Articles de revues : « Robustesse en mode RF »

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Benabderrahman, Hossam Eddine, Rachid Taleb, M'hamed Helaimi et Fayçal Chabni. « Commande par mode glissant d’ordre deux d’un moteur asynchrone lié à un convertisseur multi-niveau asymétrique ». Journal of Renewable Energies 21, n^o 2 (30 juin 2018) : 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v21i2.687.

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Afin de pouvoir améliorer le rendement délivré à la charge, autrement dit la qualité de la tension de sortie des moyennes qui ont été utilisées parmi ces derniers: l'utilisation d'un onduleur multi-niveau au lieu de l'onduleur à deux niveaux, une seconde solution basée sur le choix de commande d'un moteur. Dans notre article, on a choisi la technique de commande par mode glissant d'ordre supérieure, cette commande conserve les mêmes performances de robustesse et de stabilité données par le mode glissant classique tout en réduisant le broutement.

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Djeriri, Youcef, et Zinelaabidine Boudjema. « Commande robuste par la logique floue et les réseaux de neurones artificiels de la GADA : étude comparative ». Journal of Renewable Energies 20, n^o 1 (12 octobre 2023) : 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v20i1.616.

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Cet article présente la commande de la machine asynchrone à double alimentation en mode génératrice (GADA) par des techniques de l'Intelligence Artificielle (IA), utilisée dans un système de conversion d'énergie éolienne à vitesse variable. Donc dans ce travail, on s’intéresse particulièrement à l’application de la commande vectorielle indirecte par orientation du flux statorique à la GADA, basée sur les régulateurs de l'intelligence artificielle, tels que la logique floue et les réseaux de neurones. Ces derniers surpassent les limites des techniques classiques et possèdent des caractéristiques essentielles pour l'amélioration de la robustesse de la commande vectorielle. Des résultats de simulation sous Matlab/Simulink sontdonnés afin de comparer les performances des deux régulateurs dans le contrôle de la GADA.

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Gao, Yuan. « The Effect of Online and Offline Sports Safety Education combined with MOOC Platforms in Physical Education Teaching in Colleges and Universities ». Scalable Computing : Practice and Experience 24, n^o 3 (10 septembre 2023) : 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v24i3.2285.

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In light of Internet+, how to make network technology better serve the educational cause needs more exploration. The online and offline hybrid education model that integrates MOOC is a new attempt. The sports safety of college students is the premise for the smooth development of sports activities. Therefore, a mixed teaching mode of sports safety combined with MOOC is designed to evaluate the teaching effect. However, under this teaching mode, the commonly used teaching effect evaluation methods cannot adhere to formative evaluation standards. Consequently, to better evaluate the MOOC teaching mode, a model for evaluating instructional effects based on RF mixed teaching mode is constructed. Aiming at the defects of RF in data processing, a genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm are used to optimize random forest. The outcomes demonstrate that the enhanced PSO-RF evaluation model has a 98.68% accuracy rate, which is 5.44% and 3.49% higher than the RF and GA-RF model respectively. Therefore, the enhanced PSO-RF-based teaching effect assessment model can better assess the mixed teaching mode in sports safety, meeting the evaluation requirements for students’ learning effects.

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Pugliese, Giovanni, Felix Piel, Phillip Trefz, Philipp Sulzer, Jochen K. Schubert et Wolfram Miekisch. « Effects of modular ion-funnel technology onto analysis of breath VOCs by means of real-time mass spectrometry ». Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, n^o 26 (13 août 2020) : 7131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02846-8.

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Abstract Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) is a powerful tool for real-time monitoring of trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The sensitivity of PTR-ToF-MS also depends on the ability to effectively focus and transmit ions from the relatively high-pressure drift tube (DT) to the low-pressure mass analyzer. In the present study, a modular ion-funnel (IF) is placed adjacent to the DT of a PTR-ToF-MS instrument to improve the ion-focusing. IF consists of a series of electrodes with gradually decreasing orifice diameters. Radio frequency (RF) voltage and direct current (DC) electric field are then applied to the electrodes to get the ions focused. We investigated the effect of the RF voltage and DC field on the sensitivity of a pattern of VOCs including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and aromatic compounds. In a proof-of-concept study, the instrument operating both as normal DT (DC-mode) and at optimal IF conditions (RF-mode) was applied for the breath analysis of 21 healthy human subjects. For the range of investigated VOCs, an improvement of one order of magnitude in sensitivity was observed in RF-mode compared with DC-mode. Limits of detection could be improved by a factor of 2–4 in RF-mode compared with DC-mode. Operating the instrument in RF-mode allowed the detection of more compounds in the exhaled air compared with DC-mode. Incorporation of the IF considerably improved the performance of PTR-ToF-MS allowing the real-time monitoring of a larger number of potential breath biomarkers.

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FERRARIO, MASSIMO, et CONCETTA RONSIVALLE. « RESONANT MODES IN A 1.6 CELLS RF GUN ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, n^o 23 (20 septembre 2007) : 4204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037767.

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The SPARC photoinjector RF gun consists in the BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell structure designed to resonate at 2856 MHz in the π mode. It will be demonstrated by a numerical modelization based on SUPERFISH code combined with the LC-circuit analysis that the two oscillating modes of the system usually indicated as 0-mode and π-mode (the operating mode) are in reality a π/3-mode-like and a π-mode-like. The consequences on the definition of the coupling coefficient and on the use of mode-separation based RF measurements are described.

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Ma, Minglin, et Zhijun Li. « All Current Mode RF Receiver Front End ». IETE Journal of Research 58, n^o 6 (2012) : 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0377-2063.106735.

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Lisovskiy, V., J.-P. Booth, K. Landry, D. Douai, V. Cassagne et V. Yegorenkov. « Rf discharge dissociative mode in NF3and SiH4 ». Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics 40, n^o 21 (19 octobre 2007) : 6631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/21/023.

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Jin, S., N. J. Fisch et A. H. Reiman. « Pulsed RF schemes for tearing mode stabilization ». Physics of Plasmas 27, n^o 6 (juin 2020) : 062508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0007861.

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KAUP, D. J., J. O. EL-REEDY et GARY E. THOMAS. « Parametric interactions inside a magnetron ». Journal of Plasma Physics 64, n^o 4 (octobre 2000) : 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800008783.

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The purpose of this work is to understand theoretically what are the possible noise levels in a magnetron or a crossed-field amplifier (CFA), due to parametric three-wave interactions in the electron plasma, at various operating parameters. Our approach is to use the cold-fluid equations and their Fourier decomposition into a background (DC) mode, a pump (RF) mode, and two other noise (RF) modes. The two RF noise modes are assumed to interact parametrically with the large RF pump mode, and to satisfy the standard resonance conditions for the sum of the wave vectors and sum of the frequencies. We use our previous results to determine the background mode and the RF pump mode. Any strong RF electric field propagating in a crossed-field electron vacuum device can drive a Brillouin sheath unstable by means of a Rayleigh instability, whenever a wave–particle resonance can be found inside the sheath. What happens physically is that, at the resonance, the laminar flow of the electrons is strongly disturbed, and a diffusion process ensues, whereby the electrons diffuse away from the resonance region. This upsets the balance in the Brillouin flow, causing the electrons to redistribute into a new average DC density profile – which may be far from the original Brillouin profile, but is a stationary solution of a nonlinear diffusion equation. Using these stationary density profiles, we can then study the propagation of small RF signals on such a DC background, as well as their parametric interactions with the RF pump wave, at various DC voltages and magnetic fields. In addition to being able to predict the operating regime and the DC current flow, these studies demonstrate that parametric interactions probably limit the operating voltage range of a typical magnetron or crossed-field amplifier to about 20% above the Hartree voltage.

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SCHMERGE, J. F., J. CASTRO, J. E. CLENDENIN, D. H. DOWELL, S. M. GIERMAN et H. LOOS. « THE S-BAND 1.6 CELL RF GUN CORRELATED ENERGY SPREAD DEPENDENCE ON π AND 0 MODE RELATIVE AMPLITUDE ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, n^o 23 (20 septembre 2007) : 4061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037639.

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The π mode or accelerating mode in a 1.6 cell rf gun is normally the only mode considered in rf gun simulations. However, due to the finite Q there is a small but measurable 0 mode present even at steady state. The π mode by definition has a 180° phase shift between cells but this phase shift for the total field is several degrees different. This results in a correlated energy spread exiting the gun. A comparison of simulation and experiment will be shown.

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Zhang, Caozheng, Libo Zheng, Jinghao Yu, Pengfei Ye et Yi Liu. « A low insertion loss RF switch using a 130 nm SOI process ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2384, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2022) : 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2384/1/012008.

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Abstract To realize a better radio frequency (RF) communication system, the RF switch, as an important module, is used to cooperate with other devices to form an RF front end for optimizing communication performances. This paper designs a single-pole multi-throw (SPMT) RF switch, which exhibits a low insertion loss of 0.57 dB at 1.9 GHz under the voltage of 2.2 to 4.7 V. The RF switch is fabricated using a 130 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. It can be used in multi-frequency and multi-mode applications such as 4G/5G. The proposed RF switch has competitive performance and can be combined with other modules to achieve better wireless communication and promote the development of ultra-wideband and multi-mode wireless communication systems.

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Memon, Anzal, Albert van Rees, Jesse Mak, Youwen Fan, Peter J. M. van der Slot, Hubertus M. J. Bastiaens et Klaus-Jochen Boller. « Absorber-Free Mode-Locking of a Hybrid Integrated Diode Laser at Sub-GHz Repetition Rate ». Photonics 11, n^o 11 (24 octobre 2024) : 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11111002.

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We demonstrate absorber-free passive and hybrid mode-locking at sub-GHz repetition rates, using a hybrid integrated extended cavity diode laser operating near 1550 nm. The laser is based on InP as a gain medium and a Si3N4 waveguide feedback circuit. Absorber-free Fourier domain mode-locking with ≈15 comb lines at around 0.2 mW total power is achieved with repetition rates around 500 MHz, using three highly frequency-selective micro-ring resonators that extend the on-chip cavity length to 0.6 m. To stabilize the repetition rate, hybrid mode-locking is demonstrated by weak RF modulation of the diode current. The RF injection reduces the Lorentzian linewidth component from 8.9 kHz to a detection-limited value of around 300 mHz. To measure the locking range of the repetition rate, the injected RF frequency is tuned with regard to the passive mode-locking frequency and the injected RF power is varied. The locking range increases approximately as a square-root function of the injected RF power. At 1 mW injection, a wide locking range of about 80 MHz is obtained. We also observe the laser maintaining stable mode-locking when the DC diode pump current is increased from 40 mA to 190 mA, provided that the cavity length is maintained constant with thermo-refractive tuning.

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Sadeghifar, M. Reza, Håkan Bengtsson, J. Jacob Wikner et Oscar Gustafsson. « Direct digital-to-RF converter employing semi-digital FIR voltage-mode RF DAC ». Integration 66 (mai 2019) : 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2019.02.005.

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Zhao, Y., et Z. F. Ding. « Comments on mechanisms for self-E → H and inverse H → E mode transitions in radio frequency inductively coupled plasmas ». Physics of Plasmas 29, n^o 8 (août 2022) : 084503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107483.

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The previously observed self-E [Formula: see text] H and inverse [Formula: see text] mode transitions were explained by unrelated mechanisms. The argument in this Brief Communication finds that both mode transitions can be interpreted via wall-heating that affects electron density by changing neutral density. In the self-E [Formula: see text] H mode transition, the shift of the preset E-mode discharge to the E [Formula: see text] H mode-transition point is caused by the increasing neutral density in the cooling down process of the chamber wall overheated in the preceding high-power H-mode discharge. The requirement for the inverse H [Formula: see text] mode transitions is a small-sized cylindrical radio frequency (RF) inductively coupled plasma source powered by multi-turn coil under which the strong wall-heating in the ramping-up phase of RF power or RF coil current leads to a reduction of neutral density in the subsequent ramping-down phase. The wall-heating can affect all processes in gas discharges but is most remarkable near a mode transition. The wall-heating effect on discharge mode transition has not been intensively investigated but was only suggested to explain the unknown mode transition in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma source [Jarnyk et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2039 (1993)].

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Wang, Wei Min, Yi Han Zhang et Hui Min Song. « Fast Feedback Control Method in RF Plasma Discharge Experiments ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 574 (juillet 2014) : 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.574.534.

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In many plasma discharge applications, automatic control of discharge mode is very important to maintain the best effect of generated plasma on flows or processed materials. A fast feedback control method in RF plasma discharge system is proposed to keep plasma actuator in desired plasma mode, which includes RF amplifier, impedance matching circuit, plasma actuator, oscilloscope, and controlling computer. The experiment installation and feedback control scheme are presented in detail, and experiment results show that the proposed fast feedback control method in RF plasma discharge system is valid and reliable.

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Arianpouya, Maryam, Benson Yang, Fred Tam, Clare E. McElcheran et Simon J. Graham. « Optimized radiofrequency shimming using low-heating B1+-mapping in the presence of deep brain stimulation implants : Proof of concept ». PLOS ONE 19, n^o 12 (18 décembre 2024) : e0316002. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316002.

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MRI of patients with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) implants is constrained due to radiofrequency (RF) heating of the implant lead. However, “RF-shimming” parallel transmission (PTX) has the potential to reduce DBS heating during MRI. As part of using PTX in such a “safe mode”, maps of the RF transmission field (B1+) are typically acquired for calibration purposes, with each transmit coil excited individually. These maps often have large zones of low signal intensity distant from the specific coil that is being excited, raising concerns that low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in these zones might negatively impact the ability of the optimized RF shim settings to suppress heating in safe mode. One way to improve SNR would be to increase RF transmission power during B1+ mapping, but this also raises heating concerns especially for coil elements proximal to the implant. Acting with an abundance of caution, it would be useful to investigate methods that permit B1+ mapping with low localized heating while producing high SNR measurements that lead to safe PTX RF shim settings. The present work addresses this issue in proof of concept using electromagnetic simulations and experimental PTX MRI. A two-step optimization algorithm is proposed and examined for a cylindrical phantom with an implanted wire to enable 1) robust B1+ mapping with low localized heating; and 2) robust RF shimming PTX with low localized heating and good B1+ homogeneity over a large imaging volume. Simulation and experimental outcomes were compared with those obtained using an existing simulation-driven workflow for obtaining safe mode RF shim settings, and for quadrature RF transmission using a circularly polarized (CP) birdcage head coil. Experimental results showed that although both existing and proposed safe-mode workflows effectively suppressed localized heating at the wire tip in comparison to the CP coil results, the proposed workflow produced much smaller temperature elevations and much improved signal uniformity. These promising results support continued investigation and refinement of the proposed workflow, involving more realistic scenarios toward ultimate implementations in DBS patients.

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Yao, Xin. « Research on High Precision Temperature Acquisition System for Radiofrequency Ablation System ». Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 5, n^o 2 (26 septembre 2023) : 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v5i2.12182.

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RFA (radiofrequency ablation) is a new type of tumor treatment in recent decades. It has excellent effects in treating certain tumors. Radiofrequency ablation technology is a physical-type treatment technology. At present, RF ablation technology has been very successful in medical clinics. Radiofrequency ablator, as a kind of medical device, implemented directly on the organs, which must ensure good stability and high safety. RF ablators can work in temperature control mode. In this mode, the accuracy of temperature sampling is critical. When working in temperature control mode, the ablator must monitor the temperature of the polar needle tip in real time. In this paper, we study the temperature sampling system for RF ablators, including hardware circuit design and filtering algorithm design.

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Krishnamoorthy, Shree, et Anil Prabhakar. « Relocking and Locking Range Extension of Partially Locked AMLL Cavity Modes with Two Detuned RF Sinusoids ». Photonics 10, n^o 7 (27 juin 2023) : 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070735.

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Actively mode-locked fiber ring lasers (AMLLs) with loss modulators are used to generate approximately 100ps pulses with 100MHz repetition. RF detuning around the fundamental frequency, f0, causes a loss in phase lock (unlocking) of cavity modes and partial mode locking. Multiple RF inputs are shown, theoretically, to relock and extend the locking range of cavity modes in a detuned partially mode-locked AMLL. A custom-built Yb3+-doped AMLL with f0=26MHz, and operating wavelength of 1064nm, was used to experimentally verify the theoretical predictions. Two RF sinusoidal signals with constant phase and equal amplitude resulted in an extension of the range by Xn=6.4kHz in addition to the range Rn=14.34kHz with single input for the mode n=10. An increase in locking range was also observed for higher modes. Pulsewidth reduction to approximately 205ps from about 2ns was also observed in the AMLL.

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Jeong, You-Jin, Suchit Kumar, Seon-Woo Park, Youngkyu Song, Jee-Hyun Cho, Chan Hong Moon et Chang-Hyun Oh. « Self-Isolated Dual-Mode High-Pass Birdcage RF Coil for Proton and Sodium MR Imaging at 7 T MRI ». Applied Sciences 13, n^o 24 (13 décembre 2023) : 13227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132413227.

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This study presents the feasibility of a dual-mode high-pass birdcage RF coil to acquire MR images at both 1H and 23Na frequencies at ultra-high-field MR scanner, 7 T. A dual-mode circuit (DMC) in the dual-mode birdcage (DMBC) RF coil operates at two frequencies, addressing the limitations of sensitivity reduction and isolation between two frequencies as in traditional dual-tuned RF coil. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) based electromagnetic (EM) simulations were performed to verify the RF coil at each frequency on the three-dimensional human head model. The DMBC RF coil resonated at proton (1H) and sodium (23Na) frequencies, and also single-tuned high-pass birdcage RF coils were constructed for both 1H and 23Na frequencies. The bench test performance of the RF coils was evaluated using network analysis parameters, including the measurement of scattering parameters (S-parameters) and quality factors (Q-factors). Q-factor of the DMBC coil at 1H port was 10.2% lower than that of 1H single-tuned birdcage (STBC) coil, with a modest SNR reduction of 6.5%. Similarly, the Q-factor for the DMBC coil at 23Na port was 12.3% less than that of 23Na STBC coil, and the SNR showed a minimal reduction of 5.4%. Utilizing the DMBC coil, promising 1H and 23Na MR images were acquired compared to those by using STBC coils. In conclusion, deploying a DMBC 1H/23Na coil has been demonstrated to overcome traditional constraints associated with dual-tuned RF coils, achieving this with only nominal signal attenuation across both nuclei operational frequencies.

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Bella, Mourad, Saida Latreche, Samir Labiod et Christian Gontrand. « Mixed-Mode Device Modeling of DGMOS RF Oscillators ». Circuits and Systems 05, n^o 01 (2014) : 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cs.2014.51004.

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Ha, Jae Kwon, Chang Kyun Noh, Jin Seop Lee, Ho Jin Kang, Yu Min Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Ha Neul Jung, Sang Hwan Lee, Choon Sik Cho et Young Jin Kim. « RF Transceiver for the Multi-Mode Radar Applications ». Sensors 21, n^o 5 (24 février 2021) : 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051563.

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In this work, a multi-mode radar transceiver supporting pulse, FMCW and CW modes was designed as an integrated circuit. The radars mainly detect the targets move by using the Doppler frequency which is significantly affected by flicker noise of the receiver from several Hz to several kHz. Due to this flicker noise, the long-range detection performance of the radars is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of range to the target and velocity is also deteriorated. Therefore, we propose a transmitter that suppresses LO leakage in consideration of long-range detection, target distance, velocity, and noise figure. We also propose a receiver structure that suppresses DC offset due to image signal and LO leakage. The design was conducted with TSMC 65 nm CMOS process, and the designed and fabricated circuit consumes a current of 265 mA at 1.2 V supply voltage. The proposed transmitter confirms the LO leakage suppression of 37 dB at 24 GHz. The proposed receiver improves the noise figure by about 20 dB at 100 Hz by applying a double conversion architecture and an image rejection, and it illustrates a DC rejection of 30 dB. Afterwards, the operation of the pulse, FMCW, and CW modes of the designed radar in integrated circuit was confirmed through experiment using a test PCB.

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Camparo, J. C., et R. Mackay. « Spectral mode changes in an alkali rf discharge ». Journal of Applied Physics 101, n^o 5 (mars 2007) : 053303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2435914.

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Jin, Jie, Kai-Qing Zhou et Lv Zhao. « Designing RF Ring Oscillator Using Current-Mode Technology ». IEEE Access 5 (2017) : 5306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2692771.

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Su, Dinghui, Janhao Tan, Wangcheng Fang et Cheng Wang. « Bimodal design of 500MHz and 1.5GHz normal conducting RF cavity for advanced synchrotron radiation facilities ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2687, n^o 8 (1 janvier 2024) : 082002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/8/082002.

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Abstract The advanced storage ring light source needs to realize ultra-low emissivity beam operation, and improving the Touschek lifetime puts forward higher requirements for the performance of RF cavity. In this paper, a novel bimodal normal conducting RF cavity is proposed. In one cavity, two power sources will be connected at the same time to realize the simultaneous operation of the two frequencies. The TM010 mode with the frequency of 500 MHz is used for acceleration, and the TM020 mode with the frequency of 1.5 GHz is used as the third harmonic to improve the height of the RF bucket and achieve the purpose of lengthening the beam bunch. Two couplers are designed to adapt to the working characteristics of bimodal RF cavity.

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LIN, CHANG-YI, NADER A. NADERI, YAN LI, LUKE F. LESTER, FREDERIC GRILLOT, JUNGHOON KIM et CHRISTOS G. CHRISTODOULOU. « PERFORMANCE OF A QUANTUM DOT PASSIVELY MODE-LOCKED LASER UNDER OPTICAL FEEDBACK AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL ». International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, n^o 03 (septembre 2011) : 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006969.

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The effect of external optical feedback on a packaged monolithic quantum dot passively mode-locked laser is investigated. The radio-frequency (RF) linewidth narrows from 8 KHz in the free-running situation to a value as low as 170 Hz under relatively low feedback and temperature control. The RF linewidth characterization under resonant feedback at a multiple of the laser cavity length agrees well with the published theory. The narrow RF linewidth with external optical feedback makes the chip-scale quantum dot mode-locked laser an attractive source for ultra low noise applications such as optical clocking and optoelectronic oscillators.

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Hirano, Mitsuhiro, Koyo Miura et Naofumi Ohtsu. « Hydrogen-Free Plasma Nitriding Process for Fabrication of Expanded Austenite Layer on AISI 316 Stainless Steel Surface ». Materials 18, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2025) : 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010140.

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The addition of hydrogen to nitrogen facilitates the formation of nitride phases in the plasma nitriding processes of stainless steels, though it also induces the deterioration of their mechanical properties. This study presents a hydrogen-free plasma nitriding process for fabricating a nitrogen-expanded austenite phase (γN) on an AISI 316 stainless steel surface. The steel substrate was nitrided in N2-Ar plasma with various gas compositions discharged by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) modes. The process using the RF mode enabled the fabrication of a layer composed of a γN phase with a thickness of approximately 3 μm on the steel surface regardless of the gas composition, thereby enhancing its surface hardness. In contrast, such a layer was not observed in the DC mode, and the steel’s hardness was similar to that of the untreated surface. This difference in layer formation was attributed to the mitigation of surface etching by the Ar active species using the RF mode because of the lower bias voltage compared with that of the DC mode. This phenomenon suppresses the removal of the nitride phase formed during the process, which is a key factor contributing to nitrogen penetration. In conclusion, an N2-Ar plasma nitriding process using the RF mode is demonstrated to be a hydrogen-free process for fabricating a layer of a γN phase.

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Han, Le, et Yongping Li. « Application of High-Speed Gallium Nitride Devices in Mass Spectrometry Sweeping Mode ». Electronics 12, n^o 24 (11 décembre 2023) : 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12244966.

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Quadrupole mass spectrometers are widely used, and voltage scanning is their traditional working mode. By fixing the scanning voltage frequency and changing the value of the RF voltage, ions with different mass numbers can reach the detector in sequence, achieving ion selection. When analyzing high-mass molecules, several kilovolts of scanning voltage are required, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and safety of the instrument. By selecting the frequency of the scanning RF power supply and fixing the value of the RF power supply voltage, ion selection can be achieved by changing the frequency of the RF power supply, enabling miniaturized mass spectrometry analysis of high-mass molecules. In this paper, a high-speed gallium nitride driver circuit for frequency scanning mass spectrometry analysis is designed. The NCP51820 high-speed gate driver and INN650D140A gallium nitride MOS tube are selected to form a full-bridge driver, realizing a quadrupole rectangular wave RF power supply. The system has a maximum withstand voltage of 650 V and a frequency range of 400 K–4 MHz, allowing for scanning measurements of mass numbers ranging from 3 to 606 amu.

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Khlybov, A. I., D. V. Rodionov, A. I. Panteleev, P. V. Timoshenkov et N. V. Guminov. « Simulation of Power RF GaN Transistors Thermal Parameters in Pulse Mode ». Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 23, n^o 4 (20 août 2021) : 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.23.179-185.

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This paper contains research results of thermal process in power GaN RF transistor in silicon substrate for pulse mode. Thermal mode research was done using computer simulation. Authors developed methodic allows significant decrease computational complexity. The dependences of maximum transistor channel temperature and thermal resistance as function of pulse width (with constant duty cycle) were done. Thermal simulation was done for power GaN RF transistor with overall gate width 2.1 mm.

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Molle, Christel, Sabine Springael, Michel Wautelet, Jean-Pierre Dauchot et Michel Hecq. « Mass Spectrometry Study of a Magnetron Planar Glow Discharge Excited in the Direct-Current and in the Radio-Frequency Mode : An Experimental Design Approach ». Applied Spectroscopy 49, n^o 7 (juillet 1995) : 872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964651.

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A magnetron glow discharge is studied by a differentially pumped quadrupole mass spectrometer measuring the positive ions as well their energy. The 1-in.-diameter target is made in an aluminum base alloy. An “experimental design” procedure was used to study the influence of geometrical and electrical parameters of the discharge on the intensity and the energy of the ions collected by the mass filter. The ion intensity increases, in the dc mode, by two orders of magnitude when the pressure drops from 450 mTorr to 20 mTorr, whereas, in the rf mode, a maximum is observed at 60 mTorr. For both discharge modes, the ion energy increases with a drop of the pressure and the ion intensity rises proportionally to the electric power. The energy of the ions entering into the mass filter is about 10 eV higher in the rf mode than in the dc mode for the same power and pressure. For most of the ions, their energy does not vary with the power. In the rf mode and at high pressure, a rise of their energy is observed when the target is eroded.

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JUNG, HAE WON, WONJAE YOON, HYUN JOON CHUNG et YONGCHAN KIM. « PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A BYPASS TWO-CIRCUIT REFRIGERATION CYCLE DESIGNED FOR REFRIGERATORS ». International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 18, n^o 02 (juin 2010) : 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132510000241.

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In this study, the performance characteristics of a bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle designed for refrigerators were investigated in a bench scale refrigeration system. The bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle with R600a operates in two modes of refrigerator/freezer-mode (RF-mode) and freezer only-mode (F only-mode) by switching refrigerant flow path. The performance of the bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle was measured by varying the condenser capacity, the length of the suction line heat exchanger (SLHX), and the refrigerant charge amount with adoption of the refrigerant storage vessel. The COPs of the bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle at RF-mode and F only-mode increased by 10% and 17%, respectively, with the increase of the condenser capacity and SLHX length. In addition, the COP of the system at F only-mode increased by 10% with the adoption of the refrigerant storage vessel.

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Intelisano, L., H. Damerau et I. Karpov. « Measurements of longitudinal Loss of Landau damping in the CERN Proton Synchrotron ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2687, n^o 6 (1 janvier 2024) : 062019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/6/062019.

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Abstract Landau damping represents the most efficient stabilization mechanism in hadron synchrotron accelerators to mitigate coherent beam instabilities. Recent studies allowed expanding the novel analytical criteria of loss of Landau damping (LLD) to the double harmonic RF system case above transition energy, providing an analytical estimate of the longitudinal stability. The threshold has a strong dependence on the voltage ratio between the harmonic and the main RF systems. Based on that, measurements of single bunch oscillations after a rigid-dipole perturbation have been performed in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS). Several configurations have been tested thanks to the multi-harmonic RF systems available in the PS. Higher-harmonic RF systems at 20 MHz and 40 MHz, both in phase (bunch shortening mode) and in counter-phase (bunch lengthening mode) with respect to the principal one at 10 MHz, have been measured.

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Sun, Weizhen, Guoyi He et Qi Wang. « Analysis of motion performance and motion mode recognition in filament propulsion ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2865, n^o 1 (1 octobre 2024) : 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2865/1/012051.

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Abstract In this study, the full free motion of the filament in vortex structures is numerically simulated, and the influence of model parameters and horizontal position on the propulsion efficiency of the filament is investigated. With the “data + physics” approach with the immersed boundary method and Random Forest (RF) method, an RF model is initially employed to screen 189 sets of numerical experiments using a minimal amount of flow field physical data to select experimental groups capable of generating vortex bands. The selected experimental groups are then used to complete numerical experiments, followed by the re-introduction of a minimal amount of data and the use of the RF model to identify the motion modes of the filament. The experimental results indicate that the stretching coefficient of the filament has a negative effect on the thrust coefficient when the filament is in the vortex. The thrust of the filament decreases with increasing horizontal distance. The RF model demonstrates excellent identification capabilities, correctly classifying the vortex street structure with only three sets of data from three test points, achieving a high accuracy rate of 95% in identifying the motion modes of the filament.

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Krishnamoorthy, S., et A. Prabhakar. « Mode unlocking characteristics of an RF detuned actively mode-locked fiber ring laser ». Optics Communications 431 (janvier 2019) : 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.08.072.

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Schuberth, Christian, Peter Singerl, Michael E. Gadringer, Holger Arthaber, Andreas Wiesbauer et Gottfried Magerl. « Highly efficient switched-mode transmitter using a current mode class-D RF amplifier ». International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 20, n^o 4 (11 mai 2010) : 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.20450.

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Aditama, Kresna, Evyta Wismiana, Bloko Budi Ridjadi et Achmad Munir. « Pengembangan Antena Bumbung Gelombang Persegi Mode TM untuk Aplikasi RF Energy Harvesting ». Jurnal EECCIS (Electrics, Electronics, Communications, Controls, Informatics, Systems) 13, n^o 1 (30 avril 2019) : 57–59. https://doi.org/10.21776/jeeccis.v13i1.572.

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Dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan terhadap energi salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan teknik pemanenan energi (energy harvesting) yaitu pemanfaatan energi bebas yang banyak tersedia di alam seperti gelombang frekuensi radio (RF). Dalam pengaplikasiannya, gelombang RF yang berhamburan di udara dapat ditangkap dengan mengunakan perangkat bumbung gelombang, yang kemudian energi tersebut akan di konversi ke dalam besaran lain. Sinyal yang dihasilkan dari gelombang RF yang ditangkap berupaÂ gelombangÂ AC maka rangkaian penyearah yang terintegrasi dengan antena penerima akan mengubah gelombang tersebut menjadi keluaran tegangan DC. Dalam paper ini memaparkan pengembangan antena bumbung gelombang persegi dengan mode transverse magnetic (TM) yang akan digunakan sebagai antenaÂ Â penerima.

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NASEH, SASAN, et M. JAMAL DEEN. « RF CMOS RELIABILITY ». International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 11, n^o 04 (décembre 2001) : 1249–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156401001088.

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In this chapter the effects of hot carrier on the reliability of NMOS transistors are investigated. First, it is explained why the hot carrier issue can be important in RF CMOS circuits. Important mechanisms of hot carrier generation are reviewed and some of the techniques used in the measurement of hot carrier damages are explained. Next, results of measurement of DC hot carrier stress on the NMOS transistors are presented. The main focus here is the RF performance of the NMOS devices and circuits mode of them, but DC parameters of the device such as its I-V characteristics and threshold voltage are presented, as they directly affect the RF performance. Finally, using the measurements of hot carrier effects on single NMOS transistors, the effects of hot carriers on three parameters of a low noise amplifier, matching, power gain and stability, are predicted using circuit simulation.

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Jayasree, Asha, Santhosh Kumar Sasidharan, Rishidas Sivadas et Jayan A. Ramakrishnan. « Hybrid EMD-RF Model for Predicting Annual Rainfall in Kerala, India ». Applied Sciences 13, n^o 7 (4 avril 2023) : 4572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074572.

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Rainfall forecasting is critical for the economy, but it has proven difficult due to the uncertainties, complexities, and interdependencies that exist in climatic systems. An efficient rainfall forecasting model will be beneficial in implementing suitable measures against natural disasters such as floods and landslides. In this paper, a novel hybrid model of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and random forest (RF) was developed to enhance the accuracy of annual rainfall prediction. The EMD technique was utilized to decompose the rainfall signal into six intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) to extract underlying patterns, while the RF algorithm was employed to make predictions based on the IMFs. The hybrid RF–IMF model was trained and tested using a dataset of annual rainfall in Kerala from 1871 to 2020, and its performance was compared to traditional models such as RF regression and the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. Mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination or R-squared (R2) were used to compare the performances of these three models. Model evaluation metrics show that the RF–IMF model outperformed both the RF model and ARMA model.

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Ratkoceri, Jakup, et Bostjan Batagelj. « Determining the Stable Injection Locking of a Fabry-Pérot Laser by Observing the RF Spectral Components Generated by a Low-Reflectivity External Cavity ». Photonics 8, n^o 11 (31 octobre 2021) : 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8110487.

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A novel approach to monitoring the laser injection-locking (IL) state is proposed and verified using the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR). In a photonics experiment for laser IL, an optical spectrum analyzer with the conventional criterion of a 35-dB SMSR is conventionally used to detect the locking state of a Fabry–Pérot (FP) laser with multiple longitudinal modes to an external master laser with one longitudinal mode. Since the 35-dB criterion is not always a sufficient locking condition, we propose a microwave-photonic technique to determine the stable-locking regime based on the observation of the radio-frequency (RF) components. A novel approach to monitoring the generated additional spectral components uses the well-known delayed-self-homodyne technique and the RF spectrum analyzer. For the novel generation of additional longitudinal groups on each FP laser’s resonator mode in the optical spectrum and consequently the overlapping RF components in the RF spectrum, an additional external resonator with low reflectivity was connected to the slave FP laser. The novel monitoring approach was experimentally verified by connecting a 1-m-long external cavity with 0.5% reflectivity and observing the optical IL phenomenon of a 1550-nm FP semiconductor laser.

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Churyumov, Gennadiy, Shuang Qiu, Nan-nan Wang, Wei Li, Volodymyr Gerasimov et Tetyana Frolova. « Simulation and Design of Rising-Sun Anode Blocks for Magnetrons with Two Outputs of Energy ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2173, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2173/1/012009.

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Abstract This paper presents the simulation results of the oscillation modes excited in the interaction space of an anode block of a magnetron and the azimuthal distributions of a longitudinal electric component of the RF field for either of the excited modes. Using CST code, there were considered available anode blocks with different configurations of the resonators: a rising sun anode block and a rising sun hole-and-slot anode block. The dispersion characteristics and distributions of the azimuthal components of the RF field for different geometrics of their cavities as applied to the X- and Ku-bands are given. The condition of acceptable separation both in frequency and in phase velocity between the operating JV/2 -mode (or 7T-mode) and neighboring (JV/2 - l)-mode has been determined. It suggested that the mechanism of forming the total RF field connects with possible interference of the RF fields excited severally in the resonant system consisting of the small and large cavities. The features design of the magnetrons with two energy outputs is presented, and their application in practice is determined. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with the experiment.

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Mantarci, Asim, et Mutlu Kundakçi. « Role of RF power on physical properties of RF magnetron sputtered GaN/p-Si(1 0 0) thin film ». Materials Science-Poland 37, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2019) : 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2019-0052.

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AbstractGaN thin films were deposited on p-Si(1 0 0) substrates using RF magnetron sputtering at various RF powers. Influence of RF power on morphological, optical and structural properties of GaN thin films were investigated and presented in detail. XRD results proved that the films were polycrystalline in structure with (1 0 0) and (1 1 0) planes of hexagonal GaN. It was found that increasing RF power led to deterioration of crystal structure of the films due to increased decomposition of GaN. Stress in GaN thin films was calculated from XRD measurements and the reasons for this stress were discussed. Furthermore, it was analyzed and interpreted whether the experimental measurement results support each other. E2 (high) optical phonon mode of hexagonal GaN was obtained from the analysis of Raman results. UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that optical band gap of the films varied by changing RF power. The reasons of this variation were discussed. AFM study of the surfaces of the GaN thin films showed that some of them were grown in Stranski-Krastanov mode and others were grown in Frank-Van der Merwe mode. AFM measurements revealed almost homogeneous, nanostructured, low-roughness surface of the GaN thin films. SEM analysis evidenced agglomerations in some regions of surface of the films and their possible causes have been discussed. It has been inferred that morphological, optical, structural properties of GaN thin film can be changed by controlling RF power, making them a potential candidate for LED, solar cell, diode applications.

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François, Brecht, Peter Singerl, Andreas Wiesbauer et Patrick Reynaert. « Efficiency and linearity analysis of a burst mode RF PA with direct filter connection ». International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, n^o 3 (4 avril 2011) : 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000328.

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Burst mode operation is proposed as an efficiency improving technique for power amplifiers. The core idea is to modulate the amplitude of the envelope signal into a series of square-wave pulses such that the width of the signal burst or the total amount of pulses are varied according to the envelope. The phase information is still contained by the timing of the pulses. This work presents the efficiency and linearity analysis of burst mode radio frequency (RF)/power amplifier (PA). In addition, the efficiency performance is compared when the burst mode RF power amplifiers (PA) is connected to a wideband load or a narrowband filter. It is shown that burst mode PAs are more efficient than the conventional Class B PAs. To achieve an even more favorable efficiency, a transmission line is inserted between the output of the switching RF PA and the filter to improve the filter's impedance characteristic. Additionally, the efficiency and linearity of the burst mode PA with and without transmission line has been studied and simulated thoroughly. To demonstrate the validity of the efficiency formulas and linearity considerations, a printed circuit board (PCB)-mounted burst mode PA using a laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor was fabricated. Measurements show a peak efficiency of 78% and 28.8 dBm of output power.

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WANG, YINAN, YUE LIU, SHU ZHENG et GUOQIANG LIN. « Effect of RF on RF nitrogen discharge with induced argon plasma at high pressure ». Journal of Plasma Physics 78, n^o 6 (3 juillet 2012) : 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000566.

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AbstractA one-dimensional fluid model is built to study the effect of radio frequency (RF) on the characteristics of RF nitrogen discharge with induced argon plasma at high pressure. The model is solved by a finite difference method, and the numerical results are obtained. The numerical results show that by modulating driven frequency, the discharge can obtain higher plasma density. Moreover, the discharge is operated in a stable α mode in a range of 100 MHz of driven frequency.

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Cheng, Yu Jie, Jian Hua Xu et Hai Feng Cheng. « Research on VRM in RF PA System Based on Enhancement Mode GaN HEMT ». Materials Science Forum 1014 (novembre 2020) : 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1014.149.

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As a key part of the RF PA system, VRM (Voltage-Regulate-Modulator), whose main role is to offer pulse voltage for RF power transistor, is often slighted. As a result, VRM has been a restraining factor now. In order to realize the needs of high speed and high frequency, a new method based on enhancement mode GaN HEMT of designing VRM is proposed in this paper. By using this method, the rise time and fall time of VRM could be as about 10ns with the peak voltage 75V and the peak current 150A, which is quite suitable for driving high voltage and high power GaN-based RF power transistor.

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Figur, Sascha A., Friedbert van Raay, Rüdiger Quay, Larissa Vietzorreck et Volker Ziegler. « RF-MEMS multi-mode-matching networks for GaN power transistors ». International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, n^o 5 (1 avril 2014) : 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000427.

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This work presents radio-frequency-microelectromechanical-system (RF-MEMS)-based tunable input- and output-matching networks for a multi-band gallium nitride (GaN) power-amplifier applications. In the first part, circuit designs are shown and characterized for a fixed operation mode of the transistor, i.e. either a maximum-output-power- or a maximum-power-added-efficiency (PAE)-mode, which are finally combined into a multi-mode-matching network (M3N); the M3N allows to tune the operation mode of the transistor independently of its operational frequency. The matching networks are designed to provide optimum matching for the power amplifier at three to six different operating frequencies for maximum-output-power- and maximum-PAE-mode. In the frequency range from 3.5 to 8.5 GHz, return losses of 10 dB and higher were measured and insertion losses of 0.5–1.9 dB were demonstrated for the output-matching networks. Further characterizations were performed to test the dependency on the RF-input power, and no changes were observed up to power levels of 34 dBm when cold-switched.

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Kefelian, Fabien, Shane O'Donoghue, Maria Teresa Todaro, John G. McInerney et Guillaume Huyet. « RF Linewidth in Monolithic Passively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Laser ». IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 20, n^o 16 (août 2008) : 1405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2008.926834.

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Sun, T., et A. S. Daryoush. « Self‐mode‐locked multimode lasers for stabilised RF oscillators ». Electronics Letters 55, n^o 25 (décembre 2019) : 1351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2019.2418.

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Buyalo, M. S., I. M. Gadzhiev, I. O. Bakshaev et E. L. Portnoi. « RF linewidth in passively mode locked quantum well lasers ». Technical Physics Letters 39, n^o 2 (février 2013) : 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785013020053.

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Sambandan, G., V. K. Tripathi et V. K. Sayal. « Rayleigh–Taylor mode-RF coupling in a dusty plasma ». Physics Letters A 262, n^o 2-3 (novembre 1999) : 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(99)00556-3.

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Deshpande, Abhay, Sakae Araki, Masafumi Fukuda, Kazuyuki Sakaue, Nobuhiro Terunuma, Junji Urakawa, Noboru Sasao et Masakazu Washio. « Design of a mode separated RF photo cathode gun ». Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A : Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 600, n^o 2 (mars 2009) : 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.11.142.

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Safwat, Amr M. E. « Study of microstrip mode in RF on-wafer probes ». Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 45, n^o 4 (2005) : 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.20812.

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