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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Similarity (Psychology) »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 5 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Similarity (Psychology)"

NAKAMOTO, Keiko, et Kenpei SHIINA. « Similarity in cognitive psychology ». Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems 13, n^o 5 (2001) : 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jfuzzy.13.5_3.

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Ivanov, Lachezar, Jordan Buck et Rory Sutherland. « The evolution-similarity matrix : an evolutionary psychology perspective on cross-cultural advertising ». Innovative Marketing 16, n^o 2 (3 juillet 2020) : 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.16(2).2020.12.

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Corrections to the article made on November 24, 2020 The standardization/adaptation debate in cross-cultural advertising is a topic on which little consensus prevails and which remains heavily discussed. Using evolutionary psychology, this paper presents a typology of advertising cues and explains their cross-cultural relevance and transportability. The paper highlights three distinct categories – human universals (evolved similarities), local adaptations (evolved differences), and local socialization (differences not due to evolution). The paper contributes to advertising theory by providing a meta-framework for the study of cross-cultural similarities and differences in the processing of advertising cues. It further assists advertising practice by delivering a framework aiding in cross-cultural advertising copy decisions. By raising the questions that the paper poses to develop the proposed typology categories, advertisers can identify which advertising cues are malleable by advertising and which are based on innate human preferences and are relatively stable. With that knowledge in hand, advertisers can decide when and to what extent to use a standardization approach versus an adaptation approach.

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Savic, Olivera, et Hope Sample. « What makes for conceptual similarity ? » Theoria, Beograd 60, n^o 4 (2017) : 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1704077s.

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A significant number of phenomena in psychology is explained in terms of similarity. While the term has found to be useful in understanding and defining other phenomena, the similarity itself remains to be poorly understood and defined. Here we aim to discuss the current status of the concept of similarity as it is applied to research in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience.

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Grant, Peter R. « Reactions to intergroup similarity : Examination of the similarity-differentiation and the similarity-attraction hypotheses. » Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 25, n^o 1 (1993) : 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0078789.

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Rushton, J. Philippe. « Ethnic nationalism, evolutionary psychology and Genetic Similarity Theory* ». Nations and Nationalism 11, n^o 4 (octobre 2005) : 489–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2005.00216.x.

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Griggs, Richard A., et Pam Marek. « Similarity of Introductory Psychology Textbooks : Reality or Illusion ? » Teaching of Psychology 28, n^o 4 (octobre 2001) : 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2804_03.

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Rushton, J. Philippe. « Age similarity is genetic similarity ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, n^o 1 (mars 1992) : 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00067777.

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Sprecher, Susan. « Does (Dis)Similarity Information about a New Acquaintance Lead to Liking or Repulsion ? An Experimental Test of a Classic Social Psychology Issue ». Social Psychology Quarterly 82, n^o 3 (15 juillet 2019) : 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272519855954.

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Decades of social psychology research has established the importance of similarity in leading to attraction. However, in response to early social psychology experiments demonstrating the similarity effect, Rosenbaum proposed the repulsion hypothesis, arguing that similarity does not lead to liking, but rather, dissimilarity leads to repulsion. Research to address whether dissimilarity carries more weight than similarity has generally involved participants’ reactions to sterile information about a bogus other whom they never meet. In contrast, in this study ( N = 150), individuals first greeted another participant over Skype before they received manipulated (bogus) information on similarity or dissimilarity. In support of the similarity-attraction hypothesis, the two-step experimental design indicated that the participants in the similarity condition experienced an increase in liking and other positive reactions from before to after the receipt of the bogus similarity information. Participants in the dissimilarity condition, however, experienced no change (i.e., no repulsion effect).

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Pothos, Emmanuel M. « The rules versus similarity distinction ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, n^o 1 (février 2005) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000014.

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The distinction between rules and similarity is central to our understanding of much of cognitive psychology. Two aspects of existing research have motivated the present work. First, in different cognitive psychology areas we typically see different conceptions of rules and similarity; for example, rules in language appear to be of a different kind compared to rules in categorization. Second, rules processes are typically modeled as separate from similarity ones; for example, in a learning experiment, rules and similarity influences would be described on the basis of separate models. In the present article, I assume that the rules versus similarity distinction can be understood in the same way in learning, reasoning, categorization, and language, and that a unified model for rules and similarity is appropriate. A rules process is considered to be a similarity one where only a single or a small subset of an object's properties are involved. Hence, rules and overall similarity operations are extremes in a single continuum of similarity operations. It is argued that this viewpoint allows adequate coverage of theory and empirical findings in learning, reasoning, categorization, and language, and also a reassessment of the objectives in research on rules versus similarity.

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Medin, Douglas L., Robert L. Goldstone et Dedre Gentner. « Respects for similarity. » Psychological Review 100, n^o 2 (1993) : 254–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.254.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Similarity (Psychology)"

Navarro, Daniel. « Representing stimulus similarity ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn322.pdf.

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Bibliography: p. 209-233. Over the last 50 years, psychologists have developed a range of frameworks for similarity modelling, along with a large number of numerical techniques for extracting mental representations from empirical data. This thesis is concerned with the psychological theories used to account for similarity judgements, as well as the mathematical and statistical issues that surround the numerical problem of finding appropriate representations. It discusses, evaluates, and further develops three widely-adopted approaches to similarity modelling: spatial, featural and tree representation.

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Johnson, Michelle Lorraine 1967. « All I ever wanted was relational satisfaction : Perceived similarity versus actual similarity ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291905.

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This study examines the linkage between similarity and relational satisfaction within friendship dyads. The central proposition states that both actual and perceived similarity between relational partners will be positively associated with relational satisfaction. Actual and perceived similarity were measured using a conflict that had occurred between the relational partners. It was further posited that perceived similarity (PS) will be a better indicator of relational satisfaction than actual similarity (AS). It was found that when both length of relationship and amount of PS were held constant, AS was moderately associated with relational satisfaction. It was also found that PS was negatively associated with relational satisfaction. Furthermore, the findings indicate that PS is a better indicator of relational satisfaction than AS. These findings raise questions about operationalizing perceived and actual similarity, the relationship between relational type, similarity, and satisfaction, and the use of accounts in this type of research.

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Schendel, Zachary Adam. « The irrelevant sound effect similarity of content or similarity of process ? / ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148590088.

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Kelemen, Deborah Ann 1967. « The effects of domain-specific knowledge on similarity judgements ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278269.

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The study contrasts natural kinds versus artifacts in order to assess the impact of domain-specific knowledge on adult subjects strategies in a perceptual classification task. Subjects classifications show differential weighting of perceptual dimensions as a consequence of background context. In addition, subjects display a tendency to reject identity within a specific dimension when such a non-identity based strategy permitted the creation of a theoretically cohesive category. This provides evidence against the view that identity possesses an inherent value in classification and supports the alternative, that background knowledge determines the degree to which identity is valued and the manner in which categories are constructed.

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Patton, Kathleen Mary. « Ambivalence and the Attitude Similarity Effect on Attraction ». The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436802293.

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Zhao, Libo. « The effect of referent similarity and phonological similarity on concurrent word learning ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2419.

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Similarity has been regarded as a primary means by which lexical representations are organized, and hence an important determinant of processing interactions between lexical items. A central question on lexical-semantics similarity is how it influences lexical processing. There have been much fewer investigations, however, on how lexical-semantic similarity might influence novel word learning. This dissertation work aimed to fill this gap by addressing one kind of lexical-semantic similarity, similarity among the novel words that are being learned concurrently (concurrent similarity), on the learning of phonological word forms. Importantly, it aimed to use tests that eliminated the real time processing confound at test so as to provide convincing evidence on whether learning was indeed affected by similarity. The first part of the dissertation addressed the effect of concurrent referent similarity on the learning of the phonological word forms. Experiment 1 used a naming test to provide evidence on the direction of the effect. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 used the stem completion test and the recognition from mis-pronunciation test that controlled for real time processing between conditions. Then a 4-layer Hebbian Normalized Recurrent Network was also developed to provide even more convincing evidence on whether learning was affected (the connection weights). Consistently across the three tasks and the simulation, a detrimental effect of referent similarity on the phonological word form learning was revealed. The second part of the dissertation addressed the effect of cohort similarity on the learning of the phonological word forms. The recognition from mis-pronunciation on partial words was developed to control for real time processing between conditions so as to capture the effect of learning. We examined the effect of cohort similarity at different syllable positions and found a detrimental effect at the second syllable and non-effect at the third syllable. This is consistent with the previous finding that competition among cohorts diminishes as the stimulus is received, suggesting that the effect of cohort similarity depends on the status of competition dynamics among cohorts. The theoretical and methodological implications of this study are discussed.

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Dekel, Shir. « The Psychology of Managerial Capital Allocation ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26452.

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Capital allocation decisions are critical for large organisations. Management research mainly considers such decisions from an organisational perspective, largely overlooking potential psychological influences. Therefore, this thesis investigated cognitive processes that affect capital allocation decisions. Three studies examined how participants integrated multiple kinds of cues when making their decisions. Each study presented participants with both statistical information and non-numerical semantic information. In each study, participants had the opportunity to leverage a statistical concept that arguably should be the sole basis of the decision. The first study showed participants sequential risky choices without intermittent feedback. Participants could have combined the risk across decisions to reduce the overall potential loss. However, they struggled to do this unless it was depicted visually. The second study asked participants to allocate a budget across a set of business projects. Participants could have used the variance associated with the provided forecast estimates to choose which metrics to use for the allocation. However, they only appropriately used this information when it was expressed verbally and did not when it was expressed numerically. In the third study, participants saw projects with conflicting statistical and anecdotal evidence. The anecdotes were either similar or dissimilar to the target project. Participants could have clarified the conflicting evidence by using provided information about the distribution from which the anecdote was sampled. However, they ignored this information. Despite this, participants’ use of the anecdote depended on its similarity to the target project. These results show that people’s capital allocation decisions are bounded by a limited understanding of certain statistical concepts, but that they are capable of more nuanced choice when properly scaffolded.

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Miller, Benjamin Alan. « Distance Effects in Similarity Based Free Categorization ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/238.

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This experiment investigated the processes underlying similarity-based free categorization. Of particular interest was how temporal distance between similar objects affects the likelihood that people will put them into the same novel category. Participants engaged in a free categorization task referred to as binomial labeling. This task required participants to generate a two-part label (A1, B1, C1, etc.) indicating family (superordinate) and species (subordinate) levels of categorization for each object in a visual display. Participants were shown the objects one at a time in a sequential presentation; after labeling each object, they were asked to describe the similarity between that object and previous objects by selecting one of five choices from a drop down menu. Our main prediction was that temporal distance should affect categorization, specifically, that people should be less likely to give two identical objects the same category label the farther apart they are shown in the display. The primary question being addressed in this study was whether the effects of distance are due to a decreased likelihood of remembering the first object when labeling the second (what we refer to as a stage 1 or sampling effect) or to factors during the actual comparison itself (a stage 2 or decision effect)? Our results showed a significant effect of distance on both the likelihood of giving identical objects the same label as well as on the likelihood of mentioning the first object when labeling the second object in an identical pair. Specifically, as the distance between two identical objects increased, the likelihood of giving them the same label, as well as mentioning their similarity, both decreased. Importantly, the decreased probability of giving the second object the same label seemed entirely due to the decreased probability of remembering (sampling) the first object, as indicated by the menu responses. These results provide strong support for the idea that the effect of temporal distance on free categorization is mainly due to stage 1 factors, specifically to its effect on the availability of the first instance in memory when labeling the second. No strong evidence was found in this experiment supporting a separate distance effect at the comparison-decision stage (i.e., stage 2).

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Viola, Wendy Elaine. « Adolescent Males' Similarity, Emotional Safety, and Change in Strengths-Based Programming ». PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/645.

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In recent decades, the use of strengths-based approaches has become increasingly popular in youth intervention and prevention programs (Maton et al., 2004), which emphasize creating emotionally safe environments through the process of relational community building (Maton, 2000). However, relatively little is known about the relationship between group composition, specifically similarity between group members, and emotional safety and program efficacy. This thesis examines the relationship between adolescent males' similarity to their peers in terms of their demographic profiles and behaviors and belief systems, experiences of emotional safety, and changing behaviors and belief systems in a strengths-based intervention program within Ohio juvenile correctional facilities. Results indicate that in the cases of education-related self-efficacy and the benefits associated with criminal activity, participants significantly changed in the direction opposite of the program's intentions. However, these negative changes were attenuated by differences between participants and their peers in the program. Theoretical implications and potential explanations are discussed.

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Nelson, Reid A. « Effects of similarity and tourist status on prosocial behavior : a field study in Spain / ». Online version, 2009. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=320&CISOBOX=1&REC=9.

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Livres sur le sujet "Similarity (Psychology)"

E, Marks Lawrence, Hammeal Robin J et Bornstein Marc H, dir. Perceiving similarity and comprehending metaphor. Chicago : Society for Research in Child Development, Inc., 1987.

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A, Sloman Steven, et Rips Lance J, dir. Similarity and symbols in human thinking. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press, 1998.

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The wave theory of difference and similarity. Hillsdale, N.J : L. Erlbaum Associates, 1992.

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Tversky, Amos. Preference, belief, and similarity : Selected writings. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press, 2004.

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Similarity judgments on transformed melodies. Nijmegen] : NICI, Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, 1996.

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Edinburgh), SimCat 1997 (Conference) (1997 University of. Proceedings of SimCat 1997 : An interdisciplinary workshop on similarity and categorisation, November 28-30, 1997, Edinburgh University. Edinburgh : Department of Artificical Intelligence, Edinburgh University, 1997.

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Wänke, Michaela. Vergleichsprozesse bei evaluativen Urteilen : Der Einfluss der in der Frage vorgegebenen Vergleichsrichtung. New York : Mellen University Press, 1993.

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Falkowski, Andrzej. A similarity relation in cognitive processes : An ecological and information processing approach. Delft, the Netherlands : Eburon Delft, 1995.

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Falkowski, Andrzej. Relacja podobieństwa w procesach poznawczych : Ekologiczne i informacyjne podejście w psychologii. Lublin : Red. Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1990.

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L, Arcuri, et Serino Carmencita 1951-, dir. Asymmetry phenomena in interpersonal comparison : Cognitive and social issues. Napoli : Liguori Editore, 1992.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Similarity (Psychology)"

Drösler, Jan. « Color Similarity Represented as a Metric of Color Space ». Dans Recent Research in Psychology, 19–37. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4308-3_2.

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Huangfu, Huayan, Yi Lu et Shan Fu. « A Visual Cognition Test-Based Study on the Choice Blindness Persistence : Impacts of Positive Emotion and Picture Similarity ». Dans Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, 167–75. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22507-0_13.

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Arora, Pallvi, et Neelu Rohmetra. « RETRACTED CHAPTER : The Cultural Similarity Paradox : Understanding the Psychology and Challenges of Indian Expatriates Across International Boundaries ». Dans India Studies in Business and Economics, 57–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16098-6_4.

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Arora, Pallvi, et Neelu Rohmetra. « Retraction Note to : The Cultural Similarity Paradox : Understanding the Psychology and Challenges of Indian Expatriates Across International Boundaries ». Dans India Studies in Business and Economics, E1. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16098-6_12.

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Masters, Kevin S., Julia K. Boehm, Jennifer M. Boylan, Kaitlyn M. Vagnini et Christina L. Rush. « The Scientific Study of Positive Psychology, Religion/Spirituality, and Physical Health ». Dans Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, 329–43. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10274-5_21.

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AbstractPossible relations between religion, spirituality, positive psychology, and physical health have interested humans throughout history. Only recently have these relations become the object of scientific study. In this chapter, we conducted a nonsystematic, narrative review of the modest but growing empirical literature, which suggests that positive psychological constructs such as life satisfaction, positive affect, purpose/meaning, and optimism are generally predictive of better physical health and functioning. Similarly, religion and spirituality (R/S) variables including religious service attendance, religious/spiritual coping, religious orientation, and prayer have demonstrated relations with better health outcomes. These relations are sometimes complex and possibly influenced by methodological considerations. Several possible pathways to account for these relationships have been proposed, including behavioral processes, social support, and direct physiological pathways. Whether these relations are causal remains a perplexing question to resolve, due to methodological challenges inherent in the nature of the variables themselves and to the practical difficulties of examining these variables via experimental investigation and longitudinal analysis. The possibility that positive psychology constructs may account for associations between R/S and health deserves further exploration, ideally using experimental and prospective longitudinal methods.

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Pochwatko, Grzegorz, Justyna Świdrak et Dariusz Doliński. « Sometimes It’s Just a Game : The Pros and Cons of Using Virtual Environments in Social Influence Research ». Dans Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 189–97. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11432-8_19.

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AbstractClassic social influence effects are present both in games and virtual environments, similarly to real life. The use of games and virtual environments to study them offers the possibility to better control the experimental situation but also brings limitations. On one hand, sequential request techniques of social influence are studied in virtual environments, which enables the control of the experimental situation at the laboratory level. On the other hand, mere presence in the laboratory, devices for measuring physiological responses and awareness of participation in the game provide additional confounding variables that influence the results. We show examples of successful and unsuccessful replications of the foot-in-the-door, door-in-the-face and foot-in-the-face effects accompanied by the analysis of the indicators of physiological arousal. Virtual environments are useful tools for social psychology, but they need to be applied carefully because even a serious game is sometimes just a game.

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Vögele, Claus. « Health and Well-being from a Psychological Perspective ». Dans Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit im Jugendalter, 11–26. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35744-3_2.

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AbstractConcepts of health and well-being have evolved ever since ancient Greek and Roman history. Based on new approaches, which define health as the ability to adapt and manage even in the face of adversity, the concept of wellness can be understood as its proactive complement, which reflects our ability to fulfil our personal and collective human potential, and to pursue a joyful life. From this perspective, health and wellness, as complementary entities, would constitute the conceptual building blocks of well-being, which is conceived of as a state, not an ability. These considerations not only have theoretical but also practical implications in terms of the operationalisation and assessment of these concepts. It follows from this range of concepts for both health and well-being, that there is a similarly wide range of different assessments. In this chapter we provide a description, clarification and integration of these concepts from a Psychology perspective, highlighting areas that need further development and outlining complementary assessment approaches. Though overlapping in very many aspects we argue that health and well-being are related but nevertheless distinct concepts, which should be operationalized and assessed accordingly.

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Dandarova-Robert, Zhargalma, Christelle Cocco, Grégory Dessart et Pierre-Yves Brandt. « Where Gods Dwell ? Part I : Spatial Imagery in Children’s Drawings of Gods ». Dans When Children Draw Gods, 153–70. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94429-2_6.

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AbstractSupernatural agents, although imagined by humans as omnipresent, cannot escape being placed (at least mentally) by believers somewhere in physical space. For example, kami in Shintoism are believed to reside in natural elements of the landscape. In Christianity, God is typically associated with Heaven. Similarly, Jesus is said to have ascended into Heaven after his resurrection. According to Buddhist mythology, gods live in the heavens, and the next Buddha, Maitreya, will descend to earth from heaven.This study (Part I of a two-part project) investigates the role of spatiality in children’s conceptions of the divine as shown through their drawings of god. We collected drawings by participants from four different cultural and religious environments (n = 1156): Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy) and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity). Our study indicates that the tendency to place god in the sky was not strongly related to a particular cultural or religious context. Children from all groups most often drew god either in the sky or with no background at all. We note two implications for folk psychology: (1) Children tend to conceptualize god in single location, (2) They often associate the divine with a celestial background.

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« The Psychology of Similarity ». Dans The Psychology of Thinking, 17–34. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP : SAGE Publications Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473920262.n2.

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Hahn, Ulrike, et Evan Heit. « Semantic Similarity, Cognitive Psychology of ». Dans International Encyclopedia of the Social & ; Behavioral Sciences, 579–84. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.53026-8.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Similarity (Psychology)"

Xiaoping, Liu. « User Similarity Measure Method Based on the Comparison Model of Psychology ». Dans 2015 Seventh International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2015.338.

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LAMBERT, SOPHIE M., et ASSAAD E. AZZI. « EBBINGHAUS ILLUSION : QUESTIONNING THE ROLE OF CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY ». Dans Proceedings of the Seventh Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777256_0020.

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GALE, T. M., Y. SUN, R. ADAMS et N. DAVEY. « COMPARING COMPUTATIONAL AND HUMAN MEASURES OF VISUAL SIMILARITY ». Dans Proceedings of the Ninth Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701886_0042.

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Tan, Terri Su-May, et Smita Singh. « Exploring the relationship between attitude similarity, likeability, and construal of student leaders ». Dans 2015 Asian Congress of Applied Psychology (ACAP 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814723398_0003.

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Zhang, Yujie, Kennichi Kikuchi, Asuka Terai, Luning Ruan et Masanori Nakagawa. « A Computational Model of Inductive Reasoning Based on a Statistical Analysis of Japanese Corpora An Examination of Similarity Functions ». Dans Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science & technology Forum ( GSTF ), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp16.19.

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Yang, Seung-Cheol, Lalit Patil et Debasish Dutta. « Similarity Computation for Knowledge-Based Sustainability Evaluation of Engineering Changes ». Dans ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28347.

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Systematic sustainability assessment of a proposed Engineering Change (EC) is, typically, a time-consuming process due to the complexity of typical products and the lifecycle-wide impact of a change. One approach to enable faster evaluation is the use of the knowledge from similar past ECs. In this paper, we present an approach based on research in psychology to calculate the similarity of Engineering Changes such that the retrieved ECs can be used to predict only the carbon footprint of the proposed EC. Product knowledge is structured, and there is no acceptable standard for representation. Therefore, we propose a measure that focuses on identifying and aligning corresponding components of the query and target representations. We apply the measure to a case of 14 Engineering Changes (91 matching problems) and compare the matches for relevance to evaluation of carbon footprint. The precision and recall are evaluated by comparing against carbon footprints obtained using commercial LCA tool.

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Rouhizadeh, Masoud, Richard Sproat et Jan van Santen. « Similarity Measures for Quantifying Restrictive and Repetitive Behavior in Conversations of Autistic Children ». Dans Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology : From Linguistic Signal to Clinical Reality. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/w15-1214.

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De La Garza, Cecilia, et Nora Oufi. « Health Crisis Management and Resilience Factors : A Comparative Study in Two Sectors ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001567.

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The objective of this study is to analyze the modalities of health crisis management in two different sectors during the Covid-19 crisis: the hospital and the nuclear industry. The aim is to:- Characterize the health crisis: similarities and differences compared to other known crises - nuclear, natural crisis (storm, earthquake, flood). - Identify elements of similarity between sectors in the modalities of crisis management and particularities related to the specificities of the socio-technical systems.- Identify the resilience factors and difficulties- Make proposals to enhance the robustness of crisis organizations.Study BackgroundBoth the hospital and the nuclear industry (EDF) have had to organize and adapt to continue their activities from the beginning of the crisis in March 2020.On the hospital side, an emergency plan (White Plan) provides a reconfiguration of the hospital in case of health crisis. On the nuclear side, a Business Continuity Plan exists as well as a pandemic emergency plan (support and mobilization plan).It was at La Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, a reference hospital for infectious diseases, that the first death of Covid19 was recorded. The crisis unit was activated at that time. The hospital then opened its doors to us for human and organizational factors study of crisis management in April 2020. Concerning the nuclear sector, the health crisis management analysis could only be carried out from October 2020 at the national level and the nuclear power plants.Methodological approachWe applied a systemic approach combining ergonomics, cognitive psychology, and sociology to study socio-technical systems safety.The study focused on crisis management via an analysis of organizational resilience to identify the factors of success and difficulty. Given the temporality of this crisis, the study was carried out in three stages at the hospital.1. April and May 2020: i) a series of remote interviews with various hospital staff were conducted; ii) a passive listening follow-up of about 30 phone meetings of the crisis unit; iii) a documentary analysis of the planned crisis organization.2. November and December 2021: i) a second series of interviews in the hospital emergency unit.3. June and July 2021 in the intensive care unit: i) a third round of interviews; ii) field observations in the hospital; iii) a literature review.In the nuclear field we conducted two retrospective studies at different times, focused on the most critical phase of the crisis (from March to May 2020):1. October - November 2021: an analysis of the health crisis’ management at the national level via a series of interviews completed by an analysis of the crisis reference systems.2. August - September 2021: an analysis of the health crisis management in a Nuclear power plant via interviews and an analysis of site-specific documents. ResultsWe observed similarities in the way the crisis was managed, in terms of management, which proved to be factors of success both at the hospital and at EDF, for example,- A crisis management that integrates the business lines and is top-down, but that listens and takes into account proposals from the field.- Experience of crises and emergency situations, which facilitates crisis management and adaptation.- The habit of protocols facilitating the integration of new constraints.- Very strong collective mobilization of personnelHowever, there are linked difficulties in both sectors, for example, to the virus fear, the anxiety of contaminating one's family and friends, especially at the beginning, and then weariness and fatigue linked to the duration of the crisis.Particularities concerning the work activity in the hospital will be discussed especially in relation to the reconfiguration of the services and to the necessary adaptations and improvisations of patients care protocols and procedures, among others.These studies are source of learning, about crisis management and particularly long-term crises that have a lasting impact on socio-technical systems. Proposals in terms of crisis organization and preparedness for this type of crisis will be presented.

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Ama Afun, Lilian. « Beyond Fashion Consumption : mapping the functional systems of the psychologists in socio-environmental issues of the fashion industry ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002158.

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Fashion generates billions of money and employs a huge number of people from different contexts including arts, marketing, advertising, engineering, law, and psychology. However, the urge for new trends, chic and distinct clothing resulted in a constant cycle of excess supply over demand, contributing to a high volume of waste. Environmental concerns of such mass production have increased significantly over time resulting in tons of waste worldwide from non-use of materials, causing environmental degradation and spill of hazardous chemicals. Consumer’s linear system of buy-use-or not use-dispose creates large negative effects on the environment and economic losses to entrepreneurs within this field. Similarly, there is no time to keep up with consumer demands, as entrepreneurs struggle with unstable, unrealistic, and competitive market conditions. These socio-environmental issues are a huge part of the fashion industry, and such concerns have reached new heights due to the rate of fashion devolution and inhumane practices that have gained traction in the industry. This comes as no surprise as calls for social and environmentally conscious fashion production have emerged. Behavioral change is urgently needed now more than ever in the industry. One such promising avenue to resolve the tension between fashion and socio-environmental issues in the industry is to apply psychological principles to this context. This sparks feelings of anxiety, losses, insecurity, and inadequacies among the entrepreneurs. Despite these challenges workers in this industry work to meet the increasing needs of consumers. Whilst this has contributed greatly to the success of many fashion houses, modern trends in organizational sustainability require psychologists to offer insights into how the fashion industry can manage social and environmental challenges in a manner that is deemed to be socially responsible by society. In light of this, the current work aim at exploring the functional systems of industrial psychologists and the role they play in enabling fashion businesses to adopt sustainable business practices. Deploying a systematic literature review approach, the results showed that fashion and psychology are both disciplines essentially about humans. That functionally, the psychologists seek to understand how individual fashion designers think, feel and behave. Since they can understand behavior, psychologists are better able to design programs that can lead to long-term behavior change at different levels in the industry. Psychologists play a crucial role in the fashion industry such as offering counseling and insights into consumer behavior, consumer preferences, and product designs that work to stimulate sales and after-sales services that are environmentally sustainable.

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Pilatti, Angelina, Adrian Bravo, Yanina Michelini, Gabriela Rivarola Montejano et Ricardo Pautassi. « Validation of the Spanish Version of the Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (S-MACQ) ». Dans 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.24.

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Background: The Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire [MACQ] assesses marijuana-related problems. This 8-factor (50-items) measure covers a broad array of multiple dimensions encompassing 50 negative consequences of gradient severity that are particularly relevant in the context of college. The present study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the 50-item Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (S-MACQ) by analyzing the psychometric properties of internal, convergent, and concurrent validity and estimating internal consistency. We also examined the correlation between the brief (SB-MACQ) and the full S-MACQ and whether they similarly correlate with marijuana outcomes and marijuana-related variables. Method: College students from the two largest public universities of Cordoba city (Argentina) completed an online survey as part of a broader study focused on marijuana use and risky sexual behaviors. Only data from students that reported last-year marijuana use (n=470; 70.6% women; Mean age 22.67±3.52 years; 45.7% enrolled in psychology) were included in the study. We conducted independent samples t-tests to evaluate differences in the number of negative consequences (for the total scale and for each S-MACQ dimension) as a function of biological sex or frequency of use. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) was conducted to examine the factor structure of the S-MACQ. We conducted Pearson correlation analyses to examine the association between the number of marijuana-related consequences as measured by the S-MACQ and scores (a) in the CUDIT, a standardized measure of marijuana-related problems (i.e., convergent validity), (b) frequency and quantity of marijuana use (i.e., concurrent validity), (c) motives for marijuana use (i.e., concurrent validity). We examined the Pearson correlation between the SB-MACQ and the S-MACQ and then we estimated the difference between the Pearson correlation of the SB-MACQ and the S-MACQ with all the marijuana outcomes and marijuana-related variables. Results: Results from the CFA supported an 8-factor structure. The scores of the S-MACQ showed appropriate internal, concurrent and convergent validity, alongside with adequate internal consistency. The S-MACQ was largely correlated with the SB-MACQ and the correlations between these two versions and marijuana outcomes/marijuana-related variables did not significantly differ. Discussion: Findings supported the S-MACQ as a valid measure to assess marijuana-related problems in Spanish-speaking students. The instrument can be used to identify a broad diversity of marijuana problems in this population.

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