Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Science=2016-12-11 »

AbstractThis Podcast features an interview with Mikel Garcia-Marcos, author of a Research Article that appears in the 12 April 2016 issue of Science Signaling, about how mutations in a G protein cause auriculo-condylar syndrome (ACS). ACS is caused by mutations that affect signaling through the endothelin type A receptor (ETAR) and is characterized by craniofacial abnormalities resulting from defects in neural crest development. ETAR is a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) that signals primarily through heterotrimeric G proteins containing Gαq/11, but mutations in Gαi3 are also associated with ACS. Marivin et al. found that ETAR coupled to ACS-associated mutant forms of Gαi3 instead of coupling to Gαq/11. These mutant forms of Gαi3 lacked enzymatic activity and thus blocked ETAR signaling.Listen to Podcast

Astrophysics is a bough of space science that applies the laws of physics and chemistry to explain planets, galaxies, the birth, life, death of stars, nebulae and other objects in the universe. Astrophysics creates physical theories of small to medium-size structures in the universe. Astrophysicists seek to understand the universe and our place in it. At NASA, the objective of astrophysics be “to discover how the universe work, explore how it began & evolved, and search for life on planets around other stars.” The h index was suggested in 2005 by Jorge E. Hirsch, a physicist at University of California, San Diego (UCSD ).The h-index is a factor determining both the quantity and the quality of a scientist’s research output. The h-index can be calculated without human intervention in Scopus and Web of Science or manually in other databases that give citation information (e.g., PsychINFO, SciFinder, Google Scholar). The index is based on a list of publications ranked in descending array by the number of citations these publications received. The value of h is equal to the number of papers (N) in the list that have N or more citations. This study analyzes the h index of Astrophysics research output in India from the year 1989-2016. The data was downloaded from Web of Science database which was maintained by Thomson Reuters. The findings of the study revealed that the author S.Banerjee has published 12 papers with 12 or more citations. Followed by the author A.Kumar has published 11 papers with 11 or more citations.

Abstract This article introduces a double issue comprising 11 papers about Babylonian and Egyptian priests and scholarship between ca. 600 bce and 200 ce. They constitute the proceedings of the workshop “Scholars, Priests, and Temples: Babylonian and Egyptian Science in Context”, which was held at the Humboldt University Berlin, 12–14 May 2016, with support of the Excellence Cluster TOPOI. The workshop brought together Assyriologists and Egyptologists with expertise in Babylonian and Egyptian scholarship, priesthoods and temple institutions. All contributions have been revised and updated since then. The present contribution offers a brief introduction on previous research, cross-cultural interactions, economic aspects, royal patronage, and internal developments of Babylonian and Egyptian temple scholarship, followed by short summaries of the papers.

ABSTRACTObjective:Disaster-related research funding in the United States has not been described. This study characterizes Federal funding for disaster-related research for 5 professional disciplines: medicine, public health, social science, engineering, emergency management.Methods:An online key word search was performed using the website, www.USAspending.gov, to identify federal awards, grants, and contracts during 2011–2016. A panel of experts then reviewed each entry for inclusion.Results:The search identified 9145 entries, of which 262 (3%) met inclusion criteria. Over 6 years, the Federal Government awarded US $69 325 130 for all disaster-related research. Total funding levels quadrupled in the first 3 years and then halved in the last 3 years. Half of the funding was for engineering, 3 times higher than social sciences and emergency management and 5 times higher than public health and medicine. Ten (11%) institutions received 52% of all funding. The search returned entries for only 12 of the 35 pre-identified disaster-related capabilities; 6 of 12 capabilities appear to have received no funding for at least 2 years.Conclusion:US federal funding for disaster-related research is limited and highly variable during 2011–2016. There are no clear reasons for apportionment. There appears to be an absence of prioritization. There does not appear to be a strategy for alignment of research with national disaster policies.

The present article involves a qualitative study of the framing of dementia in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’, the Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, published in 2016. The aim of this study is to elucidate how dementia is framed qualitatively in the corpus consisting of scientific articles involving dementia published in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate that dementia is represented in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’ in 2016 as the frames associated with gender, age, costs, caregiver and care-recipients, disability and death, health policy, spatial orientation, medical condition, and ethnic groups. These findings are further discussed in the article.
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Since 2016, Scopus database is directly covering Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences (PPAS): Part A. Till 28th April, 2022 it has published 190 research documents majorly comprising of articles (n=126), book chapters (n=42), conference papers (n=16) and reviews (n=6). PPAS-A publishes in the areas of computer science, materials science, physics and astronomy, engineering sciences, chemistry, statistics, mathematics, geography, and geology. The entire publication data was downloaded from Scopus and analyzed on R-Studio (Bibliometrix/ Biblioshiny). In all publication, 210 authors from 377 departments or institutes (or more precisely 192 universities) from 12 Asian, 11 European, 4 Middle East, 1 Oceanic (New Zealand), 1 North American (USA), and 3 African countries have contributed (Figure 1). The lists of all authors (with total publications (TP), total citations (TC), publications years, h-index, g-index and m-index), all universities (with TP) and countries (with TP) are provided in supplementary table 1. All publications (n=190) received 174 total citations with 6 h-index. Similarly for 2021 the Citescore, SJR and SNIP were found to be to 0.4, 0.161 and 0.367, respectively. In a short span of only six years, it has achieved considerable rankings in general computer science (193/226), general physics and astronomy (200/233) and general materials sciences (402/455). The success could be attributed to the entire editorial board, reviewers, and authors around the world.

Many studies use Ocean Health Index (OHI) calculations on global and regional scales. There was still a dearth of research that used a framework to examine the local level. Meanwhile, policies to achieve environmental management objectives for marine ecosystems will be more applicable locally. This study aims to discover the most appropriate benchmark for OHI calculations on a local scale, namely by reviewing manuscripts from 2012 to 2022 based on geography, publication field, resolution, and data sources. The data were used to determine benchmarks for OHI calculations based on manuscripts published. One thousand five hundred manuscripts were discovered and verified via the Clarivate Analytics Web of Knowledge. We discovered 26 manuscripts each: 12 global, 11 regional, and three local. The trend of manuscripts increased in 2014, 2016, and 2021. Most manuscripts were published in journals focused on multidisciplinary natural resources management and environmental science. The rest of the manuscripts were published in earth and planetary science, ecological science, environment management, biochemistry, and energy journals. The widespread use of OHI requires each country to create comparable measurement techniques by changing the OHI to include factors and indications relevant to each country, including Indonesia.

Objetivo: revisar artigos de pesquisa visando a análise do impacto de tecnologias inovadoras na vida de diabéticos adultos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de produção levantada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, Springer Link e bibliotecas eletrônicas SciELO e PubMed. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, em Português, Inglês ou Espanhol, entre 2012 e 2016. Resultados: Identificaram-se 669 publicações, das quais 12 compuseram a amostra. Identificaram-se 11 tecnologias distintas, que envolveram desde a utilização de aplicativos para smartphones, farmacoterapias, dispositivos de monitorização até intervenções especializadas. A maioria impactou positivamente na vida dos diabéticos para o controle metabólico eficaz e dos níveis de Hemoglobina Glicada, redução de episódios de hiper/hipoglicemia, maior adesão ao tratamento, entre outros, enquanto apenas uma apresentou aspectos desfavoráveis. Conclusão: há a necessidade de aprimoramento das tecnologias, bem como realização de estudos com desenhos de pesquisa de maior acurácia e com métodos mais robustos de investigação.

The study aims to improve the learning outcomes in the field of knowledge and inquiry skill in class VIII 5 SMP Negeri 14 Kendari on the subject matter of light in atmosphere as the effect of applying the guided inquiry learning model assisted by science KIT. The method of the study used a classroom action research with research design is cycle model. The research subject is the students of class VIII 5 SMP Negeri 14 Kendari in the academic year 2016/2017 which consist of 26 students. The learning data achievements of the learners' realm were obtained through the learning result test (cycle test), the skill data of the learners were obtained through the inquiry sheet, and then was analyzed used the descriptive statistics. Results of data analysis are: 1) learning outcomes increased from 60,31 in cycle I to 75 in cycle II; 2) the students group inquiry skill increased form average value 2.68 (enough category) in the cycle I to 3.15 (good category) in cycle II; 3) the students mastery learning percentage increase from 42.31% (11 students) in cycle I to 77% (20 students) in cycle II. It could be concluded that the implementation of guided inquiry learning model assisted by science KIT could improve the learning outcomes of knowledge and inquiry skill domain on Class VIII 5 SMP Negeri 14 Kendari in the subject matter of light in atmosphere.
 Keywords: guided inquiry, inquiry skills, learning outcomes,science KIT.
 
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AbstractEnrichment of magnetic minerals in the topsoil and thus enhancement of magnetic susceptibility in archaeological layers and soils, the so-called “Le Borgne effect” is a quite common and a widespread property of the majority of soils worldwide. This effect is widely regarded as the main fundament and plays a crucial role for a successful magnetometer prospecting of most case studies for prospecting worldwide (Le Borgne, Ann Geophys 11:399–419, 1955; Mullins, J. Soil Sci 28: 223–246, 1977; Fassbinder et al., Nature 343(6254):161–163, 1990; Fassbinder & Stanjek, Archeol Polona 31:117–128, 1993; Jordanova, Soil magnetism. Applications in pedology, environmental science and agriculture. Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2016). Case studies both, in the wetland and marches of the Shat el Arab in Southern Iraq as well as on some sites of mountain areas of Kurdistan however, show that this effect plays a minor role in Mesopotamia (Fassbinder & Asandulesei, Peshdar Plain Proj Publ 1:112–119, 2016; Fassbinder et al., Magnetometer prospection of neo-Assyrian sites in the Peshdar Plain, Iraqi-Kurdistan. In: 12th international conference of archaeological prospection, vol 12. Archaeopress, pp 70–72, 2017a, Geophysikal research in the Bora Plain: magnetometer prospection at the Dinka Settlement Complex and Gawr Miran, 2016, vol 2. Peshdar Plain Project Publications, pp 18–32, 2017b, The 2017 magnetometer survey of the Dinka Settlement Complex, Iraqi Kurdistan, vol 3. Peshdar Plain Project Publications, pp 19–30, 2018, Geophysical prospection campaign 2019: magnetometry and Earth Resistance Tomography (ERT) at the archaeological site of Ur, Iraq. Unpublished report Directorate of Antiquities, Iraq, 2019a, Venice in the desert: Archaeological geophysics on the world’s oldest metropolis Uruk-Warka, the city of King Gilgamesh (Iraq). In 13th international conference on archaeological prospection, vol 13, pp 197–200, 2019b, Petiti et al., Zeitschrift für Orientarchäologie Bd 15:120–162, 2023). Here we present a variety of further soil magnetic, rock magnetic and physical properties of archaeological sediments and features, explaining the success, failure, and pitfalls of these prospecting projects. While in the southern Iraq induced magnetisation and the variance in composition of mudstones dominates magnetic anomalies, the selected case study from Iraqi-Kurdistan is predominantly determined by the natural remanent magnetisation of rocks.

According to the Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of human development ([1][2][3][4][5]), the development of each individual cannot be observed without considering its relationship with the development of other people and, above all, with the environment in which they live. The ecological orientation of Bronfenbrenner with respect to human development is therefore based on the interest in the progressive adaptation between an active organism that grows and its immediate environment: the individual-environment interaction that is determined by the relationships existing between the different environmental situations and the individuals present in that context is fundamental. Consequently, the ecological environment that is considered relevant to development processes is not limited to a single environmental situation but includes the interconnections between multiple environmental situations and the different influences of each individual. The evolution of the Internet-based technologies has brought to the development of solutions that have profoundly changed the way we live, including education. The advent of social media and social networks represents a milestone in the history of Internet, opening up to profound reflections on the "virtualization" of relationships, their growing importance in everyday life, and their role in education. Many authors argue that the Internet and the social media should no longer be considered as a tool to connect to a virtual reality that is separate from the real world, but as a place in which users live daily ([6][9][11][10]); consequently, they constitute one of the environmental situations mentioned by Bronfenbrenner. However, the risks deriving from the use of social media have been widely discusses in the literature ([7][8][12]). Adolescents are more exposed to the social media threats, since they are unable to perceive the profoundly different dynamics that govern offline and online networks. In this paper, having in mind the Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of human development, we argue that the progressive adaptation of students to social media should be considered as a process of their growth and development. Furthermore, we analyze some corrections to be introduced in the educational paths of adolescents necessary to reduce the threats deriving from the use of social media and social networks in education. Reference Text and Citations [1] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1961). Toward a theoretical model for the analysis of parent-child relationships in a social context. In J. C. Glidewell (Ed.), Parental attitudes and child behavior (pp. 90-109). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. [2] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1973). Social ecology of human development. In F. Richardson (Ed.), Brain and intelligence: The ecology of child development (pp. 113-129). Hyattsville, MD: National Education Press. [3] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1974). Developmental research, public policy, and the ecology of childhood. Child Development, 45, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127743 [4] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In T. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 1643-1647). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press and Elsevier Science. [5] Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & R. M. Lerner (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 793-828). New York, NY: Wiley. [6] Carr, N. (2011). The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. [7] Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., G?rzig, A., & ?lafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children. Full Findings. London: EU Kids Online, LSE. [Google Scholar] [8] Martin, F., Wang, C., Petty, T., Wang, W., & Wilkins, P. (2018). Middle school students' social media use. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(1), 213-224. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26273881 [9] Musetti, A., Cattivelli, R., Giacobbi, M., Zuglian, P., Ceccarini, M., Capelli, F., et al. (2016). Challenges in internet addiction disorder: is a diagnosis feasible or not? Frontiers in Psychology, 7. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00842 [10] Musetti, A., Cattivelli, R., Zuglian, P., Terrone, G., Pozzoli, S., Capelli, F., et al. (2017). Internet addiction disorder o internet related psychopathology? [Internet Addiction disorder or Internet Related Psychopathology?]. Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, 44, 359-382. doi: 10.1421/87345 [11] Taymur, I., Budak, E., Demirci, H., Akdag, H.A., Gungor, B.B., & Ozdel, K. (2016). A study of the relationship between internet addiction, psychopathology and dysfunctional beliefs. Computers in Human Behavior,61, 532-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.043 [12] Willoughby, M. (2018). A review of the risks associated with children and young people's social media use and the implications for social work practice. Journal of Social Work Practice,33(2), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2018.1460587

Abstract The Earth-Moon system is constantly bombarded by meteoroids of different sizes. They are fragments of asteroids, comets, and major celestial bodies which provide information about the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Meteor showers have been studied for at least 50 years to construct Solar System meteoroid models which can be exploited to understand the spatial distribution of objects near the Earth-Moon system, to predict the degradation of spaceborne equipment, and to forecast large impact on Earth [1]. These models have been constructed by performing Earth-based observations of meteor showers and lunar flashes due to meteoroid impacts. As Earth-based observations are limited by geometrical, illumination, and meteorological constraints, a Moon-orbiting observatory could increase the quality and quantities of meteoroid impact detection to improve current meteoroid models. To answer these questions, the Lunar Meteoroid Impacts Observer (LUMIO) mission has been designed and is currently in development under ESA funding [2]. LUMIO is a CubeSat mission to a halo orbit at Earth-Moon L2 that shall observe, quantify, and characterize meteoroid impacts on the Lunar farside by detecting their flashes, complementing Earth-based observations on the Lunar nearside, to provide global information on the Lunar Meteoroid Environment and contribute to Lunar Situational Awareness [3, 4]. The LUMIO mission foresees two modes during its operative phase [5]: the Science Cycle and the Navigation & Engineering Cycle. The former lasts approximately 14 days and occurs when the Moon far side has the optimal illumination to perform flash detection (i.e., half of the Moon is not illuminated). The latter is defined as the complementary of the Science Cycle. During the Navigation & Engineering Cycle, the CubeSats cannot carry out scientific observations and performs reaction wheel desaturation, communication with the Earth, station-keeping, and technological demonstration. The technological demonstration performed by LUMIO is the Optical Navigation Experiment (ONX) [6]. The ONX aims at proving the feasibility of CubeSats to autonomously navigate in the cislunar environment without communication with the ground by exploiting images of the Moon. Indeed, the spacecraft-Moon range is computed by determining the apparent size of the Moon in the image [7, 8]. This piece of information is then provided to the navigation filter to determine the spacecraft state [6]. The computation of the spacecraft-Moon range is determined by the image processing (IP) algorithm which determines the Moon limb location in the image at subpixel precision [9] and estimates the spacecraft-Moon range with a non-iterative method [10]. To make the algorithm robust to possible outliers in the limb location points, the RANSAC algorithm is used [11]. This IP pipeline provides position measurements to the navigation filter by exploiting attitude information from the ADCS subsystem. The navigation filter is an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) in ECI J2000 taking into account the Moon and Earth gravitational attraction and the Sun third-body perturbation. This work presents the current status of the ONX by focusing on the image processing (IP) algorithm, the navigation filter, and the expected results during the experiment. Acknowledgment This work has been conducted under ESA Contract No. 4000139301/22/NL/AS within the General Support Technology Programme (GSTP) through the support of the national delegations of Italy (ASI) and Norway (NOSA). The authors would like to acknowledge the members of the LUMIO team for their support and the ESA experts for reviewing the Phases 0 and A design. References [1] Z. Ceplecha, J. Borovička, W. G. Elford, D. O. ReVelle, R. L. Hawkes, V. Porubčan, and M. Šimek. Meteor phenomena and bodies. Space Science Reviews, 84(3):327–471, 1998. doi: 10.1023/A:1005069928850. [2] A. Cervone, F. Topputo, S. Speretta, A. Menicucci, E. Turan, P. Di Lizia, M. Massari, V. Franzese, C. Giordano, G. Merisio, D. Labate, G. Pilato, E. Costa, E. Bertels, A. Thorvaldsen, A. Kukharenka, J. Vennekens, and R. Walker. LUMIO: A CubeSat for observing and characterizing micro-meteoroid impacts on the Lunar far side. Acta Astronautica, 195:309–317, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.03.032. [3] F. Topputo, G. Merisio, V. Franzese, C. Giordano, M. Massari, G. Pilato, D. Labate, A. Cervone, S. Speretta, A. Menicucci, E. Turan, E. Bertels, J. Vennekens, R. Walker, and D. Koschny. Meteoroids detection with the LUMIO lunar CubeSat. Icarus, 389:115213, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115213. [4] G. Merisio and F. Topputo. Present-day model of lunar meteoroids and their impact flashes for LUMIO mission. Icarus, 389:115180, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115180. [5] A. M. Cipriano, D. A. Dei Tos, and F. Topputo. Orbit design for LUMIO: The lunar meteoroid impacts observer. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 5:29, 2018. doi: 10.3389/fs-pas.2018.00029. [6] V. Franzese, P. Di Lizia, and F. Topputo. Autonomous optical navigation for the lunar meteoroid impacts observer. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 42(7):1579–1586, 2019. doi: 10.2514/1.G003999. [7] D. Mortari, C. N. D’Souza, and R. Zanetti. Image processing of illuminated ellipsoid. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 53(3):448–456, 2016. doi: 10.2514/1.A33342. [8] J. A. Christian. Optical navigation using planet’s centroid and apparent diameter in image. Journal of guidance, control, and dynamics, 38(2):192–204, 2015. doi: 10.2514/1.G000872. [9] J. A. Christian. Accurate planetary limb localization for image-based spacecraft navigation. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 54(3):708–730, 2017. doi: 10.2514/1.A33692. [10] John A Christian and Shane B Robinson. Noniterative Horizon-Based optical navigation by Cholesky factorization. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 39(12):2757–2765, 2016. doi: 10.2514/1.G000539. [11] R. Hartley and A. Zisserman. Multiple view geometry in computer vision. Cambridge university press, 2003.

Major metropolitan centers experience challenges during management of peak electrical loads, typically occurring during extreme summer events. These peak loads expose the reliability of the electrical grid and customers may incur in additional charges for peak load management in regulated demand-response markets. This opens the need for the development of analytical tools that can inform building managers and utilities about near future conditions so they are better able to avoid peak demand charges, reducing building operational costs. In this article, we report on a tool and methodology to forecast peak loads at the City Scale using New York City (NYC) as a test case. The city of New York experiences peak electric demand loads that reach up to 11 GW during the summertime, and are projected to increase to over 12 GW by 2025, as reported by the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO). The forecast is based on the Weather Research and Forecast model version 3.5, coupled with a building environment parameterization and building energy model. Urban morphology parameters are assimilated from the New York Primary Land Use Tax Lot Output (PLUTO), while the weather component of the model is initialized daily from the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model. A city-scale analysis is centered in the summer months of June-July 2015 which included an extreme heat event (i.e. heat wave). The 24-hr city-scale weather and energy forecasts show good agreement with the archived data from both weather stations records and energy records by NYISO.

The e-learning course "Informatics" is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the specialty 33.05.01 Pharmacy (specialty level), approved by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated August 11, 2016 No. 1037, and taking into account the requirements of the professional standard 02.006 "Pharmacist", approved by order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection No. 91n of the Russian Federation dated March 9, 2016. The purpose of the course is to master the necessary amount of theoretical and practical knowledge in computer science for graduates to master competencies in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education, capable and ready to perform the work functions required by the professional standard. Course objectives: to provide knowledge about the rules of working with spreadsheets; to provide knowledge about working in medical information systems and the Internet information and telecommunications network; to provide skills in working with computer science software and hardware used at various stages of obtaining and analyzing biomedical information; to learn how to use the knowledge gained to solve problems of pharmaceutical and biomedical content. The labor intensity of the course is 72 hours. The course consists of 12 didactic units.