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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Seismic swarms »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 19 juillet 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Seismic swarms"

Passarelli, Luigi, Paul Antony Selvadurai, Eleonora Rivalta et Sigurjón Jónsson. « The source scaling and seismic productivity of slow slip transients ». Science Advances 7, n^o 32 (août 2021) : eabg9718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg9718.

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Slow slip events (SSEs) represent a slow faulting process leading to aseismic strain release often accompanied by seismic tremor or earthquake swarms. The larger SSEs last longer and are often associated with intense and energetic tremor activity, suggesting that aseismic slip controls tremor genesis. A similar pattern has been observed for SSEs that trigger earthquake swarms, although no comparative studies exist on the source parameters of SSEs and tremor or earthquake swarms. We analyze the source scaling of SSEs and associated tremor- or swarm-like seismicity through our newly compiled dataset. We find a correlation between the aseismic and seismic moment release indicating that the shallower SSEs produce larger seismic moment release than deeper SSEs. The scaling may arise from the heterogeneous frictional and rheological properties of faults prone to SSEs and is mainly controlled by temperature. Our results indicate that similar physical phenomena govern tremor and earthquake swarms during SSEs.

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Gambino, Salvatore, et Giovanni Distefano. « Intrusive Seismic Swarms as Possible Precursors of Destructive Earthquakes on Mt. Etna’s Eastern Flank ». International Journal of Geophysics 2022 (7 février 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8565536.

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The Timpe Fault System (TFS) represents the source of shallow earthquakes that strike numerous towns and villages on Mt. Etna’s eastern flank. In the last 40 years, three destructive seismic events reached I 0 = VIII EMS (heavily damaging) in 1984 (October 25), 2002 (October 29), and 2018 (December 26). These events followed a few days after the occurrence of strong seismic swarms and the sudden acceleration of the eastern flank seaward. The damaging seismic events in 2002 and 2018 were associated with dike intrusions and eruptions of the volcano; however, no eruptive activity was observed at the time of the 1984 earthquakes. In this study, we investigate seismic parameters for the 1984 sequence, in order to interpret the seismicity in terms of volcanic activity. Parameters such as localization, cumulative seismic moment, and hourly occurrence frequency of the 1984 seismic swarm have been analysed and shown to have typical values of Mt. Etna’s intrusive seismic swarms. This suggests that the 1984 episode may have been an aborted intrusive magma episode that triggered similar processes (long and powerful intrusions with acceleration of the eastern flank movement and destructive earthquakes), as in 2002 and 2018. These three episodes suggest that an evaluation of some seismic parameters during future intrusive swarms may furnish indications of a possible reactivation of the TFS.

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Magee, Craig, et Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson. « Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia ». Solid Earth 11, n^o 2 (22 avril 2020) : 579–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-579-2020.

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Abstract. Dyke swarms are common on Earth and other planetary bodies, comprising arrays of dykes that can extend laterally for tens to thousands of kilometres. The vast extent of such dyke swarms, and their presumed rapid emplacement, means they can significantly influence a variety of planetary processes, including continental break-up, crustal extension, resource accumulation, and volcanism. Determining the mechanisms driving dyke swarm emplacement is thus critical to a range of Earth Science disciplines. However, unravelling dyke swarm emplacement mechanics relies on constraining their 3D structure, which is difficult given we typically cannot access their subsurface geometry at a sufficiently high enough resolution. Here we use high-quality seismic reflection data to identify and examine the 3D geometry of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, and associated structures (i.e. dyke-induced normal faults and pit craters). Dykes are expressed in our seismic reflection data as ∼335–68 m wide, vertical zones of disruption (VZD), in which stratal reflections are dimmed and/or deflected from sub-horizontal. Borehole data reveal one ∼130 m wide VZD corresponds to an ∼18 m thick, mafic dyke, highlighting that the true geometry of the inferred dykes may not be fully captured by their seismic expression. The Late Jurassic dyke swarm is located on the Gascoyne Margin, offshore NW Australia, and contains numerous dykes that extend laterally for > 170 km, potentially up to > 500 km, with spacings typically < 10 km. Although limitations in data quality and resolution restrict mapping of the dykes at depth, our data show that they likely have heights of at least 3.5 km. The mapped dykes are distributed radially across a ∼39∘ wide arc centred on the Cuvier Margin; we infer that this focal area marks the source of the dyke swarm. We demonstrate that seismic reflection data provide unique opportunities to map and quantify dyke swarms in 3D. Because of this, we can now (i) recognise dyke swarms across continental margins worldwide and incorporate them into models of basin evolution and fluid flow, (ii) test previous models and hypotheses concerning the 3D structure of dyke swarms, (iii) reveal how dyke-induced normal faults and pit craters relate to dyking, and (iv) unravel how dyking translates into surface deformation.

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Horálek, Josef, et Tomás Fischer. « Intraplate earthquake swarms in West Bohemia/Vogtland (Central Europe) ». Jökull 60, n^o 1 (15 décembre 2010) : 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2010.60.067.

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West Bohemia (Czech Republic) and Vogtland (Germany) are among the most active intraplate earthquake-swarm areas in Europe with the largest events mostly of magnitudes $M_L$ \< 4.0. The principal char-acteristics of the West Bohemia/Vogtland earthquake swarms are derived on the basis of local observations from the network WEBNET during the period between 1991 and 2009. Swarm microearthquakes clustered in number of small focal areas; however, about 90\% of the total seismic moment was released in the Nový Kostel (NK) focal zone, which was formed by an NNW striking and steeply dipping fault plane. The focal depths ranged between 5 and 22 km in the whole region and between 4.5 and 11 km in the NK zone, while most of the swarm events clustered at depths from 8.5 to 9.5 km. All larger earthquake swarms took place in the NK zone; though they were located close, they differed significantly in their evolution. Two swarms, the 2000 ($M_L$ ≤ 3.3) and 2008 ($M_L$ ≤ 3.8) swarms were located on the same portion of the NK focal zone which implies reactivation of the same fault segment. Attention was paid to source mechanisms of the 1997 and 2000 swarms, particularly to the non-shear components in the 1997-swarm earthquakes. All the 1997 sources were of dipole character: the slightly compressive dipoles dominating in the first swarm phase were replaced by tensile dipoles in the second phase. On the contrary, the 2000 swarm events possessed pure double-couple sources which resulted in pure shears along the NK fault. We infer that the pure-shear rupturing in the 2000 swarm was on account of the favourably oriented NK fault plane with respect to the local tectonic stress field whereas the additional tensile forces were needed for rupturing due to the unfavourably oriented 1997-swarm fault segments. Further, we analyzed statistic characteristics and we show that the magnitude-frequency distribution with the b-value ≈ 1.0 is typical for the West Bohemia/Vogtland earthquake swarms and that scalar moments $M_0$ and the WEBNET magnitudes $M_L$ are related according to power-law $M_0$ ∝ 10$^{M_L}$, which is inconsistent with the definition of the moment magnitude $M_0$ ∝ 10$^{1.5 M_w}$ given by Kanamori (1977). We also show that this inconsistency results in a discrepancy in b-value of the magnitude-frequency distribution. Taking into account total seismic moment of the 2000 and 2008 swarms we infer that $M_{L_{MAX}}$ ∼ 5.0 to 5.3 is the maximum expected magnitude in the main NK focal zone and thus in the whole region. There is still an open question concerning the internal and external triggering of the West Bohemia/Vogtland earthquake swarms. We refer to the results of our recent study and infer that the earthquake swarm probably represents gradually propagating rupture along the fault and that both static and dynamic Coulomb stress changes along the fault plane due to co-seismic slip contribute significantly to triggering of the swarm events. Repeatedly observed almost simultaneous occurrence of seismic activity in different focal zones suggests that common triggering forces act in a broader area of West Bohemia/Vogtland.

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Sycheva, N. A., et L. M. Bogomolov. « Modified data on geoeffective solar flares and seismic noise variations ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 929, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/929/1/012033.

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Abstract The problem of the relationship between strong magnetic swarms caused by solar flares and variations in seismicity is considered. The data on the temporal dependences of the parameters of seismic noise (average level, and standard deviation, RMS) recorded by the stations of the KNET seismic network have been used as the output data of monitoring the territory of the Bishkek geodynamic proving ground (Northern Tien Shan). The signatures of the influence of a magnetic swarm that occurred after an ultra-strong solar flare on September 6, 2017 have been established. The results obtained on the increase in seismic noise after this super-strong eruptive event are consistent with the results of studies on the influence of magnetic swarms on changes in regional seismicity.

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Ingale, Vaibhav Vijay, Sara Bazin et Jean-Yves Royer. « Hydroacoustic Observations of Two Contrasted Seismic Swarms along the Southwest Indian Ridge in 2018 ». Geosciences 11, n^o 6 (24 mai 2021) : 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11060225.

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In 2018, two earthquake swarms occurred along spreading ridge segments of the ultra-slow Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The first swarm was located at the spreading-ridge intersection with the Novara Fracture Zone, comprising 231 events (ISC catalogue) and spanning over 6 days (10 July to 15 July). The second swarm was more of a cluster of events focusing near a discontinuity, 220 km west of the Rodrigues Triple Junction, composed of 92 events and spanning over 31 days (27 September to 27 October). We examined these two swarms using hydroacoustic records from the OHASISBIO network with seven to nine autonomous hydrophones moored on either side of the SWIR. We detected 1109 hydroacoustic events spanning over 13 days (6 July to 18 July) in the first swarm and 4880 events spanning over 33 days in the second swarm (25 September to 27 October). The number of events per day was larger, and the hydroacoustic magnitude (source level) was, on average, smaller during the second swarm than the first. The spatio-temporal distribution of events from both swarms indicates a magmatic origin initiated by dike intrusions and followed by a readjustment of stresses in the surrounding crust.

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Grocholski, Brent. « Seismic swarms show the structure ». Science 368, n^o 6497 (18 juin 2020) : 1324.1–1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6497.1324-a.

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Bellucci Sessa, Eliana, Mario Castellano et Patrizia Ricciolino. « GIS applications in volcano monitoring : the study of seismic swarms at the Campi Flegrei volcanic complex, Italy ». Advances in Geosciences 52 (23 février 2021) : 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-52-131-2021.

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Abstract. Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy) is one of the most hazardous volcanic complexes in the world since it is located inside the densely inhabited urban district of Naples-Pozzuoli. In the past, the caldera has produced devastating to moderate eruptions and periodically undergoes from strong to minor uplift episodes, named “bradyseism”, almost always accompanied by seismic swarms. Starting from 2005 Campi Flegrei has undergone an unrest crisis, characterized by ground uplift, localized gas emissions and seismicity, often occurring in seismic swarms. As a consequence, the monitoring activities have been progressively increasing, producing a huge amount of data, difficult to manage and match. GIS (Geographical Information System) represents a potent tool to manage great quantity of data, coming from different disciplines. In this study, we show two GIS technology applications to the seismic catalogue of Campi Flegrei. In the first one, a high-quality dataset is extracted from the GeoDatabase addressed to seismological studies that require high precision earthquake locations. In the second application, GIS are used to extract, visualize and analyse the typical seismic swarms of Campi Flegrei. Moreover, density and seismic moment distribution maps were generated for these swarms. In the last application, the GIS allow to highlight a clear variation in the temporal trend of the seismic swarms at Campi Flegrei.

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Liu, Yajing, Jeffrey J. McGuire et Mark D. Behn. « Aseismic transient slip on the Gofar transform fault, East Pacific Rise ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n^o 19 (28 avril 2020) : 10188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913625117.

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Oceanic transform faults display a unique combination of seismic and aseismic slip behavior, including a large globally averaged seismic deficit, and the local occurrence of repeating magnitude (M) ∼6 earthquakes with abundant foreshocks and seismic swarms, as on the Gofar transform of the East Pacific Rise and the Blanco Ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean. However, the underlying mechanisms that govern the partitioning between seismic and aseismic slip and their interaction remain unclear. Here we present a numerical modeling study of earthquake sequences and aseismic transient slip on oceanic transform faults. In the model, strong dilatancy strengthening, supported by seismic imaging that indicates enhanced fluid-filled porosity and possible hydrothermal circulation down to the brittle–ductile transition, effectively stabilizes along-strike seismic rupture propagation and results in rupture barriers where aseismic transients arise episodically. The modeled slow slip migrates along the barrier zones at speeds ∼10 to 600 m/h, spatiotemporally correlated with the observed migration of seismic swarms on the Gofar transform. Our model thus suggests the possible prevalence of episodic aseismic transients in M ∼6 rupture barrier zones that host active swarms on oceanic transform faults and provides candidates for future seafloor geodesy experiments to verify the relation between aseismic fault slip, earthquake swarms, and fault zone hydromechanical properties.

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Eyre, Thomas S., Megan Zecevic, Rebecca O. Salvage et David W. Eaton. « A Long-Lived Swarm of Hydraulic Fracturing-Induced Seismicity Provides Evidence for Aseismic Slip ». Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, n^o 5 (14 juillet 2020) : 2205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120200107.

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ABSTRACT Seismic swarms are defined as an increase in seismicity that does not show a clear mainshock–aftershock sequence. Typically, swarms are primarily associated with either fluid migration or slow earthquakes (aseismic slip). In this study, we analyze a swarm induced by hydraulic fracturing (HF) that persisted for an unusually long duration of more than 10 months. Swarms ascribed to fluid injection are usually characterized by an expanding seismicity front; in this case, however, characteristics such as a relatively steady seismicity rate over time and lack of hypocenter migration cannot be readily explained by a fluid-diffusion model. Here, we show that a different model for HF-induced seismicity, wherein an unstable region of a fault is loaded by proximal, pore-pressure-driven aseismic slip, better explains our observations. According to this model, the steady seismicity rate can be explained by a steady slip velocity, while the spatial stationarity of the event distribution is due to lateral confinement of the creeping region of the fault with increased pore pressure. Our results may have important implications for other induced or natural seismic swarms, which could be similarly explained by aseismic loading of asperities driven by fluid overpressure rather than the often-attributed fluid-migration model.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Seismic swarms"

Minetto, Riccardo. « Essaims sismiques : comparaison des séismes naturels et induits ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALU009.

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Une séquence sismique est un ensemble de tremblements de terre qui se produisent avec une grande proximité spatiale et temporelle. Un essaim de séisme est un type de séquence sismique caractérisé par des tremblements de terre dont la localisation change au cours du temps et qui n’est pas dominé par un seul grand tremblement de terre.Dans cette thèse, j'étudie l'évolution spatio-temporelle d'essaims sismiques naturels et induits dans le but d'identifier les processus physiques qui les produisent et de caractériser les propriétés des systèmes de failles activés. Plus spécifiquement, je me concentre sur trois aspects clés de l'activité sismique : l'évolution temporelle du taux de sismicité, la localisation des séismes et la distribution des magnitudes. L'étude se concentre sur deux essaims sismiques. Le premier, d'origine naturelle, s'est produit dans la vallée de la Maurienne (Alpes françaises) entre 2017 et 2019, tandis que le second a été induit par des opérations de fracturation hydraulique à Preston New Road, au Royaume-Uni, en 2019. Pour assurer une analyse à haute résolution de ces séquences, j'ai d'abord créé des catalogues améliorés qui intègrent de nombreux événements nouvellement détectés ainsi que des magnitudes et des localisations plus précises.La migration des séismes pendant l'essaim de Maurienne suggère que cette séquence a pu être activée par une combinaison de multiples diffusions de fluides à haute pression et d'interactions entre séismes. De plus, la proportion de petits et grands événements (paramètre b de la loi de Gutenberg-Richter) varie dans l'espace, et ce changement peut être lié à la dimension des failles actives.En plus de l'étude de l'activité sismique, j'ai appliqué l'interférométrie du bruit sismique ambiant pour évaluer si les changements de contraintes pendant l'essaim ont créé des variations détectables de la vitesse des ondes sismiques. Les changements de vitesse semblent être principalement influencés par un processus saisonnier probablement lié aux variations de pression interstitielle dues aux précipitations. Cependant, pendant la période principale d'activité sismique, ces changements ont pu être amplifiées par les secousses du sol résultant de l'occurrence prolongée de séismes.La séquence de Preston New Road est caractérisée par un taux de sismicité et une distribution des magnitudes qui évoluent progressivement au fur et à mesure que les fluides sont injectés de manière répétée et que le volume de la zone sismogénique grandit. Ceci suggère que l'activité sismique au cours d'une phase d'injection dépend de l'historique des phases précédentes.Les séquences de Maurienne et de Preston New Road ne sont que deux exemples du phénomène plus large des essaims sismiques et induits. Néanmoins, ces deux séquences illustrent le fait que les essaims induits et naturels peuvent présenter des propriétés similaires dans leur évolution spatio-temporelle, comme la migration des séismes et la dépendance de la valeur de b à l'échelle du système de failles. Cela souligne la possibilité d'appliquer les connaissances acquises lors de l'étude d'un type d'essaim pour améliorer notre compréhension de l'autre
A seismic sequence is a cluster of earthquakes that occur in close spatial and temporal proximity. One type of seismic sequence is a seismic swarm, which is typically characterized by earthquakes whose location changes over time and by the absence of a single, dominant, large earthquake.In this thesis, I investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of natural and induced seismic swarms with the aim of identifying the physical processes that drive them and characterizing the properties of the activated fault systems. More specifically, I focus on three key aspects of the seismic activity: temporal evolution of the seismicity rate, earthquake location and frequency-magnitude distribution. The study focuses on two seismic swarms. The first one, of natural origin, occurred in the Maurienne valley (French Alps) between 2017 and 2019, while the second one was induced by hydraulic fracturing operations at Preston New Road, UK, in 2019. To ensure a high-resolution analysis of these sequences, I first created improved catalogs, which incorporate newly detected events and more accurate magnitudes and hypocenter locations.The migration of earthquakes during the Maurienne swarm suggests that this sequence may have been triggered by a combination of multiple pulses of high-pressure fluids and earthquake-to-earthquake interactions. Additionally, the proportion of small and large events (i.e., the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter law) varies in space, and this change may be linked to the size of the active fault systems.In addition to the study of the seismic activity, I applied ambient noise interferometry to assess if stress changes during the Maurienne swarm produced detectable variations in seismic wave velocity. The velocity changes appear to be primarily influenced by a seasonal process possibly related to pore pressure variations due to rainfall. However, during the main period of seismic activity, such changes may also be accentuated by the continuous ground shaking resulting from the prolonged occurrence of earthquakes.The Preston New Road sequence is characterized by a seismicity rate and a frequency-magnitude distribution that gradually evolve as fluids are repeatedly injected and the seismogenic volume expands in size. This suggests that the seismic activity during an injection stage depends on the injection history of past stages.The Maurienne and Preston New Road sequences are just two examples of the broader phenomenon of seismic and induced swarms. Nonetheless, these two sequences illustrate that induced and natural swarms can exhibit similar patterns in their spatio-temporal evolution, such as earthquake migration and the dependence of the b-value on the scale of the fault system. This emphasizes the potential of applying the knowledge gained from studying one type of swarm to improve our understanding of the other

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Rößler, Dirk, Stephan Hiemer, Christoph Bach, Elise Delavaud, Frank Krüger, Matthias Ohrnberger, David Sauer, Frank Scherbaum et Daniel Vollmer. « Small-aperture seismic array monitors Vogtland earthquake swarm in 2008/09 ». Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2918/.

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The most recent intense earthquake swarm in the Vogtland lasted from 6 October 2008 until January 2009. Greatest magnitudes exceeded M3.5 several times in October making it the greatest swarm since 1985/86. In contrast to the swarms in 1985 and 2000, seismic moment release was concentrated near swarm onset. Focal area and temporal evolution are similar to the swarm in 2000. Work hypothysis: uprising upper-mantle fluids trigger swarm earthquakes at low stress level. To monitor the seismicity, the University of Potsdam operated a small aperture seismic array at 10 km epicentral distance between 18 October 2008 and 18 March 2009. Consisting of 12 seismic stations and 3 additional microphones, the array is capable of detecting earthquakes from larger to very low magnitudes (M<-1) as well as associated air waves. We use array techniques to determine properties of the incoming wavefield: noise, direct P and S waves, and converted phases.

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Adiya, Munkhsaikhan. « Seismic activity near Ulannbaatar : implication for seismic hazard assessment ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH007/document.

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On observe depuis 2005 une sismicité intense à 10 km d'Oulan Bator ce qui a permis d'identifier une faille active, Emeelt, sur le terrain. Après le calcule d'un modèle de vitesse 3D, j'ai appliqué la tomographie double différence pour obtenir une localisation précise des séismes. Ils marquent au moins trois branches parallèles orientées N147° comme la faille vue en surface. L'activité sur la faille principale d'Emeelt (MEF) s’étend sur 15 km, les branches Ouest et Est, moins actives, sur 10 km. La profondeur de l'activité s'étend entre 4 et 15 km. L'activité sismique semble concentrée à l'intersection avec des failles Mésozoïques et les contrastes Vs/Vs suggèrent la présence de fluides. Les 10 essaims identifiés montrent une activité croissante et une migration spatiale avec le temps. Le calcul de 2 scénarios possibles, un M ~ 6.4 et un M ~ 7, indique un important impact sur la ville d'Oulan Bator, avec une intensité minimum de VIII et localement IX pour M=6.4 et X pour M=7
We observe since 2005 a high seismic activity at 10 km from Ulaanbaatar that allowed us to identify a new active fault, Emeelt, in the field. After computing a 3D velocity model, I applied Double-Difference tomography to obtain a precise localization of earthquakes. They trace at least three parallel branches oriented N147° like the fault seen at surface. The seismic activity on the Main Emeelt Fault (MEF) is along at least 15 km, on the West and East branches, less active, along 10 km. The depth of the seismicity extends between 4 and 15 km. The activity seems concentrated at the intersection with Mesozoic faults and Vp/Vs contrast suggests the presence of fluids. The 10 swarms identified show an increasing activity and a spatial migration with time. The calculation of 2 possible scenarios, one M ~ 6.4 and one M ~ 7, shows an important impact on Ulaanbaatar, with a minimum intensity of VIII and IX for M=6.4 and X for M=7

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Kilgore, Wayne Walter. « Seismic and Geodetic Investigation of the 1996-1998 Earthquake Swarm at Strandline Lake, Alaska ». Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1681.

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Microearthquake (< M3.0) swarms occur frequently in volcanic environments, but do not always culminate in an eruption. Such non-eruptive swarms may be caused by stresses induced by magma intrusion, hydrothermal fluid circulation, or regional tectonic processes, such as slow-slip earthquakes. Strandline Lake, located 30 km northeast of Mount Spurr volcano in south-central Alaska, experienced an intense earthquake swarm between August 1996 and August 1998. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) catalog indicates that a total of 2,999 earthquakes were detected during the swarm period, with a maximum magnitude of Mw 3.1 and a depth range of 0-30 km below sea level (with the majority of catalog hypocenters located between 5-10 km BSL). The cumulative seismic moment of the swarm was 2.03e15 N-m, equivalent to a cumulative magnitude of Mw 4.2. Because of the swarm's distance from the nearest Holocene volcanic vent, seismic monitoring was poor and gas and GPS data do not exist for the swarm period. However, combined waveforms from a dense seismic network on Mount Spurr and from several regional seismic stations allow reanalysis of the swarm earthquakes. I first developed a new 1-D velocity model for the Strandline Lake region by re-picking and inverting precise arrival times for 27 large Strandline Lake earthquakes. The new velocity model reduced the average RMS for these earthquakes from 0.16 to 0.11s, and the average horizontal and vertical location errors from 3.3 to 2.5 km and 4.7 to 3.0 km, respectively. Depths of the 27 earthquakes ranged from 10.5 to 22.1 km with an average depth of 16.6 km. A moderately high b-value of 1.33 was determined for the swarm period, possibly indicative of magmatic activity. However, a similarly high b-value of 1.25 was calculated for the background period. 28 well-constrained fault plane solutions for both swarm and background earthquakes indicate a diverse mixture of strike-slip, dip-slip, and reverse faulting beneath Strandline Lake. Finally, five Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images spanning the swarm period unambiguously show no evidence of surface deformation. While a shallow volcanic intrusion appears to be an unlikely cause of the Strandline Lake swarm based on the new well-constrained earthquake depths and the absence of strong surface deformation, the depth range of 10.5 to 22.1 km BSL for relocated earthquakes and the high degree of FPS heterogeneity for this swarm are similar to an earthquake swarm beneath Lake Tahoe, California in 2003 caused by a deep intrusion near the base of the crust (Smith et al, 2004). This similarity suggests that a deep crustal magmatic intrusion could have occurred beneath the Strandline Lake area in 1996-1998 and may have been responsible for the resulting microearthquake activity.

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Rößler, Dirk, Frank Krüger, Georg Rümpker et Ivan Psencik. « Tensile source components of swarm events in West Bohemia in 2000 by considering seismic anisotropy ». Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1297/.

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Earthquake swarms occur frequently in West Bohemia, Central Europe. Their occurrence is correlated with and propably triggered by fluids that escape on the earth's surface near the epicentres. These fluids raise up periodically from a seemingbly deep-seated source in the upper mantle. Moment tensors for swarm events in 1997 indicate tensile faulting. However, they were determined under assumption of seismic isotropy although anisotropy can be observed. Anisotropy may obscure moment tensors and their interpretation. In 2000, more than 10,000 swarm earthquakes occurred near Novy Kostel, West Bohemia. Event triggering by fluid injection is likely. Activity lasted from 28/08 until 31/12/00 (9 phases) with maximum ML=3.2. High quality P-wave seismograms were used to retrieve the source mechanisms for 112 events between 28/08/00 and 30/10/00 using > 20 stations. We determine the source geometry using a new algorithm and different velocity models including anisotropy. From inversions of P waves we observe ML<3.2, strike-slip events on steep N-S oriented faults with additional normal or reverse components. Tensile components seem to be evident for more than 60% of the processed swarm events in West Bohemia during the phases 1-7. Being most significant at great depths and at phases 1-4 during the swarm they are time and location dependent. Although tensile components are reduced when anisotropy is assumed they persist and seem to be important. They can be explained by pore-pressure changes due to the injection of fluids that raise up. Our findings agree with other observations e.g. correlation of fluid transport and seismicity, variations in b-value, forcing rate, and in pore pressure diffusion. Tests of our results show their significance.

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Geissler, Wolfram H. « Seismic and petrological investigations of the lithosphere in the Swarm-Earthquake and CO2 degassing region Vogtland, NW-Bohemia ». Potsdam : Geoforschungszentrum, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975153234.

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Aden-Antoniów, Florent. « Etude des propriétés mécaniques et de la déformation transitoire dans les zones de subduction à partir de l'analyse de l'activité sismique, le cas du Chili ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/ADEN_Florent_2_complete_20190111_2.pdf.

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Les zones de subduction sont les endroits les plus sismiquement actifs du monde et sont également le siège de méga-tremblement de Terre comme celui qui frappa le Chili en 1960 d’une magnitude estimée à 9.5. Les dernières grandes ruptures ayant frappées le Chili ont permis de mettre en évidence des intéractions sismiques-asismiques complexes. Afin d’étudier ces interactions nous nous sommes penchés sur deux crises sismiques : l’essaim sismique d’Avril 2017 ; la phase préparatoire du séisme d’Iquique (M w 8.1) du 1er Avril 2014. L’essaim sismique qui pris place près de la ville de Valparaiso dans une région connue pour avoir eu l’expérience de très grands séismes par le passé en 1730 et en 1906 notamment. Dans le but d’étudier la dynamique de cet essaim nous avons construit un catalogue riche de plus de 2000 séisme composant la séquence. Une activité sismique intense commença deux jours avec le séisme principal de la séquence M w 6.9 et fut accompagné par un glissement progressif le long de l’interface que nous avons observé à la fois dans les données GPS mais également à l’aide de repeaters. Enfin, un séisme de magnitude 8,2, survenu le 1er avril 2014 près de la ville de Iquique, a rompu un tiers de la lacune sismique au nord du Chili. Cet séisme a été précédé d’une séquence d’essaims sismiques précurseurs qui semblent avoir été également accompagnés par des glissements stables de l’interface de subduction. A l’aide d’un catalogue de séisme plus complet, nous avons pu analyser finement la préparation du séisme d’Iquique. Nous mettons en évidence, à travers une approche statistique, l’apparition d’une quiescence sismique dans la région du choc principale. Nous lions cette quiescence à un glissement asismique profond potentiellement relié à la circulation de fluide sous pression le long de l’interface de subduction
The subduction zones are the most seismically active places in the world and are also the seat of megathrust-earthquakes such as the one that stroke Chile in 1960 with a magnitude estimated at 9.5. The last major ruptures in Chile have revealed complex seismic-aseismic interactions. In order to study these interactions, we investigated on at two seismic crises: the seismic swarm of April 2017; the preparatory phase of the Iquique earthquake (M w 8.1) from April 1 st , 2014. The seismic swarm took place near the city of Valparaiso in an area known to have experienced mega-earthquakes in the past: in 1730 and in 1906. In order to study the dynamics of this swarm we have built a rich catalog of more than 2000 earthquakes composing the sequence. An intense seismic activity began on April 22 nd , two days before the main earthquake of the sequence M w 6.9 and was accompanied by a gradual slip along the interface that we observed both in the GPS data and using repeating-earthquakes. Our analysis suggest that the swarm was driven by aseismic slip. The second study concerns an earthquake of mag-nitude 8.2 which occurred on April 1 st 2014 near the city of Iquique and broke one-third of the seismic gap in northern Chile. This earthquake was preceded by a sequence of precursor seismic swarms that appeared to have been accompanied by stable slip in the subduction interface as well. By building a more complete earthquake catalog, we were able to thoroughly analyze the preparation of the Iquique earthquake. We show, following a statistical approach, the occurrence of a large-scale seismic quiescence in the region of the mainshock. We link this quiescence to a downdip transient-slip potentially related to fluid channeling along the subduction interface

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Geissler, Wolfram H. [Verfasser]. « Seismic and petrological investigations of the lithosphere in the Swarm-Earthquake and CO2 degassing region Vogtland, NW-Bohemia / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft. Wolfram H. Geissler ». Potsdam : Geoforschungszentrum, 2005. http://d-nb.info/975153234/34.

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Geissler, Wolfram H. « Seismic and petrological investigations of the lithosphere in the swarm earthquake and CO2 degassing region Vogtland, NW Bohemia Seismische und petrologische Untersuchungen der Lithosphäre in der Schwarmbeben- und CO2-Entgasungs-Region Vogtland, NW Böhmen / ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/73/index.html.

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Duverger, Clara. « Sismicité, couplages sismique-asismiques et processus transitoires de déformation dans un système de failles actives : le rift de Corinthe, Grèce ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC252/document.

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La partie ouest du rift de Corinthe, en Grèce, s'ouvre à une vitesse d'environ 15 mm par an générant un taux de déformation parmi les plus élevés au monde, quelques séismes destructeurs de magnitude M>6 par décennie, et une forte activité microsismique irrégulière spatialement et temporellement. Afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes liés à cette déformation crustale et de préciser les structures majeures actives, ce travail de recherche exploite la base de données sismologiques du Corinth Rift Laboratory de 2000 à 2015 en analysant finement les microséismes et leur évolution spatio-temporelle. La relocalisation globale des sources sismiques ainsi que leur classification en multiplets ont permis de préciser la géométrie des failles et d'identifier des comportements mécaniques différents. La zone ouest, au milieu du golfe, est affectée par des variations de pressions de fluides dans une couche géologique, entraînant des migrations des essaims de microséismes à des vitesses d'environ 50 m par jour. Les multiplets profonds de la partie centrale, près de la côte nord, sont persistants et semblent déclenchés par des épisodes de glissements lents asismiques sur un détachement immature pouvant atteindre la croûte ductile. Le faible pourcentage de déclenchement dynamique par les ondes sismiques suggère que l'état global du système de failles n'est pas au seuil critique de rupture. La magnitude des séismes est corrélée à l'impulsivité initiale de la rupture. Ces résultats précisent la dynamique de déformation du rift, les interactions sismique-asismiques, et permettront d'améliorer les modèles d'aléas sismiques de la région
The western part of the Corinth Rift in Greece is opening at about 15 mm per year, generating one of the highest deformation rates in the world, some destructive earthquakes of magnitude M>6 per decade, and high microseismic activity irregular in space and time. In order to better understand the mechanisms related to this crustal deformation and to specify the major active structures, this research work makes use of the seismological database of the Corinth Rift Laboratory from 2000 to 2015 by finely analyzing microearthquakes and their spatio-temporal evolution. The global relocation of the seismic sources and their classification into multiplets enable to refine the geometry of the faults and to identify different mechanical behaviors. The western zone, in the middle of the gulf, is affected by fluctuations of fluid pore pressures in a geological layer, resulting in microseismic swarm migrations at a velocity of about 50 m per day. The deep multiplets of the central part, near the northern coast, are persistent and appear to be triggered by episodes of slow aseismic slip along an immature detachment, which can reach the ductile crust. The low percentage of dynamic triggering by passing seismic waves suggests that the overall state of the fault system is not at the critical breaking point. The magnitude of earthquakes is correlated with the initial impulsiveness of the rupture. These results specify the dynamics of the rift deformation, the seismic-aseismic interactions, and will make possible the improvement of the seismic hazard models of the region

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Seismic swarms"

Métois, M., C. Vigny et A. Socquet. « Interseismic Coupling, Megathrust Earthquakes and Seismic Swarms Along the Chilean Subduction Zone (38°–18°S) ». Dans The Chile-2015 (Illapel) Earthquake and Tsunami, 45–63. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57822-4_5.

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Yamakawa, Norio. « Foreshocks, Aftershocks, and Earthquake Swarms with Special Reference to Normal Seismic Activity in and Near the Japanese Islands ». Dans The Crust and Upper Mantle of the Pacific Area, 51–59. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm012p0051.

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Okada, TOMOMI, Toru Matsuzawa, Norihito Umino, Keisuke Yoshida, Akira Hasegawa, Hiroaki Takahashi, Takuji Yamada et al. « Hypocenter migration and crustal seismic velocity distribution observed for the inland earthquake swarms induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in NE Japan : implications for crustal fluid distribution and crustal permeability ». Dans Crustal Permeability, 307–23. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119166573.ch24.

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Tovmasyan, A. K. « Southern Javakhet Earthquake Swarm. Stress Tensor Orientation Derived from Focal Mechanism Data ». Dans Earthquake Hazard and Seismic Risk Reduction, 99–107. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9544-5_11.

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Nagaraju, T. Vamsi, Ch Durga Prasad, Babloo Chaudhary et B. M. Sunil. « Assessment of Seismic Liquefaction of Soils Using Swarm-Assisted Optimization Algorithm ». Dans Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 295–304. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9984-2_25.

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Zhao, Rui, JianChang Zheng, HuaWei Cui et DongPu Ji. « Analysis on the seismogenic mechanism of Changdao earthquake swarm in Shandong province ». Dans Advances in Civil Engineering : Structural Seismic Resistance, Monitoring and Detection, 727–34. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003310884-97.

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Kaláb, Zdeněk, et Markéta Lednická. « Seismic Loading of Medieval Jeroným Mine During West Bohemia Swarm in 2008 ». Dans Geophysics in Mining and Environmental Protection, 21–29. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19097-1_3.

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Schmidt, Adam, et Roman Lewandowski. « The Design of an Active Seismic Control System for a Building Using the Particle Swarm Optimization ». Dans Artifical Intelligence and Soft Computing, 651–58. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13232-2_80.

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Munguía, Luis, Sergio Mayer, Alfredo Aguirre, Ignacio Méndez, Mario González-Escobar et Manuel Luna. « The 2006 Bahía Asunción Earthquake Swarm : Seismic Evidence of Active Deformation Along the Western Margin of Baja California Sur, Mexico ». Dans Pageoph Topical Volumes, 3615–29. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51529-8_21.

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Rechtschaffen, Alan N. « Regulation of Swaps ». Dans Capital Markets, Derivatives, and the Law, 249–86. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879631.003.0014.

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Former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke classified derivatives as a “vulnerability” of the financial system that led to the financial crisis. He explained that derivatives concentrated risk within particular financial institutions and markets without sufficient regulatory oversight. The Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act—Dodd-Frank—constituted a seismic shift in the regulation of financial institutions and markets in a massive effort to address regulatory shortcomings in derivatives markets. This chapter discusses the Dodd-Frank regulatory regime. Topics covered include the Dodd-Frank and derivatives trading; jurisdiction and registration; clearing, exchange, capital and margin, and reporting requirements; analysis of the provisions of Dodd-Frank on derivatives trading; rationale behind the exemptions and exclusions; the Lincoln Rule; Futures Commission Merchants; and criticisms of Dodd-Frank's derivatives trading provisions.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Seismic swarms"

K. Biegert, E. « From Black Magic to Swarms : Hydrocarbon Exploration using Non-Seismic Technologies ». Dans EAGE Workshop on Non-Seismic Methods. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201402618.

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Roche, Vincent, Mirko van der Baan et John Walsh. « Examples of fault steps controlling event migration in seismic swarms ». Dans Second International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/image2022-3738967.1.

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K. Biegert, Ed. « From Black Magic to Swarms : Hydrocarbon Exploration using Non-Seismic Technologies ». Dans EGM 2007 International Workshop. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.166.d_op_05.

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Wang, L. L., J. X. Wei, P. Huang, B. R. Di, L. D. Gan et D. Shuai. « Hysical Modeling Study of Seismic Responses of Fractured Zones with Varied Fracture Densities and Fracture Swarms ». Dans 79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2017. Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201700544.

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Ronen, Shuki, Stuart Denny, Rob Telling, Steve Chelminski, John Young, Don Darling et Seibert Murphy. « Reducing ocean noise in offshore seismic surveys using low-pressure sources and swarms of motorized unmanned surface vessels ». Dans SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2015-5928795.1.

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Arnoso, José, Umberto Riccardi, Umberto Tammaro, Maite Benavent, Fuensanta G. Montesinos et Emilio Vélez. « 2D strain rate and ground deformation modelling from continuous and survey mode GNSS data in El Hierro, Canary Islands ». Dans 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia : Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13632.

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We present a study of the deformation pattern in El Hierro Island through the analysis of GNSS data from surveys carried out between 2015 and 2019 as well as continuous data. The last eruption in El Hierro occurred under the sea on the south rift, lasted from October 2011 to March 2012, and it was preceded by intense seismic activity and nearly 5 cm ground inflation. After this eruptive cycle, further magmatic intrusions were detected, from June 2012 to March 2014, associated to intense seismic swarms and inflation (about 22 cm of uplift). Nevertheless, these magmatic intrusions did not culminate in any eruption. Following these post-eruptive episodes, the seismic activity became less intense. Thus, for the period of this study, about 500 earthquakes with magnitude ranging from mbLG 2 to mbLG 3.9 were recorded, the ground deformation measured is of lower magnitude, still remaining a slight uplift trend in the GNSS stations up to 2017 and followed by a slight subsidence of about 1.5 cm between 2017-2019. Our purpose is to explain the ground displacements measured and the earthquake occurrence in terms of geodynamics and seismotectonic activity along the island, for the period 2015-2019. Firstly, we retrieved the geodetic velocities from the GNSS daily solutions. Secondly, we computed the 2D infinitesimal strain rates from the velocities through a triangular segmentation approach to map the deformation pattern along the respective GNSS surveys.

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Djezzar, Sofiane, Aldjia Boualam, Habib Ouadi, Aimen Laalam, Nadia Mouedden, Ahmed Merzoug et Abderraouf Chemmakh. « Modeling Fractures with Stochastic Discrete Fracture Network : Hassi-Messaoud Field Case Study ». Dans 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-0036.

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Abstract Hamra Quartzite is considered a potential reservoir in the area. 3D seismic data, seismic attributes, well logs, and borehole imagery data are combined in a specific workflow to determine the type of fractures, their distribution, and their relationship with the petrophysical parameters. Also, the elastic and dynamic properties, stresses are determined and calibrated with lab measurement to generate a calibrated mechanical earth model. Firstly, DFN models are created at a well scale to display the fracture sets, determine the mechanical units and their relationship with lithofacies. The model shows that the fractures are stratabound fractures limited to the reservoir layers. Secondly, other DFN model is created at the field scale to determine the relationship between faults and fractures and the lateral changeability due to Hercynian erosional event. The breakout analysis confirms the major orientation of the maximum horizontal stress in this field, which is oriented NW-SE. The diagenesis had a negative impact on the petrophysical properties. On the other hand, natural fractures had a positive impact by increasing the permeability intensely. Globally, the DFN displays that the upper reservoir is intensely fractured where the diffuse fractures are predominant. The existence of the upper mechanical is the best indicator of the sweet spot in this field. Wells with hydrocarbon showings can be stimulated by targeting fracture swarms that are parallel to the maximum horizontal stress to improve the fluid flow rate.

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Hui, Gang, Shengnan Chen et Fei Gu. « A Novel Coupled Approach to Investigate the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Fracturing-Induced Seismicity : Case Study ». Dans SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204156-ms.

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Abstract The recent seismicity rate increase in Fox Creek is believed to be linked to the hydraulic fracturing operations near the region. However, the spatiotemporal evolution of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity is not well understood. Here, a coupled approach of geology, geomechanics, and hydrology is proposed to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity. The seismogenic faults in the vicinity of stimulated wells are derived from the focal mechanisms of mainshock event and lineament features of induced events. In addition, the propagation of hydraulic fractures is simulated by using the PKN model, in combination with inferred fault, to characterize the possible well-fault hydrological communication. The original stress state of inferred fault is determined based on the geomechanics analysis. Based on the poroelasticity theory, the coupled flow-geomechanics simulation is finally conducted to quantitatively understand the fluid diffusion and poroelastic stress perturbation in response to hydraulic fracturing. A case study of a moment-magnitude-3.4 earthquake near Fox Creek is utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the coupled approach. It is shown that hydraulic fractures propagated along NE45° and connected with one North-south trending fault, causing the activation of fault and triggered the large magnitude event during fracturing operations. The barrier property of inferred fault under the strike-slip faulting regime constrains the nucleation position of induced seismicity within the injection layer. The combined changes of pore pressure and poroelastic stress caused the inferred fault to move towards the failure state and triggered the earthquake swarms. The associated spatiotemporal changes of Coulomb Failure Stress along the fault plane is well in line with the spatiotemporal pattern of induced seismicity in the studied case. Risks of seismic hazards could be reduced by decreasing fracturing job size during fracturing stimulations.

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Semnani, A., M. Nabi Bidhendi et B. Nadjar Araabi. « Detection of Low-frequency Shadow Zones using Quantum Swarm Evolutionary Matching Pursuit Decomposition (QSE-MPD) ». Dans EAGE Workshop on Seismic Attenuation. Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131866.

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Simeonova, Stela, Plamena Raykova et Dimcho Solakov. « SEISMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SWARM TYPE SEISMICITY IN THE REGION OF VELINGRAD, BULGARIA ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s05.065.

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�he space-time distribution of earthquakes is of substantial importance for understanding the physics of the earthquake generation process. Earthquakes can be analyzed as a time series of events that result from the released strain in the earth's crust. The study of the space-time distribution of earthquakes using statistical methods reveals many of their characteristics. Sequences of seismic events affect both spatial and time distribution of earthquakes. It is necessary to know the statistical characteristics of the different seismic clusters and to reflect their impact in the general research related to seismicity. In the study, we analyze the swarm type sequence located in the vicinity of the town of Velingrad. The region is characterized with moderate seismic activity. Moreover, a reduced number of small earthquakes have also been registered in the recent past. About 30 events with magnitude in the range of 1.2?M?3.0 are recorded at Bulgarian seismological network in a time period of 10 days. The events are localized on and close to a defined fault structure. Most of the swarm events are with a magnitude in the range of 2.0-2.5. The earthquakes are located in the Earth�s crust at a depth up to 15 km. Rapid transition to background seismicity is observed after the generation of the strongest earthquakes in of the sequence.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Seismic swarms"

Alaska Volcano Observatory archive of seismic drum records of eruptions of Augustine Volcano (1986), Redoubt Volcano (1989–90), Mount Spurr (1992), and Pavlof Volcano (1996), and the 1996 earthquake swarm at Akutan Peak. US Geological Survey, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/dr1146.

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