities and develop a theory of media taking into account the application of interdisciplinary knowledge. It is also concluded that visualisation through the actualisation of imagination is important. In the information environment, the need for visualisation of communications and aestheticisation of modern media forms related to the cultural and historical horizon of the digital age is now prevailing. These aspects are also substantiated, emphasising the importance of the role of creative industries in the digital future, their economic and humanitarian components, which allow society to be imbued with the axiological paradigm of the new reality.
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Schintler, Laurie, Amanda Root, and Kenneth Button. "Women’s Travel Patterns and the Environment: An Agenda for Research." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1726, no. 1 (2000): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1726-05.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Demographic change, new family structures, and concerns about personal safety are contributing to a growing use of motorized transportation by women. The increasing importance of women as travelers has implications for the ways in which transportation policy must be reviewed in an era when sustainable development has become a key issue. An appreciation of the particular nature of women’s travel behavior, and their designed behavior, could facilitate an easier path to sustainability. The travel patterns, needs, and psychology of women are examined, as well as the influence of these patterns and behavior on efforts to promote sustainable development. Women’s travel patterns differ in important ways from those of men. In particular, gender differences arise in ( a) the distance traveled, ( b) the mode of travel, and ( c) the complexity and purpose of trip making. The particular psychology of women contributes to these patterns. In comparison with men, women tend to be prone to ambivalent feelings, but their analysis of these feelings can prompt leaps in thought and creative solutions to problems. In addition, women are more risk averse than men. Risk aversion may affect women’s travel decisions—for example, when security is a concern. Changes in the economy also are placing new demands and constraints on women, their lives, and their travel patterns. Future research on women and transportation should focus on the psychological aspects of women’s travel, the special travel needs and circumstances of women, and the influence of changing economic conditions on women’s travel patterns and the environment.
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B.M., Ubaydullayeva. "CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD SOCIALIZATION IN UZBEK FAMILY IN MINDON VILLAGE." Journal of Central Asian Social Studies 02, no. 03 (2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/jcass/volume02issue03-a10.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study of child socialization is one of the current problems of ethnology. Because through the upbringing of a child, one can learn a lot about the lifestyle, spiritual outlook, psychological image and socio-economic history of the people. This article aims to study the features of child socialization in a modern Uzbek village on the example of a village. The information in the article was collected during the author's expeditions to the village of Mindon in 2012-2014. Research methods: direct observation, in-depth interview-based interviews and questionnaires. Theoretically, it was based on T. Parsons' structural functional theory on the study of socialization [26, p.58]. In this theory, the family is shown as the first major stage of socialization. The study shows that the traditional method of upbringing in the family depends on the lifestyle of the people and is based on the experience of the people in child psychology, taking into account the mental and physical aspects of the mother from pregnancy to childbirth and adolescence. The data presented in the study can be used to study the culture, ethnography, spiritual and moral characteristics of the Uzbek people and to theoretically enrich such areas as ethnopsychology, ethnopedagogy, gender socialization, sociology of education.
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B.M., Ubaydullaeva. "Traditions Of Child Raising In Uzbek Rural Family." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 06 (2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue06-13.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study of the issue of child socialization is one of the current problems of ethnology. Because through the upbringing of children, one can learn a lot about the lifestyle, spiritual outlook, psychological image and socio-economic history of the people. This article aims to study the features of child socialization in a modern Uzbek village on the example of a village. The information in the article was collected during the author's expeditions to the village of Mindon in 2012-2014. Research methods: direct observation, in-depth interview-based interviews and questionnaires. Theoretically, it was based on T. Parsons' structural functional theory on the study of socialization [26, p.58.]. In this theory, the family is shown as the first major stage of socialization. The study shows that the traditional method of upbringing in the family depends on the lifestyle of the people and is based on the experience of the people in child psychology, taking into account the mental and physical aspects of the mother from pregnancy to childbirth and adulthood. The data presented in the study can be used to study the culture, ethnography, spiritual and moral characteristics of the Uzbek people and to theoretically enrich such areas as ethnopsychology, ethnopedagogy, gender socialization, sociology of education.
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Kazlauskiene, Jurgita, Alvydas Navickas, Sigita Lesinskiene, and Giedre Bulotiene. "Risk factors for suicide in cancer patients and preventive measures: a literature review." Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 24, no. 4 (2022): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/app/152776.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of the study is to identify the main risk factors for suicide and review aspects of suicide prevention. Evidence shows that suicide is higher among cancer patients than in the general population. Lithuania has been in a leading position in suicides worldwide. It is very important to care about cancer patients’ emotional status because advances in health care offer great promise for patients’ physical health. Material and methods: This review was conducted using data sources from the PubMed electronic bibliography published over the past ten years. Articles were selected using the keywords “the risk factors”, “suicides”, and “the patients with cancer”. After selection, seventy-two articles were suitable for the analysis. Results and discussion: The main suicide risk factor was depression; a less frequent factor was other mental pathology. Symptoms such as pain, weakness and decreased physical capacity play an important role in the risk of suicide. Suicide was also affected by the localization of the tumour; a short time elapsed since diagnosis was also important. As in the general population, social, economic, and demographic factors such as male gender, loneliness, age, and low income are important risk factors for suicide among cancer patients. Conclusion: To reduce the risk of suicide in cancer patients, it is appropriate to create a united, practice-friendly suicide risk assessment system and develop psychoeducational training and psychological assistance for medical staff and family members.
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Walsh, Susan. "““Arithmetic of Bedlam!!””: Markets and Manhood in Charles Reade's Hard Cash." Nineteenth-Century Literature 63, no. 1 (2008): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2008.63.1.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract In Charles Reade's underread sensation novel Hard Cash (1863), the hero is imprisoned in an insane asylum so that his father's fiscal crimes may remain concealed. The exposéé of asylum abuse that follows this development, together with Reade's fierce critique of how committal laws may be exploited by unscrupulous others, has understandably foregrounded the lunacy plot as the novel's defining feature. This essay, however, presents an economic reading that examines how the lunacy thread extends from the title Hard Cash, which announces the novel's theme. The Cash in question is a coveted and surprisingly mobile sum of money, ££14,000, whose nominal amount and vicissitudes reflect aspects of the larger Victorian economy. It is the ““one point”” toward which action and interests converge. Hard Cash captures a structure of feeling at mid-century, a sense of what it feels like to be an economic man, rendering modern consciousness in melodramatic and sensational modes. By literalizing idioms of anxiety and assaulting male characters with relentless reversals of fortune, Reade dramatizes how economic pressures shape the hero's psychology, behavior, and conception of heroic manliness, fashioning him into a modern subject suited to the commercial age. The examples of madness in Hard Cash extend far beyond the hero's case, and are rooted in financial realities that include unreliable monetary instruments, panic-stricken markets, speculative fevers, and perennial debates about risk, credit, and the nature of money.
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Tripathy, Dr Tridibesh, Shankar Das, and Dr Manjushree Kar. "Long COVID 19 & Homoeopathy." Saudi Journal of Medicine 7, no. 1 (2022): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2022.v07i01.014.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the late 2019, the COVID 19 has had a series of illnesses in patients who had an attack of infection. These symptoms exist in patients even long after the recovery phase. These are called the long COVID syndromes. The current article examines the contribution of Homoeopathy to deal with these long COVID issues. The article traces the syndrome in its major forms & its implications on other aspects of the body. Thereafter, it deals with the subject of the changing face of the pattern of symptoms through the dimension of how, why, when, where and whom of these patterns. Following that the burden of the long COVID is explained through the social & economic impacts that it has exerted while perpetuating poverty. Taking cue from one of the elaborate & established books in the Homoeopathic world, it deals with what Homoeopathy had offered, is offering & the potential to offer in the future to deal with this long COVID pandemic.
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Varfolomeev, A. A., O. P. Ivanov, I. V. Surma, and Yu A. Trefilova. "Russian System of Foreign Policy Expertise." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 5 (2020): 266–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-266-292.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: The article considers the system of foreign policy expertise as an independent subject of research. The authors note the positive aspects of competitive analysis of the external nvironment, which allows one to level out the asymmetry of political and economic cultures within a given country, as well as to smooth out the personal interests. This ensures a variability of approaches in foreign policy decision-making, which ultimately contributes to the promotion of balanced national interests. The North American approach differs in preferences, methodological trends, forms of theoretical ethnocentrism and various forms of social construction. The European scholars and experts in foreign policy analysis use the theory of international relations much more extensively than their North American counterparts.Based on the analysis, we propose to use a comprehensive integrated method, developed in the Russian Diplomatic Academy, using an interdisciplinary approach based on elements of political psychology, sociology of management, international law, structural, functional and institutional approaches, etc. We also propose to use virtual cognitive centers and methodologies, which not only contain a specific sequence of stages of predicting the development of the international situation, but also provide an opportunity to choose methods of Foresight, taking into account the existing time, human resources and financial constraints, and the possibility of their adaptation to the applied tasks of analytical and prognostic activities of federal authorities in the field of foreign policy.
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Badea, Dorel, and Dumitru Iancu. "Rationality and Subjectivity in Preliminary Analysis of Acquisition Options of Technical Systems." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 1 (2018): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0040.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Modeling the acquisition decision and, consequently, managing the capabilities of technical systems involves multiple options that need to be optimized first, based on universal constraints such as time, quality, cost, etc. The criterion of use (private or institutional), according to which analyzes can evolve differently, is also important. Regardless of the way in which these considerations are taken, there is always a difference of approach given by the quantitative and / or qualitative tools used but also by biases, heuristics and mindsets. The article analyzes succinctly, on an example of calculation (based on a matrix used in the theory of decision to evaluate the different alternatives made available, when we have a basic model to be referred to), the universe of these analytical modalities, underlining the idea of making analyzes using a maximum level of objectivity and minimizing as much as possible subjectivism. It has been chosen as a way of applying the field of procurement of technical systems with the possibility of highlighting as many aspects as possible on the decisional criteria. Critical analysis of the robustness of the choices made by the human factor as a rational decision-maker is presented, as it is seen in the classical economic theory, but taking into account the limitations highlighted by modern theories in the fields of psychology and information theory
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Nagra, Baljit, and Paula Maurutto. "No-Fly Lists, National Security and Race: The Experiences of Canadian Muslims." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 3 (2019): 600–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz066.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Despite the increasing use of no-fly lists in countries like the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, their impact has not been explored in academic research. In a bid to fill this gap, we conducted 70 in-depth interviews with Muslim community leaders to explore Canadian Muslims’ experience of the no-fly list. We find the Canadian no-fly list targets Muslim communities, restricts mobility, separates individuals from family and friends, diminishes professional and economic opportunities, and stigmatizes those labelled a security risk. Drawing on the preventive security literature and critical race studies of counter-terrorism, this research demonstrates how no-fly lists erode fundamental aspects of justice, and reproduce racial hierarchies.
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Fomina, Valentina Fedorovna. "Sustainability-window based social, ecological and economic sustainability of a northern region." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Экономика» = Perm University Herald. ECONOMY 17, no. 2 (2022): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2022-2-197-220.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A review of the scientific literature and other materials related to sustainable development and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals at the national level shows that there is a need to take into account all aspects of sustainable development: environmental, social, economic. In this regard, monitoring and measuring the sustainability of the development of regional social, ecological and economic systems, the pace of change, determining the vector of development of the main components and their relationship are of high relevance. The analysis revealed the methodology of sustainable development window (SuWi) applied for an integral assessment of the social, ecological and economic sustainability of the northern region. This methodology takes into account the principles of sustainable development to the greatest extent. Methodology’s scope is to determine the parameters of minimum and maximum economic development, highlight the GDPmin – GDPmax interval (or a sustainability window), which helps economic development meet the criteria of social and environmental sustainability. The parameters of the window’s minimum level are determined by social criteria, while the window’s the maximum level – by environmental ones. The sustainability window scope is defined as follows: an analytical database (2007–2019) of the northern region (Komi Republic) is compiled in economic, social and environmental dimensions; assessment criteria (indicators) for the main components of sustainable development are reasoned; their index relative to the base year is assessed (in absolute value and intensity); the lower and upper limits of the stability window are defined by calculation and graphical methods, the window’s integral width is found taking into account all indicators. SuWi analysis of social sustainability showed that “wages” and “life expectancy at birth” out of the five indicators correspond to the minimum level of economic growth. At the same time, it should be noted that since 2017, economic performance decline has been a constraining factor for the region’s social development in terms of these indicators as well. The authors arrive at the conclusion that the situation in the development of the northern region is unfavorable, primarily in the social sphere due to the long-term decline in the gross regional product (which is below its baseline since 2014), which requires enhanced economic growth. The study gives valuable results in sustainability-window based social, ecological and economic sustainability analysis, which makes the study relevant. The methodology of the sustainable development window can be built into the management decisions system for the respective authorities. In the future, research should be focused on improving the economic stability of the region, conducting an in-depth analysis of the possibilities aimed to overcome the recession identified in this paper.
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Jaeger, Thomas. "Juxtaposed to ACTA or more of the Same? A Look at IP Enforcement under the EUs Economic Partnership Agreements." European Foreign Affairs Review 17, Issue 3 (2012): 411–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2012032.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Global intellectual property (IP) enforcement is a hot issue. The EU and the US, in particular, are committed to taking the level of protection beyond the minimum established by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) in 1994.This is evidenced, for example, by the EU's Global IP Enforcement Strategy of 2004, by the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) finalized in 2010 and by a number of bi- and plurilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) concluded in recent years. Some criticism has been voiced in civil society as well as in academic writing against this TRIPS-plus drive, particularly in relation to ACTA. In the context of EU-ACP trade relations, the EU has now drawn up a special kind of FTA, the so-called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). Designed for developing countries, EPAs include a range of non-mercantilist goals. In accordance with this, EPAs were announced as the dawn of a new era in trade relations with developing countries. This article takes the controversial field of IP enforcement as an example for scrutinizing that new approach. As will be shown, a comparison of their rules on IP enforcement to standard IP enforcement provisions of a purely economic character, prominently the EU's domestic legislation, ACTA and general FTAs, sadly hints that any enthusiasm over EPAs in terms of development-friendliness may be premature. IP enforcement under EPAs lacks conceptual coherence and credibility in the implementation of development-related goals. This analysis is pinned against the background of a discussion of the overall role and effects of enforcement provisions in international trade agreements at the beginning and in the conclusion of this article.
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Friedman, Sharon M., Kara Villamil, Robyn A. Suriano, and Brenda P. Egolf. "Alar and apples: newspapers, risk and media responsibility." Public Understanding of Science 5, no. 1 (1996): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/5/1/001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During 1989, a major environmental and health risk issue, the spraying of Alar on apples, created a furor among the American people. After hearing charges from the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) that eating Alar-laden apples significantly increased a child's risk of developing cancer, numbers of school districts dropped apples from their menus and parents poured apple juice down the drains. Apple sales plummeted. The NRDC's charges, which were disseminated by a well-planned and effective public relations campaign, brought counter-charges from the US Environmental Protection Agency, which accused the NRDC of basing its study on poor data, among other things. The core of the dispute was in the risk figures and risk interpretations being used by each organization. This study reviewed coverage in 13 newspapers during 1989 of the Alar issue. It found good and bad aspects, but little to support the degree of criticism applied by many people to media coverage of Alar. The 13 newspapers produced a total of 297 articles during the year and were not sensational in their approach. Many played the story in the prime news sections, alerting people to possible problems as suggested in most interpretations of media responsibility. Many articles also included a large number of sources and gave the apple industry a prominent voice. More problematic was their treatment of the Alar story as a hard news event, with short, superficial articles that lacked detailed analysis of the central part of the controversy—the risk issues. Four newspapers from apple-growing regions provided generally better coverage of the issue than did those from non-apple regions. The Alar issue has become a major landmark in media coverage of risk. The coverage had great economic and other repercussions that still continue. These newspapers would have been more responsible had they made health risk information more central in their coverage. Instead, reporters covered the conflict itself instead of the science behind the conflict. The study suggests a new model of risk reporting to better serve readers and viewers.
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Vakhidova, Lucia V., Elvira M. Gabitova, Lira R. Saitova, and Oksana G. Startseva. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM «PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION»: EXPERIENCE, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT." Pedagogicheskiy Zhurnal Bashkortostana 88, no. 3 (2020): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21510/1817-3292-2020-88-3-55-67.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article describes the process of training future specialists under the program "Professional education", its features, conditions for implementation, aspects of further development, as well as some of the difficulties that arise during its organization. The focus of the department on how to create a new architecture of the educational process within the program "Professional education" is set by the leading principles: modularity, integrability, flexibility and dynamism, and methodological approaches - competence, activity-based, subject-oriented, environmental – were the basis for its development. As a result the authors presented a model for training a modern specialist with formed professional skills and personal and professional qualities, capable of being in demand in the labor market. The research results can be used in the educational process in the context of how to implement relevant programs in accordance with the new requirements in the educational services market. The rapid technologization of the socio-economic development of our society was reflected in the system of vocational education, designed to prepare highly qualified and competent specialists for the modern economy, science and industry. The transformation of the educational sphere is taking place under the influence of new technologies and human practices that change the social order. The determined infrastructural spheres have the greatest impact on this transformation, we are talking about "Communication Infrastructure": the sphere of information and communication technologies that affect all processes of accumulation and transmission of information; "Infrastructure of production and consumption": a financial and investment sphere, which sets the general rules for interaction in the economic and educational system. The above said made it possible to determine the further vector of educational activities of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Vocational Education in training the specialists in "Professional Education" field both at the bachelor and master degrees.
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Louise, George. "Indonesian Minister of Religion's New Policy Proposal: 1 Semester Pre-Marital Guidance." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 7, no. 1 (2025): 7. https://doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.7.1.7-20.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Premarital guidance is a preventive measure in building family resilience and reducing divorce rates. The government, through its latest policy, requires one semester of premarital guidance for prospective brides and grooms. This policy aims to equip couples with a comprehensive understanding of household life, the rights and obligations of husband and wife, and skills in resolving family conflicts. This article examines the government's policy regarding one semester of premarital guidance, its implementation practices, and its goals and functions in forming harmonious and prosperous families. In its implementation, one semester of premarital guidance involves religious institutions, academics, and family law practitioners. The materials taught include aspects of marriage law, reproductive health, family psychology, and household economic management. Learning methods include lectures, interactive discussions, simulations, and case studies, in order to provide a deeper and more applicable understanding for prospective brides and grooms. Although this policy has significant benefits, challenges in its implementation include the readiness of human resources, infrastructure, and public awareness of the importance of premarital guidance. In general, the main objective of one semester of premarital guidance is to increase the readiness of couples in facing married life, reduce the risk of divorce, and create harmonious and quality families. The function of this guidance includes educational, preventive, and curative aspects, which help couples build effective communication, resolve conflicts wisely, and understand each other's roles in the family. With this guidance, it is hoped that couples will have a strong foundation in living their married life, so that they can create a happy and prosperous family.
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No author, No author. "Economics And Pricing of Certain Segments of The Pharmaceutical Market." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 14, no. 3 (2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2023.14.03.21.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pharmaceutical innovations over the past half century have made it possible to effectively treat and prevent a wide range of diseases. These achievements were so important for modern healthcare that equal access to them is considered one of the basic human rights. This article examines the economics and pricing in certain segments of the pharmaceutical market. The authors analyze various aspects affecting drug prices and price formation mechanisms in various segments of the pharmaceutical industry. The article considers the role of pharmaceutical companies, government regulators and consumers in determining the prices of medicines. The authors investigate the influence of factors such as research and development costs, production costs, patent protection, supply and demand, as well as political and regulatory measures on the formation of prices for pharmaceuticals. It is noted that although the demand for medicines is one of the driving forces of pharmaceutical spending, price increase is the main problem for health system managers, as drug prices increasingly seem unfair. The paper also analyzes various pricing strategies used by pharmaceutical companies, including differentiated pricing, cost pricing and pricing based on the value for a patient. The authors explore the advantages and limitations of each strategy and offer recommendations on the optimal choice of pricing strategy in different segments of the pharmaceutical market. The article ends with the main conclusions and offers recommendations for pharmaceutical companies and government regulators regarding effective pricing in certain segments of the pharmaceutical market, taking into account economic, political and social factors. The study has an important meaning for understanding the complexities and challenges associated with pricing in the pharmaceutical industry and helps to determine optimal pricing strategies for various market segments.
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Khrenov, N. A. "On the Psychological Interpretation of the Prehistory, History and Posthistory of Revolutionary Consciousness in Russia: How do “Gods” Arise in a Profane Society?" Политическая концептология: журнал метадисциплинарных исследований, no. 3 (October 15, 2023): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2949-0707.2023.3.79104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article raises the question of the activity of the psychological factor in extreme situations taking place in the history of peoples, such as revolutions and wars. In the Russian science of the twentieth century, which is influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx, usually the study of such extreme situations is limited to the consideration of sociological, economic and political aspects. Less attention is paid to the effect of the psychological factor, since it is usually associated not with the collective, but with the individual principle, although it is extremely difficult to separate one from the other. This is a problem. Inattention to psychology in Russia is also explained by the boom, associated with the birth of an industrial or mass society in the XI century, the laws of functioning of which should be understood. As a result, there was a bias in science towards sociology. In addition, the underestimation of both the individual and the psychological principle of domestic science is due to K. Marx, whose theory is exhausted by social and economic factors. At the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, Russian science has outlived the underestimation of the psychological factor. One of the directions in these shifts can be considered the formation of social psychology as a science, which in its early stages was designated as the psychology of the masses. It is difficult to do without this science when the subject of research is the activities of politicians. Extreme historical situations, which were enough in the twentieth century, put people in the center of public attention who turn from ordinary ordinary politicians into leaders. As it happened in Russia with Lenin and Stalin. In this process of transformation of ordinary revolutionaries into leaders, not only the personal qualities of politicians – contenders for power are significant, but also the projections of ideal images of leaders, initially born in extreme situations in the mass consciousness, or, more precisely, in the unconscious of the masses. Leaders are, as a rule, supersensible images of the mass unconscious that take on a sensory image. Their emergence is a consequence of awakened mythological and symbolic thinking, which, as it often seems, no longer exists for a long time. However, such extreme situations as revolution and war actualize archetypes and myths, and leaders begin to be perceived as “cultural heroes”, i. e. images of myth. In other words, “gods”. This process of the birth of “gods” in pre-revolutionary, revolutionary and post-revolutionary Russia can be illustrated by the biographies of Lenin and Stalin. The article traces how such a significant event in the history of Russia as the revolution of 1917, usually associated with the progress and aspiration of the people to the future, demonstrates regression on a psychological level, i. e. the displacement of later levels of thinking and the activation of more ancient archaic layers of consciousness. In order to explain this phenomenon, it is necessary to turn to the psychology of the masses or to social psychology as a science, which becomes the subject of this article.