Pour voir les autres types de publications sur ce sujet consultez le lien suivant : School feeding programme.
Thèses sur le sujet « School feeding programme »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 50 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « School feeding programme ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
1
Jerling, Michelle. "The development of a nutrition teaching programme for foundation phase learners in rural schools / Michelle Jerling." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1697.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Healthy nutrition is indispensable for the advancement and maintenance of an individual's
health during the whole life cycle. A huge percentage of young and developing children in
South Africa are subjected to undernourishment and malnourishment. Malnourishment and
undernourishment can signify permanent negative consequences for the physical, intellectual
and psycho-social development of the child.
The aim of the research was to: • ascertain to which extent provision is made for nutrition education in the various learning areas of the National Curriculum Statement for learners in the Foundation Phase; • ascertain to which extent Foundation Phase teachers in rural schools are on the Curriculum guidelines for nutrition; • ascertain how knowledgeable Foundation Phase teachers in rural schools are on the basic aspects of nutrition; • to ascertain to which extent these teachers address aspects of nutrition education in the various Learning Areas; • to investigate the teaching strategies used by teachers when teaching aspects related to nutrition; • to ascertain whether these teachers have the necessary knowledge and skills to develop a nutrition teaching programme for Ground Phase learners in rural schools; and • to develop a nutrition teaching programme for Ground Phase learners in rural schools.
Qualitative research methods were used in the empirical research. Data was collected by
means of structured interviews and classroom observations at four farm schools which were
identified by the Department of Education (North-West Province) to take part in the research
project on nutrition in rural areas.
The following findings emerged from the research: • The National Curriculum Statement provides for nutrition outcomes in the Learning Area Life Orientation, but the assessment standards are too vague and general. • All educators knew that nutrition education would form a part of the Learning Area Life Orientation. • Although teachers are trained on how to implement the National Curriculum Statement, some of them were uncertain on what was expected from them when teaching a nutrition lesson. • The basic nutritional knowledge of the teachers was good and they knew that nutrition can be taught in all three Learning Areas of the Foundation Phase. • Teachers in the four farm schools did not use different teaching strategies in presenting their lessons. • The educators in the four farm schools did not have the necessary knowledge and skills to develop a nutrition teaching programme for rural learners in the Foundation Phase. On the basis of the findings of the research the researcher has developed a nutrition education
programme for educators in rural schools with a view to be able to offer more effective nutrition
education for Foundation Phase learners.<br>Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
2
Nkhoma, Owen Welosi White. "Nutritional status and cognitive development of primary schoolchildren in Malawi : impact of a national school feeding programme." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646854.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is limited and inconclusive literature on the effects of school feeding programmes (SFPs) on nutritional and cognitive status outcomes in developing countries. The overall aim of the study presented in this Thesis has been to generate data for evidence-based policy direction and guidance on the effects of the Malawi government and WFP supported SFP on the nutritional and cognitive status of rural primary school children in Malawi. The specific objectives of the study were: to determine whether the nutritional and cognitive status of children commencing attendance at two schools - one participating and the other not participating in a SFP - were different; to ascertain whether the SFP was making any positive contributions to the cognitive and nutritional status of school children. A critical literature review of studies which have been carried out in sub-Saharan Africa and which were aimed at presenting/exploring the effects of school meals on school children was also completed. Literature search was carried out using MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge databases, and through direct consultation of appropriate on-line scientific journals and reference-citations used in the identified articles. Despite the varying evidence in literature, the review showed that SFPs may have the potential to improve a number of anthropometric, cognitive and scholarly outcomes in nutritionally-disadvantaged schoolchildren. To achieve the project aim, a cohort of entry level (Standard 1) primary school children (n=226) was recruited from two rural Malawian public primary schools (SFP school and non SFP school). Anthropometric measurements and cognitive status testing were carried out at two time points i.e. at the start and at the end of the 2010-2011 school year. At the start of the school year, high prevalence of under nutrition was prevalent in children from both schools and there were no major significant differences in most anthropometric and all cognitive outcomes between the two schools. At the end of the school year, the SFP sub-cohort had made significantly greater progress (relative to the non-SFP cohort) in one cognitive outcome (intra-extra dimensional pre-extra dimensional shift errors) and also showed a significant increase in one anthropometric outcome (mid-upper-arm circumference). It is hoped that the findings of this research study will prove to be a source of valuable information to local and international organisations which are implementing and planning to implement SFPs in Malawi. In particular, it is hoped that the Government of Malawi, through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS, will regard these findings as useful for initiating debate about the effects of SFPs and shaping policy on the same. The high prevalence of stunting and underweight illustrates the magnitude of the general public health problem in school children and hence making this age group worthy considering for purposively designed all inclusive interventions.
3
Sanousi, Mohammed. "The expected effects of the National School Nutrition Programme: Evidence from a case study in Cape Town, Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6809.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Magister Artium - MA<br>School feeding programmes have become a worldwide poverty reduction strategy that are designed to enhance human capital, i.e. nutrition and education. In South Africa, the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) began in 1994 and it was designed to enhance learning capacity, to support nutrition education in schools and to promote school gardens. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the expected impacts (nutrition and education) of the NSNP in Cape Town have been achieved.
The study used the theory of change as an attempt to explore the expected impacts of the programme and it involved a qualitative research approach. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Note-taking and observations of non-verbal behaviour techniques were also used to capture any relevant information. The respondents were 4 school principals, 4 teacher coordinators, 4 food handlers, 4 members of the School Governing Body and one staff member from the Department of Basic Education (DBE) of the Western Cape.
Findings from the global literature show that the impacts of school feeding programmes are quite mixed (between nutrition and education). This study has found that the NSNP in Cape Town has improved food security, i.e. reduced short-term hunger (but not necessarily nutrition) and it gave energy to the learners that helped them to actively participate in learning. It also eliminated some negative class behaviours and it functioned as an additional meal to some poor learners. On the education front, it enhanced school attendance, class participation and possibly improved learner performance.
However, the programme has also experienced some challenges, i.e. the food quality and quantity, targeting system (the quintile system) that excluded some poor learners from receiving NSNP meals and food gardens were not producing sufficient food because they were small and poorly maintained. This study recommends that rigorous impact evaluation of the NSNP in Cape Town is required in order to address the challenges that were identified as well as to enhance the programme so that it can achieve the desired impacts.
4
Swartz, Andrew Mervyn. "An evaluation of the school feeding programme as a service delivery mechanism to improve academic performance of needy learners in Bonteheuwel." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1662.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009<br>The study centres on the school feeding programme in the Bonteheuwel area, which is a predominantly Coloured residential area in close proximity to Cape Town International Airport.
The school feeding programme is a national initiative that is driven by the Western Cape Education Department on a provincial level. The research investigated whether the school feeding scheme is being implemented effectively and efficiently. This implies that it was necessary to determine:
The current status of school feeding in Bonteheuwel;
Whether it adequately meets the needs of needy learners; and
If the current scheme is found to be inadequate, what can be done to improve the situation?
As the study uses both descriptive and empirical approaches, a questionnaire was constructed to obtain views of selected members of Bonteheuwel’s community.
Responses to the questions/statements in the questionnaire were analysed by a Cape Peninsula University of Technology registered statistician and the statistical analysis provided positive answers to the above determinations, which revealed that the school feeding programme was not effective and that more should be done to improve its delivery.
The final chapter proposes a number of recommendations to improve implementation of the school feeding programmme.
5
Mongwa, Grace Kelebogile. "Effects of vegetables from a school garden, in a school feeding programme, on the school attendance rate and general health of children in a farm school / Grace Kelebogile Mongwa." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1044.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background
Poverty in the rural areas often results in people being unable to buy the necessary food
to feed their families and at the end, the children suffer, as they do not get the necessary
foodstuffs needed for their development. Workers living in rural or agricultural
communities do not have adequate access to basic primary health care facilities. Children
need to be immunized and have regular check-ups during their developmental years and
this is often lacking in farming communities. Farm workers and their children are also
often denied access to other Government services. They are often not informed of
services which are available and which will benefit them.
Children attend schools without clean drinking water or proper sanitation, putting them at
risk of disease. Some children travel far to reach the schools. A lack of state-funded
transport from homes hinders access to education in commercial farming areas. Such
exhausting conditions adversely affect the ability of these children to adequately
participate in activities in the classroom. This results in poor performance, nonattendance
or regular absence.
Children from families who are dependent on employment on commercial farms for their
livelihoods are vulnerable due to low education status of their parents/guardians, low pay,
poor working conditions and dependence on the farmer.
Project aim
The main aim of the project was to investigate the effects of a daily vegetable meal on the
health of farm school children.
Objective of the study
The specific objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of vegetables in the
school feeding programme over a 15 week period on:
the school attendance in the experimental and control schools,
the prevalence of infections,
the occurrence of sores in the school going learners of both the experimental and the
control schools.
Research setting
This study was part of the larger FLAGH (Farm Labour And General Health) programme
that was a follow up of the THUSA study. The FLAGH programme consists of a number
of different projects and studies mainly aimed at improving the nutritional status and
quality of life of black South African farm dwellers in the North-West Province. Two
schools in the Rysmierbult district were selected to participate in this study. One of the
schools was used as a control school and the other school was used as the intervention
(experimental) school. The vegetable garden in the experimental school started in 2003
and in the control school it was started in 2001. In 2004 after the school opened, the
garden in the control school was not functional due to some reasons. Therefore the
school was used as a control school as the learners were not fed vegetables each day.
Subjects
A total number of 109 primary school learners between the ages of 6 and 14 years old
took part in the study. The intervention school enrolment was 70 learners at the
beginning of the study and at week 7 to 15 it was 67, as 3 learners had left school with no
reason. The control school enrolment was 42 learners.
Study design
It was a comparative evaluation intervention study with baseline and end measurements
to assess the effects of vegetable gardens in farm schools to supplement the school
feeding programme. This was a comparison study of two farms schools. The
implementation of vegetable garden projects at schools was one of the interventions
aimed at improving the nutritional status of the children.
Research Methods
Four types of instruments were used in the study namely:
anthropometric measures (height and weight) were used to calculate the Body Mass
Index (BMI) for age and Z-scores (by age) for all the children (Annexure 11),
observation of the occurrence of skin sores and infection (Annexure I),
a structured face-to-face interview for learners (Annexure Ill),
a questionnaire for teachers to get their views towards the vegetable garden project
(Annexure IV).
Results
The school attendance for the control school was throughout the 15 week intervention
period better than the experimental school. Although the anthropometric measurements
of learners at baseline in the experimental school differed statistically significantly from
those in the control school it was of low practical significance (d<0.5). The learners in
the experimental school were more undernourished (Z-score for weight for age: -1.86
and height for age: -1.55) than those in the control school (Z-score for weight for age:
-0.99 and height for age: -1.37). Over the 15 week period the children in the control
school got more undernourished (Z-score for weight for age: -1.34 and height for age: -
1.44) while the nutrition status of the children in the experimental school improved (Z-score
for weight for age: - 1.65 and height for age: - 1.48).
No differences in the occurrence of infections in the children were observed between the
two schools. However, the results on the occurrence of skin sores indicated a highly
significant (p<O.OOI) improvement in the occurrence thereof in the experimental school.
Conclusion
Malnutrition is still a major problem worldwide and especially in Asia and Africa
especially the Sub-Sahara area. There are a number of factors contributing to
malnutrition. The underlying factors include access to food, caring practices, health
services, the environment and lastly the immediate factors include dietary intake and
infection/illness.
From the results of this study it seems as if a vegetable meal can improve the nutrition
status of learners and it can help to reduce the incidence of skin sores in children. The
fact that no improvement in the incidence of infections was measured during this study
by the occurrence of symptoms such as colds, flu, coughs and a running nose was
observed, might be due to the short period of the intervention (15 weeks) and the small
number of children included in the study.
Recommendation
A multifaceted approach is recommended to improve the nutritional status of learners
attending schools in the farming areas. One of these approaches can be to include
vegetables in the daily school meal. The study period was too short (15 weeks) to
determine an explicit outcome, so it would be more appropriate to extend the study to a
longer period.<br>Thesis (M. Consumer Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
6
Januario, Bruna Lourenço. "A implementação da Lei 11.947/09 da compra direta da agricultura familiar pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar em municípios do Estado de São Paulo: possíveis fatores relacionados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21102014-121416/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
INTRODUÇÃO: Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) consiste na transferência de recursos financeiros do Governo Federal, em caráter suplementar, aos estados, Distrito Federal e municípios, para a aquisição de gêneros alimentícios destinados à merenda escolar. Em 16 de junho de 2009 foi criada a Lei 11.947 que determina a utilização de, no mínimo, 30 por cento desses na compra de produtos da agricultura familiar. A Lei é relativamente recente e, portanto, o processo de operacionalização da compra da agricultura familiar pelo PNAE encontra-se em fase de implementação, sendo que alguns municípios lograram realizar as compras diretamente dos agricultores familiares, enquanto outros ainda não. OBJETIVO: Conhecer e descrever o processo de implementação da Lei 11.947/09 e alguns fatores que se relacionaram com a compra direta da agricultura familiar para o PNAE no âmbito escolar e da gestão municipal, em uma amostra probabilística dos municípios do estado de São Paulo. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo que envolveu metodologias quantitativas para a descrição e caracterização dos municípios avaliados. Foram excluídos municípios em que a nutricionista e/ou o funcionário do departamento de compras não aceitaram participar, bem como quando o secretário municipal de educação não autorizou a pesquisa junto às escolas. A amostra final se constituiu por 25 municípios que compraram alimentos dos agricultores familiares em 2012 (Grupo A) e 13 que não o fizeram (Grupo B), totalizando 38. Foram visitadas 162 escolas. Foram entrevistados nutricionista responsável técnica pelo PNAE, funcionário do departamento de compras, autoridade escolar e merendeiras de cada escola sorteada. Para esta pesquisa foram desenvolvidos sete questionários. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Setenta e dois por cento das nutricionistas dos municípios que compraram diretamente dos AF assistiram alguma palestra de divulgação da mesma, sendo que 94,4 por cento os consideraram pertinentes, em contra posição às do Grupo B com 54 por cento e 92,3 por cento , respectivamente. Ainda no âmbito escolar, apenas 6,6 por cento das merendeiras (Grupo A) já haviam ouvido falar que os alimentos que elas produzem deveriam ser comprados de agricultores familiares, o que não foi semelhante ao Grupo B, em que 42,1 por cento das colaboradoras estava ciente da origem correta dos produtos. Todas as escolas visitadas estavam adequadas ao preconizado segundo a resolução 38 no que se tratava a servir pelo menos de três porções de frutas e hortaliças por semana. Segundo 64 por cento das nutricionistas do Grupo A, houve mudanças benéficas no cardápio, após a implementação da Lei nos municípios, dentre elas: aumento de frutas verduras e legumes; melhora de qualidade e variabilidade dos alimentos, o que os tornou mais saudáveis. Embora o Grupo B não compra alimentos da agricultura familiar, 77 por cento assinalam melhorias em relação ao cardápio após a divulgação da Lei. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que o diálogo entre os diversos atores envolvidos no processo é a via mais importante para que o processo de implementação das compras pelo PNAE seja bem sucedido. Os agricultores familiares necessitam de mais apoio e garantias para vender para as prefeituras e essa segurança pode vir através de editais de chamada pública mais simples e claros para que entendam melhor.<br>INTRODUCTION: National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is the transfer of funds from the Federal Government, in supplementary form to the states, Federal District and municipalities, for the purchase of food for school meals. On June 16, 2009 the Law 11.947 was created, which determines the use of a minimal of 30 per cent of this for purchase of products originating from family farms. The Law is relatively new and, therefore, the process of operationalization of purchases by the PNAE from family farms finds itselfs in the implementation stage, where some municipalities have succeeded making purchases directly from these farmers, while others have not yet done so. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to describe the factors that made possible the direct purchase from family farms by the PNAE for schools and municipal management (nutritionist and the purchasing department of municipalities) in a sample of municipalities in the state of São Paulo. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive study that involves quantitative methodologies to describe and characterize the municipalities evaluated regarding the process of implementation of the Law 11.947/2009. We excluded counties where the dietitian and / or the employee\'s purchasing department refused to participate, as well as the municipal secretary of education not authorized research in the schools. The final sample was constituted by 25 municipalities that bought food from family farmers in 2012 (Group A) and 13 who did not (Group B), totaling 38. 162 schools were visited. Were interviewed by the dietitian responsible Technical Program, employee of the purchasing department, school authority and cooks drawn from each school. For this research were developed seven questionnaires. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Seventy -two percent of nutritionists municipalities who bought directly from AF attended any lecture disclosure of the same, and 94.4 per cent considered them relevant, contrary to the position of Group B with 54 per cent and 92.3 per cent , respectively. Even at school , only 6.6 per cent of the cooks ( Group A) had heard that the food they produce should be bought from farmers , which was not similar to Group B , in which 42.1 per cent of the collaborators was aware of the correct source of the products. All schools visited were appropriate according to the recommended resolution 38 when it came to serve at least three servings of fruits and vegetables per week. According to 64 per cent of nutritionists in Group A, there were beneficial changes on the menu, after the implementation of the Law on municipalities, among them: increased fruit and vegetables; improves quality and variability of food, which made them healthier. Although Group B does not buy food from family farms, 77 per cent indicate improvements over the menu after the disclosure of the Law. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the dialogue between the various agents involved in the process is the most important method for the implementation of the purchasing process by the PNAE to be successful. Family farmers require more support and guarantees for selling to local governments and these may come through simpler and clearer public notices edicts that facilitate understanding.
7
Masibo, Peninah Kinya. "Effects of initial nutritional status on the responses to a school feeding programme among school children aged 6 to 13 years in the Millennium Villages Project, Siaya, Kenya." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85693.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aim: To assess the effects of initial nutritional status on the responses to a school feeding
programme (SFP) among school children in the Millennium Villages Project (MVP), Siaya District,
Kenya.
Objectives: To establish baseline data on the dietary intake, prevalence of undernutrition, body
composition, prevalence of anaemia, body iron stores and vitamin A status in order to assess the
impact of the SFP over a 30-month period on the same outcomes. Further, the study assessed the
effect of initial nutritional status on the responses to the SFP on growth, the prevalence of anaemia,
body iron stores and vitamin A status.
Methods: In the MVP, a school meal additional to the children’s usual daily food intake was
provided consisting of locally available foods (containing whole fish omena and beef). The meals
contributed approximately 25% of the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), 70% of the Estimated
Average Requirement (EAR) for protein, and 18% of EAR for fat. A school meal, additional to the
children’s usual daily food intake, was introduced to the control group 6 months into the study as a
project scale up initiative. The meal provided 15% EER, 49 % EAR for protein and 10% EAR for fat.
A total of 235 children participated in the study and were followed up for 30 months, with 118 in the
MVP and 117 in the control group. Statistical analysis included descriptive, Pearson’s chi-square test,
repeated measures ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression models.
Results: The mean subject age was 7.9 years (2.0 SD) at baseline, and half (51.4%) were boys. More
than half of the children (66%) had energy intakes less than the EER. At baseline, the prevalence of
stunting, wasting and underweight was 16.9%, 6.0% and 3.6% respectively. Prevalence of linear
growth deficit based on height-for-age z-score ≤-1 standard deviation was 48%. Anaemia was higher
in the MVP group (82.2%; P < 0.0001) compared to controls (58.1%) while depleted body iron stores
was observed in 10.7% of the children. Half of the children in the control group and 30% in the
MVP group had an inadequate vitamin A status while 11% of the children had
infection/inflammation. At six months after initiation of the intervention, anaemia prevalence was
reduced to 41.2% among the controls and 9.3% in the intervention group (P < 0.001). Among the
MVP group, children with initial inadequate nutritional status based on weight-for-age z-score WAZ
≤ -1 SD had a higher (P < 0.01) height velocity (2.3 cm/six months) by the 24th month study interval
compared to those who had an initial adequate nutritional status based on weight-for-age z-score
WAZ > -1 SD.
Conclusion: SPF menus were associated with potential for improved growth, gain in lean body mass
and reduced anaemia prevalence when inadequate nutritional status was present at baseline.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel: Om die verband tussen skoolkinders se aanvanklike voedingstatus en die respons op ’n
skoolvoedingsprogram (SVP) in die Millennium Villages Project (MVP), Siaya-distrik, Kenia, te
bepaal.
Doelwitte: Om basislyn data te versamel ten opsigte van dieetinname, prevalensie van ondervoeding,
liggaamssamestelling, prevalensie van anemie, ysterstore en vitamine A status ten einde die impak
van die SVP oor ‘n 30-maande periode op genoemde uitkomste te bepaal. Verder het die studie ook
die effek van aanvanklike voedingstatus op die respons tot die SVP bepaal ten opsigte van groei, die
prevalensie van anemie, ysterstore en vitamine A status.
Metode: In die MVP is ‘n skoolmaaltyd addisioneel tot die kinders in beide studiegroepe se
daaglikse voedselinname voorsien. Die SVP se spyskaarte het bestaan uit plaaslik beskikbare voedsel
(bevattende die vissoort omena en beesvleis) en het ongeveer 25% van die kinders se geraamde
energievereistes (EER), 70% van hul proteïenvereistes (EAR) en 18% van hul vetvereistes (EAR)
voorsien. ‘n Skoolmaaltyd is addisioneel tot die kinders in die kontrolegroep se gewoontelike
daaglikse voedselinname ingesluit 6 maande na aanvang van die studie as deel van die MVP se
uitbreidingsinisiatief. Dié maaltyd het in 15% van die kinders se energievereistes (EER), 49% van
hul proteïenvereistes (EAR) en 10% van hul vetvereistes (EAR) voorsien. Altesaam 235 kinders is by
die studiegroep ingesluit – 118 in die MVP en 117 in kontrolegroepe – en is vir 30 maande bestudeer.
Statistiese ontleding het beskrywende ontleding, Pearson se chi-kwadraattoets, ANOVA met
herhaalde metings, en multivariansie logistiese regressiemodelle ingesluit.
Resultate: Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die kinders by basislyn was 7.9 jaar (2.0 SD) en die helfte
(51.4%) van die respondente was seuns. Meer as die helfte van die kinders (66%) het ‘n energieinname
minder as die EER getoon. By basislyn was die prevalensie van belemmerde groei, uittering
en ondergewig onderskeidelik 16.9%, 6.0% en 3.6%. Die voorkoms van onvoldoende lengtegroei
gebaseer op lengte-vir-ouderdom z-telling < -1SD was 48%. Anemie was hoër in die MVP groep
(82.2%; p<0.0001) vergeleke met die kontroles (58.1%), terwyl 10.7% uitgeputte ysterstore getoon
het. Onvoldoende vitamine A status het voorgekom in die helfte van die kinders in die kontrolegroep
en 30% van die MVP groep, en infeksie / inflammasie was teenwoordig in 11% van die kinders. Die
voorkoms van anemie op ses maande na aanvang van intervensie het verbeter tot 41.2% in die
kontrolegroep en 9.3% in die intervensiegroep (P < 0.001). Op 24 maande het kinders met
aanvanklike onvoldoende voedingstatus (WAZ < -1SD) in die MVP-groep groter lengtetoename (2.3 cm/6 maande) getoon as hul groepgenote met aanvanklike voldoende voedingstatus gebaseer op
WAZ > -1 SD (P < 0.01).
Gevolgtrekking: Die skoolvoedingsprogram spyskaarte het die potensiaal getoon tot ‘n verbetering
in groei, toename in maer liggaamsmassa en ‘n verlaagde voorkoms van anemie onder kinders wie se
basislynvoedingstatus onvoldoende was.
8
Azagba-Nyako, Jolene. "Public health nutrition intervention to evaluate the nutritional impact of the Ghana School Feeding Programme in Lower Manya Krobo (LMK) district, and enhancing its effectiveness through a nutrition intervention." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2017. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q5522/public-health-nutrition-intervention-to-evaluate-the-nutritional-impact-of-the-ghana-school-feeding-programme-in-lower-manya-krobo-lmk-district-and-enhancing-its-effectiveness-through-a-nutrition.
Texte intégralRésumé :
School feeding interventions like many other donor dependent nutrition interventions in low-income countries have often been described to be ineffective or unsustainable because they are designed with donor specific nutritional interests, which often do not reflect the indigenous dietary preference and patterns of target populations. In Ghana, over half a million school children depend on the school meals as their main stable source of food for the day however there have been several reports of lack of nutritional impact of the due to the dependence on non-indigenous foods. The aim of this study was to develop school meals (SCm) for the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP) in the Lower Manya Krobo District by employing local agricultural produce as food-to-food fortification. The study is based on the tailored functional food recipe concept that seeks to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition interventions by employing indigenous knowledge of food composition and food processing to improve micronutrients profile of local available foods without compromising palatability. Maize, sweet potatoes, soybeans, Moringa oleifera, palm nut oil, anchovies were processed using traditional methods. Each SCm was formulated using nutrition data from FAO West African-Food-Composition-Table to contain at least 40% DRI for protein. AOAC (2009) methods were used to analyse the nutritional content of the SCm and two sets of sensory tests were performed to determine acceptability. In all, five SCm were developed and per 100g of each SCm, carbohydrate (with crude fibre) and protein content ranged from 68.07g to 49.18g and 16.32g to 27.52g respectively whilst fat content ranged between 4.1g and 19.4g. Calcium content ranged from 284mg to 960mg whilst iron and zinc contents range between 7.17g to 11.17g and 0.97g to 1.59g respectively. In the sensory test, SCm coded FSM123, FSM101 and FSM579 had highest mean overall acceptability scores of 7.58±0.56, 7.74±0.81 and 7.71±0.70 respectively. The efficacy and effectiveness of the SCm were tested in a 6 months pilot nutrition n (180) and 9-month scale-up intervention (n=330) together with a control group and a GSFP group. After initial deworming and malaria screening, the intervention the GSFP group received the normal school meals, the control group received three portions of fruit as incentive the SCm group receive 15g weight bases of SCm meal together with nutritional education. The results showed that participants in the SCm treatment group had an average 3.24% increase in height (p≤0.05) and 13.08% increase in weight (p≤0.0.5) over the intervention periods. There was also a 17% decrease in anaemia prevalence compared 11% decrease in the control and 9% decrease in GSFP. The results illustrate that the application of indigenous knowledge, and innovation in of nutrition could be a plausible tool in enhancing the nutrient content of school meals. The SCm seems to provide some leverage and resilience against further malnutrition and when combined with deworming, malaria treatment buttressed with behaviour change communication provided greater nutritional impact on height and weight relative to the other groups in the study.
9
Meaker, Jill. "An observational cross-sectional investigation of foodservice management and general management practices in schools running the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in the formal and informal urban areas of Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1963.
Texte intégral
10
Sicoli, Juliana Lordello. "As contribuições do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e a promoção do direito humano à alimentação adequada e saudável." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-16102017-135334/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introdução: Partindo do reconhecimento do direito humano à alimentação adequada e saudável e da inadequação do atual padrão alimentar no Brasil, a presente pesquisa situa a agricultura familiar na contramão do modelo agroalimentar predominante e enfatiza o duplo potencial do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). Objetivo: Compreender as contribuições do PNAE e do PAA para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e a promoção do direito humano à alimentação adequada e saudável. Método: Foi realizado estudo compreensivo dos dois Programas com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A primeira etapa compreendeu a sistematização de dados de cada Programa no estado de São Paulo, partindo de dados disponibilizados pelo PAA-Data e SISPAA e, no caso do PNAE, de parte dos dados coletados no âmbito da pesquisa \"O encontro entre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e a Agricultura Familiar\". A segunda etapa focou o estudo da experiência de implementação dos dois Programas em Guarulhos, incluindo visitas às áreas de cultivo e unidades recebedoras e a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores públicos, agricultores familiares e merendeiras/cozinheiras, baseadas em roteiros com perguntas norteadoras. Resultados: As compras governamentais realizadas pelo PAA-CDS e pelo PNAE têm permitido alcançar boa parte das finalidades esperadas de ambos Programas, cumprindo papel relevante tanto sob a ótica da política agrícola, como da superação da insegurança alimentar e nutricional, ainda que com diferenças significativas entre os dois Programas e comportando desafios em curso. Os resultados reforçam a heterogeneidade da agricultura familiar e sugerem distintos perfis de agricultores familiares que acessam cada Programa no estado de São Paulo. Ambos Programas comercializam predominantemente alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados, favorecendo o acesso à alimentação saudável.<br>Introduction: Recognizing the human right to adequate and healthy food, and the inadequacy of current dietary patterns in Brazil, this project situates family farming in opposition to the predominant agri-food model and emphasizes the dual potential of the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) and the Food Acquisition Programme (PAA). Objective: Comprehend the contributions of PNAE and PAA to strengthen family farming and to promote the human right to adequate and healthy food. Method: Comprehensive study was carried out on both programs with quantitative-qualitative approach. The first stage included the systematization of data from each Program in the state of São Paulo, based on data provided by PAA-Data and SISPAA and, in the case of PNAE, part of the data collected in the scope of the research \"The meeting between the National Program Of School Feeding (PNAE) and Family Agriculture\". The second stage focused Guarulhos experience of implementation on both Programmes, including visits to cultivation areas and receiving units, and semi-structured interviews with public managers, family farmers and cooks based on scripts with guiding questions. Results: The government purchases made by the PAA-CDS and the PNAE have allowed to reach a good part of the expected purposes of both Programmes, fulfilling a relevant role both from the perspective of the agricultural policy, and to overcome the food and nutritional insecurity, although with significant differences between the two Programmes and ongoing challenges. The results reinforce the heterogeneity of family agriculture and suggest different profiles of family farmers who access each Program in the state of São Paulo. Both Programmes commercialize predominantly in natura or minimally processed foods, favoring the access to healthy food.
11
Cortez, Rodrigo Beccheri. "Os impactos do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar sob a ótica da multifuncionalidade da agricultura familiar - estudo de caso na região de Ourinhos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-25042017-182630/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O mercado de compras institucionais, que exerce papel relevante para o desenvolvimento local e para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar em todo o país, teve, através da Lei 11.947/2009, um incremento substancial: a partir de sua vigência, em 2010, esta lei, que delimita as diretrizes do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, determinou que ao menos 30% das verbas federais destinadas para a compra da alimentação escolar da rede escolar dos municípios e dos estados, devem ser utilizadas para compras diretas da agricultura familiar, de assentados da reforma agrária de povos e comunidades tradicionais. Com tal medida, abriu-se um mercado institucional de R$ 3,8 bilhões por ano a estes atores, responsáveis pela produção de 70% dos alimentos básicos do país, segundo dados do IBGE. Além da possibilidade de incremento de renda, a comercialização para o PNAE estimula a agricultura familiar a organizar-se de forma coletiva, via associações e cooperativas, e a ocupar um espaço de destaque junto à sociedade e ao setor público, através do reconhecimento e da valorização de seus múltiplos papéis como a produção de alimentos saudáveis e segurança alimentar, da preservação do meio ambiente e da manutenção de tradições sociais e culturais do campo. Os recursos do PNAE para os municípios e estados variam de acordo com o número de alunos na rede pública. As escolas, por sua vez, através do setor de nutrição, elaboram seus cardápios, prioritariamente em sintonia com as tradições alimentares regionais e com a produção da agricultura familiar local, definindo os produtos que serão adquiridos anualmente. Este estudo, desenvolvido na região do Médio Paranapanema nos municípios paulistas de Ourinhos, Chavantes e Salto Grande, teve como objetivo central verificar os impactos do PNAE sobre os agricultores familiares, considerando-se a ótica da multifuncionalidade. Para tanto, além das revisões bibliográficas, foram realizadas entrevistas com 17 representantes do setor público (das secretarias de educação e de agricultura, dos setores de alimentação escolar e de compras e dos serviços da assistência técnica e extensão rural nos municípios) e visitas ao centro de distribuição de alimentos de Ourinhos, às cozinhas municipais de Chavantes e de Salto Grande e a 21 unidades de produção familiar. Junto às famílias de agricultores familiares, foram realizadas 56 entrevistas durante visitas à seus estabelecimentos. Com o decorrer da pesquisa foi possível verificar a construção das relações institucionais entre prefeituras e agricultores, bem como as principais dificuldades e conquistas encontradas nesta empreitada. Por sua vez, junto aos agricultores, foram verificados alguns impactos do PNAE sobre a preservação do meio ambiente sobre a paisagem, bem como sobre as técnicas produtivas e suas relações com a segurança alimentar e produção de alimentos saudáveis. O PNAE, por fim, exerceu forte impacto sobre a renda das famílias, o que, por sua vez, se refletiu positivamente sobre o aspecto de manutenção do tecido social e cultural e, mais fortemente, sobre as questões de reprodução social e econômica das famílias, gerando novos arranjos na distribuição de trabalho entre os membros da família, com novas e melhores perspectivas para as mulheres e para os jovens.<br>The market institutional purchases, which plays an important role in local development and the strengthening of family farming throughout the country, had, through the Law 11947/2009, a substantial increase: from its term in 2010, this law which defines the guidelines of the National school feeding Programme, determined that at least 30% of federal funds intended for the purchase of school meals the school network of municipalities and states, should be used to direct purchases of family farming, the settlers agrarian reform peoples and traditional communities. It opened up an institutional market of R $ 3.7 billion a year to these actors, responsible for producing 70% of basic food of the country, according to IBGE data. Besides the possibility of income growth, marketing for PNAE allows family farmers to organize themselves collectively through associations and cooperatives, and occupy a prominent space in the society and the public sector, through the recognition and appreciation of their key role on the production of healthy food and food security, preserving the environment and maintaining social and cultural traditions of the field. The PNAE resources to municipalities and states vary according to the number of students in the public local network. Schools, in turn, through the nutrition sector, develop their menus, primarily in line with the regional food traditions and the production of local family farms, and define the products to be purchased annually. This study was developed in the Middle Paranapanema region in the tows of Ourinhos, Chavantes and Salto Grande, had as its central objective to verify the PNAE\'s impacts on farmers, considering the perspective of multifunctionality. Therefore, in addition to literature reviews, interviews were conducted with 17 people from the public sector (with the education departments, agriculture departments, school feeding sector, purchasing department and technical assistance and rural extension in the municipalities), visits to the center Ourinhos distribution of food and municipal kitchens Chavantes and Salto Grande and especially visits to 21 family production units, where each establishment became a cross walk. With families of farmers were conducted 56 interviews. In the course of the research it was possible to verify the construction of institutional relations between municipalities and farmers, as well as the main difficulties and achievements found in this endeavor. Turn to farmers, there was some PNAE impacts on the preservation of the environment and the landscape, as well as the production techniques and their relationship with food security and healthy food production. The PNAE finally had a strong impact on household income, which, in turn, is positively reflected on the aspect of maintaining the social and cultural fabric and more strongly on issues of social and economic reproduction of families, generating new arrangements in the distribution of work among family members, with new and better prospects for women and young people.
12
MASELLI, Morgana Mara Vaz da Silva. "A compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar no Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar: um balan?o da (n?o)implementa??o da pol?tica p?blica no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1959.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-11T18:26:00Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2016 - Morgana Mara Vaz da Silva Maselli.pdf: 1850065 bytes, checksum: 18dd8e33999d6d853db0bb00d5da600f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T18:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2016 - Morgana Mara Vaz da Silva Maselli.pdf: 1850065 bytes, checksum: 18dd8e33999d6d853db0bb00d5da600f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-01-19<br>The National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) started in the 1950s is the world?s largest public school program and the oldest Brazilian food program. A major change in the PNAE occurred in the 1990s when the resource management and program execution has become responsibility of the states and municipalities. Another change, which brought great attention to the program and that was the focus of this work, took place with the enactment of Law n?11.947/09, which made it mandatory investment of at least 30% of school feeding resources with acquisition of family farming products. This change was the result of the insertion of PNAE in public policies of Food and Nutritional Security, which strengthened the role of the program as an instrument to strengthening family agriculture and guaranteeing the right to healthy food for public school students in the country. This policy opens the possibility of a large institutional market for products from family farms and can assist in the process of collective organization of this category of farmers. The implementation is an important element of the policy cycle, in which decisions are taken and strategies sets through which the objectives of a public policy can be achieved. In this dynamic process there are involved different social actors who need to talk to another. This leads us to reflect on the obstacles and challenges in implementing this policy. We decided to conduct evaluation of the implementation process of the acquisition of family farming products, with approach focused on the dynamics of social actors involved in implementing this policy in the Rio de Janeiro?s municipality. We present a literature review of PNAE trajectory and the difficulties already encountered in the implementation of the acquisition of family farming in large cities, such as the difficulty of dealing with the Public Call instrument, issuing Daps for family farmers and the logistics of delivering products. Then prepared a history of agriculture in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, addressing aspects of agricultural production and existing public policies for this sector. We reconstitute a history of the implementation process of the PNAE?s acquisition of family farming the city, starting from the narratives of farmers, the Consea-Rio and municipal managers. Finally, we present an assessment of (non) implementation of this acquisition, because despite some attempts put in place, the city still does not acquire genres of family farming for school feeding. The balance is the result of analysis of the interaction between the regulatory framework of PNAE at the national level, with political, social and economic characteristics of the local context and indicates the established negotiations and strategies designed for the policy to take effect. We note that the lack of knowledge of City Hall about the reality of family farming and the difficulty of dealing with the normative instruments can be a barrier to implementation. As well as the poor organization of municipal farmers in formal groups and the high degree of urbanization of the municipality.<br>O Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar (PNAE) iniciado na d?cada de 1950 ? o maior programa p?blico de alimenta??o escolar do mundo e o mais antigo programa brasileiro de alimenta??o. Uma grande mudan?a no PNAE ocorreu na d?cada de 1990 quando a gest?o dos recursos e a execu??o do programa passou a ser de responsabilidade dos estados e munic?pios. Outra mudan?a de impacto, que trouxe grande aten??o ao programa e que foi foco deste trabalho, deu-se com a promulga??o da Lei n?11.947/09, que tornou obrigat?rio o investimento de no m?nimo 30% dos recursos da alimenta??o escolar com aquisi??o de produtos da agricultura familiar. Esta mudan?a foi fruto da inser??o do PNAE nas pol?ticas p?blicas de seguran?a alimentar e nutricional, que buscou refor?ar o papel do programa como um instrumento de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e de garantia do direito a uma alimenta??o saud?vel por alunos da rede p?blica de ensino do pa?s. Esta pol?tica abre a possibilidade de um volumoso mercado institucional para os produtos da agricultura familiar, podendo colaborar com o processo de organiza??o coletiva desta categoria de agricultores. A implementa??o ? um elemento importante do policy cycle, em que s?o tomadas decis?es e definidas estrat?gias atrav?s das quais poder?o ser atingidos os objetivos de uma pol?tica p?blica. Neste processo din?mico est?o envolvidos distintos atores sociais que precisam dialogar entre si. Isto nos leva a refletir sobre os entraves e desafios para a implementa??o desta pol?tica. Optamos por realizar avalia??o do processo de implementa??o da compra da agricultura familiar, com abordagem focada nas din?micas dos atores sociais envolvidos na implementa??o desta pol?tica no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. Apresentamos uma revis?o bibliogr?fica da trajet?ria do PNAE e as dificuldades j? encontradas na implementa??o da compra da agricultura familiar em munic?pios de grande porte, tais como a dificuldade de lidar com o instrumento Chamada P?blica, a emiss?o de Daps para os agricultores familiares e a log?stica de entrega dos produtos. Em seguida elaboramos um hist?rico da agricultura no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro, abordando os aspectos da produ??o agr?cola e das pol?ticas p?blicas existentes para este setor. Reconstitu?mos um hist?rico do processo de implementa??o da compra da agricultura familiar para o PNAE no munic?pio partindo das narrativas dos agricultores, do Consea-Rio e dos gestores municipais. Ao final, apresentamos um balan?o da (n?o) implementa??o desta compra, posto que, apesar de algumas tentativas colocadas em pr?tica, a prefeitura ainda n?o adquire g?neros da agricultura familiar para alimenta??o escolar. O balan?o ? fruto da an?lise da intera??o entre a estrutura normativa do PNAE em n?vel nacional, com as caracter?sticas pol?ticas, sociais e econ?micas do contexto local e indica as negocia??es estabelecidas e as estrat?gias desenhadas para que a pol?tica seja efetivada. Indicamos que o pouco conhecimento da Prefeitura acerca da realidade da agricultura familiar e a dificuldade de lidar com os instrumentos normativos pode ser um entrave ? implementa??o. Assim como a pouca organiza??o dos agricultores do munic?pio em grupos formais e o alto grau de urbaniza??o do munic?pio.
13
Bueno, Gabriel. "Inovação no setor público e o programa nacional de alimentação escolar: o processo de implementação do artigo 14 da lei 11.947/2009 no município de Sorocaba-SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3832.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
BUENO_Gabriel_2014.pdf: 1194261 bytes, checksum: 391d3ca8e2a6b5600c9a4b7927b352fa (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-12-11<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>The Federal Law 11.947 of 2009 provides that states and municipalities, to perform actions of the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE), must spend at least 30% of funds received from the National Fund for the Development of Education (ENDF) to purchase products from family farms. Despite presenting innovative features, such regulation has many challenges. Highlights the need for greater contact and cooperation between government managers and farmers during the PNAE implementation process. The literature that addresses the concept of innovation in the public sector also indicates the importance of inclusion of citizens/users in the design and provision of public actions. Based on these, this research aimed to identify innovative aspects in the PNAE implementation process in Sorocaba-SP. Also aimed to raise inducing aspects and barriers to innovation in this process. Collection and analysis of data, we used a qualitative approach and the method of single case study with multiple units of analysis and multiple sources of data collection. Among the main results, it was found that the participation of the actors involved in PNAE presented two different times as to the pricing of foodstuffs, impacting the relationship between the municipal government and the cooperatives of farmers. In general, there is no communication between the two main public sectors involved in the implementation of PNAE. By the family organizations, the formation of a central cooperative allowed greater representation of individual cooperatives. As inducing factors for the adoption of innovative practices, we highlight the own federal regulation - which gave rise to the need for inclusion of cooperatives in school food - and social pressure held in the spaces created through discussion forums and public hearings. Among the main barriers, were identified the legacy of past practices resulting from the outsourcing process, the lack of social control and lack of participation by the Council of School Feeding (CAE), besides the lack of public infrastructure geared specifically to meet agricultural and supply issues in the municipality.<br>A Lei Federal 11.947, de 2009, estabelece que estados e municípios, ao executarem ações do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), devem gastar no mínimo 30% dos recursos recebidos do Fundo Nacional para o Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE) na compra de produtos originários da agricultura familiar. Apesar de apresentar características inovadoras, tal regulamentação apresenta inúmeros desafios. Destaca-se a necessidade de maior aproximação e cooperação entre os gestores públicos e agricultores familiares durante o processo de implementação do PNAE. A literatura que aborda o conceito de inovação no setor público também indica a importância da inclusão dos cidadãos/usuários no processo de formulação e provisão das ações públicas. Frente ao exposto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar aspectos inovadores no processo de implementação do PNAE no município de Sorocaba-SP. Objetivou-se também levantar os aspectos indutores e barreiras para inovação neste processo. Para coleta e análise dos dados, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa e o método do estudo de caso único integrado, com diversas unidades de análise e múltiplas fontes de coleta. Entre os principais resultados, verificou-se que a participação dos atores envolvidos no PNAE apresentou dois momentos distintos quanto ao processo de definição dos preços dos gêneros alimentícios, impactando expressivamente a relação entre a administração pública municipal e as cooperativas de agricultores familiares. De maneira geral, não existe comunicação/articulação efetiva entre os dois principais setores públicos envolvidos na implementação do PNAE no município. Por parte das organizações familiares, a formação de uma cooperativa central permitiu maior representatividade das cooperativas singulares. Como fatores indutores para a adoção de práticas inovadoras, cabe destacar a própria regulamentação federal - que fez emergir a necessidade de inclusão das cooperativas na alimentação escolar - e a pressão social realizada nos espaços de discussão criados através de fóruns e audiências públicas. Dentre as principais barreiras, foram identificadas a herança de práticas anteriores advindas do processo de terceirização, o desconhecimento do controle social e ausência de participação através do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE), além da falta de estrutura pública voltada especificamente para atender questões agrícolas e de abastecimento no município.
14
Tagoe, Ishmael. "The Ghana National School Feeding Program: Peoples' Perceptions about the Program's Impact on School Enrolment, Attendance and Completion." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1521682869298246.
Texte intégral
15
Costa, Liliam Magda Campos. "The School Feeding National Program (PNAE) users perspective: a case study." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1737.
Texte intégralRésumé :
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>O Programa Nacional de AlimentaÃÃo Escolar (PNAE) tem dentre seus objetivos contribuir para a superaÃÃo do baixo rendimento e na reduÃÃo da evasÃo escolar. Apesar da polÃtica social de alimentaÃÃo escolar nÃo visar eliminar a desnutriÃÃo infantil no Brasil, buscando apenas suprir 15% das necessidades nutricionais diÃrias das crianÃas, à relevante pelo fato de representar acesso à alimentos necessÃrios ao crescimento e ao aprendizado pelos escolares, como tambÃm por fornecer a possibilidade do resgate de hÃbitos e costumes locais, importantes na identidade Ãtnica da populaÃÃo. AlÃm disso, os recursos destinados à compra da merenda escolar podem representar para a comunidade uma possibilidade de desenvolvimento sustentÃvel, pois a gestÃo dos recursos de forma participativa pode levar à construÃÃo de uma nova racionalidade na exploraÃÃo dos recursos naturais locais. A principal motivaÃÃo deste trabalho à contribuir para as discussÃes das polÃticas pÃblicas na reduÃÃo da pobreza e compreender as inter relaÃÃes entre a oferta de uma polÃtica compensatÃria e os impactos gerados para a populaÃÃo demandante. Busca-se atravÃs de um estudo de caso, onde o espaÃo geogrÃfico à o municÃpio de TauÃ-CE, determinar a eficiÃncia, eficÃcia e efetividade de um programa de carÃter redistributivo atravÃs da anÃlise descritiva da perspectiva dos usuÃrios em relaÃÃo ao PNAE. Trata-se de uma avaliaÃÃo ex post, que se utilizando da pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e documental, da aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios à comunidade escolar, de entrevistas à nutricionista e representantes das instituiÃÃes de fomento local e de tabulaÃÃo pelo programa estatÃstico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) evidencia que os problemas de infra-estrutura dos transportes e estradas do municÃpio e a ausÃncia de equipamentos nas escolas representam os principais entraves ao alcance da eficÃcia do Programa e que a perda do poder de compra dos R$ 0,13 per capita/dia aliado à homogeneizaÃÃo da populaÃÃo-objetivo realizada de forma centralizada, compromete sua eficiÃncia. Enfim, explicita a ausÃncia da utilizaÃÃo de indicadores para a mensuraÃÃo da efetividade pelos gestores do programa e o desconhecimento da comunidade escolar em relaÃÃo à sua gestÃo e operacionalizaÃÃo.<br>The School Feeding National Program (PNAE) aims to contribute to overcome the low school revenue and in the reduction of the school escape. In spite of the social politics of school feeding not to seek to eliminate the child malnutrition in Brazil, just looking for to supply 15% of the children's needs daily, it is important for the fact of representing access to necessary foods to the growth and the learning for the scholars, as well as for supplying the possibility of the ransom of customs and local customs, important in the ethnic identity of the population. Besides, the resources destined to the purchase of the school snack can represent for the community a possibility of maintainable development, because the administration of the resources of a participant form can take to the construction of a new rationality in the exploration of the local natural resources. The main motivation of this work is to contribute for the discussions of the public politics in the reduction of the poverty and to understand the inter relationships among the
offer of a compensatory politics and the impact
s generated for the population plaintiff. It is
looked for through a case study, where the geograp
hical space is the municipal district of TauÃ-
CE, to determine the efficiency, effectiveness and effectiveness of a re-distribution program
through the descriptive analysis of the PNAE users
perspective. It is a subsequent evaluation, that
if using of bibliographical and documental research
, of the application of questionnaires to the
school community, of interviews to the nutritionist
and representatives of the institutions of local
fomentation and of tabulation for the statistical
program Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS), it evidences that the problems of infrastructure of the transports and highways
of the municipal district and the absence of equipments in the schools represent the main impediments within reach of the effectiveness of the Program and that the loss of the purchase power of the R$ 0,13 per capita/day allied to the accomplishment of the equality of the population-objective made of a centralized form, commits its efficiency. Finally, it explicits the absence of the use of indicators for the measuration of its effectiveness by the managers of the program and the school community's ignorance in relation to its administration.
16
Souza, Vanessa Manfré Garcia de. "Gestão do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e a implementação da compra da agricultura familiar em municípios de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-04092017-144926/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introdução A gestão dos recursos financeiros do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) destinados à aquisição de alimentos, incluindo produtos da agricultura familiar, pode ser realizada de forma centralizada (pelo estado ou prefeitura), escolarizada (pela escola), ou mista (estado ou prefeitura e a escola). Objetivo Descrever e analisar as características da implementação da compra da agricultura familiar, de acordo com as modalidades de gestão do Programa de Alimentação Escolar e características dos municípios do estado de São Paulo. Métodos Estudo descritivo transversal, com análise quantitativa, envolvendo uma amostra de 25 municípios de São Paulo que compraram produtos da agricultura familiar em 2012 para a alimentação escolar. Em 2013, foram realizadas entrevistas com a autoridade escolar e uma merendeira das 105 escolas sorteadas nesses municípios. Foram analisadas as características da implementação da compra da agricultura familiar relacionadas ao conhecimento da Lei 11.947/2009 e divulgação do processo de compras com a comunidade escolar, ao apoio institucional, à entrega e variedade dos alimentos. Para a descrição da implementação foram utilizadas frequências absolutas e relativas e, para verificar associação, o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados - Dos 25 municípios, 20 (80 por cento ) tinham gestão centralizada e 5 (20 por cento ) gestão escolarizada ou mista. Sobre a implementação da compra da agricultura familiar e as modalidades de gestão do PNAE, o percentual de responsáveis escolares que conheciam a Lei 11.947/2009 foi maior na gestão centralizada (p=0,010); o percentual de divulgação do processo de compras nas escolas foi maior na gestão escolarizada ou mista (p=0,010); não foi encontrada associação entre ações de apoio institucional e a gestão do PNAE; apenas 35 por cento dos municípios de gestão centralizada atingiram a utilização mínima de 30 por cento dos recursos do PNAE com a compra da agricultura familiar, enquanto todos de gestão escolarizada ou mista atingiram o mínimo (p=0,015). Sobre a implementação e características dos municípios, foram encontradas as seguintes associações: divulgação do processo de compras nas escolas com o número de alunos (p=0,038) e o PIB do município (p=0,020); orientação sobre o manejo dos alimentos ao responsável escolar e porte municipal (p=0,011), número de escolas públicas (p=0,040) e PIB (p=0,003); ocorrência de treinamento com merendeiras e porte do município (p=0,005); maior variedade de alimentos recebidos da agricultura familiar e o porte (p=0,027), número de alunos (p=0,025), área territorial (p=0,025) e IDHM (p=0,001). A utilização do mínimo de 30 por cento dos recursos do PNAE na compra da agricultura familiar foi associada com: divulgação do processo de compras da agricultura familiar (p=0,003), realização de melhorias na estrutura da cozinha (p=0,039), treinamento com merendeiras (p=0,020) e maior variedade de alimentos da agricultura familiar recebidos nas escolas (p=0,004); não houve associação com características municipais. Conclusões A gestão centralizada da alimentação escolar foi a mais prevalente nos municípios de São Paulo. Algumas características da implementação da compra da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar foram associadas ao tipo de gestão do PNAE e a características dos municípios<br>Introduction- The financial resources of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) for the purchase of food, including products from family farming, can be managed centrally (by the State or city government), school-based, or mixed (State or city manager and school). Objective - To describe and analyze the characteristics of the implementation of the purchasing from family farming, according to the management modalities of the School Feeding Program and the characteristics of municipalities of São Paulo state. Methods - Descriptive cross-sectional study with quantitative analysis, involving a sample of 25 municipalities in São Paulo, who have purchased products from family farming in 2012 for school feeding purposes. In 2013, interviews were conducted with the school authority and a school cook of 105 schools in those municipalities. Were analyzed characteristics of the implementation of the purchase of family farming related to the knowledge of Law 11.947/2009 and dissemination of the purchasing process with the school community, institutional support, delivery and variety of food. For the description of the implementation, absolute and relative frequencies were used and, to verify association, Chi-square test and Fisher\'s exact test, with significance level of p<0,05. Results Out of the 25 municipalities, 20 (80 per cent ) had centralized management of school feeding and 5 (20 per cent ) had school or mixed management. Regarding the implementation of the purchase and the modalities of management of PNAE, the percentage of school leaders who knew the Law 11.947 /2009 was higher in centralized management (p =0,010); the percentage of disclosure of the purchasing process was higher in school or mixed management (p=0,010); there was no association between institutional support actions and PNAE management; only 35 per cent of the centrally managed municipalities reached the 30 per cent minimum use of resources from PNAE with the acquisition from family farming, while all of the school or mixed management reached the minimum (p=0,015). About the implementation and characteristics of the municipalities, the following associations were found: dissemination of the purchasing process with the number of students (p=0,038) and the municipality\'s Gross Domestic Product (p = 0,020); guidance on food management to the school leaders and the population of the municipality (p = 0,011), number of public schools (p = 0,040) and GDP (p=0,003); occurrence of training with school cooks and the population of the municipality (p=0,005); greater variety of food from family farming and the population (p=0,027), number of students (p =0,025), territorial area (p=0,025) and the Municipal Human Development Index (p=0,001). The 30 per cent minimum use of resources with the acquisition from family farming was associated with: dissemination of the family farming purchasing process (p =0,003), improvements in kitchen structure (p =0,039), training with school cook (p=0,020) and greater variety of food from family farming (p =0,004); there was no association with municipal characteristics. Conclusions - The centralized management of school feeding was the most prevalent in the municipalities of São Paulo. Some characteristics of the implementation of the purchase from family farming were associated with the kind of management of PNAE and the characteristics of the municipalities
17
Silva, Amanda Valente da. "Avaliação do programa nacional de alimentação escolar em âmbito municipal:subsídios para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde (PGNUT), 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9542.
Texte intégralRésumé :
p. 1-129<br>Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-08T19:17:16Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T13:15:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T13:15:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009<br>A América Latina, apesar da transição socioeconômica, ainda concentra elevados níveis de pobreza e fome. Isto aumenta a desigualdade e as suas consequências sobre os estudantes da educação básica. Este artigo desenvolve um diálogo entre as diferentes estruturas do Programa de Alimentação Escolar (PAE) em alguns países latino-americanos. O objetivo é contribuir para um aprofundamento das questões que envolvem a alimentação escolar como um direito humano. Seis países foram selecionados para a amostra (Brasil, Chile, Cuba, México, Panamá e Uruguai), considerando o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), o engajamento destes países na área da alimentação escolar e a disponibilidade de informações oficiais e estudos científicos na área. A estratégia de revisão incluiu a investigação documental em fonte de origem governamental e não governamental, em páginas eletrônicas e bases científicas. As seguintes categorias foram consideradas na análise dos programas: 1.objetivos; 2.beneficiários; 3.tipo de cobertura; 4.tipo de benefício; 5.modelo de gestão e de participação e controle social; 6.sistemas de avaliação da implementação. Os resultados mostram que os programas são similares quanto aos objetivos ao atender às necessidades nutricionais dos escolares, incentivando a promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis e reduzir a evasão escolar. A cobertura geralmente se concentra nos estudantes em situação de risco social. Apenas o Brasil formaliza a participação e o controle social do PAE, por meio do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar. Na maioria das situações consideradas, os programas são centralizados sob a gestão do Ministério da Educação. Somente Brasil e México adotam o modelo de descentralização. Finalmente, os resultados desta análise revelam que os programas ainda são carentes de mecanismos de monitoramento e avaliação de processos e resultados. As melhorias nesta área são relevantes para que os programas possam garantir a alimentação escolar como um direito universal.<br>Salvador
18
Mora, Claudia Andrea Rodriguez. "Distribuição espacial dos fatores associados à vinculação da agricultura familiar com o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar nos municípios do estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-26102015-131942/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introdução: O Governo Federal aprovou a Lei 11.947 de junho de 2009, a qual dispõe sobre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e consolida a sua vinculação com a agricultura familiar (AF). Esta legislação prevê que do total dos recursos financeiros repassados pelo governo federal aos estados e municípios, no mínimo 30% deverão ser utilizados na aquisição de produtos alimentícios diretamente da AF e do empreendedor familiar rural e que esta aquisição poderá ser realizada dispensando-se o procedimento licitatório. A operacionalização desta política é um processo complexo, posto que envolve distintos setores do governo e da sociedade, além de fatores territoriais, os quais juntos podem facilitar ou dificultar para que esta vinculação tenha sucesso. Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência da compra direta da AF para o PNAE e analisar os fatores associados à sua implementação. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo transversal. Foram analisados dados coletados na pesquisa O encontro entre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e a agricultura familiar: avaliação do processo de implementação e dos possíveis efeitos das compras locais, segundo a lei 11.947/2009, o qual avaliou 38 municípios do estado de São Paulo (25 que compraram da AF e 13 que não compraram). Variáveis sobre características socioeconômicas dos municípios e de gestão do PNAE, divulgação do processo de compras da AF para o PNAE, apoio institucional para a implementação das compras da AF, planejamento do cardápio, condições das escolas para implementação das compras da AF e compra da AF foram analisadas. Para descrição da compra da AF, foram utilizadas proporções; para verificação de associação, foram utilizados teste exato de Fisher e teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney; o nível de significância estatística foi de p0,05. Resultados: Municípios nos quais existiam projetos ou ações da prefeitura dirigidos aos agricultores familiares para apoiar o processo de implementação das compras da AF (p=0,02) e nos quais todas as escolas apresentavam merendeiras em número suficiente para manipulação e preparo dos alimentos da AF (p=0,03) apresentaram associação com a compra direta da AF para o PNAE. Dos municípios estudados 40% utilizaram no mínimo 30% dos recursos repassados na compra de alimentos da AF; compraram de agricultores familiares do mesmo município 64% dos municípios; tinham todas as escolas com condições adequadas para receber, armazenar e preparar os alimentos da AF 36% dos municípios; apoiaram aos agricultores familiares na logística de entrega dos produtos 64% dos municípios; avaliaram a qualidade geral dos alimentos da AF como de ótima ou boa 92% dos municípios; melhorias na adesão às refeições por parte dos escolares e da qualidade das refeições foram relatadas pelos nutricionistas na maioria dos municípios (56% e 80%, respectivamente). Conclusões: O apoio institucional aos agricultores familiares por meio de projetos ou ações que facilitem sua vinculação com o PNAE é um fator crucial para o sucesso da implementação das compras da agricultura familiar. Avaliar as condições das cozinhas das escolas para o recebimento e preparo dos de alimentos da agricultura familiar é prioritário.<br>Introduction: The federal government of Brazil approved the Law 11.947, which establishes standards for the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and consolidates its relationship with the family farming (FF). The law states that the total financial resources allocated by the federal government to states and municipalities for school meals at least 30 per cent should be used to purchase products directly from FF and that this acquisition can be performed dispensing with the bidding process. The implementation of this initiative is a complex process because it involves different sectors of government and society, and territorial factors, which may allow or hinder the success of this binding. Objective: This study aims to describe the prevalence of direct purchase of AF for the PNAE and analyze some of the factors that may be related Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Were analyzed data collected in the survey: \"The meeting of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and the family farming: evaluation of the implementation process and the possible effects of local purchases, according to law 11.947/2009\", which evaluated 38 municipalities in the São Paulo state (25 who bought from FF and 13 who not bought). Socio-economic characteristics of the municipalities and management of PNAE, divulgation of purchasing process, institutional support for the implementation of FF purchases, menu planning, infrastructure conditions of kitchens and staff capacity on the schools for store and prepare the products from FF were analyzed. For a description of the FF purchase, were used proportions; for verification of association, were used Fisher\'s exact test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test; the level of statistical significance was set at p 0.05. Results: Municipalities where had projects or share directed to family farmers to support the process of implementation of FF purchases (p = 0.02) and where all schools had staff in sufficient number for handling foods from FF (p = 0.03) were associated with the direct purchase from FF to PNAE. 40 per cent of municipalities have used at least 30 per cent of the funds transferred to purchase foods from FF; 64 per cent of municipalities bought from family farmers the same municipality; Only 36 per cent of municipalities had all schools with adequate conditions for receiving, storing and preparing foods from FF; 64 per cent of the municipalities supported farmers in the delivery logistics of products; 92 per cent of the municipalities assessed the overall quality the foods from FF of as excellent or good; improvements in adherence to meals by the school and the quality of the meals were reported by nutritionists in most municipalities (56 per cent and 80 per cent , respectively). Conclusions: Institutional support to family farmers through projects or actions to facilitate their connection with the PNAE is a crucial factor for the successful implementation of purchases of family farming. Assess the conditions of school kitchens for receiving, storing and preparing the family farming foods is high-priority.
19
Mohammed, Fuseina Mama. "The study of the (FCUBE) capitation grant and the school feeding programmes/schemes : a case study of the Ashiedu Keteke sub-metro in the greater Accra Region of Ghana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1195.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study focused on the impacts and challenges associated with the introduction of FCUBE with particular emphasis on the Capitation Grant and the School Feeding Programmes in the Ashiedu Keteke Sub-Metro of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data was collected from Six Basic Schools in the Sub- Metro under Circuits 12 and 13. This study found out from the participants that the introduction of these policy options even though has improved enrolment and the quality of education is faced with a lot of obstacles and challenges such as access to school, shortage of teachers, economic and social cultural practices etc. It seems evident from the analysis in this study and observations that despite the achievements of government, there still are a number of children out of school in Ghana and being denied the right to education and therefore the goals of universal access to primary quality education cannot be achieved through the linear expansion of existing public schools system alone. One limitation was that the sample was quite small due to limited time and resources. The study contributes to the understanding of what the various education policies say and what really happens on the ground. It provides a foundation for further studies on a more extensive scale so as to get a broader picture of what the education sector really experience, as well providing guidance for the ministry to take actions that make it more friendly.
20
Souza, Camila Alves Nogueira de. "Adequação nutricional e desperdício de alimentos em centros de educação infantil de Maceió, AL." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1528.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The School Feeding programs find to generate benefits to students, are nutritional, through the partial supply of nutritional requirements and prevent truancy, and provide greater social interaction between teachers, students and school community. However, in order to contribute to the discussion about the School Feeding Program, this dissertation presents two articles: the first it is a narrative review, which discusses the current situation of the School Feeding programs in Latin America, of which we sought identify: type of coverage, population served, modality, offered meals, nutritional recommendations and for the purchase of products from the family farm. About 70% of countries have a program with universal, more than 80% meets the urban and rural population, on average 50% refer or recommend the use of food from family farms in their guidelines. Countries showed great heterogeneity among programs, suggesting the need for review and discussion of distribution of meals, as well as its qualitative and quantitative composition. The second original article refers to a cross-sectional study in Maceió / AL, which sought to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of the meals served and consumed by Early Childhood Education Centers of children served by the National School Feeding Programme and quantifying food waste in these institutions. All served and consumed preparations were analyzed by three non-consecutive days in all institutions. Meals of 364 children aged between 17 and 63 months assisted by the program were analyzed. The nutritional value obtained for the served and consumed meals were compared with reference values for energy, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins A and C, iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, sodium and fiber. Food waste was determined by the rest-intake rate. Meals served and consumed attended approximately 50% of the recommended for energy and macronutrients. In short, the comparison between the average offered nutrients consumed and showed statistical significance (p <0.05) for fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc. Of the 85 food / gifts preparations on the menu, 58 (68%) had high-rest intake percentage, more than 10%. The results showed that both the foods served and those actually consumed did not guarantee the recommended nutritional recommendations, with a high amount of wasted food, with a statistically significant difference between specific nutrients offered and consumed.<br>Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas<br>Os Programas de Alimentação Escolar buscam gerar benefícios aos estudantes, sejam nutricionais, por meio do suprimento parcial das necessidades nutricionais, bem como evitam a evasão escolar, além de proporcionarem maior interação social entre professores, alunos e comunidade escolar. Todavia, visando contribuir com a discussão acerca dos Programas de Alimentação Escolar, esta dissertação apresenta dois artigos: o primeiro trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, a qual discorre sobre o panorama atual dos Programas de Alimentação Escolar na América Latina, dos quais se buscou identificar: tipo de cobertura, população atendida, modalidade, refeições ofertadas, recomendações nutricionais e em relação a aquisição de produtos oriundos da agricultura familiar. Cerca de 70% dos países possuem um Programa com caráter universal, mais de 80% atende a população urbana e rural, em média 50% referem ou recomendam a utilização de alimentos provenientes da agricultura familiar em suas diretrizes. Os países apresentaram grande heterogeneidade entre os Programas, sugerindo a necessidade de revisão e discussão sobre distribuição das refeições, bem como sua composição quantitativa e qualitativa. O segundo artigo original refere-se a um estudo transversal realizado na cidade de Maceió/AL, que buscou avaliar a adequação nutricional das refeições servidas e consumidas por crianças de Centros de Educação Infantil atendidas pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, bem como quantificar o desperdício de alimentos nestas instituições. Todas as preparações servidas e consumidas foram analisadas por três dias não consecutivos em todas as instituições. Foram analisadas as refeições de 364 crianças com idade entre 17 e 63 meses assistidas pelo Programa. O valor nutricional obtido para as refeições servidas e consumidas foram comparadas com os valores de referência para energia, carboidrato, proteína, lipídio, vitaminas A e C, ferro, cálcio, zinco, magnésio, sódio e fibra. O desperdício de alimentos foi determinado pelo índice de resto-ingestão. As refeições servidas e consumidas atenderam aproximadamente 50% do recomendado para energia e macronutrientes. Em suma, a comparação entre as médias dos nutrientes ofertados e consumidos revelou significância estatística (p<0,05) para fibra, vitamina A, vitamina C, cálcio, ferro e zinco. Dos 85 alimentos/preparações presentes no cardápio, 58 (68%) apresentaram percentual de resto-ingestão elevado, superior a 10%. Os resultados demostraram que tanto os alimentos servidos quanto os efetivamente consumidos não garantiram o atendimento das recomendações nutricionais preconizadas, constatando-se elevada quantidade de alimentos desperdiçados, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre nutrientes específicos ofertados e consumidos.
21
Costa, Paula Medeiros. "Gestão e execução do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4573.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-05-22T19:32:28Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Paula Medeiros Costa - 2015.pdf: 2373961 bytes, checksum: 832eb394e11036008b56cc872a9503ef (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-05-22T19:34:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Paula Medeiros Costa - 2015.pdf: 2373961 bytes, checksum: 832eb394e11036008b56cc872a9503ef (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-22T19:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Paula Medeiros Costa - 2015.pdf: 2373961 bytes, checksum: 832eb394e11036008b56cc872a9503ef (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-03-31<br>The Nacional School Feeding Programme (NSFP), one of the most important public politics of feeding and nutrition in Brazil, aim to promote Food and Nutritional Security and ensure to the basic education students the right of having free, nutritive, healthy and higienic food during the whole school year. Considering the importance of school feeding for students, this project aim to analyze the management and enforcement of The Nacional School Feeding Programme in the Federal Institutes of Education, Cience and Tecnology. This Project is a transversal study, the data collection happened in the second semestre of 2014 by phone call interviews in 203 Campi of the Institutes, distributed proportionaly in brasilian macro-regions.The descriptive variables were expressed in relative and absolute frequency. For variables comparision (Campi with and without nutritionist) Pearson x2 tests were held with Yates correction or Fisher Exato. In order to measure the variables association magnitude with p<0,05, the prevalence reason were calculated. In order to investigate the numeric variable simetry the Shapiro – Wilk normality test was used and then the median was calculated. The statistic significance level of 5% was considered. The results indicated that 22,16% of the Campi received the NSFP resources and among these 27 had nutritionist. Among the Campi that received the resources 46,7% bought familiar agriculture supriment , 60% had food and nutritional education activities, 40% have an especific menu for the programme, 71,1% show the menu to the students, 46,7% offer diferente food for students with special nutritional needs and 51,1% make acceptability tests. It was concluded that few Campi received financial resources of the Scholar Food Nacional Program and that the presence of the nutricionist, even without contributing efectivelly in the resource reception, favored to make the food and nutrition educational activities, one of the main axis of the program.<br>O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, uma das políticas públicas de alimentação e nutrição mais importantes do Brasil, busca promover a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e garantir o direito aos estudantes da educação básica a uma alimentação gratuita, nutritiva, saudável e de qualidade higiênicossanitário durante o ano letivo. Diante da importância da alimentação escolar aos estudantes, este trabalho objetivou analisar a gestão e execução do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Trata- se de um estudo transversal, com coleta de dados realizada no segundo semestre de 2014 por entrevista telefônica em 203 Campi dos Institutos, distribuídos proporcionalmente nas macrorregiões brasileiras. As variáveis descritivas foram expressas em frequência absoluta e relativa. Para comparação das variáveis (Campi com e sem nutricionista) realizou os testes do χ2 de Pearson com correção de Yates ou Exato de Fisher. Para mensurar a magnitude de associação das variáveis com p<0,05, calculou-se razão de prevalência. Para averiguar a simetria da variável numérica utilizou o teste Shapiro – Wilk normality e em seguida calculou-se a mediana. Considerou-se nível de significância estatística de 5%. Os resultados indicaram que 22,16% dos Campi recebiam o recurso do PNAE e destes, 27 possuíam nutricionista. Dos Campi que recebiam o recurso 46,7% compravam gêneros da agricultura familiar, 60% realizavam atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional, 40% possuíam cardápio específico para o Programa, 71,1% disponibilizavam o cardápio ao aluno, 46,7% forneciam alimentação diferenciada para estudantes com necessidades nutricionais especiais e 51,1% realizavam teste de aceitabilidade. Concluiu-se que poucos Campi recebiam o recurso financeiro do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e que a presença do nutricionista, mesmo não contribuindo de forma efetiva para o recebimento deste recurso, favoreceu a realização das atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional, um dos principais de eixos de atuação do Programa.
22
Voci, Silvia Maria. "Padrões alimentares, participação em programas sociais e demais fatores associados à insegurança alimentar e nutricional de adolescentes de escolas públicas do município de Piracicaba, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-29082012-141218/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objetivo. Verificar a existência de associações entre a insegurança alimentar e nutricional e padrões alimentares, a participação em programas sociais, dentre outros fatores em adolescentes de escolas públicas de Piracicaba (SP). Métodos. Este estudo foi conduzido em amostra probabilística de 488 escolares da 5ª série do ensino fundamental da rede pública de Piracicaba. Foram coletadas informações demográficas, antropométricas, bioquímicas e de pressão arterial, sobre a adesão à alimentação escolar, e de consumo alimentar a partir de Questionário de Frequência Alimentar Simplificado para Adolescentes (QFASA). Também foram obtidas informações sobre situações de insegurança alimentar e nutricional (IAN), participação em programas de transferência de renda e informações socioeconômicas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson, t de Student e U de Mann Whitney. Padrões alimentares foram definidos a partir de Análise de Componentes Principais. A análise de regressão logística avaliou a influência de múltiplas variáveis na presença de IAN (variável dependente dicotômica). O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Resultados. De 308 escolares da amostra final, 54,5 por cento eram meninas. Mais de 40 por cento dos lares de escolares entrevistados apresentaram algum nível de IAN. Observaram-se elevadas proporções de adesão à alimentação escolar (70 por cento ) e de excesso de peso (39 por cento ). O principal padrão alimentar observado contou com maior participação de doces, massas, carnes, salgados, pães, frutas e hortaliças. Conclusão. A insegurança alimentar e nutricional determinou a participação no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e em programas de transferência de renda. Quando se observa um adolescente que pratica o padrão alimentar descrito, que reconhece a importância da alimentação escolar para o desenvolvimento físico e que cujo domicílio tem mais pessoas ocupadas, a probabilidade de tratar-se de um indivíduo que está em situação de IAN é menor.<br>Objective . To verify possible associations between food insecurity and food patterns, participation in social programs and other factors among adolescents enrolled in public schools of Piracicaba (SP). Methods . This study was conducted in a representative sample of 488 students enrolled in the fifth grade of public schools of Piracicaba. Data about demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, blood pressure, school feeding and food intake information were collected using computerized questionnaires and a Food Frequency Questionnaire Simplified for Adolescents (QFASA). Information about food insecurity, socioeconomic characteristics, and participation in Conditional Cash Transfer Programs were also obtained. Descriptive analysis, Chi-squared test to categorical variables, and t-Student and Mann-Whitney U test in order to compare means between groups were performed. Food patterns were predicted from food intake data, using the Principal Component Analysis method. These food patterns were transformed in variables and were used in logistic regression analysis. Food insecurity was the dependent variable. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the School of Public Health. Results. Out of the total 308 scholars of the final sample, 55 per cent were girls. More than 40 per cent of adolescents households presented some level of food insecurity. High proportions of students who consumed the school feeding (70 per cent ) and that were overweight (39 per cent ) were observed. The main dietary pattern observed was composed of higher participation of sweets, pasta, meats, pastries breads, fruits and vegetables. Conclusion. Food and nutrition insecurity (FNI) in scholars enrolled in public schools of Piracicaba determined their participation in the National School Feeding Program and in the Conditional Cash Transfer Programs. A teenager who practices the described eating pattern, who recognizes the importance of the school feeding for the physical development and whose home has more people employed, is less likely to be in a FNI status.
23
Sanches, Michele. "Hortaliças: consumo e preferências de escolares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-12022003-143128/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Análises elaboradas nas últimas três décadas, tendo por base dados obtidos por pesquisas nacionais revelam que houve redução do consumo, pela população brasileira, de alimentos de origem vegetal. Também tem sido destacado por diversos autores que o baixo consumo de frutas e hortaliças está associado ao maior risco do desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e diversos tipos de câncer. Pesquisas envolvendo crianças e adolescentes brasileiros revelam que os mesmos consomem, de forma geral, reduzida quantidade desses alimentos. Com o objetivo de estimular o consumo dos alimentos de origem vegetal, têm sido buscadas alternativas e, entre essas, a incorporação de maior quantidade e variedade dos referidos alimentos nas refeições dos programas alimentares dirigidos, por exemplo, aos escolares. Uma alternativa que se revela promissora é a utilização dos alimentos minimamente processados, também considerados de "conveniência" ou de "fácil preparo". A presente pesquisa, realizada no município de Piracicaba SP e tendo por base amostra de 210 escolares, matriculados em escolas públicas, visou conhecer: a aceitabilidade das hortaliças minimamente processadas; a análise do consumo de alimentos, com destaque para a contribuição de energia e nutrientes provenientes das hortaliças e frutas e, também, a avaliação do estado nutricional dos alunos. Foram analisados os indicadores antropométricos (escore Z de altura para idade ZAI e escore Z de peso para idade ZPI) e a distribuição do Índice de Massa Corporal IMC. As informações relativas ao consumo alimentar (análises quantitativas e qualitativas) foram obtidas por meio da realização de entrevistas, adotando-se o método de registro de alimentos (Recordatório 24 horas). Para o cálculo e as análises do conteúdo de energia e nutrientes presentes na alimentação dos escolares utilizou-se o software Virtual Nutri (Philippi et al., 1996). Para conhecer a opinião do grupo de alunos sobre as hortaliças minimamente processadas, realizou-se teste de análise sensorial, adotando-se a escala hedônica facial de três pontos. Os resultados revelaram que dos alunos entrevistados, 35,2% das meninas e 32,4% dos meninos apresentaram sobrepeso enquanto apenas 1,9% dos escolares revelaram condição oposta, ou seja, baixo peso. Verificou-se que 50% da população estudada possui dieta cujo conteúdo energético não atingiu o valor mínimo recomendado e, somente 36,19% dos escolares apresentaram adequada participação dos macronutrientes (carboidratos, proteínas e lipídios) no Valor Energético Total VET. Observou-se também, que 58,10% dos participantes da pesquisa gostaram muito das hortaliças minimamente processadas, e apenas 10,47% reprovaram os vegetais. verificou-se que 17,14% das meninas e apenas 3,81% dos meninos, afirmaram "não gostar" das hortaliças minimamente processadas. Ressalta-se que 61% dos escolares que revelaram "gostar muito" dos vegetais minimamente processados, pertencem a famílias com menor renda per capita. Há possibilidades que uma maior oferta e consumo de hortaliças, pelos alunos, seja assegurada com a devida incorporação de alimentos minimamente processados às refeições dos programas alimentares, que vigoram atualmente no Brasil.<br>Analysis elaborated in the last three decades, based on information obtained through national researches reveal that there was reduction of the consumption, for the Brazilian population, of foods of vegetable origin. It has also been highlighted by several authors that the low consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated to a larger risk of development of cardiovascular diseases and several cancer types. Researches involving children and Brazilian teenagers reveal that they consume, in general, reduced amount of those foods. With the objective of stimulating the consumption of the foods of vegetable origin, alternatives have been looked for and, among those, the incorporation of a larger amount and variety of the referred foods in the meals of the alimentary programs driven to the scholars, for instance. An alternative, which seems promising, is the use of the minimally processed vegetables, also considered of "convenience" or "easy to prepare". This research, accomplished in the municipal district of Piracicaba SP, based on a sample of 210 students, enrolled in public schools, aimed to know: the acceptability of the minimally processed vegetables; analyze the consumption of foods; highlighting the contribution of energy and nutrients coming from vegetables and fruits and, also, the students' nutritional status. The anthropometrical indicators were analyzed (Z - scores of height to age ZAI and Z scores of weight for age - ZPI) as well as the distribution of the Body Mass Index - BMI. The information concerning the alimentary consumption (quantitative and qualitative analysis) was obtained through interviews, being adopted the method of registration of foods (Reminding 24 hours). For the calculation and analysis of the content of energy and nutrients present in the students feeding it was used the software Virtual Nutri (Philippi et al., 1996). To know the opinion of the students' group on the minimally processed vegetables, a sensorial analysis took place, adopting the three points facial hedonic scale. The results revealed that, among the interviewed students, only 35,2% of the girls and 32,4% of the boys presented overweight while 1,9% of the students revealed the opposite condition, that is, low weight. It was verified that 50% of the studied population have a diet in which energy content didn't reach the recommended minimum value and, only 36,19% of the students presented appropriate participation of the macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) in the Total Energy Value TEV. It was also observed that 58,10% of the participants of the research enjoyed a lot the minimally processed vegetables, and only 10,47% didn't enjoy the vegetables. It was verified that 17,14% of the girls and only 3,81% of the boys stated not to "enjoy" the minimally processed vegetables. It is important to say that 61% of the students who revealed to "enjoy a lot" the minimally processed vegetables, belong to families that have a smaller family income per capita. There are possibilities that a larger offer and consumption of vegetables, among the students, is guaranteed with the incorporation of minimally processed foods to the meals of the alimentary programs in place in Brazil today.
24
Camargo, Samira Gaiad Cibim de. "Análise do conceito de soberania alimentar no programa nacional de alimentação escolar no município de Piracicaba (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-01082016-174655/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O conceito de soberania alimentar surgiu após outros conceitos acerca das questões alimentares. Um deles é o conceito de segurança alimentar que após a II Guerra Mundial já trazia à tona critérios ditos como essenciais para uma alimentação digna e correta. No entanto, ainda não se falava tanto da influência da liberdade e dos modelos de produção da agricultura, que vieram a fazer parte da pauta de discussões mundiais sobre alimentação, principalmente a partir da década de 1990, período em que a partir de inúmeras discussões e propostas de movimentos sociais, foi criado o conceito de soberania alimentar. Tal conceito foi baseado no fato de que todos os indivíduos, comunidades, povos e países possuem o direito de definir suas próprias políticas da agricultura, do trabalho, do alimento e da terra. Sendo assim, o conceito de soberania alimentar chamou atenção para outras questões além da qualidade dos alimentos e por este motivo o conceito ganhou e vem ganhando grandes conotações nas cúpulas de discussões mundiais sobre alimentação. Deste modo, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar e avaliar a tratativa do conceito de soberania alimentar e suas implicações no âmbito da gestão do programa de alimentação escolar do município de Piracicaba-PNAE (SP), analisar a existência (ou não) de articulação entre o programa de alimentação escolar do município e o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) e identificar e analisar as deliberações do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) face ao conceito de soberania alimentar. Para isso, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa. Com base nas metodologias desenvolvidas, foi possível verificar que o conceito de soberania alimentar é pouca explorado e inserido no PNAE, ainda que seja encontrado nas falas dos gestores e alguns documentos relacionados ao programa. Um grande desafio para a efetiva incorporação da soberania alimentar no PNAE é a diversidade de atores e setores que envolvem a sua gestão. Quanto ao PRONAF e o CAE pode-se concluir que para o CAE, visa-se a necessidade de projetos contínuos e mais atrelados às necessidades de gestão e operacionalização do PNAE e no que tange ao PRONAF observou-se que para aumento da parceria entre o PNAE e os agricultores familiares, constatou-se a necessidade de se realizar ajustes nas leis do PRONAF, que aproxime e promova as parcerias entre as duas políticas e consequentemente beneficie os beneficiários.<br>The concept of food sovereignty came after other concepts about food issues. One is the concept of food security which have brought to be an essential criterion for a dignified and proper nutrition after World War II. However, still not talked so much the influence of freedom and agricultural production models, which became part of the agenda of global discussions on food, mainly from the 1990s, during which from numerous discussions and proposals of social movements, the concept of food sovereignty was created. The concept looked on the fact that all individuals, communities, peoples and countries have the right to set their own policies on agriculture, labor, food and land. Thus, the concept of food sovereignty has drawn attention to issues other than food quality and for this reason the concept won and still gaining great connotations in the summits of global discussions about food. Thus, this study aimed to analyze and evaluate the dealings of the concept of food sovereignty and its implications in the management of the school feeding program in the city of Piracicaba-PNAE (SP), analyze the existence (or not) of articulation between the school feeding program of the municipality and the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) and identify and analyze the decisions of the School Feeding Council (CAE) to the concept of food sovereignty. For this, were realized literature searches, document analysis and semi-structured interviews to achieve the research objectives. Based on the methodologies developed, it found that the concept of food sovereignty is little explored and inserted in PNAE, although it is found in the statements of managers and some documents related to the program. The biggest challenge for the effective incorporation of food sovereignty in the PNAE is the diversity of actors and sectors involving management. As for the PRONAF and CAE can be concluded that for CAE, the objective is the need for continuous projects and more linked to the needs of management and operation of PNAE and in relation to PRONAF was observed that to increase the partnership between PNAE and family farmers, there was the need to make adjustments in the laws of PRONAF, that approach and promote partnerships between the two policies and consequently benefit the beneficiaries.
25
Costa, Liliam Magda Campos. "O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) na perspectiva dos usuários: um estudo de caso." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16757.
Texte intégralRésumé :
COSTA, Liliam Magda Campos, O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) na perspectiva dos usuários: um estudo de caso. 2004. 109 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2004.<br>Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-05-12T17:57:30Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2004_dis_lmccosta.pdf: 688466 bytes, checksum: 2a53efc711ed783b11922e3a59fcc9cc (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-05-12T17:58:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
2004_dis_lmccosta.pdf: 688466 bytes, checksum: 2a53efc711ed783b11922e3a59fcc9cc (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T17:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2004_dis_lmccosta.pdf: 688466 bytes, checksum: 2a53efc711ed783b11922e3a59fcc9cc (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2004<br>The School Feeding National Program (PNAE) aims to contribute to overcome the low school revenue and in the reduction of the school escape. In spite of the social politics of school feeding not to seek to eliminate the child malnutrition in Brazil, just looking for to supply 15% of the children's needs daily, it is important for the fact of representing access to necessary foods to the growth and the learning for the scholars, as well as for supplying the possibility of the ransom of customs and local customs, important in the ethnic identity of the population. Besides, the resources destined to the purchase of the school snack can represent for the community a possibility of maintainable development, because the administration of the resources of a participant form can take to the construction of a new rationality in the exploration of the local natural resources. The main motivation of this work is to contribute for the discussions of the public politics in the reduction of the poverty and to understand the inter relationships among the offer of a compensatory politics and the impact s generated for the population plaintiff. It is looked for through a case study, where the geograp hical space is the municipal district of Tauá- CE, to determine the efficiency, effectiveness and effectiveness of a re-distribution program through the descriptive analysis of the PNAE users perspective. It is a subsequent evaluation, that if using of bibliographical and documental research , of the application of questionnaires to the school community, of interviews to the nutritionist and representatives of the institutions of local fomentation and of tabulation for the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), it evidences that the problems of infrastructure of the transports and highways of the municipal district and the absence of equipments in the schools represent the main impediments within reach of the effectiveness of the Program and that the loss of the purchase power of the R$ 0,13 per capita/day allied to the accomplishment of the equality of the population-objective made of a centralized form, commits its efficiency. Finally, it explicits the absence of the use of indicators for the measuration of its effectiveness by the managers of the program and the school community's ignorance in relation to its administration.<br>O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) tem dentre seus objetivos contribuir para a superação do baixo rendimento e na redução da evasão escolar. Apesar da política social de alimentação escolar não visar eliminar a desnutrição infantil no Brasil, buscando apenas suprir 15% das necessidades nutricionais diárias das crianças, é relevante pelo fato de representar acesso à alimentos necessários ao crescimento e ao aprendizado pelos escolares, como também por fornecer a possibilidade do resgate de hábitos e costumes locais, importantes na identidade étnica da população. Além disso, os recursos destinados à compra da merenda escolar podem representar para a comunidade uma possibilidade de desenvolvimento sustentável, pois a gestão dos recursos de forma participativa pode levar à construção de uma nova racionalidade na exploração dos recursos naturais locais. A principal motivação deste trabalho é contribuir para as discussões das políticas públicas na redução da pobreza e compreender as inter relações entre a oferta de uma política compensatória e os impactos gerados para a população demandante. Busca-se através de um estudo de caso, onde o espaço geográfico é o município de Tauá-CE, determinar a eficiência, eficácia e efetividade de um programa de caráter redistributivo através da análise descritiva da perspectiva dos usuários em relação ao PNAE. Trata-se de uma avaliação ex post, que se utilizando da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, da aplicação de questionários à comunidade escolar, de entrevistas à nutricionista e representantes das instituições de fomento local e de tabulação pelo programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) evidencia que os problemas de infra-estrutura dos transportes e estradas do município e a ausência de equipamentos nas escolas representam os principais entraves ao alcance da eficácia do Programa e que a perda do poder de compra dos R$ 0,13 per capita/dia aliado à homogeneização da população-objetivo realizada de forma centralizada, compromete sua eficiência. Enfim, explicita a ausência da utilização de indicadores para a mensuração da efetividade pelos gestores do programa e o desconhecimento da comunidade escolar em relação à sua gestão e operacionalização.
26
Machado, Florentina Oliveira [UNIFESP]. "Controle social no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: desafios da democratização." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9269.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-11-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
Publico-12611a.pdf: 928949 bytes, checksum: 00965abf4ad372dcafed0ace78795178 (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 2
Publico-12611a.pdf: 928949 bytes, checksum: 00965abf4ad372dcafed0ace78795178 (MD5)
Publico-12611b.pdf: 1944559 bytes, checksum: 7d8fd6ec9eb239611815437d58355862 (MD5)<br>O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o controle social no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE, exercido pelo Conselho de Alimentação Escolar - CAE, na perspectiva da cidadania ativa. Controle social institucionalizado é a participação de representantes de segmentos da sociedade civil organizada, em Conselhos populares, no controle social dos serviços e das políticas públicas. Esse estudo buscou investigar o desafio do exercício da participação popular no âmbito do controle social autônomo, na perspectiva da cidadania ativa associada à emancipação. Adotando uma abordagem quali-quanti foram selecionados para investigação em caráter exploratório, Conselhos que atuam no controle da política de alimentação escolar em modelos de gestão centralizada, descentralizada e semicentralizada. Os procedimentos metodológicos se desdobraram em dois eixos - o primeiro tratou do controle social no plano legal, utilizando-se da análise de artigos de leis e normas reguladoras do modelo: Constituição Federal (1988), Plano Diretor de Reforma do Aparelho de Estado (1995), Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (1996), Plano Nacional de Educação (2001), Normas regulamentadoras específicas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: Lei 11.947 (2009) e Resolução nº 038 (2009). O segundo eixo buscou investigar o controle social no plano institucional, combinando análise documental com investigação dos conselhos na prática do controle social. Para tal, foram aplicados questionários junto aos conselheiros e realizadas entrevista com os Gestores. Os dados foram registrados em quadros e planilhas do sistema EXCCEL, utilizando-se para tratamento dos dados qualitativos o recurso da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que, no plano formal, o modelo atende aos princípios da cidadania ativa, mas apresenta inconsistência na sua estruturação, delineando atribuições de controle social focadas na função fiscal. Revela ainda, que o modelo estabelece uma relação de dependência, conselheiro-gestor, que favorece o atrelamento dos Conselhos ao Poder local, delimitando o espectro de autonomia dos conselheiros. Os resultados sugerem alteração na estruturação do modelo e elaboração de um Programa de orientação envolvendo a educação permanente para Conselheiros.<br>This study aims to characterize the social control in the National Program of School Feeding - NPSF, exercised by the Board of School Food - BSF, in a perspective of active citizenship. Institutionalized Social Control is the participation of representatives from segments of the organized civil society, in the popular councils, in the social control of services and public policies. The study tried to investigate the challenge of the exercise of popular participation into the autonomous social control, from the perspective of active citizenship related to the emancipation. Adopting a quali-quanti approach, Councils were selected to investigation in an explanatory character, that operate in the control of the policy of school feeding in centralized, decentralized and semi-centralized management models. Methodological procedures were deployed on two axes - the first one approaches the social control in the legal area, using articles of laws and regulatory norms of the model: Federal Constitution, 1988, Law of Directives and Bases of Education, 1996, Master Plan for Reforming the State Apparatus, 1995, National Education Plan, 2001, Specific Regulatory Standards of the National School Feeding Program: Law No. 11947, 2009 and Resolution No. 038, 2009; the second axe tried to investigate social control in the institutional area, combining documental analysis with the investigation of councils in the practice of social control. Therefore, questionnaires were applied to counselors and interviews were realized with the managers. The data were recorded in tables and spreadsheets EXCEL system, using the resources of content analysis for the analysis of qualitative data. The results suggest that, in the formal area, the model meets the active citizenship principles, but the results also show inconsistency in the structure, outlining attributions of social control focused on fiscal function. The model establishes a relationship of dependency counselorsmanagers, which promotes the bundling of Councils to the Local Authority, delimiting the spectrum of the autonomy of the counselors. The results suggest changes in model structure and the elaboration of an Orientation Program involving the permanent education for council members.<br>TEDE<br>BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
27
Assáo, Tatiana Yuri. "Alimentação escolar: percepções dos atores sociais de escolas de um município da região metropolina de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-16052012-114342/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar é um dos mais antigos programas na área da alimentação, visa atender parcialmente as necessidades nutricionais dos alunos, contribuindo para o seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, e promover a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Objetivo: Analisar as percepções atribuídas por atores da comunidade escolar à alimentação escolar. Métodos: O estudo do tipo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa foi desenvolvido em escolas públicas do ensino fundamental do município de Guarulhos, São Paulo. Dentre as 63 escolas ativas em 2007, a partir da combinação de indicadores de condições socioeconômica da região, processo produtivo local e tamanho das escolas, selecionou-se uma amostra de 13 instituições. Para coleta de dados com as crianças utilizou-se a técnica do desenho. Enquanto com as merendeiras e profissionais do núcleo pedagógico aplicou-se o grupo focal, e para a equipe técnica a entrevista em grupo. As informações foram tratadas de acordo com a análise de conteúdo e discutidas com referencial teórico sobre o tema. Resultados e Discussão: Participaram do estudo 82 crianças, 22 merendeiras, 9 profissionais do núcleo pedagógico e 4 da equipe técnica. Foram identificadas percepções da alimentação escolar alicerçadas em três aspectos: do alimento, do ambiente e das relações sociais. As percepções dos atores eram concebidas de acordo com o núcleo de trabalho a que pertenciam, influenciadas pelas atribuições e funções desempenhadas pelo grupo no âmbito escolar. Apesar das diretrizes do programa apresentarem-se bem definidas, para esses grupos, na prática, demonstraramse segmentadas. Considerações Finais: Algumas questões identificadas deixaram claras as potencialidades que o programa tem para atender os objetivos propostos, no entanto, outras apontam entraves que dificultam reconhecê-lo como um programa de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Para que essas potencialidades sejam desenvolvidas e os entraves superados, um dos desafios, entre outros, é possibilitar ações de integração, de compartilhamento real do entendimento acerca da alimentação escolar, considerando os diferentes atores que permeiam esse momento, de forma a reconhecer estas dimensões conjuntamente<br>Introduction: The National Program of School Feeding is one of the oldest programs in the food area, and seeks to partially fulfill the students\' nutritional needs, contributing to its growth and development, and to promote the formation of healthy food habits. Objective: Analyze the perceptions attributed by players from the school community to school feeding. Methods: The study of descriptive type with a qualitative approach was developed in public elementary schools in the city of Guarulhos, São Paulo. Among the 63 active schools in 2007, from a combination of indicators of the region\'s socioeconomic conditions, local productive process and size of the schools, a sample of 13 institutions was selected. For data collection with the children the drawing technique was used. While with the school meal cooks and the pedagogical core the focus group was applied, and for the technical team a group interview. The information was treated according to a content analysis and discussed with theoretical referential about the matter. Results and Discussion: Eighty-two children, 22 school meal cooks, 9 pedagogical core professionals and 4 from the technical team participated in the study. School feeding perception were identified based on three aspects: the food, the environment and the social relationships. The players\' perceptions were conceived according to the work core they belonged to, influenced by the attributions and functions performed by the group in the school environment. Despite the program\'s guidelines being well defined, for these groups, in practice, they show to be segmented. Final Considerations: Some matters identified made clear the potentialities that the program has to fulfill the objectives proposed, other point out barriers that make it hard to acknowledge it as a Nutritional and Food Security program. For these potentialities to be developed and the barriers overcome, one of the challenges, among others, is to make integration actions possible, of real sharing of knowledge about school meals, considering the different players that permeate this moment, in a manner to acknowledge these dimensions as a whole
28
Benko, de Uru Potira Morena Souza [UNIFESP]. "Denúncias como indicativo para a melhoria do Programa Nacional deAlimentação Escolar." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9300.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-11-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
Publico-12681a.pdf: 1321581 bytes, checksum: 85bbbf686d62af12b61dc5d7adb5690e (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 2
Publico-12681a.pdf: 1321581 bytes, checksum: 85bbbf686d62af12b61dc5d7adb5690e (MD5)
Publico-12681b.pdf: 1614881 bytes, checksum: 1cca2373c4ad763f74a3ae45292b5727 (MD5)<br>A construcao do social tem inicio na familia e sua ampliacao se realiza no decorrer do processo educacional. Falar do social e falar de cidadania, de direitos e deveres que sao postos e vivenciados a cada dia. Nesse processo de construcao do social e preciso se alimentar para viver, mas nao qualquer alimento. E sim uma alimentacao promotora de saude. Nada mais completo entao do que trabalhar a promocao da saude no ambito educacional. Para isso o Brasil tem um Programa com mais de 55 anos: Programa Nacional de Alimentacao Escolar (PNAE), com uma trajetoria historica cuja participacao social tem permitido que a alimentacao adequada seja praticada como direito da populacao e tambem na ampla vertente educacional que o Programa proporciona. O PNAE, para ser executado, conta com a participacao social de acompanhantes e fiscalizadores do Programa. E, uma das formas que a sociedade tem para sinalizar a execucao do PNAE sao as denuncias que chegam de todo o pais trazendo informacoes que nao foram estudadas a fundo. Considerando esse cenario, as denuncias foram tomadas como objeto desta pesquisa. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal investigar as denuncias produzidas no escopo do PNAE e recebidas pelo FNDE (Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educacao), no ano de 2008. Este estudo foi desenvolvido tendo por base os documentos relativos ao ano de 2008, identificados como ¡°Denuncias ao Programa Nacional de Alimentacao Escolar¡±. Fizeram parte desse corpus cartas, emails, oficios, relatorios remetidos ao FNDE por cidadaos, profissionais em geral, conselhos, sindicatos e demais atores sociais. Adotou-se uma abordagem que permitiu quantificacao, bem como analise qualitativa com o objetivo de dar significado as dificuldades de atendimentos a populacao escolar no que se refere a alimentacao, embora o PNAE disponha de mecanismos de monitoramento. A analise quantitativa foi apresentada por frequencias e porcentagens e a analise qualitativa foi evidenciada a partir dos documentos das denuncias que chegam ao PNAE, por meio de analise de conteudo, segundo a modalidade tematica. O Brasil, na voz dos cidadaos, reclama de problemas na alimentacao escolar na seguinte ordem: Gestao, Alimentacao, Nutricionista, Conselho de Alimentacao do Escolar (CAE) e Instalacoes. A gestao inadequada reflete diretamente a falta e/ou a baixa qualidade da alimentacao escolar. Os resultados por regiao mostram que a maior frequencia de denuncias se refere a Regiao Nordeste, seguida pelas regioes Sudeste, Norte, Centro-Oeste e Sul. Outro ponto que fica claro e que atores como nutricionistas e CAE.s precisam ser mais amparados em termos de formacao/capacitacao, bem como nas suas estruturas de condicoes de trabalho. Um trabalho como este reflete o crescimento que a participacao social vem alcancando no Pais, a ponto de se ter um retrato Brasil na otica do detentor de direito do PNAE. E a sociedade representada como cidadaos denunciantes dos problemas vivenciados na execucao do PNAE. Fica claro que, se a educacao for colocada de maneira permanente/ continuada com todos os atores do PNAE, a administracao publica vai ganhar com parceiros atuantes no exercicio da cidadania. A gestao publica tem agora disponivel, tanto por Regioes como por Estados, informacoes acerca do olhar do usuario do PNAE oferecendo subsidios para acoes futuras, uma vez que, apos ter conhecimento da realidade denunciada, fica mais claro o caminho a seguir.<br>The construction
of social
well
-
being begins in the family an
d expa
nds through
the educational process.
When we talk about
social
well
-
being, we are
talking about
citizenship,
about the
rights
and duties that are
experienced every day.
In this
process of social well
-
being
creation, it is necessary to eat
, but not
just any food
–
health
-
promoting food.
Thus, there is nothing more basic
than working
for
health
promotion in the educational context. Brazil has
had
a
program to accomplish this for
more than 55 years: the Nationa
l School Food Programme (PNAE). Over its history,
social participation has guaranteed the right to a proper diet to the
population at large
as
well
as
providing
a
wide
-
ranging
education
program
.
To achieve its goals, the PNAE relies on social participat
ion in the schools as
a way of monitoring the program
. And one of the
ways society participates in the
running of PNAE is through complaints from around the country. These complaints
provide information which
has
heretofore
not been thoroughly studied.
T
he
se
complaints were
thus
taken as the object of this research.
This study aims to
investigate allegations arising within the scope of PNAE received by the FNDE
(National
Fund
for
Education
Development)
in
2008.
This study was based on documents relating to
2008, identified as
"Complaint
s to the National School Food
Program.
" L
etters, e
-
mails, reports
submitted to the FNDE by citizens, members of professions
in general, councils,
unions and other social actors
were part of the corpus
. We adopted an approach
that
allowed
both
quantification and qualitative
analysis in order to give meaning to the
difficulties involved in providing food service
to the school po
pulation, although
PNAE
has monitoring
mechanisms. The quantitative analysis was presented as frequenc
ies
and percentages and
the
qualitati
ve analysis, which was based on the complaint
documents
arriving
at
PNAE,
used
thematic
content
ana
lysis
.
Brazil
ian citizens complain about school food problems
in the following order
:
management, f
ood,
the nutritionis
t, school food councils (CAEs) and f
acilities. Poor
management
is directly reflected in
the absence and / or the poor quality of school
meals. Results by region show that the highest
frequency of complaints came from
the Northeast, followed by
the Southeas
t, North, Center
-
W
est and South
. It
is
also
clear that actors such as nutritionists and CAEs need more support in terms of
ttraining/education, as well as in the structure of their
working conditions.
A study
lik
e this one reflects the growth of social
participation in
the
country, to
the point of being a portrait of Brazil from the point of view of the PNAE stakeholder.
S
ociety
is
re
presented by citizens pointing out the problems involved in carrying out
PNAE. Clearly, if the permanent/ continuing educ
ation of
all
PNAE
stakeholders
is
emphasized, the public administration will gain active
partners in the exercise of
citizenship.
P
ublic managers now have
i
nformation from both the regional and state levels
about the user's view of
PNAE
. This ca
n provide
support
for future actions, since an
awareness of the situation being complained about makes the way forward clearer
.<br>TEDE<br>BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
29
Almeida, Maria Wilma Lima de [UNIFESP]. "Capacitação dos Conselhos do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: um estudo exploratório." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9159.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-05-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
Publico-12773.pdf: 1667093 bytes, checksum: efc5f27b2ce8d79ff9af719de8fe7cb2 (MD5)<br>Este trabalho analisa o processo de capacitação dos Conselhos do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE. O controle social constitui o marco orientador das ações dos conselheiros da alimentação escolar - CAE, sendo entendido como a atuação de grupos sociais no controle da execução das ações governamentais e da administração dos gestores públicos. O controle social envolve uma ampla discussão da relação entre estado e sociedade civil, uma vez que este exerce um papel importante na avaliação de serviços oferecidos e na demanda contínua do acompanhamento pelos atores envolvidos. Esta pesquisa busca descrever o processo de capacitação do conselheiro do PNAE, tendo em vista o cumprimento da legislação por parte do FNDE, no fortalecimento e qualificação das atuações que envolvem o controle social no PNAE. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem: revisão de literatura e análise documental. O principal material de análise é o questionário de avaliação, aplicado nas capacitações realizadas no 2° semestre de 2009, além das legislações federais referentes ao controle social e planos das capacitações do PNAE/FNDE. Os resultados revelam que ainda existe uma complexidade no processo de capacitação do conselheiro, quanto a formação multiplicadora das mudanças na construção do saber e na atuação do controle social nas políticas públicas. Ao identificar dificuldades no processo de formação dos conselhos, se reconhece que não existe uma única abordagem de capacitação dos conselheiros, pois são inerentes a diversidade cultural, social e regional desses agentes. Logo não há fórmula mágica e simples para trabalhar como conselheiro entre gestão pública e gestor.<br>This work focuses on the training process of the Councils of National School Feeding Program - PNAE. Social control is the guiding framework of the actions of School Food’s Counselors – CAE, it being understood as an acting of social groups in control of the execution of execution of government and administration actions of public managers. Social control involves a comprehensive discussion of analogy between State and society, because it exerts an important role in evaluation of offered services, and it seeks a continuous monitoring by involved players. This research investigates the training process of PNAE’s counselor, having in mind the legislation fulfillment by FNDE, strengthening and qualification of actions that involve the social control in PNAE. The methodological procedures include: Literature Review and Documentary Analysis. The main material for analysis is evaluation questionnaire, applied in the training that was carried out in second half of 2009, beyond federal laws relating to social control; and PNAE/FNDE’s training plans. The results show that it has a complexity of the counselors’ training process in multiplier development of changes in the construction of knowledge and the role of social control in public policy. By identifying these difficulties in the formation of councils, it is recognized that no single approach for counselor training, since they are inherent cultural, social and regional development of these agents. Therefore, there is no magic formula and simple to work as a counselor and manager of public management.<br>TEDE<br>BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
30
Bittencourt, Jaqueline Marcela Villafuerte. "Uma análise comparada das políticas de alimentação escolar na Bolívia, no Brasil e no Chile." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/33672.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Os programas de alimentação escolar na América Latina são políticas sociais públicas cujos objetivos e benefícios são múltiplos. Essas ações foram adquirindo o formato intersetorial na medida em que atendem às preocupações com saúde, educação, bem–estar social e desenvolvimento econômico. Como políticas educacionais, tornaram–se visíveis instrumentos de garantia de equidade e oportunidades para os estudantes. Eles são avaliados como um certeiro modo de ampliar o espectro educacional, ao mesmo tempo em que colaboram com a saúde. Seja sustentando formas de prevenção de doenças ligadas à alimentação, como se verifica nos países desenvolvidos, ou como um suplemento de carências alimentares, modo como é visto nos países em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho de análise de política utilizou o método comparado e levantou semelhanças e diferenças entre a Bolívia, o Brasil e o Chile na formulação e implementação das suas políticas de alimentação escolar. Foram identificadas variáveis comparativas de corte qualitativo, empregadas na abordagem dos contextos histórico, econômico, social, cultural e político. Desse modo, o objetivo da tese é realizar um estudo comparado das políticas de alimentação escolar na Bolívia, no Brasil e no Chile, analisando contextos, referenciais, objetivos, estratégias e resultados obtidos no marco de mudanças paradigmáticas estabelecidas desde a sua idealização até os nossos dias. O primeiro momento paradigmático é aquele do incentivo, impulso e indução dos programas de alimentação pelos organismos internacionais, na metade do século XX. Esse momento foi denominado de germinação, no sentido botânico de brotar das sementes, de nascer, ou seja, do surgimento ou não das políticas. O segundo momento foi situado em torno do ano 2000, com a vigência das Metas para o Desenvolvimento do Milênio. Nesse momento, utiliza-se os frutos dos programas implementados e suas experiências servem de base para um novo momento de semear. Nesse movimento identificamos a diferença entre políticas para a luta contra a fome e, na sua evolução, políticas voltadas para alimentação.<br>Latin American school feeding programs are public social policies with multiple goals and benefits. These actions have taken on a varied scope as they address concerns related to health, education, social welfare and economic development. As education policies they have become visible instruments that guarantee equality and opportunities for students. They are deemed a surefire way for expanding the educational spectrum, at the same time they bring health benefits. Whether by supporting ways to prevent food–related diseases, as seen in developed countries, or as a supplement for nutritional needs, as it is seen in developing countries. Our analysis of the policies used the comparative method and looked at the similarities and differences between Bolivia, Brazil and Chile in terms of how these countries design and implement their school meal programs. We identified comparative variables of a qualitative nature, and employed them to approach the historic, economic, social, cultural and political backdrops. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to comparatively study school meal programs in Bolivia, Brazil and Chile, and analyze contexts, references, goals, strategies and the results obtained at the mark of paradigm shifts taking place from the time they were created up to the present time. The first paradigmatic point is that when meal programs were encouraged, boosted and instated by international agencies in the mid 20th century. That time was called germination, in the botanical sense of seeds sprouting, budding, that is, when policies were created or not. The second point was situated around the year 2000, as the Millennium Development Goals were set. Back then the results of the programs implemented were used, and their experiences served as the basis for a new time to sow. In that shift we have identified the difference between policies that fight hunger and, as they progress, policies oriented toward nutrition.<br>Los programas de alimentación escolar en América Latina son políticas sociales públicas cuyos objetivos y beneficios son múltiples. Estas acciones fueron adquiriendo el formato intersectorial en la medida en que atienden a las preocupaciones con salud, educación, bienestar social y desarrollo económico. Cómo políticas educacionales se convirtieron en visibles instrumentos de garantía de equidad y de oportunidades para los alumnos. Ellos son evaluados como acertados colaboradores de la expansión educacional, al mismo tiempo, colaboran con la salud. Tanto como un modo de prevenir las enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación, modo como se ve en los países desarrollados, tanto como complemento a la escasez de alimentos, modo como se ve en los países en desarrollo. Este trabajo de análisis de política utilizó el método comparado y levantó semejanzas y diferencias entre Bolivia, Brasil y Chile en la formulación e implementación de sus políticas de alimentación escolar. Fueron identificadas variables comparativas de corte cualitativo, empleando un abordaje de los contextos históricos, económicos, sociales, culturales y políticos. De este modo, el objetivo de esta tesis es realizar un estudio comparativo de las políticas de alimentación escolar en Bolivia, Brasil y Chile, analizando contextos, referenciales, objetivos, estrategias y resultados obtenidos en el marco de transformaciones paradigmáticas establecidas desde su idealización hasta nuestros días. El primer momento paradigmático es aquel del incentivo, impulso e inducción de los programas de alimentación de parte de los organismos internacionales, en la mitad del siglo XX. Este momento fue denominado de germinación, en el sentido botánico de brotar de las semillas, nacer, es decir, del surgimiento o no de las políticas. El segundo momento fue situado alrededor del año 2000, con la vigencia de las Metas de Desarrollo del Milenio. En este momento se utilizan los frutos de los programas implementados y sus experiencias sirven de base para un nuevo tiempo de siembra. En este movimiento identificamos la diferencia entre las políticas de lucha contra el hambre y, en su evolución las políticas dirigidas para la alimentación.
31
Matias, Cristiane Tavares. "Dificuldades e obstáculos à Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional de estudantes com necessidades alimentares especiais: um estudo de caso da rede de ensino municipal de Guarulhos, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-04022019-180208/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar - PNAE é um dos mais antigos programas públicos de suplementação alimentar, destacando-se por sua continuidade, dimensão e expressivos investimentos. Visa a segurança alimentar e nutricional de todos os estudantes matriculados na educação básica, contribuindo para a melhora das condições nutricionais e de saúde, com consequente aumento no aproveitamento e rendimento escolar. Com destaque à equidade, um de seus princípios, por meio da Lei Federal nº 12.982/2014, tornou-se obrigatório o fornecimento de cardápio adequado aos estudantes com necessidades alimentares especiais (NAE), ou seja, aqueles que necessitam de atenção nutricional individualizada por sua condição ou estado de saúde. Em Guarulhos, com uma demanda iniciada no ano de 2012, o atendimento nutricional ao estudante com NAE corresponde a uma série de ações realizadas em âmbito escolar e institucional. Isto posto, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as dificuldades e os obstáculos do atendimento nutricional aos estudantes com necessidades alimentares especiais em Guarulhos, ante a determinação legal de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, para fornecer subsídios ao aprimoramento do serviço. Foi um estudo transversal, quantitativo, do tipo exploratório, descritivo e explicativo, constituído de 4 etapas: estudo da prevalência das NAE no período de 2015 a 2017; caracterização socioeconômica das famílias dos estudantes com NAE; análise do atendimento nutricional e do diferencial de custos dos cardápios especiais. Foram atendidos 554 estudantes em 2015, 735 em 2016 e 871 em 2017, com prevalência de estudantes do sexo masculino e EMEI (4 a 6 anos). Quanto às doenças, observou-se prevalência de alergias alimentares (especialmente à proteína do leite de vaca), dislipidemia e intolerância à lactose. Não foram identificadas diferenças estatísticas significativas no que tange estratos socioeconômicos, escolaridade, sexo do chefe de família, moradia e tamanho da família entre os grupos com e sem NAE. Na observação de 128 estudantes, durante a realização das refeições, constatou-se que 20,3% deles receberam cardápio inadequado ante às recomendações do nutricionista da Secretaria de Educação, principalmente em relação a dislipidemias e alergias. Verificou-se falhas na consulta nutricional institucional relacionadas à falta de clareza, objetividade e dados incompletos nos formulários de atendimento nutricional. A inadequação de cardápios estava relacionada à indisponibilidade de alimentos, dificuldades de execução das preparações por parte dos cozinheiros e desatenção ou desconhecimento quanto à necessidade alimentar específica. Foram constatadas dificuldades quanto à aceitação de alguns gêneros alimentícios e na identificação e acompanhamento diário dos estudantes com NAE. Foi observado armazenamento inadequado em 13,3% das escolas, sem comprometimento da qualidade sensorial dos alimentos. A análise da variação de custo de gêneros alimentícios especiais aponta maior custo nos cardápios direcionados aos estudantes com restrições ao leite de vaca, seguido por doença celíaca, diabetes, dislipidemia/obesidade e alergia a ovo. O processo de compras mostrou-se complexo, com dificuldades orçamentárias e burocráticas relacionadas a licitações, a pequena quantidade que precisa ser comprada, ao pouco interesse dos fornecedores e à falta de concorrência em alguns produtos especiais. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que o atendimento nutricional necessita de formação continuada envolvendo toda a equipe escolar, e do compartilhamento de responsabilidades.<br>The National School Feeding Program - PNAE is one of the oldest public programs of food supplementation, standing out for its continuity, size, and significant investments. It aims at food and nutritional security of all students enrolled in basic education, contributing to the improvement of nutritional and health conditions, with a consequent increase in achievement and school performance. With the emphasis on equity, one of its principles, through Law nº 12,982/2014, it became mandatory to provide an adequate menu for students with special dietary needs, that is, those that require individualized nutritional care by their condition or state of health. In Guarulhos, with a lawsuit initiated in 2012, nutritional care for the student with special dietary needs corresponds to a series of actions carried out at school and institutional level. The aim of this study was to analyze the difficulties and obstacles of nutritional care for schoolchildren with special nutritional needs in Guarulhos, before the legal determination of food and nutritional security, to provide subsidies for the improvement of the service. It was a cross-sectional, quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and explanatory study, consisting of 4 steps: a study of the prevalence of special dietary needs in the period from 2015 to 2017; socioeconomic characterization of students\' families with special dietary needs; analysis of the nutritional service and the differential of costs of the special menus. 554 students were attended in 2015, 735 in 2016 and 871 in 2017, with the prevalence of male students and EMEI (4 to 6 years). As for diseases, the prevalence of food allergies (especially cow\'s milk protein), dyslipidemia and lactose intolerance were observed. No statistically significant differences were found in socioeconomic strata, schooling, head of household sex, family size and size among the groups with and without special dietary needs. When observing 128 students, during meals, it was verified that 20.3% of them received an inadequate menu before the recommendations of the nutritionist of the Education Department, mainly in relation to dyslipidemias and allergies. Failures in institutional nutritional consultation related to lack of clarity, objectivity and incomplete data on nutritional care forms. The inadequacy of menus was related to the unavailability of food, difficulties in the execution of the preparations by the cooks and inattention or lack of knowledge about the specific food need. Difficulties were observed regarding the acceptance of some foodstuffs and the identification and daily follow-up of students with special dietary needs. Inadequate storage was observed in 13.3% of the schools, without compromising the sensorial quality of food. The analysis of the variation of the cost of special foodstuffs points higher cost in the menus directed to the students with restrictions to the cow\'s milk, followed by celiac disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia/obesity and egg allergy. The procurement process was complex, with budgetary and bureaucratic difficulties related to bids, the small quantity that needs to be bought, the lack of interest of suppliers and the lack of competition in some special products. In addition, it was verified that nutritional care requires continuous training involving all school staff, making it possible to share responsibilities.
32
Carmo, Ana Paula Cantarino Frasão do. "Fatores associados à venda da Agricultura Familiar para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar nos municípios do estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-15092017-154756/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introdução: A agricultura familiar (AF) e o PNAE após um processo de evolução política se vincularam em 2009 por meio da Lei n°11.947. O agricultor familiar a partir desse momento passou a dispor de um importante mercado institucional. Entretanto, esse ator apresenta dificuldades em atender à demanda do PNAE. Objetivo: Caracterizar a venda da AF para o PNAE e analisar os fatores associados à compra da AF para o PNAE nos municípios do estado de São Paulo em 2012. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo transversal, envolvendo métodos de análise quantitativa. Os dados analisados foram coletados da pesquisa \"O encontro entre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e a agricultura familiar: avaliação do processo de implementação e dos possíveis efeitos das compras locais, segundo a Lei n°11.947/2009\", a qual avaliou 38 municípios do Estado de São Paulo. Foram coletados dados de 110 agricultores que venderam para o PNAE. Os eixos de variáveis dos agricultores estudadas foram: características socioeconômicas dos municípios, características do agricultor, apoio institucional e característica da venda. O PIB, IFDHM, presença de PAA no município e o apoio técnico e institucional oferecidos aos Agricultores Familiares dos 38 municípios estudados foram elencados em modelo hierárquico com o intuito de identificar os fatores associados à compra da AF para o PNAE. A compra da AF para o PNAE foi a variável desfecho do estudo. A descrição e caracterização foram calculadas por meio de medidas de tendência central e dispersão e frequências absolutas e relativas. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para verificar diferenças entre a comercialização antes e depois da Lei n° 11.947/09. Foi feita uma regressão simples bivariada com o intuito de verificar o incremento no percentual da compra da AF para o PNAE entre 2011 e 2015. E foi utilizada a análise de regressão logística múltipla para analisar os fatores associados à compra da AF para o PNAE. Resultados: Os 16 municípios dos AFs apresentaram IDHM alto (87%); os alimentos produzidos pelos agricultores eram em sua quase totalidade in natura; os agricultores depois da Lei n°11.947/2009 aumentaram suas vendas para os mercados institucionais; a média no percentual da compra da agricultura familiar nos 16 municípios estudados subiu de 25,3% para 36,3% entre os anos de 2011 a 2015. Com relação aos fatores associados à compra da AF para o PNAE o apoio da prefeitura aos AFs do município e o levantamento da produção agrícola junto aos AFs do município feito pela nutricionista se associaram com a compra da agricultura familiar para o PNAE. Conclusão: O apoio técnico da nutricionista e o apoio institucional da prefeitura oferecidos aos Agricultores Familiares são fatores importantes associados à compra da AF para o PNAE.<br>Introduction: The Family Farming and The Brazilian School Feeding Program (PNAE) after a process of political evolution were associated in 2009 by Brazilian act 11.947/2009. Since that time, the family farmer has an important institutional market available. However, this actor has difficulties to achieve the market demand. Objective: To analyze the factors associated to the sale of Family Farming to the PNAE in the cities of the state of São Paulo in 2012. Methodology: The study is transverse, using quantitative analysis methods. The analyzed data were collected from the study \"The meeting of the National School Feeding Program and Family Farming: evaluation of the implementation process and the possible effects of local purchases, according to the act 11.947/2009\", which evaluated 38 cities in the São Paulo state. Data were collected from 110 family farmers who sold to the PNAE. The main variables studied were: cities socioeconomic characteristics, farmer characteristics, institutional support and sale characteristics. The highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP), High Human Development Index (HDI), previous experience with the Family Agriculture Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and technical and institutional support to family farmers of 38 municipalities studied were listed in a hierarchical model in order to identify the associated factors. The purchase of AF for PNAE was the variable outcome of the study. The description and characterization were calculated through measures of central tendency and dispersion and absolute and relative frequencies. McNemar´s test was used to verify differences between sales before and after the act 11.947/09. A simple bivariate linear regression was performed in order to verify the increase in the percentage of the FF purchases for the PNAE between 2011 and 2015. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated to the FF purchase to PNAE. Results: The studied cities had high Human Development Index (HDI) (87%); the produced food by family farmers was almost entirely in natura; the family farmers after the act 11.947/09 increased their sales to the institutional markets; the average percentage of FF purchases in the 16 studies cities increased from 25.3% to 36.3% between 2011 and 2015. Regarding the factors associated with the purchase of family farming for PNAE, the support of the municipality offered to the family farmers and the survey of the agricultural production made by the nutritionist were associated with the outcome. Conclusion: The technical support of the nutritionist and the institutional support of the cities to family farmers are important factors associated with the local purchases.
33
Rudakoff, Lívia Carolina Sobrinho. "O ambiente alimentar da rede municipal de educação de São Luís-MA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1720.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-07-03T17:48:43Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
LiviaRudakoff.pdf: 7973238 bytes, checksum: 8d0a23b2d605ce777dab04064f7226bc (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-03T17:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
LiviaRudakoff.pdf: 7973238 bytes, checksum: 8d0a23b2d605ce777dab04064f7226bc (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-07-25<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Objective: To evaluate the food environment of municipal schools of São Luís, Maranhão as food security and nutrition promoter. We analyzed the nutritional quality of the menu offered to students, the hygienic and sanitary conditions of school canteens, and the microbiological quality of water from drinking fountains and food served in schools. Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. The survey was conducted in 40 public schools in urban and rural municipal schools, attended by the PNAE, chosen randomly. We analyzed 160 menus offered between February and September 2015, based on the Resolution 26/2013 FNDE recommendations. For the analysis of nutritional quality, we used the method Qualitative Assessment of School Menu Preparations - AQPC School. The Good Checklist Practices in School Feeding was used to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of schools. The quantification of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, determining the presence / absence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positive enumeration, search, and Salmonella spp. 57 samples of school meals. 64 water samples were evaluated from drinking fountains and the results analyzed according to the parameters of the current legislation. Results: The kilocalories content, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, iron, vitamin A and sodium of the food served are lower than those recommended by the legislation. The average weekly supply of fruits and vegetables was 229g, and the items of family farming were key to achieving these values. There is no supply of whole foods, fish or any kind of salad. Almost one third of available feature menus preparations with sugar and / or added sugar (33.8%), feed concentrates or dried powders (27.5%), biscuits (35.6%), flatulent food and / or difficult digestion (30.0%), monotone color (31.9%) and fried foods, fatty meats and fatty sauces (28.8%). With regard to good practices, all school canteens were classified as having regular health risk. The average conformities found was 69.7% (± 3.83). The buildings block and facilities of food preparation area obtained 48% of compliance; equipment for temperature controlled, 45%; handlers, 92%; receiving, 100%; processes and products, 41%; and environmental hygiene, 84%. According to microbiological parameters, no food was deemed unfit for human consumption. However, there was a high rate of contamination of water from drinking fountains, given that 48.43% of the samples were positive for total coliforms and 12.50% for Escherichia coli. Conclusion: There are barriers to the PNAE to take effect fully, especially with regard to nutritional inadequacies of the menu and situations that compromise the nutritional quality. Even if the microbiological quality of school meals has been satisfactory, it is necessary to correct non-conformities in the use of BP. In addition, there is an urgent need for action to ensure the microbiological quality of water from drinking fountains, given their impact on the health of schoolchildren.<br>Objetivo: Avaliar o ambiente alimentar da rede municipal de educação de São Luís, Maranhão como promotor de segurança alimentar e nutricional. Analisou-se a qualidade nutricional do cardápio oferecido aos estudantes,as condições higienicossanitárias das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Escolares, e a qualidade microbiológica da água dos bebedouros e da alimentação servida nas escolas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de natureza quantitativa. A pesquisa foi conduzida em 40 escolas públicas da zona urbana e rural da rede municipal de ensino, atendidas pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar - PNAE, escolhidas aleatoriamente. Foram analisados 160 cardápios ofertados entre os meses de fevereiro a setembro de 2015, com base nas recomendações da Resolução FNDE 26/2013. Para análise da qualidade nutricional, utilizou-se o método Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio Escolar - AQPC Escola. A Lista de Verificação de Boas Práticas na Alimentação Escolar foi utilizada para avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias das escolas. Foram realizadas a quantificação de coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC, determinação da presença/ausência de Escherichia coli, enumeração de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo, e a pesquisa de Salmonella spp. de 57 amostras da alimentação escolar. Foram avaliadas 64 amostras de água dos bebedouros e os resultados analisados segundo os parâmetros da Legislação vigente. Resultados: Os teores de quilocalorias, carboidratos, fibras, cálcio, ferro, vitamina A e sódio da alimentação servida encontram-se aquém do preconizado pela legislação. A média de oferta semanal de frutas e hortaliças foi de 229g, sendo que os itens da agricultura familiar foram fundamentais para o alcance desses valores. Não há oferta de alimentos integrais, pescados,nem de nenhum tipo de salada. Quase um terço dos cardápios oferecidos apresentam preparações com açúcar e/ou açúcar adicionado (33,8%), alimentos concentrados em pó ou desidratados (27,5%), biscoitos (35,6%), alimentos flatulentos e/ou de difícil digestão (30,0%), monotonia de cores (31,9%) e frituras, carnes gordurosas e molhos gordurosos (28,8%). Em relação às Boas Práticas, todas as cantinas escolares foram classificadas como apresentando risco sanitário regular. A média de conformidades encontrada foi de 69,7% (±3,83). O bloco edifícios e instalações da área de preparo de alimentos obteve 48% de conformidades; equipamentos para temperatura controlada, 45%; manipuladores, 92%; recebimento, 100%; processos e produções, 41%; e higienização ambiental, 84%. De acordo com os parâmetros microbiológicos, nenhum alimento foi considerado impróprio para o consumo humano. Entretanto, verificou-se um alto índice de contaminação da água dos bebedouros, haja vista que 48,43% das amostras apresentaram positividade para coliformes totais e 12,50% para Escherichia coli. Conclusão:Existem entraves para que o PNAE seja efetivado de forma plena, principalmente no que diz respeito às inadequações nutricionais do cardápio e situações que comprometem a qualidade nutricional do mesmo. Mesmo que a qualidade microbiológica da alimentação escolar tenha sido satisfatória, faz-se necessária a correção das não conformidades na utilização de BP. Além disso, urge a necessidade de ações que garantam a qualidade microbiológica da água dos bebedouros, haja vista o impacto que exercem sobre a saúde dos escolares.
34
MELO, Mariana Navarro Tavares de. "Análise da sustentabilidade de um programa de alimentação escolar bem sucedido: o caso de tabira, município do sertão pernambucano." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16740.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-20T13:59:49Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
Dissert. Navarro- digital.pdf: 3882779 bytes, checksum: 77b13189bd896f010f248c48052b1529 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-20T13:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
Dissert. Navarro- digital.pdf: 3882779 bytes, checksum: 77b13189bd896f010f248c48052b1529 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-07-03<br>CAPES<br>O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar tem caráter intersetorial, estimula a participação social e incentiva às economias locais, sendo considerado uma prática de promoção da saúde. No sertão pernambucano, o município de Tabira se destacou na gestão do Programa de Alimentação Escolar (PAE) em 2012. Para compreender os processos relacionados à continuidade das ações inovadoras realizadas, este estudo buscou analisar evidências de sustentabilidade das ações bem-sucedidas do PAE de Tabira. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa com estratégia de estudo de caso. Foi realizado um grupo focal e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 informantes-chave. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, com a técnica de análise temática. Foi utilizado o software NVivo® 10 para Windows como primeiro tratamento dos dados. Os resultados apontam que os processos relacionados à implementação das inovações estão relacionados à sua sustentabilidade. A gestão atual continua cumprindo com o objetivo do programa de atender às necessidades nutricionais dos alunos no período em que estão na escola, porém não continuou as atividades educativas em alimentação saudável desenvolvidas na gestão anterior, ou seja, houve uma sustentabilidade parcial do programa. Fatores dos contextos organizacional e sociopolítico favoráveis à sustentabilidade foram a institucionalização do programa, o uso eficiente dos recursos financeiros, a forma centralizada de gestão, a alta participação comunitária no programa e o uso dos recursos da região a favor do programa. Como desfavoráveis foram destacados: fragilidade da articulação intersetorial e capacitação e qualificação profissional deficientes. A forte disputa política local se configura, numa perspectiva, como um fator positivo para a sustentabilidade do programa, mas negativo em alguns aspectos. O PAE de Tabira mostrou a possibilidade de operacionalizar ações de promoção da saúde, mesmo com restrição de recursos naturais e financeiros. Experiências como esta precisam ser mais visualizadas pela comunidade acadêmica e formuladores de políticas.<br>The Brazilian School Feeding Program is intersectoral, encourages social participation, local economies and is considered as a practice of health promotion. In the Northeast Region, the city of Tabira has done an excellent management of its school feeding program in 2012. To understand the processes related to the continuity of the innovative actions carried out, this study analyzed the evidences of sustainability of the ongoing innovations in Tabira. The research used a qualitative approach with case study strategy. A focus group and semi-structured interviews with 12 key actors were realized. The data were processed with content analysis and thematic analysis. NVivo® software for Windows 10 was used for the first analysis of the data. The results show that the processes that led to the implementation of the innovations are related to their sustainability. The management of Tabiras’s school feeding program may be considered sustainable in part, because it is still complying with the main program's goal, that is satisfying the students nutritional needs during their school time, but did not continues the educational activities on healthy eating developed in the previous administration. Positive organizational and socio-political factors were: the program institutionalization, the efficient use of financial resources, centralized management, high community participation and the use of local resources. Negative factors were: low inter-sectoral coordination and training and poor professional qualification. The strong political engagement at the local level showed both a positive and a negative impact. This study shows that it is possible to operationalize health promotion, even with restriction of financial and natural resources. Experiences like this should be more considered and discussed within the the academic community and among policy makers.
35
Retiére, Morgane Isabelle Hélène. "Agricultores inseridos em circuitos curtos de comercialização: modalidades de venda e adaptações dos sistemas agrícolas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-06102014-160246/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O cenário atual dos sistemas alimentares mostra uma tendência generalizada ao alongamento das cadeias agroalimentares e à concentração dos setores de distribuição. No entanto, multiplicam-se experiências locais que propõem formas alternativas de distribuir e consumir alimentos, reconhecendo o papel da agricultura familiar no desenvolvimento de sistemas alimentares mais sustentáveis. Estas iniciativas, sejam elas oriundas da sociedade civil ou reguladas por políticas públicas, promovem a redução da distância tanto geográfica quanto relacional entre produtores e consumidores. A noção de circuito curto de comercialização instiga reflexões sobre as diferentes dimensões da proximidade e a relocalização do abastecimento alimentar. Entende-se por circuito curto as modalidades de comercialização nas quais há, no máximo, um intermediário entre o produtor e o consumidor final. Nosso estudo procurou focalizar em alguns aspectos relativos à inserção de agricultores familiares em circuitos curtos de comercialização, examinando a experiência de cinco grupos de agricultores no estado de São Paulo, nas regiões de Piracicaba e do Pontal do Paranapanema. Diferentes modalidades de circuito curto compõem o espectro da pesquisa: venda direta no sítio, venda ambulante, feira livre, feira do produtor, varejão municipal, grupos de consumidores organizados e os mercados institucionais regulados pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e pelo Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). O objetivo foi entender quais são os arranjos desenvolvidos pelos agricultores em termos de sistema agrícola, de organização do trabalho e de relações sociais. O levantamento dos dados fundou-se em revisões bibliográficas, realização de observações participantes e entrevistas semi-dirigidas com agricultores inseridos em circuitos curtos. Em primeiro lugar, tratou-se de caracterizar o funcionamento dos diversos circuitos curtos estudados, para poder em seguida evidenciar as estratégias que os agricultores desenvolvem. A pesquisa mostrou que a busca por uma diversidade de alimentos comercializados não se traduz necessariamente por uma diversidade dentro dos agroecossistemas. Identificamos três estratégias adotadas pelos agricultores: a diversificação dentro dos sistemas agrícolas, a revenda de produtos de terceiros e o processamento de alimentos. Além disto, a inserção em circuitos curtos supõe que o agricultor assuma uma série de funções e domine uma série de competências que não se restringem às atividades produtivas. O tempo de trabalho adicional da venda direta requer uma reorganização do trabalho, que se baseia muitas vezes na repartição das tarefas dentro da família agrícola ou de organizações coletivas de produtores. A diversidade das relações sociais tecidas entre os produtores, com os consumidores e com agentes para-agrícolas mostra que o acesso aos mercados, inclusive dos circuitos curtos, depende em grande medida de redes sociais sólidas. Por fim, os circuitos curtos não necessariamente promovem o fortalecimento e reconhecimento da agricultura familiar local quando não há diferenciação de seus produtos em relação àqueles advindos dos mercados atacadistas. Com efeito, nestes circulam mercadorias de todas as origens cujos preços nem sempre refletem as condições locais de produção. A informação e formação dos agentes sociais envolvidos (consumidores finais, gestores públicos e atores da sociedade civil) são fundamentais para garantir que os circuitos curtos de comercialização constituam de fato uma alternativa aos sistemas alimentares dominantes.<br>The current scenario of agri-food systems shows a general tendency to everlengthening food supply chain and concentration of distribution channels. However, local experiences are spreading, offering alternative ways to distribute and consume food, recognizing the role of family farming in developing more sustainable food systems. These initiatives, whether coming from civil society or regulated by public policies, aim at reducing geographical and relational distance between producers and consumers. The notion of short food supply chains stirs reflection on the different dimensions of proximity and on the relocalization of food supply. Short food supply chains are understood to be marketing arrangements in which there is, at most, one intermediary between the producer and the final consumer. Our study focuses on certain aspects of the inclusion of family farmers in short marketing channels, looking at the experience of five groups of farmers in the São Paulo State, in the region of Piracicaba and Pontal do Paranapanema. Different types of short food supply chains compose the spectrum of this research: direct selling, street markets, farmers markets, regulated street markets, organized groups of consumers and institutional markets regulated by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and the Food Acquisition Program (PAA). The objective was to understand the arrangements developed by farmers in terms of agricultural system, work organization and social relations. Data collection was based on literature reviews, participant observations and semi-structured interviews with farmers involved. The functioning of the various short marketing channels was characterized in order to highlight the strategies developed by the farmers. Our research showed that the need for a diverse array of products does not necessarily lead to diversity within agroecosystems. Three strategies were identified: diversifying the farming system, resale of products and food processing. Furthermore, when taking part in short food supply chains, farmers undertake a number of functions and masters a set of skills that are not restricted to productive activity. The additional working time caused by direct selling requires reorganizing the work force, which often leads to division of tasks within the family or within collective producer organizations. The diversity of social relations woven between producers, with consumers and with local agents of agriculture-related organizations, shows that access to markets, including short marketing channels, depends largely on strong social networks. As a conclusion, short food supply chains do not necessarily contribute to the strengthening and recognition of local family farming when there is no differentiation of their products, in relation to those coming from wholesale markets. Indeed, the goods that circulate through wholesale markets come are from unknown origin and their prices do not always reflect the local conditions of production. The information and training of social agents involved (final consumers, public servants and civil society actors) are essential to ensure that short food supply chains constitute indeed an alternative to dominant food systems.
36
Fernandes, Patrícia Fogaça. "Identificação da demanda para a inserção de produtos da agricultura familiar no Programa de Alimentação Escolar do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/103970.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O presente trabalho tem como tema a inserção dos produtos da agricultura familiar na alimentação escolar das escolas estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul. No ano de 2009 foi promulgada a Lei n °11.947, a qual traz uma mudança fundamental no desenvolvimento do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), ao introduzir a obrigatoriedade da aplicação de no mínimo trinta por cento dos recursos financeiros repassados pelo governo federal, na aquisição de alimentos diretamente da agricultura familiar. Essa legislação é exemplo do momento de revalidação e reafirmação do papel do Estado Brasileiro como agente indutor do crescimento econômico e fomentador das atividades produtivas através do oferecimento de políticas públicas que fortaleçam a economia interna, incentivem a comercialização de alimentos da agricultura familiar e, por conseguinte, distribuam a renda de forma mais equitativa, na perspectiva de um desenvolvimento sustentável. Algumas dificuldades para a operacionalização desse processo podem estar indiretamente ligadas ao fato de não existirem estudos sobre o tipo de abastecimento alimentar realizado nos municípios brasileiros em relação à alimentação escolar, e qual seria a verdadeira demanda por alimentos da agricultura familiar, buscando reaproximar a produção e o consumo. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta elementos sobre o processo de inserção dos produtos da agricultura familiar na alimentação escolar no RS. É feita a descrição da demanda estimada de alimentos necessária para o abastecimento das escolas estaduais, através da análise dos cardápios calculados pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação para o atendimento das necessidades nutricionais de acordo a legislação vigente, comparando-a com a oferta da agricultura familiar, com base nos dados relativos à produção exclusiva desta categoria, estabelecendo-se a discussão sobre os desafios e as potencialidades deste mercado. Todos os produtos comparados, de forma regionalizada, têm produção suficiente para o atendimento da demanda, sendo que mais da metade destes apresentam menos de um por cento de demanda estimada em relação à sua produção, reafirmando o potencial de produção de alimentos da agricultura familiar para o abastecimento da alimentação escolar. No entanto, devem ser enfrentadas as questões de logística para que regiões com maior demanda possam ser abastecidas por produtores de outras; repensadas as exigências sanitárias e a estrutura de legalização dos empreendimentos, principalmente para alimentos de origem animal e para os agroindustrializados; e fortalecidas as associações e cooperativas para que atendam demandas em maiores escalas. Por fim, verifica-se que as possibilidades de abastecimento das escolas estaduais pela produção familiar do estado dependem de aspectos que envolvem questões que podem ser facilitadas pelo maior apoio governamental nas áreas de assistência técnica e extensão rural, na reformulação das legislações sanitárias, e das exigências de certificação da produção orgânica, na estruturação de espaços de recebimento, armazenamento de alimentos e formas de distribuição destes. Ainda, verifica-se como fundamental nesse processo o envolvimento dos gestores públicos e da sociedade na formatação de parcerias concretas, entre os atores locais e regionais, para a execução do PNAE na perspectiva do desenvolvimento social e econômico, de forma sustentável.<br>This dissertation has as a theme the insertion of family farmers products in the state schools of Rio Grande do Sul. In the year 2009 was created a law n° 11.947 which would have a fundamental change in the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE – Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar). Nowadays is mandatory at least thirty percent of governmental resources in the acquisition of foods directly from family farmers. This law is considered an example of revalidation and review of the state as a promoter of economic growth and productive activities through the public policies that strengthen the domestic economy encourage the marketing of food from family farmers and therefore distribute income more equitably, in the perspective of sustainable development. Some issues to make this true It could be indirect associated to the fact that we do not have researches about of supply foods used on the schools and which one will be the true demand of foods provided by family famers looking approximate the production with consumption. Therefore, this dissertation presents elements about the insertion of products from family farmers on the school feeding of Rio Grande do Sul. It´s made an estimate demand description of the foods necessary to supply all state schools through of menu analysis made by education state board according current law, comparing it with the offer of family farming, based on data relating to the production of this unique category, setting up the discussion about the challenges and potential of this market. All of these products compared have sufficient production to attend the state demand and more than half of these products have less than one percent of the estimated demand for their production, reaffirming the potential for foods from production family farms for supply of school meals. However, we must considered the logistic problems in order that regions with more demand it could be supplied for farmers from the other regions; rethought sanitary requirements and framework for legalization, a mainly special attention of the animal and rural family agroindustry foods, and strengthen the associations and cooperatives to meet demands in larger scales. Finally, there is the possibility of supplying state schools by family production of the state depends on aspects that involve issues that can be facilitated with greater government support in the areas of technical assistance and rural extension, in the reformulation of sanitary laws, and certification requirements for organic production, in structuring spaces receiving, food storage and distribution of these products. Still, it is essential in this process as the involvement of public officials and society in the formation of concrete partnerships among local and regional actors for the implementation of the Program in perspective of the social, economic and sustainable development.
37
FORMIGA, Walnara Arnaud Moura. "Viabilidade da incorporação do mel de abelha na alimentação escolar de uma unidade de ensino em São Domingos-PB." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/821.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-27T14:16:36Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
WALNARA ARNAUD MOURA FORMIGA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 979309 bytes, checksum: 70885f08071f780bdfe065c9f3efc299 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-27T14:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
WALNARA ARNAUD MOURA FORMIGA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 979309 bytes, checksum: 70885f08071f780bdfe065c9f3efc299 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014<br>O presente estudo teve como objetivo promover a introdução do mel de abelha na alimentação escolar de um estabelecimento de ensino fundamental urbano no município de São Domingos-PB. A pesquisa teve um caráter descritivo, uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa e participativa, o estudo foi realizado na Escola Maria Marques de Assis, tendo como população os 180 alunos matriculados, a diretora, os professores e as merendeiras da unidade em análise, além dos agricultores familiares rurais locais que vendem e/ou venderam alimentos para alimentação escolar, da prefeita e secretária municipal de educação. Para os alunos fez-se uma amostragem estabelecida de acordo com o proposto por Barbetta (2001), assim, o número de alunos foi igual a 60 crianças com idade variando entre 9 e 13 anos, desses alunos foram formados 2 grupos para estudo, cada um com 30 alunos, sendo o grupo 1 formado por estudantes do turno manhã e que receberam educação nutricional sobre o mel e o grupo 2 formado por alunos do turno tarde que não tiveram nenhuma atividade pedagógica referente ao estudo, aplicou-se questionários aos alunos antes e após a oferta de mel de abelha na merenda, desenvolveu-se atividades pedagógicas sobre os benefícios do mel com o grupo 1
de alunos e sobre apicultura com os agricultores, infligiu-se questionários com professores, diretora, merendeiras, agricultores, prefeita e secretária de educação. As informações foram analisadas usando o programa estatístico IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 21 de 2012 e utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Concluiu-se que a introdução do mel é viável desde que se tenha um trabalho pedagógico de educação nutricional, pois o grupo 1 de alunos apresentou índice de aceitabilidade superior ao mínimo estabelecido pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), enquanto que no grupo 2 de alunos o índice de aceitabilidade foi inferior ao mínimo exigido. Os agricultores locais demonstraram interesse em produzir mel, as gestoras municipais desenvolveram ações reais que poderão proporcionar a inserção permanente do mel no cardápio escolar e um desenvolvimento sustentável local, criando o Sistema de Inspeção Municipal e firmando parcerias com o SEBRAE (Serviço brasileiro de apoio à micro e pequena empresa) para incentivar o agronegócio apícola local.
38
SCHOTTZ, Vanessa. "Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar (PNAE): controv?rsias sobre os instrumentos de compra de alimentos produzidos pela agricultura familiar." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2375.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-23T20:48:13Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2017 - Vanessa Schottz.pdf: 2466655 bytes, checksum: 43c66ef0b42bc287ab8efa3280adf6b2 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T20:48:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2017 - Vanessa Schottz.pdf: 2466655 bytes, checksum: 43c66ef0b42bc287ab8efa3280adf6b2 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-07-31<br>CAPES<br>Since 2003, the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) has been going through changes that involve the reformulation of its goals, principles and guidelines, as well as its operational design from the intersectoral perspective of Food and Nutritional Security (FNS). The legal framework for the program, endorsed in 2009, aims to establish a link between the supply of healthy food in the school, the educational process of learning and family-based agriculture, recognizing school meals as a human right. In accordance with some principles of FNS, innovations in the operating mode of the program are being introduced, principally with respect to the dynamics of public acquisition of food, by making the allocation of at least 30% of the funds for the direct purchase of products of family-based agriculture a compulsory measure, with exemption from public bids. This thesis proposes to analyze PNAE's historical trajectory and recent reformulation from an angle yet not much explored in public policies analysis: its instruments. It aimed to understand, based on an approach that focuses on the Instrumentation of Public Action (IAP), the following questions: i) how the choosing process of instruments to operationalize food acquisition from family-based agriculture took place; ii) which principles from FNS Security were incorporated to the instruments; iii) which actors participated on the process and which interaction were established between them; iv) which public controversies were present. The study has pointed out that that the context of strengthening of the dynamics of social-estate interfaces and the greater permeability of the Estate to public policies reorientation proposals in the light of FNS's principles has created opportunities for actors coalitions (governmental mand non-governmental) that were linked to the defense of FNS causes and family-based agriculture to articulate themselves around that new legal framework. There was an effort both to reorient the guidelines of PNAE and to participate on the choosing of instruments by these actors. The introduction of new acquisition mechanisms in the PNAE involved the conformation of new field of controversies, because the changes affect the interface between public and market action. The mapping process done within the PNAE Managing Committee and Advisory Group (formal spaces aiming at the program's regulaion) has pointed out that the main controversies revolved around the following questions: i) the choosing of the operationalization modality to purchase from family-base agriculture; ii) the adoption of selection criteria bounded to the guidelines of PNAE substituting the purchasing processes that were linked to low-prices; iii) the definition of the price methodology; iv) the definition of a selling limit in a year; v) the connection between the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the PNAE. When we investigate the ...<br>Desde 2003, o Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar (PNAE) vem passando por mudan?as que envolvem a reformula??o de seus objetivos, princ?pios e diretrizes e desenho operacional a partir da perspectiva intersetorial de Seguran?a Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). O marco legal do Programa, aprovado em 2009, estabelece um elo entre a oferta de alimentos saud?veis na escola, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e a agricultura familiar, reconhecendo a alimenta??o escolar como um direito humano. Em conson?ncia com alguns princ?pios de SAN, foram introduzidas inova??es no modus operandi do programa, principalmente no que se refere ?s din?micas de aquisi??o p?blicas de alimentos, ao tornar obrigat?ria a destina??o de no m?nimo trinta por cento dos recursos para a compra direta da agricultura familiar, com dispensa de licita??o. Essa tese se prop?s a analisar a trajet?ria hist?rica e o processo recente de reformula??o do PNAE a partir de um ?ngulo ainda pouco explorado nas an?lises de pol?ticas p?blicas, os seus instrumentos. Buscou-se compreender, a partir da abordagem da Instrumenta??o da A??o P?blica (IAP), as seguintes quest?es: i) como se sucedeu a escolha dos instrumentos para operacionalizar a aquisi??o de alimentos da agricultura familiar; ii) quais foram os princ?pios de SAN incorporados aos instrumentos; iii) quais foram os atores que incidiram sobre esse processo e quais as din?micas de intera??o estabelecidas entre eles; iv) que controv?rsias estiveram presentes. O estudo apontou que o contexto de fortalecimento das interfaces socioestatais e de maior permeabilidade do Estado ? reorienta??o das pol?ticas p?blicas, ? luz dos princ?pios de SAN, criou oportunidades para que coaliz?es de atores (governamentais e n?o governamentais), vinculados ? defesa das causas da SAN e da agricultura familiar, se articulassem em torno desse novo marco legal. Houve, por parte destes atores, tanto um esfor?o por reorientar as diretrizes do PNAE, quanto por incidir sobre a escolha dos instrumentos. A introdu??o de novos mecanismos de compra no ?mbito do PNAE envolveu a conforma??o de um campo de controv?rsias, j? que as mudan?as incidem na interface entre a a??o p?blica e um mercado bem estabilizado. O mapeamento efetuado no ?mbito do Comit? Gestor e do Grupo Consultivo do PNAE (espa?os formais voltados para a regulamenta??o do programa) apontou que as principais controv?rsias giraram em torno das seguintes quest?es: i) a escolha da modalidade de operacionaliza??o de compra da agricultura familiar; ii) a ado??o de crit?rios de sele??o vinculados ?s diretrizes do PNAE em substitui??o ? compra pelo menor pre?o; iii) a defini??o da metodologia de pre?os; iv) o estabelecimento do limite de venda por ano; v) a conex?o entre o Programa de Aquisi??o de Alimentos (PAA) e o PNAE. Ao colocar uma lente sobre a instrumenta??o, buscamos evidenciar que as din?micas associadas ? constru??o desses dispositivos s?o t?o importantes quanto os princ?pios e os objetivos que orientam as pol?ticas p?blicas, particularmente quando se trata de abordagens inovadoras e de car?ter intersetorial como a SAN.
39
Dei, Frederick Acheampong. "An evaluation of the school feeding programme : a case study of Magog primary school." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18779.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study evaluates the school feeding programme at Magog Primary School. It sets out as its objective to find out how the programme operates and its potential impact on school children, including challenges, if any, and recommends solutions to mitigate the challenges. It was motivated by the need to provide information which could be used as a basis to ensure that the nutritional and educational objectives of the National School Nutritional Programme are achieved.
A review of literature demonstrated that, within the developmental framework, the point of view of civil society, government and the academia on the school feeding programmes are a valuable strategy to intervene in the nutritional and cognitive development of learners. It also made it evident that there are diverse views as to whether the School Feeding Programme is achieving its intended objectives.
The findings of this study suggest that, although the programme has the potential to improve nutrition and health, enrolment, attendance and cognitive development, there are still some challenges and areas that need to be addressed and improved. These challenges arise as a result of lack of effective monitoring and evaluation, geographical location of the schools and other implementation flaws. The consequences are that the objectives of the National School Nutritional Programme are placed at risk.<br>Development Studies<br>M.A. (Development Studies)
40
Napier, Catharina Elizabeth. "Evaluation of a feeding programme in addressing malnutrition in a primary school." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/136.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (D. Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality and Tourism)--Vaal University of Technology<br>The main objective of this study was to determine the level of malnutrition in a primary school(children aged six to 13 years old) in an informal settlement and to plan and implement a school-feeding intervention programme. Before and after the intervention
blood was drawn from 160 children. Quantitave Food Frequency Questionnaires and
24-hour recall questionnaires were completed in interviews with the parents. Anthropometric measurements included weight-for-age, BMI-for-age and height-for age.
The baseline results (QFFQ and 24-hour recall) indicated that zinc (64%), iron (83%)
and energy intake levels (59%) were lower than the recommended range for children in
this age group when compared to the DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes). Food most
commonly purchased and consumed were maize meal, tea, sugar and oil as indicated by
the top 20 foods purchased list With regard to anthropometric indices, 10% were
severely underweight (weight-for-age below
≤5th percentile from the reference NCHS
median), 15% were severely wasted (BMI-for-age ≤5th percentile) and 15.3% severely
stunted (height-for-age ≤5th percentile). A maize meal wholewheat vetkoek was
developed that provided 25% of the daily needs of the children for zinc and iron, making use of ingredients from the top 20 list The vetkoek was biochemically tested and
optimised to ensure optimal nutritional content The vetkoek was also sensory analysed
by a sample of school children (n=30) for acceptability. The vetkoek was administered
for seven months, daily except for school holidays and weekends, to 60 randomly
selected children forming the experimental group, with 60 other children receiving a
fruit as the control group and 40 children receiving the Primary School Nutrition
Programme.
The post-intervention results indicated that the children in all three groups ignificantly
improved in weight and height and their zinc and iron intake also increased significantly.
The post-intervention dietary intake results showed that the product contributed significantly to the quality of the diet. The vetkoek group consumed 358% of iron and
176% of zinc when compared to the DRis, with the PSNP group consuming 167% of
iron and 99% zinc and the fruit group 200% of iron and 120% of zinc. Although few
statistically significant changes occurred biochemically, clinical changes occurred in all three groups. This study proved that any food provision can have a beneficial impact on the growth of a malnourished child.<br>Vaal University of Technology and National Research Foundation
41
Mamba, Philisiwe Glory. "Comparative perspectives of the homegrown school feeding programme versus the non-home grown school feeding programme on aspects of learners' performances and food security in the Lubombo region Swaziland." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50678.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: The rural and food insecure population is mostly affected by hunger, poverty and malnutrition. The young and school-going children are the mostly affected individuals due to their vulnerability. The home grown school feeding programme (HGSFP) has been recognised in hunger and poverty eradication.
Aim: To explore and describe the functioning of the HGSFP at school and community levels; perceptions on the HGSFP within schools, households, and communities and how it might have affected education, well-being and its sustainability in schools, as well as household food security.
Research design: A cross sectional descriptive survey using a comparative approach in the quantitative and qualitative domains was implemented.
Setting: Government primary schools located in the southern part of the Lubombo region of Swaziland.
Sample: Thirty schools (conveniently sampled) were grouped into two (n=15: HGSFP group; n=15: non-HGSFP group). Informed consent was obtained from participants (school principals, teachers, learners, heads of the households of learners, farmers supplying food products to schools.
Methodology: Structured interview schedules were used in the quantitative domain. School registers, stock books and academic record books were used. MS Excel 2007 and SPSS 20 programmes, descriptive statistics, the Fishers test, independent-samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for analysis (quantitative data). Four focus group discussions were conducted for the qualitative data. Qualitative data were transcribed and analysed. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria (Ref no EC 130110-102). Research permission was also granted by the Ministry of Education in Swaziland through the Regional Education Office.
Main findings: The HGSFP and non-HGSFP increased school enrolments as indicated by school principals (53.3% and 46.7% respectively). The school principals (86.6%) and teachers (100%) (HGSFP) had good and excellent school attendance versus 66% of school principals and teachers in the non-HGSFP group. The school principals (73%) (HGSFP) had low rates of learners’ dropout versus only 40% in the non-HGSFP group. Participants (HGSFP) (73%) had no hunger illnesses amongst their learners versus 54.4% in the non-HGSFP group. Learners (HGSFP group) had higher mean scores on recorded class performance scores versus learners in non-HGSFP group. The HGSFP group had enhanced food security status, a better sustained FP through procuring from the local farmers which was cost effective versus the non-HGSFP group which bought from retailers. The HGSFP group (60%) was food secured versus 53.3% (non-HGSFP group) which was slightly food secured. The HGSFP had a poverty reduction potential within households; 33.3%: school principals, 46.7%: teachers indicated that jobs were created within communities. Heads of the households (40.5%) observed a reduction in food consumption versus the non-HGSFP group.
Conclusion: The HGSFP and non-HGSFP increased the school enrolment. However, the HGSFP group had better attendance and retention; learners’ health status and academic performance; sustained FP, enhanced food security, and better poverty reduction potential within households versus the non-HGSFP group.
Recommendations: Currently used SFP policies in Swaziland should be reviewed to adopt the HGSFP approach. The Ministry of Education, relevant ministries and organisations should conduct more studies on the HGSFP.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>tm2015<br>Animal and Wildlife Sciences<br>MSc<br>Unrestricted
42
Chibe, Mumsy Evidence. "Sustainability of corn soya blend use in the Orange Farms school feeding programme." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/134.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M. Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality and Tourism)--Vaal University of Technology<br>Most of the world's children between 5 and 15 years of age attend school, though many
do so under difficult circumstances. A large percentage of school children is underfed and
poorly nourished (Engelbrecht 2005: l; Worsley 2005:135; DoE 2004:1). The aim of the
Joint Aid Management (JAM) school-feeding programme was to reduce malnutrition by
providing a mid-morning snack to alleviate short-term hunger, support nutrient intake,
enhance active learning capacities and improve school attendance (JAM 2004:4). The
equivalent of lOOg raw com-soya blend (CSB) was to be provided to the children on a
daily basis. The main objective of this study was to determine the sustainability of CSB
porridge use in the Orange Farms school-feeding programme. Regulatory compliance and
product acceptability over time was addressed. Adjustments to the ratio of ingredients and portion size (83g) of the porridge served were calculated within practical limitations. The South African school feeding guidelines indicated that 25 percent of the energy needs for the 7-1 0 year olds, and 20 percent for the 11-14 year olds should be provided; while JAM indicated that 70 percent of the RDA recommendations (according to UNICEF 2002) should be provided by the product. A comparison between the applicable RDA for gender and age against daily dietary intake (habitual intake plus CSB porridge)revealed that the needs for vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, folate, iron and zinc have been met, while calcium could not be provided in full. The needs for vitamins C and Bl2 were provided for in full through the CSB intake. Overall, the CSB intake made a substantial contribution to nutritive intake. Both the perceptions for taste (Reitumetse 75-80% and Sinqobile 88-83%) and texture (Reitumetse 74-82% and Sinqobile 71-78%) increased over time. As several learners (25%) consumed second servings twice (34%) but up to five times a week (21%), it can be assumed that the additional nutrient intake benefited
the neediest children the most. It is recommended that CSB porridge should be
introduced in areas where the dietary intake is compromised.<br>National Research Foundation (NRF)
43
Nyathela, Tshinakaho. "Impact of a school feeding programme on nutritional status of primary school children in Orange Farm." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/137.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M. Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality, Tourism and PR Management)--Vaal University of Technology<br>Introduction.
Most of the children aged between five and 15 around the world live under difficult
circumstances, which lead to a high dropout rate from school before the end of the
secondary level. Most of them have poor nutrition, are undernourished and are
exposed to a large range of harmful, parasitic and infectious diseases (Shariff et al, (2000:265).
Purpose.
The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the nutritional status of primary
school children in Orange Farms informal settlement in terms of their nutritional
needs in order to implement a school feeding programme and assess its impact on the nutritional status of these children.
Methodology.
A cross-sectional baseline survey was conducted two weeks before commencing
with the school feeding programme. The measurements taken during this phase
were socio-demographic and health by means of a questionnaire, as well as dietary
intake and food consumption patterns by means of a quantified food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall, weight and height measurements. The anthropometric measurements included height and weight and the biochemical measurements included serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, total protein, albumin, vitamin B 12, folate, glucose, full blood count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, red
blood cell count, mean cell volume, white blood cell count, vitamins A, E and zinc.
A single matched "placebo" -controlled, parallel group, clinical trial of ten months
followed in a randomly selected sample of 100 participants, 50 forming part of the control group receiving a fruit and 50 forming part of the experimental group receiving com-soy blend porridge. After the 10-month period, the same measurements for the baseline survey were repeated, except for the sociodemographic and health measurements.
Results.
Malnutrition, including under and over nutrition, remains a major problem among
primary school children globally. This was also true in both the experimental and
control school groups in this study where 18.6 percent, 34.9 percent and 4.7 percent were underweight, stunted and wasted especially in the experimental group compared to 9.1 percent severe underweight, and 9.1 per cent each for severe stunting and wasting in the control group at baseline. A mainly carbohydrate based diet was consumed with limited vegetable and animal protein intakes. The socio-demographic data indicated that household food insecurity contributed to the poor dietary intake of the sample, as the majority of the caregivers were unemployed in
both groups. This was further confirmed by the limited monthly household income of less than R 1000 for a relatively large family size of up to 5 members in the control group compared to 5-10 household members in the experimental group.
The implementation of a school feeding programme that included a nutritious and
acceptable meal in the form of enriched corn-soy blend or a fruit as part of the programme, also proved to be a relatively easy and cost-effective way to address
hunger in these primary schools. Furthermore, the dietary intake levels for both groups showed statistically significant improvements for various macro- and micronutrients
when compared to DRis.
Conclusion
Although few statistically significant differences were observed between the groups
with regard to dietary intake patterns, biochemical changes and nutritional status
indices, positive changes were observed in both groups, indicating that any food
provision may have a positive impact on undernourished children. The results of the
intervention indicated an improvement in dietary intake which could result in an
improved nutritional status, specifically related to micronutrients. However, the anthropometric indices and certain biochemical parameters showed significant
improvements in both groups after the intervention. School feeding programmes are
a good strategy for addressing malnutrition among primary school children if monitored effectively. However, it does not impact directly on household food security. A long-term clinical intervention trial is recommended to measure the impact of a food-based approach to address specific micronutrient deficiencies prevalent among children in these age groups.<br>National Research Foundation
44
Maja, Margaret Malewaneng. "Management of the school nutrition programme at primary schools in Tembisa." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30302.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which principals and school nutrition programme coordinators (nutrition coordinators) manage the responsibility of ensuring that the nutrition programme is implemented at their schools without interfering with the process of teaching and learning. The study includes a literature review and an empirical investigation. The specific knowledge gained from this research may add to the body of knowledge in the field of Education Management and should inform educators, principals, policy makers and individuals concerned with the management of school nutrition programmes on strategies that could be applied in managing the primary school nutrition programme. The data was collected by administering semi-structured interviews and observations. Five public primary school principals and five coordinators from Tembisa on the eastern outskirts of Johannesburg (Gauteng, South Africa) were interviewed. The results showed that the majority of principals and coordinators admitted that the programme enhanced learners’ performance at school, but felt that there were specific challenges in managing the programme. Some of the principals and coordinators experienced the programme as an additional burden to the educators who were already overloaded with curriculum lessons. Most of the schools indicated that feeding time sometimes overlapped with the learners’ class time, due to the large number of learners being served by one food handler. This study recommends that the SGB should reconsider the installation of food preparation facilities at schools. Other mechanisms should be sought to relieve the already overburdened educators from running the programme. Measuring scales should be available at all schools to ensure that the weight of delivered food items agree with the kilograms stated on the delivery invoice. The Department of Education should involve experts when planning the menu to warrant better nutritional value and effective delivery of the school nutrition programme. Regular seminars and workshops should be arranged for food suppliers, programme committee members and food handlers to ensure effective management and implementation of the programme.<br>Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Education Management and Policy Studies<br>unrestricted
45
Chaka, Rememberance. "School feeding programme as a service delivery mechanism to improve academic perfomance of learners at Tshishonga Primary School." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/175.
Texte intégral
46
Matoane, James Masia. "The impact of national school nutrition programme (NSNP) in Tsimanyane Circuit, Sekhukhune District of Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1345.
Texte intégral
47
Jerling, Michelle. "The development of a nutrition teaching programme for foundation phase learners in rural schools / by M. Jerling." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1697.
Texte intégral
48
Muvhango, Thinavhuyo Gladys. "Learners’ perceptions of feeding scheme programmes at secondary schools in the Nzhelele East circuit, Limpopo province." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21692.
Texte intégralRésumé :
School feeding is a tool which, today, effectively enables many millions of poor children worldwide to attend school in developed and developing countries alike. This study evaluated the perceptions of learners on the school feeding programme in one circuit in a district of Limpopo Province. It describes the benefits of school feeding and how this well-proven tool can be improved and specifically targeted to address some of the key constraints to universal secondary school completion.
The findings suggest that school feeding programmes contribute to the education and well-being of children as hungry children do not grow; cannot learn; and face many health risks. School feeding can bring children into school and out of hunger; providing food for children at school can relieve immediate short-term hunger which is very beneficial for learning to take place. Alleviating short-term hunger among children at school helps to improve their performance in school tests and to promote a normal progression from grade to grade in completing their basic education.
The study used individual interviews, document analysis and observation to obtain data from selected participants from two schools in the Nzhelele East Circuit in the Vhembe District. Responses to questions were analysed and a statistical analysis provided positive answers which revealed that the school feeding programme was effective; that more should be done to improve its delivery; that there should be a stable infrastructure and that the geographical location of the community should be taken into consideration when it comes to menu options. A number of recommendations are made to improve the implementation of the school feeding programme.<br>Educational Leadership and Management<br>M. Ed. (Education Management)
49
Sibanyoni, July Johannes. "Food safety and quality assurance measures of the national school nutrition programme in Mpumalanga Provice, South Africa." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23301.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Foodborne diseases are a major challenge to school feeding programmes because inadequate food safety knowledge and skills of staff can result in unsafe food handling practices and cross-contamination, thus causing foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to investigate the food safety and quality assurance measures of the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The research design was cross-sectional quantitative in nature. A total of 300 NSNP food service managers/coordinators and 440 food handlers were selected to participate in the study. Data collection was by means of a self-administered structured questionnaire and 192 food contact surface swap samples from 32 primary and secondary public schools.
The majority of schools offering NSNP meals were located in informal settlements and most were found to lack basic resources such as electricity and potable tap water in their kitchens. 93% of food handlers did not know about Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). The NSNP food service managers in some schools, especially in schools located in rural settlements, were found to have little knowledge or awareness of HACCP. No school was found to have implemented the HACCP, and only a few staff had received food safety training. Inadequate food safety knowledge was worst in schools located in informal settlements due to a lack of training. Up to 60% of food handlers did not know the correct procedure for washing a cutting board after it had been used. In addition, just over 95% of the food handlers did not know how to sanitise utensils and cutting surfaces after cutting up raw meat. The lack of hygiene was confirmed by the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli 015:H7, Salmonella and Shigella species on food contact surfaces. A total of 22 different bacteria genera were identified. It is essential to monitor NSNP kitchen hygiene practice to ensure the minimal contamination of food products and newly recruited food handlers should be trained on food handling practice and principles to ensure the safety of prepared food for school children.<br>Business Management<br>D. Phil. (Consumer Science)
50
Molotja, Makwena Cate. "Towards a framework for enhancing school feeding programmes for rural development in Blouberg Local Municipality, South Africa." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1441.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PhDRDV<br>Institute for Rural Development<br>Many countries provide food to school children through school feeding programmes (SFPs). This is designed to alleviate short-term hunger and encourage learners to attend school. Many children in South Africa attend school hungry and lack general knowledge of nutrition, which negatively affects their learning abilities. Not much research attention has been paid to the potential of SFPs to improve learners‟ knowledge of nutrition. Nor has there been significant effort to stimulate local production of food involving community members, which might contribute to the development of rural areas. In the current study, the degree to which SFPs have alleviated hunger, promoted nutrition education, and enhanced the development of rural communities in Blouberg Local Municipality (BLM) was investigated.
Data were collected from 11 primary schools in BLM where the South African Department of Basic Education implemented SFPs. At each school, quantitative data were collected from learners aged from 10 to 15 years using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected through individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with learners, teaching staff, community members and government officials involved in the implementation of SFPs. Document analysis, direct observation, and taking notes, photographs, Venn and seasonal -diagraming were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, crosstabulation and binary logistic regression were used to analyse quantitative data. Qualitative data obtained in the form of interview transcripts and field notes were analysed using thematic content analysis. An inductive approach was followed. This entails coding the data and observing emerging patterns, culminating in organising the results into common themes.
A composite index was used as a measure of the quality of SFPs. Perceived benefits of SFPs were assessed based on a validated and standardised 5-point ordinal scale. It was observed that 80 % school children who participated in the study were satisfied with the quality of the SFPs provided to them. The results confirmed those obtained through focus group discussions and individual interviews. Overall satisfaction with the
quality of the SFP in BLM significantly and positively depended on the following knowledge, in descending order of importance: fewer sugary foods should be consumed; fewer fatty foods should be consumed and eating various foods helps in proper growth and development. Four predictor variables significantly influenced satisfaction with SFPs. These were: knowledge that a variety of food types is helpful for growth and development [OR = 3.72; P < 0.001; 95% C.I. = 1.77, 7.83]; knowledge that eating too much fatty food is harmful [OR = 2.93; P < 0.001; 95% C.I. = 1.83, 4.68]; knowledge that eating too much sugary food is harmful [OR = 2.18; P < 0.001; 95% C.I. = 1.45, 3.29]; and knowledge that eating too much sweet food is harmful because it can make people fat [OR = 1.58; P < 0.05; 95% C.I. = 1.01, 2.50].
All participants agreed that SFPs alleviated hunger and benefited the learners and their families. Although the participants cited numerous other benefits accrued through SFPs, there were challenges that should be addressed. The involvement of community members in the SFPs was reported to be minimal such as cooking and serving food and working in the school gardens. This could be maximised because SFPs presented an opportunity for local food production and rural community development. Non-delivery of food by suppliers and the negative impact it had on learners was the major challenge. This observation implied that the SFPs constituted a readily available market, which the rural communities could exploit to improve their income, create jobs and enhance the rural economy. Therefore, SFPs and school gardens should be integrated with nutrition education to improve the learners‟ level of nutrition knowledge and reinforce the consumption of healthy foods. Although initially, the SFP had a community development component, this seemed to be overlooked. A framework that underscores strong partnerships among government departments, NGOs and the private sector in implementing community and/or rural development initiatives was developed. The framework is based on strong partnerships between key stakeholders, policy support, investments in resources and infrastructure for rural development and capacity building.<br>NRF