Articles de revues : « Science technology and innovation ; Colombia ; Latin America »

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Cubillos-González, Rolando-Arturo, et Grace Tiberio Cardoso. « Clean Technology Transfer and Innovation in Social Housing Production in Brazil and Colombia. A Framework from a Systematic Review ». Sustainability 12, n^o 4 (12 février 2020) : 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041335.

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Over recent years in Brazil and Colombia, the social housing programs of these two countries have increasingly become directly related to the concept of green construction and seek to integrate with their respective laws. For example, a series of technological strategies allows bought countries to guarantee a reduction of the environmental impact of traditional construction technologies. Therefore, these actions try to answer the problems in the design of dwellings in Latin America. However, the construction sector reduced productivity and limited innovation in business. Some of the technological management processes in the social housing construction sector only consider the implementation of clean technologies tangentially. This situation is mainly because of general policies since they do not consider different local contexts. It is then worth asking: What impact do the processes of transfer of clean technologies have on social housing in Brazil and Colombia? This systematic review was carried out on scientific papers indexed by the science database from 2013 to 2019. The PRISMA method was applied to this review with an aim to propose a conceptual model for the transfer of clean technology in the production of social housing in Brazil and Colombia. Finally, we identify that the impact of clean technologies transfer on social housing is very low in these two countries.

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Leta, Jacqueline, et Kizi Araujo. « Science, Technology and Innovation in Latin America ». Journal of Scientometric Research 10, n^o 1s (6 juin 2021) : s1—s4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jscires.10.1s.17.

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de Oliveira, Marta Olivia Rovedder, Aline Armanini Stefanan et Mauri Leodir Lobler. « Brand equity, risk and return in Latin America ». Journal of Product & ; Brand Management 27, n^o 5 (20 août 2018) : 557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-02-2017-1418.

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Purpose This study aims to compare the performance of stocks of companies with high brand equity with the stocks of other companies listed on the stock market of emerging countries of Latin America: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Design/methodology/approach The valuable brands (brands with high brand equity) considered were the most valuable Latin America brands according to the Millward Brown reports. Carhart four-factor model was used to analyze performance and the total sample included 732 stocks in the Latin American market collected at Economatica, monthly, for a period of 10 years. Findings The Valuable Brands Portfolio presents the lowest investment risk, suggesting that stocks of companies with valuable brands ensure lower risk investment to shareholders in these emerging markets. Originality/value This study is the first to associate brand equity with the creation of shareholder value in the context of emerging Latin American countries. In addition, the proposed method has also not been used previously to study emerging countries. The association found between a marketing asset (brand equity) and stock market performance contributes to improve the relationship between marketing and finance areas. The results of this study in emerging markets corroborate previous studies in developed markets, strongly suggesting the confirmation of the effect of brand equity on the reduction of risk stock.

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Misra, Kaustav, Esra Memili, Dianne H. B. Welsh, Surender Reddy et Gail E. Sype. « Cross-country technology gap in Latin America ». Cross Cultural Management 22, n^o 4 (5 octobre 2015) : 630–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-04-2014-0043.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing the total factor productivity (TFP) gap between the USA and eight Latin American countries for the period of 1970-2000. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides an explicit application of TFP estimation by employing a growth accounting approach (Solow Residual) in the presence of non-constant returns to scale and a non-parametric approach (DEA – Malmquist Index) while relaxing the scale-related constraint. A macro-based economic model of innovator and follower countries is employed to explore the linkage between technology gaps and innovations, labor productivity, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and adult workforce illiteracy rates. A pooled model and a fixed effects model are used to determine the factors of the technology gap between the innovator and the follower countries. Findings – The results show that the labor productivity gap, adult work force illiteracy rates, patent filing gap, and trade openness are significant determinants of the technology gap between innovator and follower country. Practical implications – Latin American countries would benefit from the technology diffusion from an innovator country; but a minimum threshold of human capital, such as adult workforce illiteracy rates and patent filing has to be met. The authors find government policies on trade openness also have large effects on technology limitations in foreign countries. Originality/value – This paper is of value to researchers, policy makers, and economic development specialists trying to improve the rate of technology adoption and innovation.

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Arechavala-Vargas, Ricardo, Alexandra Donado-Mercado, Viridiana Núñez-López et María Fernanda Andrés. « Technology-based entrepreneurial opportunity discovery and development ». Revista Brasileira de Inovação 19 (4 avril 2020) : e020006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v19i0.8653578.

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Technology-based entrepreneurs in Latin America face different institutional environments and have less access to knowledge and resources than those in industrialized economies. Opportunity discovery and construction therefore follow also different paths. Results from a set of parallel case studies in Argentina, Colombia and Mexico, explore some differences in terms of the role of available technological and market knowledge, and in terms of the entrepreneur’s background. But also, strong similarities among these countries’ economic development, their R&D infrastructure, and their institutional environments, shape similar patterns in their entrepreneurs’ endeavours. These patterns have important public policy implications for promoting innovation in transitional economies.

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Sartori, Rejane, et Roberto Carlos Dos Santos Pacheco. « CLARA and ScienTI Networks : Technology and Information for Knowledge Building in the Latin American Scientific Community ». Journal of Information & ; Knowledge Management 05, n^o 03 (septembre 2006) : 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649206001438.

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Knowledge-based development produces wealth and opens the frontiers of competitiveness, technological innovation and wealth distribution. In developed countries the process is intrinsically bound to the ability of innovative production and the dynamics of network knowledge construction. Within this process the academic and research communities participate effectively in the dynamics of knowledge and innovation, an environment strongly based on information and communication technology. However, when compared to the dynamics of developed countries, the formation of such communities in Latin America is rare. In this context CLARA (Latin American Cooperation in Advanced Networks) and ScienTI (Information and Knowledge Network in Science, Technology and Innovation) networks are strategies for the establishment, dissemination and foment of scientific knowledge in Latin America. CLARA integrates national academy networks in Latin America which links about 700 universities and research centers in the area. ScienTI network establishes and links scientific information sources in eleven countries within the area. The formation of a gigantic Latin American research community which links researchers, projects, and studies has an important role in building a world of science and education in the future. The formation and the functioning of the networks will be discussed from the community's knowledge building point of view in Latin America.

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Páez, Angela M., et Catalina Vallejo Piedrahíta. « Channeling Water Conflicts through the Legislative Branch in Colombia ». Water 13, n^o 9 (28 avril 2021) : 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091214.

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This paper answers the question: has the Colombian Congress been effective at addressing relevant water conflicts and making them visible? While courts and social movements have been key for the advancement of social rights in Latin America, the role of legislators remains unclear. We conduct content analysis of all water-related bills, proposed bills, and constitutional amendments filed in Colombia from 1991 to 2020; we also analyzed Congress hearings of political control related to water, and the statutes of political parties who hold majority of seats in Congress; we also conducted interviews with key actors on water governance in Colombia. We find that only three bills have passed in the 30-year time frame and that relevant water conflicts have not been addressed by Colombian legislators. We find that water conflicts are not reaching the political agenda of Congress, yet through political control hearings, it has given some late visibility to critical territorial conflicts in which water is a key element. We analyze our data in light of literature on legislative politics and legal mobilization in Latin America. This study adds to global research on the role of legislators in advancing the human right to water, particularly in Latin America.

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ZUÑIGA-COLLAZOS, ALEXANDER, NELSON LOZADA et GEOVANNY PERDOMO-CHARRY. « EFFECT OF ABSORPTION CAPACITY ACQUIRED ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE ». International Journal of Innovation Management 24, n^o 05 (5 août 2019) : 2050048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919620500486.

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Emerging markets have achieved important growth through innovation in services and industrial sectors. However, both research and empirical evidence about innovation development is very limited in Latin America. Innovation-based absorption capacity of different companies is one of the main keys to this growth. This empirical study analysed the relationships between absorption capacity and organisational performance (OP) in a sample of 227 firms in Medellin, Colombia. The findings show that enterprises developing the absorption capacity acquired (ACA) may have better probabilities to improve OP. This study argues that companies whose managers motivate their employees to use information within sources from their industry may have higher probabilities to improve organisational profit and growth.

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Contreras-Pacheco, Orlando E., Cyrlene Claasen et Fernando J. Garrigós-Simón. « Understanding decoupling : Untruthful company crisis communication in Latin America ». Intangible Capital 17, n^o 1 (29 juin 2021) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.1775.

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Purpose: This work analyzes how decoupling is used by offending companies in response to environmental crisis incidents in the Latin American context. Ethical implications and its links to legitimacy are considered.Design/methodology/approach: The research relies on a multi-case study approach, where four major environmental incidents involving four natural resource companies in Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina are analyzed. By examining public sources, the crisis communication processes performed by these companies are studied in order to allow for the linking of theory and practice.Findings: Results obtained suggest that, in an attempt to defend their legitimacy, companies deliberately conveyed untruthful messages and decoupled their communication in crisis from reality, resulting in ethical concerns for the practice of both crisis management and crisis communication.Research limitations/implications: By emphasizing the link between legitimacy and communication in crisis scenarios, the study illustrates how decoupling (i.e., untruthful communication practices) can be performed as a crisis management strategy. However, due the constraints of case studies, it is acknowledged that the paper has limitations for generalization.Originality/value: This work identifies four different decoupling-based crisis communication strategies performed by companies, and the way these are accompanied with secondary strategies. Furthermore, by focusing on Latin America, the study reflects the potential impact that the geographical context may have on the company’s crisis communication strategy and ultimately its legitimacy.

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Alcorta, Ludovico, et Wilson Peres. « Innovation systems and technological specialization in Latin America and the Caribbean ». Research Policy 26, n^o 7-8 (avril 1998) : 857–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(97)00067-x.

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Miles, Valerie. « Publishing in Spain and Latin America ». Publishing Research Quarterly 22, n^o 3 (septembre 2006) : 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12109-006-0021-5.

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Garcia Ruiz, Manuel, Alvin Garcia Chaves, Carlos Ruiz Ibañez, Jorge Mario Gutierrez Mazo, Juan Carlos Ramirez Giraldo, Alejandro Pelaez Echavarria, Edison Valencia Diaz et al. « mantisGRID : A Grid Platform for DICOM Medical Images Management in Colombia and Latin America ». Journal of Digital Imaging 24, n^o 2 (3 février 2010) : 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10278-009-9265-x.

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Daza, Germán Sánchez, et Fernando Julio Piñero. « Bolivia : The Construction of an Alternative Science and Technology Policy ». Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 11, n^o 3 (2012) : 414–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914912x651578.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze recent changes in Bolivia’s science and technology policy and contextualize them in the surrounding region. It is recognized that since the 1980s, Latin America initiated a series of changes in its science and technology policies driven by the needs of the economic accumulation regime prevalent and based on new theories of innovation. Policies placed their emphasis on the application of scientific technology in order to boost national competitiveness. During the 1990s, a closer link was established between the neoliberal regime of accumulation, science and technology policies, and the concept of innovation. The outcry from various social movements subsequently demanded a refocus of these policies towards a more regional and social orientation. The emergence of governments more critical of neoliberalism resulted in the need to rethink science and technology policies as shown by the experience of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador. The transitional case of Bolivia is examined here so as to contribute to the larger discussion concerning Latin America’s science and technology policies.

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Carmona Castillo, Susana, et Claudia Puerta Silva. « How do environmental impact assessments fail to prevent social conflict ? Government technologies in a dam project in Colombia ». Journal of Political Ecology 27, n^o 1 (13 décembre 2020) : 1072–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23223.

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We analyze environmental impact assessment (EIA) for infrastructure development projects in Latin America through the case of the "El Cercado" dam on the Rancheria river in La Guajira Province of northern Colombia. We argue that social and environmental conflicts regarding development projects are not only the result of deficient EIA implementation but also of historically established power relations and deep-rooted beliefs concerning the economy and socio-spatial relations, of which EIAs are a constituting and enabling element. We focus on governmentality practices from an ethnographic political ecology perspective to trace how the EIA uses the concept of "areas of influence" as a standardized inclusion/exclusion technique, limited by its static nature and functioning as a legitimizing device for governmental interest to expand neoliberal economies in natural resource-strategic regions. Our analysis aims to understand how EIAs used for infrastructure development projects in Latin America have failed to prevent socio-environmental conflicts. At the same time, we question the notions of "space", "influence", and "affected population" behind EIA practices. We conclude that EIAs are a government technology of neoliberal environmental governance that has the potential to exclude the socio-spatial dynamics of local populations while depoliticizing the interests behind the project. With this article, we contribute to the ethnographic approach to governmentality in the context of infrastructure development projects in Latin America and to the understanding of the role of expert knowledge and technologies of government in neoliberal hydro-politics.Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessment, dam, hydro-politics, government technologies, social conflict

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Jasso, Javier, Maria del Carmen Del Valle et Ismael Núñez. « Innovation and development : a revision of the Latin American thought ». Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 30, n^o 4 (6 novembre 2017) : 444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-09-2016-0249.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the contributions of what has been established as Latin American thought, as science, technology, and innovation (STI) in Latin America have been strongly related to development. Design/methodology/approach The analysis method is based on the review of a group of Latin American and Latinoamericanista (Latin Americanist) authors who were selected on the basis of their contributions to the explanation and proposals of public policy related to STI. The following are some of the questions that guide the analysis. How much has STI in Latin American thought contributed to the development theory? Given the fact that there are other dominant mainstreams, can we say that Latin American thought is still relevant? Findings The main conclusion of this work is that Latin American thought is still applied to current Latin American development discussions. This can be proven by the creation of particular concepts and analytical frameworks such as structural heterogeneity, development styles, authentic and spurious competitiveness, Sabato’s Triangle, the centre-periphery model, and STI policy practices. Originality/value This paper gathered contributions and categorised them into three dimensions: state participation (intensity, composition), industrialisation as the impulse for development, and instruments and public policy actions that can be implemented or have already been implemented.

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DE OLIVEIRA, BERNARDO JEFFERSON. « Science in The Children's Encyclopedia and its appropriation in the twentieth century in Latin America ». BJHS Themes 3 (2018) : 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2018.4.

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AbstractIn the early twentieth century, encyclopedias addressed to children and youths became special reference works concerning science and technology education. In search of greater comprehension of this historical process, I analyse The Children's Encyclopedia’s representation of science and technology, and how it was re-edited by the North American publishing company that bought its copyrights and promoted its circulation in several countries. Furthermore, I examine how its contents were appropriated in its translations into Portuguese and Spanish, which circulated in Latin America in the first half of the twentieth century. The comparison between the different versions reveals that the writings of science and technology are practically the same, with significant changes only in literature and in the approach of historical and geographical themes. I then argue that, even keeping the scientific contents virtually unchanged, these versions of the encyclopedia gave it a new meaning, because of the contexts in which they circulated. Finally, I show how the appropriations of the encyclopedia contributed to the promotion of scientific values and technological innovation as the core development and as a model of civilization for South American nations.

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Foladori, Guillermo. « Nanotechnology Policies in Latin America : Risksto Health and Environment ». NanoEthics 7, n^o 2 (août 2013) : 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11569-013-0178-2.

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Wanderley, Sergio, et Amon Barros. « The Alliance for Progress, modernization theory, and the history of management education : The case of CEPAL in Brazil ». Management Learning 51, n^o 1 (18 septembre 2019) : 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350507619869013.

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We investigate the case of the Economic Commission for Latin America in Brazil to discuss how modernization theory was mobilized to influence management education. The theories formulated by the Economic Commission for Latin America formed the basis of the courses it offered on development administration and management and the public administration schools it helped create. The theories from the Economic Commission for Latin America were contrary to US interests and to the modernization theory tenets developed by US scholars. The Alliance for Progress, launched in 1961 by US President J.F. Kennedy, was a project informed by modernization theory aimed to foster development in Latin America, and to contain the spread of Communism after the Cuban Revolution. The Alliance for Progress mobilized a network of US-controlled institutions that invested in management education and in an interpretation of development administration and management based on modernization theory that confronted the Economic Commission for Latin America. We make use of Burke’s Pentad to articulate the interactions among (asymmetrical) players at different levels of analysis and along the historical period investigated. We treat science as literature, and we present our analysis in a dramatistic narrative to promote reflexive management learning. We show that US-led investment in management education increased considerably after the launch of the Alliance for Progress, and that it lasted throughout the 1960s.

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Adrangi, Bahram, Arjun Chatrath et Todd M. Shank. « Inflation, output and stock prices : evidence from Latin America ». Managerial and Decision Economics 20, n^o 2 (mars 1999) : 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1468(199903)20:2<63 ::aid-mde918>3.0.co;2-u.

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Delgado, Silvana Andrea Figueroa. « Emergent Vulnerability in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America : The Case of Mexico ». Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 11, n^o 3 (2012) : 374–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914912x651541.

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AbstractOver recent decades, Latin America has seen its position in the world order erode. Its share of total world exports has significantly declined. A broad opening to foreign investment has economically depressed many local initiatives, and the region’s economic growth is now largely dependent upon foreign capital. Nevertheless, an incipient trend has become established that reflects a change in preference for foreign capital destinations, shaped by the degree to which a science-technology base is present. This draws attention to the fact that tax facilities, proximity to markets, and cheap labor are insufficient factors to guarantee the cycle of capital, since what stands out is the outgoing transfer of the innovation activity itself. Latin American governments have done little to build an attractive science-technology platform that could allow our countries to join these rapidly growing chains of commodity production. This ultimately suggests that greater exclusion is to be expected. In this article, the case of Mexico is highlighted as an example of these trends.

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Waguespack, David Matthew, Jóhanna Kristín Birnir et Jeff Schroeder. « Technological development and political stability : Patenting in Latin America and the Caribbean ». Research Policy 34, n^o 10 (décembre 2005) : 1570–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.07.006.

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Belli, Simone. « A bibliographic review of articles assessing bi-regional collaborations in science, technology and innovation studies between Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean ». Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 45, n^o 4 (28 septembre 2020) : 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2020.1779485.

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Abioui, Mohamed, Lhassan M’Barki, Mohammed Benssaou, Andrea Di Cencio et Mohamed Dades. « Rogelio Daniel Acevedo and Jesús Martínez Frías (eds.) : Geoethics in Latin America ». Science and Engineering Ethics 25, n^o 5 (7 août 2019) : 1589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00126-y.

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Ortiz Villajos, José M. « A comparative approach to national innovative capacity in the long-run : Spain between Europe and Latin America ». International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development 12, n^o 1 (2020) : 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtlid.2020.10030560.

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Villajos, José M. Ortiz. « A comparative approach to national innovative capacity in the long-run : Spain between Europe and Latin America ». International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development 12, n^o 1 (2020) : 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtlid.2020.108639.

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Jackson, Olivia A. « INFO-SOUTH : Leading the way on the information superhighway to Latin America and the Caribbean ». Publishing Research Quarterly 11, n^o 3 (septembre 1995) : 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02680452.

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Carter, Jackie, Rafael Alberto Méndez-Romero, Pete Jones, Vanessa Higgins et Andre Luiz Silva Samartini. « EmpoderaData : Sharing a successful work-placement data skills training model within Latin America, to develop capacity to deliver the SDGs ». Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2021) : 1009–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-210842.

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EmpoderaData – from the Spanish word empoderar ‘to empower’ – is a partnership research project between the University of Manchester (UK), Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil), Universidad del Rosario (Colombia) and Data-Pop Alliance (US and France). The project builds upon a successful data-driven, research-led paid internship programme in the UK (Q-Step) which enables undergraduate social science students to practise data skills through immersion in the workplace. Two-hundred and fifty students have benefited from the Q-Step programme in six years, many graduating into analytical careers in civic society and industry. EmpoderaData aims to build on this experiential learning initiative by developing a data fellowship programme in order to foster and develop data literacy skills in Latin America, led by the need to address society’s most pressing issues and using the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). EmpoderaData Phase 1 explored whether the internship model would have relevance and usefulness within the context of three Latin American case study countries (Brazil, Colombia and Mexico). The team set out to establish a baseline of the state of data literacy and existing training programs in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. As part of a ‘Big Data for the Common Good’ event, a workshop was held in São Paulo with thirty participants representing data literacy advocacy or policy formation and drawn from civil society, academia, the private and public sector. The main conclusions from this first phase are: (1) the most requested data literacy training need is for basic skills, including introductory statistics, foundation data analysis and methodological skills; (2) paid data fellowship models are acknowledged as a useful intervention; and (3) the notion of a ‘hybrid’ professional to build data literacy capacities for ‘social science’ purposes provides a practical way forward. In the EmpoderaData Phase 2 project our focus was on Colombia to explore the challenges and opportunities of developing a pilot data fellowship model there. Engaging with national, regional and international capacity development efforts, this highlighted a demand for partnerships between universities and organisations working on the social challenges represented by the SDGs. Partnerships ensure that the in-country data literacy pipeline is strengthened in a home-grown, self-sustaining way, producing a steady flow of data literate graduates into the institutions and sectors where critical data skills are most needed. We report on how the EmpoderaData project is exploring working with students studying Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degrees at the Universidad del Rosario, to improve the application of statistical methods to the social sciences. The aim is to strengthen STEM skills and develop youth empowerment across Colombia, urban and rural areas, to improve the quality of statistical education at the national level, and support the skills needed to deliver the SDGs. In parallel, the Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) Business School in São Paulo agreed to trial the work-placement programme in their undergraduate business and public policy degrees through a programme entitled ‘The FGV Q-Step Center to improve quantitative skills in undergraduate business students’. This two-year-long funded study will enable us to explore the transferability of the internship model from the UK to Brazil. The paper will discuss how the programme was established (following the lessons learned from EmpoderaData), explain how this model will be implemented in FGV, especially paying attention to how the curriculum will develop to support it, and how the impact of the programme will be monitored. The knowledge exchange generated from this study will complement the research conducted through the EmpoderaData project. The paper will cover the progress of the EmpoderaData project and FGV-Q-Step Center to date and explore how we are developing these initiatives, the challenges we have faced, and how through partnership working we are developing capacity building in statistical and data skills training.

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Etzkowitz, Henry, et Sandra N. Brisolla. « Failure and success : the fate of industrial policy in Latin America and South East Asia ». Research Policy 28, n^o 4 (avril 1999) : 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(98)00077-8.

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Dodi, Ioana. « FAP ALC-UE’S MODEL OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER EDUCATION, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION ». EUROPOLITY. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN EUROPEAN GOVERNANCE 11, n^o 1 (20 juin 2017) : 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25019/europolity.2017.11.1.03.

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Portuguez Castro, May, Carlos Ross Scheede et Marcela Georgina Gómez Zermeño. « The Impact of Higher Education on Entrepreneurship and the Innovation Ecosystem : A Case Study in Mexico ». Sustainability 11, n^o 20 (11 octobre 2019) : 5597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205597.

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Entrepreneurship is recognized as an engine for the economy. However, Latin America must promote higher opportunities for the creation of new businesses, especially for technology-based ventures. In this sense, the Center for Global Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CGIE) of the University of Texas at Austin offers a Master of Science in Technology Commercialization (MCCT) that prepares students with methodologies to promote the creation of new businesses in Mexico. This study aims to know the contribution of training to the creation of new companies, and its role in the innovation and the technology transfer processes, from the viewpoint of the participants. This research presents a case study that analyzes the impact of the MCCT through the analysis of the data of a survey answered by 109 former students of this center. Findings show that the methodologies developed by the MCCT allow the creation of technology-based enterprises and entrepreneurial skills in students. This study presents good practices that can be emulated by other countries in the region, as well as recognizing the great value the role of higher education in creating synergies between actors of the innovation ecosystem that strengthen social and economic growth.

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Bodas Freitas, Isabel Maria, et Michiko Iizuka. « Openness to international markets and the diffusion of standards compliance in Latin America. A multi level analysis ». Research Policy 41, n^o 1 (février 2012) : 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.08.001.

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Cassiani, Silvia Helena De Bortoli, Alessandra Bassalobre-Garcia et Ludovic Reveiz. « Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage : identification of nursing research priorities in Latin America ». Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 23, n^o 6 (20 octobre 2015) : 1195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.1075.2667.

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Objective: To estabilish a regional list for nursing research priorities in health systems and services in the Region of the Americas based on the concepts of Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage. Method: five-stage consensus process: systematic review of literature; appraisal of resulting questions and topics; ranking of the items by graduate program coordinators; discussion and ranking amongst a forum of researchers and public health leaders; and consultation with the Ministries of Health of the Pan American Health Organization's member states. Results: the resulting list of nursing research priorities consists of 276 study questions/ topics, which are sorted into 14 subcategories distributed into six major categories: 1. Policies and education of nursing human resources; 2. Structure, organization and dynamics of health systems and services; 3. Science, technology, innovation, and information systems in public health; 4. Financing of health systems and services; 5. Health policies, governance, and social control; and 6. Social studies in the health field. Conclusion: the list of nursing research priorities is expected to serve as guidance and support for nursing research on health systems and services across Latin America. Not only researchers, but also Ministries of Health, leaders in public health, and research funding agencies are encouraged to use the results of this list to help inform research-funding decisions.

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Ramírez López, Berenice Patricia. « Latin America’s Domestic Market and the Maintenance of Capitalism ». Latin American Perspectives 45, n^o 2 (27 décembre 2017) : 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17748584.

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Rodolfo Stavenhagen, in his classic essay “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America,” addressed the narrow domestic market, indicating that it was basically a matter of income distribution. It has become clear that the priorities of the Latin American ruling class are focused on the world market rather than the local-national one. During the past 40 years, this class has become more determined to play the role of intermediary, taking its place in the field of trade, commerce, and mainly speculative financial transactions that allow for immediate returns. It does not promote domestic productive investment or the strengthening of education, innovation, or development technology and therefore secure and protected employment. Inequality has increased across the region, along with increasing labor precarity (notably informal employment), and thus the internal market reflects productive and social segmentation and inequality. Rodolfo Stavenhagen en su clásico ensayo acerca de las 7 tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina aborda la cuestión del estrecho mercado interno señalando que es esencialmente una cuestión de distribución del ingreso. Ha quedado claro y más en el periodo neoliberal que la prioridad de la clase dominante latinoamericana está en el mercado mundial, no en lo local-nacional. Queda demostrado que en los últimos cuarenta años ha asumido con más determinación su papel de intermediaria, interesada en situarse en el ámbito del intercambio, del comercio y de las transacciones financieras, principalmente especulativas, que le permitan rentabilidades inmediatas. No promueve en el mercado interno las inversiones productivas ni el fortalecimiento de la educación ni la innovación ni el desarrollo tecnológico y por lo tanto el empleo seguro y protegido. La región muestra que la desigualdad se ha acentuado, que se acompaña de una creciente precarización del empleo, que el empleo informal es lo que más destaca y que por lo tanto el mercado interno expresa la segmentación y desigualdad productiva y social.

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Delgado, Jorge Enrique, et John C. Weidman. « Latin American and Caribbean Countries in the Global Quest for World Class Academic Recognition : An Analysis of Publications in Scopus and the Science Citation Index between 1990 and 2010 ». Excellence in Higher Education 3, n^o 2 (28 décembre 2012) : 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ehe.2012.73.

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The article investigates global participation in academic research productivity through the growth of publications from Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C) in two of the most prestigious bibliographic indexes, Scopus and the Science Citation Index (SCI). Data were obtained from the SCImago Journal and Country Rank and the Iberian-American and Inter-American Network of Science and Technology Indicators databases. Tables were created for the number of citable documents in Scopus, the publications in SCI, and the comparative indicators of the number of publications in SCI from LA&C countries adjusted for number of researchers, full-time researchers, inhabitants, and national research and development (R&D) expenditure. The countries with the highest number of publications since 1990 SCI and 1996 Scopus were Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. Colombia shows the largest growth in research productivity over the periods studied and became in 2010 the country with the fifth highest number of publications in both indexes. Comparative indicators adjusted for numbers of researchers, population and national R&D expenditures do not show clear differences in performance across countries. The article concludes with suggestions for the need to provide greater contextual analysis and including other bibliographic indexes and databases in order to have a fuller understanding of the reasons for particular levels of research productivity across LA&C countries.

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Asprilla-Perea, Jeferson, et Jose Maria Diaz-Puente. « Traditional use of wild edible food in rural territories within tropical forest zones : A case study from the northwestern Colombia ». New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 5, n^o 1 (9 mai 2018) : 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v5i1.3399.

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Traditionally, wild edible food has been important sources of nutrition to human populations in rural territories within tropical forest zones. This study provides new insights on ethnobiological knowledge about the traditional use of wild edible food in rural territories within tropical forest zones in northwestern Colombia. Moreover, this knowledge makes an important contribution to the process of planning accurate and sustainable actions to improve food security. Methods: This study was conducted with 12 rural communities living in places within tropical forest zones in northwestern Colombia (South America) and 153 key informants were interviewed. To estimate the importance of each food for the studied communities, a Smith’s salience index was used. The results are presented in tables with absolute numbers and percentages. Results: Fifty- one food products provided by wild biodiversity were identified, the main ones being fruits, tubers, beef, eggs and fats. Fifty- three percent of them are food of plant origin and 47% of animal origin. These products are consumed either raw or boiled. However, they are also prepared using other cooking techniques. The most important edible foods of plant origin for the studied communities are the Borojo (Alibertia patioi), the Caimito (Pouteria caimito) and the Guayaba Agria (Psidium guajava), while those of animal origin are the Guagua (Cuniculus paca), the Guatin (Dasyprocta punctata) and the Venado (Mazama Americana). Conclusion: For these communities, the importance of wild edible food is not only related to a traditional consumption associated to flavour, hunting practices, cultivation nor their aphrodisiac properties but also relates to income-generating activities for subsistence. These findings suggest that once the food’s nutritional value and sustainable management practices are determined through science, technology and innovation processes, they could also be used as a feasible alternative for planning actions to improve food security in these territories. Keywords: Wild edible food, tropical forest, food security, Colombia.

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Falconí, Fander, et Julio Oleas-Montalvo. « Citizens’ Revolution and International Integration ». Latin American Perspectives 43, n^o 1 (3 avril 2015) : 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x15575693.

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Can a country with an open economy tending toward reprimarization achieve a form of integration into the global economy other than the one determined by Latin America’s historical dependency? Dependency has created trade and technological gaps, among them the one generated by the physical balance (exporting more than is imported). In Ecuador, the Citizens’ Revolution government is attempting to overcome these structural problems by rejecting free-trade agreements and foreign investment that could yield negative balances or threaten national sovereignty. Its new productive model is based on the development of basic industry, the selective replacement of imports, and an intelligent diversification of the exportable supply. The idea is to achieve a society based more on producing services, less dependent on the extraction of natural resources, and with greater generation capacity in science, technology, and innovation. Although the plan faces an adverse international order, it could benefit from the new moment of political and financial integration in Latin America. ¿Puede un país con una economía abierta y una tendencia a la reprimarización lograr una forma de integración en la economía mundial que no esté determinada por la dependencia histórica de Latinoamérica? La dependencia ha creado brechas en el comercio y la tecnología, incluyendo aquella generada por el equilibrio fiscal (exportando más de lo que se importa). En Ecuador, el gobierno de la Revolución Ciudadana intenta superar estos problemas estructurales al rechazar los acuerdos de libre comercio e inversión extranjera que podrían producir saldos negativos o amenazar la soberanía nacional. Su nuevo modelo productivo se basa en el desarrollo de la industria básica, la sustitución selectiva de importaciones, y una inteligente diversificación de la oferta exportable. La idea es lograr una sociedad que se base preponderantemente en la producción de servicios, dependa menos de la extracción de recursos naturales, y tenga mayor capacidad de generación en las áreas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. Aunque el plan se enfrenta a un orden internacional adverso, podría beneficiarse del nuevo momento de integración política y económica en América Latina.

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Robinson, Sarah, et Alexandra Bristow. « Riding populist storms : Brexit, Trumpism and beyond, Special Paper Series Editorial ». Organization 27, n^o 3 (23 mars 2020) : 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508420910576.

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In this editorial, we aim to introduce the diverse set of 21 papers we have curated over the past 2 years, to review their collective contribution to the knowledge base in critical management and organisation studies, and to reflect on how they add to and challenge existing debates within our field. These papers speak about populism in a wide range of voices from multiple perspectives. The geographical reach is wide, with populism discussed in relation to the contexts of India, Latin America, France, the United Kingdom and the United States by authors working in the latter three countries as well as Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sweden and the Netherlands. The papers cross disciplinary and theoretical boundaries, drawing on political science, history, sociology, psychoanalysis and philosophy. Methodolotgical approaches include ethnography, historical narrative, discursive approaches and autoethnography. As such, these papers raise important questions and offer perspectives and ways forward that are in urgent need of attention and discussion by critical management and organisation studies communities, challenging readers’ understandings of populism at macro, meso and micro levels of analysis. Here we tie the whole series together by highlighting emergent themes and identifying future research directions that these papers have opened up.

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Grijalva, Diego F., Mary Lou Ponsetto et Yelitza Pontón. « Does an oil boom promote firms’ R&D expenditure ? Evidence from Ecuador ». Management Research : Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 18, n^o 2 (20 septembre 2019) : 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-11-2018-0889.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the expansionary phase of a business cycle driven by an exogenous commodity price shock (oil) affects R&D expenditures among Ecuadorian firms. Design/methodology/approach Using two rounds of the Ecuadorian National Science, Technology and Innovation Activities Survey (ACTI 2012 and 2015) and a data set on gross value added (GVA) by industry, we run a sample correction model applied to a panel data of 1,023 firms from 2009 to 2014. Findings In deciding whether to invest in R&D, the higher an industry’s GVA, the lower the predicted probability that firms in that industry would invest. Additionally, R&D investments are not procyclical, and there is marginal evidence that they might actually be countercyclical. These findings are consistent with Schumpeter (1939) and Ouyang (2011) and are likely due to an increased opportunity cost of R&D investment during the oil boom. Originality/value In this study, we examine a boom period and not a full business cycle. This boom is driven by an exogenous shock, deviating from much of the current literature, which focuses on endogenously driven business cycles. This paper examines how the oil shock impacted a variety of industries, and not just attractive ones. Additionally, this paper adds to the limited literature around R&D and business cycles in Latin America.

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Nunez-Parra, Alexia, et Maria-Paz Ramos. « Chile’s dilemma : how to reinsert scientists trained abroad ». F1000Research 3 (18 septembre 2014) : 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.5287.1.

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Chile is recognized worldwide as an emergent economy, with a great power in natural resource exploitation. Nonetheless, despite being one of the most developed countries in Latin America, Chile imports most of the knowledge and technology necessary to drive innovation in the country. The tight budget that the Chilean government assigned to research and development and the absence of a long-term scientific agenda contributed to a limited supply of scientists over the years. In an effort to reverse this scenario, Chile has created several fellowships, such as the Becas Chile Program (BCP) to encourage new generations to pursue graduate studies to ultimately advance research and development in situ. More than 6000 fellows are now being trained abroad, accumulating an incredible potential to transform the Chilean scientific environment as we know it. Chile now faces a greater challenge: it has to offer infrastructure and job openings to the highly skilled professionals in whom it invested. Unfortunately no clear public policies to address this situation have been developed, partially due to the lack of a dedicated institution, such as a Ministry for Science and Technology which could focalize the necessary efforts to promote such policies. Therefore, in the meantime, Chilean scientist have been motivated to create different organizations, such as, Mas Ciencia para Chile and Nexos Chile-USA, to promote constructive discussion of the policies that could be implemented to improve the Chilean scientific situation. We hope that these and other organizations have a real impact on the generation of scientific guidelines that will finally contribute to the development of the country.

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de Britto Pires, A. M., F. Lima Cruz Teixeira, H. N. Hastenreiter Filho et S. R. Góes Oliveira. « The challenge of building effective hybrid organizations in Brazil ». Journal on Chain and Network Science 13, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2013) : 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2013.x223.

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Since 1996, Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. – Petrobras, the biggest oil company in Latin America, has been supporting a programme for the design, customization, and implementation of tri-lateral collaborative arrangements called the Centres and Networks of Excellence (CNE) Programme, in areas which are critical to the company's competitiveness. This programme is aligned with the Open Innovation proposal, as it is designed to intensify the inflows and outflows of information and technology, from internal and external sources, in the RD&I activities of the participating organizations. This article presents qualitative research based on the case study of the Centre of Excellence (CE) in Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC), a hybrid organization which brings together oil companies, EPC companies, universities and technical schools, government entities, professional associations and industry bodies, in an effort to make the Brazilian EPC sector related to the oil and gas industry sustainable and competitive worldwide. The principal objective was to investigate the governance elements and managerial mechanisms that support or hinder collaboration among the parties. The work included the identification of collaborative activities within the organization and aspects of trust. Qualitative data was collected by means of in-depth interviews with staff and executive members of the CE-EPC. The case study highlighted the potential of the method to help set up hybrid collaborative initiatives among parties from different institutional spheres. However, the research identified some barriers to the full accomplishment of CNE. A weak culture of collaboration was the greatest difficulty found in the CE-EPC case. The lack of positive previous cooperation experiences together with a lifelong practice of market relations make it hard to get members to focus attention on a new work logic. Yet, despite the high asymmetry among members and the weak network culture, the results indicate that the CE-EPC has accomplished significant positive results in twenty months of operation and that its internal environment is supportive and favours the improvement and consolidation of the organization.

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Almeida Guimarães, Jorge, et Elenara Chaves Edler de Almeida. « Quality assurance of post-graduate education : the case of CAPES, the Brazilian Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education ». Higher Learning Research Communications 2, n^o 3 (24 septembre 2012) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v2i3.78.

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CAPES Foundation, The Brazilian Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education, was created in July 11th, 1951, some few years after the end of World War II, by the initiative of Anísio Teixeira, a pioneer Brazilian educator. At the same time, Alvaro Alberto, another open mind leader pioneer created CNPq, The Brazilian National Research Council. CAPES is linked to the Ministry of Education, and CNPq to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. Since its creation, CAPES has been responsible for the evaluation and financial support of graduate courses at master and doctorate levels, covering the entire Brazilian graduate system including both public and private institutions. The evaluation procedures consist of critical analysis of annual reports of each course and their re-evaluation every third year. The systematic process includes the recognition and approval of new courses proposed by the universities and research centers. A national plan, designed to establish and support training and development of human resources for strengthening science and technology activities in Brazil, was initiated six decades ago. This plan, named PNPG, can be viewed today as a successful program in terms of the significance of its general output. During this period, this program has been consolidated and is functioning only in the departments or other subdivisions of public or private universities and research centers that are officially accredited to offer degrees at one (Master's) or both (Master's and Ph.D.) levels. Since its beginning, in 1951, a substantial investment has been applied to develop this plan. This investment has been worthwhile since S&T activities were institutionalized; many scientific and technological achievements have been made. To reach such advances the existence of an effective system based on a group of multi-funding agencies was an essential additional factor for the attained advances. Highlights of these advances have been stressed out before by a report in the Science journal as "Research in Latin America" (Guimarães, 1995). In this work we present and discuss the current data and status of the Brazilian venture for developing human resources and for the formation of an active community dedicated to Science and Technology (S & T), also giving a general vision of its importance for the present and future development of the country.

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Head, I. L., V. A. Lawson, N. Komninos, L. G. Smith, M. Reed, G. R. McBoyle, A. Blowers et al. « Reviews : North, South and the Environmental Crisis, Viva : Women and Popular Protest in Latin America, Technology in the Gardens : Research Parks and Regional Economic Development, Achieving Environmental Goals : The Concept and Practice of Environmental Performance Review, Radical Ecology : The Search for a Livable World, Climatic Change and the Mediterranean, Innovation and Environmental Risk, Retail Location : A Micro-Scale Perspective, Migration and Residential Mobility : Macro and Micro Approaches, Homes and Health. How Housing and Health Interact, the Industrial Geography of Israel ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 26, n^o 1 (janvier 1994) : 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a260153.

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Asprilla-Perea, Jeferson, José M. Díaz-Puente et Susana Martín-Fernández. « Estimating the potential of wild foods for nutrition and food security planning in tropical areas : Experimentation with a method in Northwestern Colombia ». Ambio, 17 septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01624-9.

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AbstractWild foods contribute to the food security of multiple communities in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. However, wild foods are not regularly considered in the planning of strategies for food and nutrition security mainly due to the lack of technical and/or scientific knowledge so that they can be considered suitable for human consumption. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary method that estimates the potential of wild foods as alternative resources when planning interventions in favour of food and nutrition security in tropical forest territories. When designing the method, four dimensions were identified in science, technology and innovation (STI) that define this potential as well as ten assessment criteria. The wild foods chosen for applying the method were Alibertia patinoi (a fruit commonly known as Borojó) and Proechimys semispinosus (Mouse of thorns), which are two of the main wild foods traditionally used by human communities in a tropical forest territory in the northwest of Colombia. In both cases, although there are significant advances in STI, compliance with some criteria is still required to regard them as viable alternatives for nutrition and food security within this territory. This research is useful for promoting the inclusion of wild food in food security programmes for communities where this food is already included in their traditional pattern of consumption and identifies the progress needed in STI to achieve this purpose. It may also promote the early recognition of possible traditional and cultural practices with high risk of transmission of pathogenic elements by the handling and/or inadequate consumption of wild foods. This early recognition could contribute to the prevention of diseases of wild animal origin, including those of rapid global spread.

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Rodríguez-Peña, Antonio. « Assessing the impact of corporate entrepreneurship in the financial performance of subsidiaries of Colombian business groups : under environmental dynamism moderation ». Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 10, n^o 1 (30 juin 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00152-w.

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AbstractCorporate entrepreneurship creates opportunities in employment, technological advances, value creation, and cultural transformation for entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurs, governments, economies, and society around the globe. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of corporate entrepreneurship on the financial performance of subsidiaries in Colombian business groups under the moderating effect of the environmental dynamism, because the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance in emerging economies must differ from developed economies. Using a cross-sectional structural equation modeling analysis, this study assessed the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and corporate venturing on the firm financial performance of 87 subsidiaries of Colombian business groups at different levels of environmental dynamism. This study also confirms that the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance is context-dependent and that entrepreneurial orientation has a strong and positive causal relationship with corporate venturing. Additionally, subsidiaries of Colombian business groups increase their financial performance when also does the entrepreneurial orientation, and decrease financial performance when so does corporate venturing. Furthermore, the results show that environmental dynamism does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship of subsidiaries in Colombian business groups and their performance. This paper would contribute to important areas in Latin America business, where such studies are scarce.

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Chibás Ortiz, Felipe, Efrain Pantaleón Matamoros, Wânia Torres et Rachel Fischer. « Science, Innovation, Communication and Ethics in the days of COVID-19 in Latin America ». International Review of Information Ethics 30, n^o 1 (31 août 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie431.

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Two renowned Cuban scientists and professors who arrived in Brazil in the last decade of the last century, completed their doctorates at USP and expanded their professional achievements in the country, share in a relaxed way their knowledge and experiences about Science, Technology, Communication and Ethics in the times of COVID-19 in Latin America. One of them from the Exact Sciences area, Efrain Pantaleón Matamoros; and the other from Social Sciences, Felipe Chibás Ortiz. The views of these two Latin American researchers - who have previously written an article together on Innovation Management - now speak of these themes from the perspectives of different sciences, in an enriching way – relevant to the context of the ‘new-normal’ during the times of Covid-19. This article, presented as an interview, reflects on what these two experts have to say about Science, Technology, Innovation, Communication and Ethics in the days of COVID-19 in Latin America, from their unique perspectives.

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Snoeck, Michele, Judith Sutz, Claudia Cohanoff et Natalia Grass. « Social Sciences Research and Science, Technology and Innovation Policy-Making in Latin America : A Nexus Perception Study ». SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2178755.

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« H2O Innovation strengthens its position in Latin America and increases its focus on water reuse in North America ». Membrane Technology 2021, n^o 6 (juin 2021) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-2118(21)00080-x.

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da Silva, Renan Gonçalves Leonel, Gabriela Gomes Coelho Ferreira, Janina Onuki et Amâncio Jorge Nunes de Oliveira. « The Institutional Building of Science and Innovation Diplomacy in Latin America : Toward a Comprehensive Analytical Typology ». Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics 6 (27 avril 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frma.2021.654358.

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Science and Innovation Diplomacy (S&ID) has emerged in recent years as a relevant scholarly movement and interdisciplinary research agenda internationally. This field is promoting a significant impact on the understanding of the cultural and political dynamics of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I), implementing initiatives from local to global level. Notwithstanding, S&ID is growing asymmetrically around the world, setting up over a particular configuration in the so-called Global South (GS) societies. In Latin America (LA), although S&ID is a recent, unequal and intra-nationally fragmented process, there are important achievements that have been able to create a favorable mix of approaches, agendas, and practices in this field. Addressing the scope of the special issue “Science Diplomacy and Sustainable Development: Perspectives from Latin America,” this article aims to present a comprehensive analytical typology to the study of the emerging experiences of S&ID in LA, catching the diversity of this research agenda. This is a qualitative merged method-based study, sustained by a literature review, documentary research, online data analysis, and typology building. We understand S&ID in LA as a tentative re-organization of different states and subnational actors around the study and institutionalization of the governance of contemporary transformations on the systems of ST&I.

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Sanchez-Riofrio, Angelica M., Nathaniel C. Lupton et John Gabriel Rodríguez-Vásquez. « Does market digitalization always benefit firms ? The Latin American case ». Management Decision ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (23 août 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2021-0117.

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PurposePrior research has found that firms' adoption of digital technologies (i.e. digitalization) enhances transaction efficiency and improves firm performance. However, this finding is based on the assumption that firms respond to consumers' adoption of digital technology (market digitalization) in a timely fashion. The study investigates the impact of market digitalization on firm performance in Latin America, where resistance to change is often higher, despite the positive impact on performance when companies respond to the environmental shock of digitalization by restructuring.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from seven Latin American countries from 1997 to 2018 (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and Mexico), fixed-effects panel regression robustly supports the results.FindingsMost Latin American firms fail to capitalize on the benefits of market digitalization, and their performance declines as a result. The authors extend research on digitalization by incorporating theoretical insights from the restructuring literature, finding that implementing a substantial restructuring strategy is a viable way to overcome market digitalization.Originality/valueThe authors demonstrate that the digitalization–firm performance relationship is more complex than has been described in studies using samples from developed economies. The authors establish restructuring as an effective adaptation strategy in Latin America, although the institutional environment's characteristics may constrain or discourage firms from adopting it.

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Soler, Marga Gual. « Science Diplomacy in Latin America and the Caribbean : Current Landscape, Challenges, and Future Perspectives ». Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics 6 (17 juin 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frma.2021.670001.

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Science, technology, and innovation are taking center stage in international affairs and increasingly influencing the geopolitical dynamics and a country's standing on the global stage. New scientific and technological advancements are acquiring greater strategic relevance to ensure competitive advantages in the twenty-first century global order. At the same time, international scientific collaboration contributes to generating and democratizing knowledge and improving relations between countries as a “soft power” tool to coordinate science-based solutions to transboundary problems, and to build bridges between countries with tense diplomatic relations. Science diplomacy is not a new concept, but most of its intellectual foundations and practical applications have emerged in the Global North. This article describes the diverse approaches, policies and practices adopted by Latin American and Caribbean countries at the national, sub-national, and regional levels. It analyzes their successes and challenges and identifies opportunities to guide the region toward a common science diplomacy strategy to achieve sustainable development through incorporating science as a permanent element in the foreign policy toolkit of Latin American nations. By documenting and illuminating best practices in the region, this article also seeks to balance the emphasis that has so far been largely concentrated on the regions of Europe and North America and contribute to future efforts and strategies for the development of sustainable science diplomacy mechanisms at the national, regional, North-South and South-South levels.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Science technology and innovation ; Colombia ; Latin America »

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