Articles de revues : « Smart Territory »

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Semyachkov, Konstantin. "Smart city sustainable configuration." SHS Web of Conferences 141 (2022): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214101015.

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The paper shows that sustainable development is the goal of most modern socio-economic systems of different levels, countries, regions, cities. It is shown that the basis for the development of modern society is the balance of interests in the economic, environmental, social spheres, without which it is impossible to achieve the goals of sustainable development. Sustainable development requires the introduction of new models of territory management. The paper notes that a promising tool for the sustainable development of the territory is the smart city model, the main element of which is modern digital technologies. The paper considers the main elements of the smart city configuration that affect the sustainable development of the territory. The toolkit of a smart city for the implementation of sustainable development goals in the context of the formation of a digital society is presented.

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Chelak, Igor, Evgenij Popov, and Maksim Skvortsov. "Ecosystems of smart territories: cartographic and economic analysis tools." E3S Web of Conferences 474 (2024): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447403002.

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In economics, the ecosystem approach becomes the main method of analysing large communities. In this paper, the object of research is the ecosystem of a smart territory (smart ecosystem, i-ecosystem). The subject of the study is economic relations based on the analysis of the results of mapping the ecosystem of a smart territory. We single out economic analysis as the main tool of ecosystem management. The synthesis of mapping the ecosystem of a smart territory and various methods of its analysis allows us to identify key growth points and promising directions of ecosystem dynamics. The problem of the study is the lack of systematization of the directions of ecosystem economic analysis. The purpose of the study is to systematize the directions of economic analysis based on the results of mapping the ecosystem of a smart territory. Logical and systematic methods of research allowed to conduct a content analysis of scientific papers. The research algorithm includes a review of previous studies, formulation of the research problem, systematization of the directions of economic analysis of the ecosystem of a smart territory. The methodological foundation of the research is represented by the system concept, the paradigm of sustainable development, and the ESG approach. The result of the work was a table on the directions of economic analysis of the ecosystem of the smart territory.

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Sukharev, O. S. "SMART CITY AND TERRITORY: OVERCOMING STRUCTURAL GAP." Вестник Института экономики Российской академии наук, no. 1 (2022): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2022_1_68_84.

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Enseñanza de las Ciencias, Revista. "The didactic research in sciences: a smart territory." Enseñanza de las Ciencias. Revista de investigación y experiencias didácticas 31, no. 3 (2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/ec/v31n3.1339.

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Rosado García, María Jesús. "SMART TERRITORY, INFRASTRUCTURE MAINTENANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE NECESSARY EVOLUTION OF 'SMART' AFTER COVID-19." DYNA 97, no. 3 (2022): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10403.

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Society, industry, and particularly engineering are currently immersed in a profound technological change, oriented towards the optimization of processes and the improvement in the management of existing resources. From this point of view, it is interesting to incorporate systems capable of improving the operation and efficiency of the built environment. The study aims to address the current state of development of the different methodologies that make it possible to solve the need to move the focus away from the city to the territory that arose after the COVID-19 pandemic; with the consequent evolution of the concept of Smart City to Smart Territory. Methodologically, a review of the state of the art of the different currents is carried out, within the reference framework of Industry 4.0, which focuses on implementing intelligent systems for sensorisation and monitoring of infrastructures that enable more sophisticated, efficient, and optimal maintenance strategies. As a result, it should be noted that the current trend is obligatory since it is not so imperative to build new infrastructures in developed countries but rather to explore the possible extension of their useful life and to advocate a new approach to engineering based on sustainability criteria. Key Words: Smart-territory, maintenance, intelligent infrastructure, monitoring, Smart-city.

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Рустам Валентинович, Шхагошев, and Бахунов Астемир Арсенович. "INDICATORS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF "SMART" DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY." STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, no. 2 (2022): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2022-1-2-50-61.

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The functional concept of "smart" development of territories, widely known and actively implemented in the world and the Russian Federation, is currently characterized by a declaration of the principles of anthropocentrism, a qualitative increase in the manufacturability of infrastructure systems and processes, a "digital revolution" in the management of territorial resources of all types, progress in organizing a safe and comfortable living environment. The novelty of posing the problems of developing "smart" territories in general and "smart cities" in particular and their contribution to positive spatial and economic transformations of the regional and national scales necessitated a broad scientific search in terms of methods and techniques for assessing the direction, scale and effectiveness (primarily – socio-economic) processes of "smart" urbanization, the growth of municipal "digital maturity" and its positive perception by participants in municipal and regional socio-economic systems.

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D’AURIA, Anna, Marco TREGUA, Manuel Carlos VALLEJO-MARTOS, and Rocio MARTÍNEZ-JIMÉNEZ. "Citizens’ Voice as a Cornerstone of Making Territories Smart." Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, no. 70 E (October 31, 2023): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.70e.1.

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This paper aims to answer the call for studies on smart transformation in small and rural municipalities. It focuses on the ‘smart territory’ concept, which includes all the features of the smart city but considers a larger and less delimited urban area, as well as the intricacy of effects among towns and cities. To address such a space, the authors conducted an in-depth analysis of the Province of Jaén in Spain through a content analysis of interviews with representatives from local associations of citizens. The results confirmed that a participatory approach supports the territory management thanks to the government-to-citizens interactions that allow getting direct information: The citizens’ voice is about perspectives and opinions related to the status of different neighborhoods, towns, or villages, as well as the city, and real opportunities to shape a smart territory as theorized. The study’s contribution stems mostly from the category of actors involved, as the critical issues, as well as the opportunities in local development, are usually investigated by involving either local administrations or politicians and citizens. Listening to citizens’ voices also addresses the intricacies of a territory overcoming the limits of an approach based on a single town or city. Furthermore, detecting problems and opportunities in an urban context in this way can help in planning local smart development.

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Mealha, Óscar, and Monica Divitini. "Citizen, Territory and Technologies: Smart Learning Contexts and Practices." Interaction Design and Architecture(s), no. 35 (December 20, 2017): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-035-001psi.

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Makhnachova, N. M. "INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF A TERRITORY BASED ON SMART-CRITERIA." "Public management and administration in Ukraine", no. 11 (2019): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-5240-2019-11-26.

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Virtudes, Ana, Arwa Abbara, and João Sá. "Dubai: A Pioneer Smart City in the Arabian Territory." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245 (October 2017): 052071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/245/5/052071.

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Zorin, G. E. "THE TECHNOLOGIES «SMART CITY» AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE TERRITORY MANAGEMENT." Vestnik of the Russian University of Cooperation, no. 1(43) (April 26, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52623/2227-4383-1-43-9.

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The smart city is one of the modern concepts of development and management of urban infrastructure and the economy of the territory. Thanks to its idea of introducing the best technologies, this concept contributes not only to the development of consumer innovations, but also to the optimization of urban management processes. It also allows making economically sound decisions that are more effective for citizens, taking into account changes in their number and consumer preferences in the future. The article attempts a theoretical study of the concept of «smart city». The city and technologies are considered from the standpoint of a systematic approach, according to which the system is a set of interrelated technologies for managing the territory. The existing variants of «smart city» technologies are summarized, and based on the conducted research, proposals for their development in the city administration in the Russian Federation in the near future are formed.

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Dendiberya, Maksim, Olga Tishutina, Alexei Barchukov, Rudolf Leontiev, and Irina Fedchenko. "Assessing the possibility of creating “smart cities” in Khabarovsk Territory and its economic consequences." E3S Web of Conferences 380 (2023): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338001034.

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Current article deals with the problem of territorial development in terms of innovative approaches associated with the integration of the “smart city|” project management systems. The analysis of the basic approaches to the formation of the “smart city” definition has been conducted; the basic tasks assigned to this system from the point of view of the applied process of administration of the basic social and economic processes proceeding in the system of municipal formation have been estimated. The analysis of the main problems of the “smart city” project implementation, typical for any territorial unit regardless of the impact of internal and external environment factors of the innovative project realization has been carried out. The possibility of implementing the “Smart City Khabarovsk” project in terms of the innovative project’s “risk map” was assessed. The analysis of the results of the project for the economy of the municipality, based on the potential specifics of the “smart city” system, its impact on the organization of economic relations, the impact on financial transactions in the Khabarovsk Territory and the city of Khabarovsk, and on the socio-economic activity of the population of the region.

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Liuzzo, M., D. Caraccio, E. Di Maggio, and G. Luca. "INTEGRATED SURVEY AND SMART NAVIGATION OF COMPLEX TERRITORIAL MODELS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-2/W1-2022 (February 25, 2022): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-2-w1-2022-323-2022.

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Abstract. The study examines the numerous medieval fortified sites that are in ruins throughout the Sicilian territory. Their landscape and historical value is significant, but they are unfortunately abandoned, not in stable conditions and often no metrically reliable graphic representation exists.The methodology we chose required a combined 3D survey campaign and data processing aimed at obtaining 2D and 3D drawings, as well as a virtual reality application to provide knowledge and virtual fruition of the sites.The entire experimental procedure was optimised to provide multi-scalar readings of the sites under investigation, that include their details, the location, territory, and landscape.The article presents the results of a case study carried out on the Maletto Castle in Sicily (Italy).

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Alaoui, Lamyae, Rachida Ait Abdelouahid, Abdelaziz Marzak, and Abdellah Lakhouili. "A Smart Urbanism Management Platform." International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies 17, no. 5 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.20220901.oa5.

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We all aspire to urbanism that recognizes the social, economic, political, cultural and physical-spatial dimensions of cities. Urbanism, which, based on working tools (SDAU, Planning Regulations, etc.) based on a quality model, will allow good practice and good translation of these systems on the territory (neighborhood, city, rural environment, etc). Due to that, we are interested in our article to propose and develop an automated urban planning management platform for the generation of updates proposed by urban planning experts in order to improve the quality of amenagement regulations.

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Priano, Felix Herrera, Rafael Lopez Armas, and Cristina Fajardo Guerra. "Developing Smart Regions." International Journal of E-Planning Research 7, no. 2 (2018): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2018040106.

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Transforming a city into a smart city is a long and complex process. If the aim is to modify large areas (regions/territories), the problem becomes significantly harder. Contrary to what might be expected, combining N smart cities within the same territory will not necessarily lead to a smart region. Although there are several smart-region experiments of an international nature, there is still no benchmark to facilitate this task. In the case of island territories, this task is made less complex due to the common problems that characterize them. This paper analyzes these characteristics, seeks common patterns and proposes a model for the smart development of island territories in an effort to harmonize and optimize the available resources by providing for smart planning that is more orderly, uniform and efficient. To compare the model, we used as a reference the Smart Island proposal designed by the government of Spain as part of its National Plan for Smart Cities (Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism, 2015a).

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Kuandykovna Suyendikova, Guldana, Sergey Evgenievich Barykin, Sergey Mikhailovich Sergeev, Irina Vasilievna Kapustina, Yuri Krupnov, and Natalia NikolaevnaShchepkina. "Sustainable development of smart cities and smart territories based on the model of minimizing externalities." F1000Research 11 (May 13, 2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.114630.1.

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The development of conceptual models of a digital city poses numerous challenges for developers. The public sector concept model has become one of the most difficult models to use. When developing algorithms to find a solution, the multidirectional interests of businesses and public institutions are combined. This type of model reflects the most acute and urgent problems faced by megapolises with regard to combining numerous localized services provided to the community in a limited territory. The administrations of both cities and regions (the scale of the smart territories) must make decisions concerning overcoming the barriers existing between the profits of commercial structures, the negative externalities generated by their activities, and the social benefits to the population in the territory under their control. It is necessary to solve this problem to achieve the effective management of enterprises belonging to the segment of long-term participants in various business activities, interacting with the surrounding social and business environment in a complex. This study takes into account the complex structures of the economic processes characteristic of megacities. The periodicity of economic processes is also taken into account. When choosing an optimization criterion, functions reflecting the level of internalization of responsibility for external effects were considered. The authors propose a mathematical model that can be used as part of the management decision support systems software, aiming at taking into account the externalities of a wide range of national, institutional, business, and social activities.

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Kuandykovna Suyendikova, Guldana, Sergey Evgenievich Barykin, Sergey Mikhailovich Sergeev, Irina Vasilievna Kapustina, Yuri Krupnov, and Natalia NikolaevnaShchepkina. "Sustainable development of smart cities and smart territories based on the model of minimizing externalities." F1000Research 11 (June 6, 2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.114630.2.

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The development of conceptual models of a digital city poses numerous challenges for developers. The public sector concept model has become one of the most difficult models to use. When developing algorithms to find a solution, the multidirectional interests of businesses and public institutions are combined. This type of model reflects the most acute and urgent problems faced by megapolises with regard to combining numerous localized services provided to the community in a limited territory. The administrations of both cities and regions (the scale of the smart territories) must make decisions concerning overcoming the barriers existing between the profits of commercial structures, the negative externalities generated by their activities, and the social benefits to the population in the territory under their control. It is necessary to solve this problem to achieve the effective management of enterprises belonging to the segment of long-term participants in various business activities, interacting with the surrounding social and business environment in a complex. This study takes into account the complex structures of the economic processes characteristic of megacities. The periodicity of economic processes is also taken into account. When choosing an optimization criterion, functions reflecting the level of internalization of responsibility for external effects were considered. The authors propose a mathematical model that can be used as part of the management decision support systems software, aiming at taking into account the externalities of a wide range of national, institutional, business, and social activities.

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NIMISHA, BABY, and K. CHELLAMANI. "IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART CLASSROOMS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PUDUCHERRY UNION TERRITORY." i-manager's Journal on School Educational Technology 14, no. 1 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jsch.14.1.15108.

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Navío-Marco, Julio, Beatriz Rodrigo-Moya, and Paolo Gerli. "The rising importance of the "Smart territory" concept: definition and implications." Land Use Policy 99 (December 2020): 105003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105003.

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Correa Asmuss, Gustavo, Mariluz Nova Laverde, and Jaime Alberto Rendón Acevedo. "Conceiving intelligent territories from the experience of Asopasquillita: environmental education and agroecology." Tendencias 26, no. 1 (2025): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.252601.263.

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Introduction: The environmental crisis, socio-environmental conflicts, and territorial injustices present the challenge of building sustainable cities and communities (Sustainable Development Goal 11). Recognizing and strengthening collective peasant action experiences is key to advancing toward smart, sustainable, and just territories. Objective: This article analyzes the organizational, pedagogical-environmental, and agroecological capacities of Asopasquillita, to propose strategies to strengthen its territory against urban pressures. Methodology: The research adopts the theory of transformation applied to possible territories and the Territorii Method, exploring "real," "lived," and "possible" territorialities within a participatory approach. Techniques such as document review, social mapping, and participatory rural diagnostics were used to identify socio-environmental challenges and opportunities for sustainable development.Results: The results show that urban expansion and pressure on natural resources create conflicts that affect the sustainability of the territory. The community perceives the city as a threat, which has motivated Asopasquillita to implement agroecological practices and environmental education to defend its territory. Conclusions: The "territorial intelligence" approach proves effective by integrating local and academic knowledge in building sustainable solutions to current socio-environmental crises.

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Savchenko, Lidia, and Volodimir Davydenko. "Models of zoning of urban territory for rational delivery in the microconsolidation system." Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020 1, no. 3 (2020): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2020-3-6.

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Urban logistics (or city logistics) is developing rapidly due to the strong growth of e-commerce. Accordingly, the last-mile urban logistics faces a significant number of orders that need to be fulfilled in a dense urban development, environmental constraints and permanent congestion. One of the possible systems of rational city delivery is the use of a network of consolidation centers at the micro level. Such a network provides for a two-tier system of urban delivery - 1) from the central warehouse or warehouses to the network of microconsolidation centers; 2) from microconsolidation centers to end consumers. This scheme is especially relevant in the presence of restrictions on the movement of trucks or heavy vehicles in certain areas of the city, as well as in significant congestion and the problem of parking trucks when unloading at the location of the client. Methods (research methodology). To create a rational delivery network through a microconsolidation system, the primary task is to determine the delivery zones (or geographical clusters) - their number, size, location. To solve this problem, optimization models are proposed based on several minimization criteria - delivery distance, time, cost and integrated distance-time criterion. Results. The result is the optimization models creation, based on those it is possible to divide urban consumers into several delivery zones. Delivery routes are planned within each zone of the respective centroid and minimize the cost of last-mile logistics. Delivery of goods to the centroids can be carried out by light or medium trucks, and within the zones should be dominated by delivery of environmentally friendly modes of transport (motorcycle or moped, bicycle, car, on foot delivery with the possibility of public transport usage). Conclusion. Thus, the article provides a mathematical apparatus for obtaining territorial zoning of existing customers of the city in order to minimize the cost (distance, time or their combination) for delivery within each zone. Perspectives. A perspective study may be an analysis of the costs of operating a network of urban consolidation centers and the delivery of goods from the central warehouse or warehouses to this network. Accordingly, the task of minimizing the total costs of the city freight delivery system should be solved, taking into account economic, environmental and social aspects.

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SONG, Ming-jie, Xin-hai LU, and Fang-jie PAN. "A Geodesign framework for smart territory spatial planning: A case study for county-level comprehensive territory spatial planning." JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 37, no. 11 (2022): 2990. http://dx.doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20221116.

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Reznik, Nadiia. "Peculiarities and ways of resolving the military-political conflict." Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020, no. 26 (August 2024): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2024-26-4.

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The purpose of the article is to analyse the causes of the war that spread across the entire territory of Ukraine in February 2022. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence of international economic and political conflicts, as well as scientific and theoretical approaches to resolving the political conflict that is the root cause of the russian-Ukrainian war. Various methods were used in the research, including the comparative-historical method, the method of source analysis, as well as induction, deduction, synthesis and analysis. This made it possible to gain a deeper understanding of the essence of political and political-economic conflict, as well as to divide political-economic conflicts into conflicts of values, interests, and identification, determining their essential causes. An armed conflict that turns into a war is the most dangerous form of political conflict, as it causes a transition to destructive actions on the territory of the country, involves the involvement of a large number of participants and significant losses among the military and the civilian population. The historical and modern reality in Ukraine since 2014 is characterized by the presence of political and armed conflicts that arose as a result of serious contradictions that were not resolved within the framework of the post-Soviet system. It is because of this that armed, political, economic and inter-ethnic conflicts became more frequent in the 21st century. For a long time, domestic science believed that state power and politics were aimed at finding a balance of the interests of seizing natural, energy and human resources, which was supposed to completely eliminate the conflict. However, the authorities of Ukraine did not cope with the invasion of certain territories, which has been going on for more than eight years. The article analyzes the prerequisites and nature of a full-scale invasion of the territory of Ukraine as a political conflict, and suggests key ways to resolve it. The conclusion states that Ukraine's accession to the EU and NATO is a significant prospect for ensuring future guarantees of peace and protection against further or new invasion of the Russian Federation on our territory.

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Martins, José, Catarina Gonçalves, Jani Silva, Ramiro Gonçalves, and Frederico Branco. "Digital Ecosystem Model for GIAHS: The Barroso Agro-Sylvo-Pastoral System." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (2022): 10349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610349.

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Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) territories are highly relevant to achieving sustainable lifestyles with human subsistence in balance with the ecosystem. The Barroso agro-sylvo-pastoral system is a clear example of this alignment between existing society, nature and natural resources, the environment, landscapes, and contextual heritage. Moreover, the sustainable use of existing natural resources, excellent environmental conditions, and breath-taking untouched landscapes represent a truly relevant factor towards the development of a region economy that is still greatly influenced by an engraved cultural, patrimonial, and agricultural heritage. Given the GIAHS classification attributed to that territory, the need arises to guarantee the existing environmental conditions. This context will allow the maintenance of the GIAHS classification, ensuring the quality of life in the region and stimulating its socio-economic development and overall sustainability. The present article describes a proposal for a digital ecosystem model aimed at the Barroso GIAHS, composed of four main functional hubs that actively interact with each other: smart environment, smart government, smart economy, and smart people. Based on wireless sensor networks, IoT, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and other technological solutions, this solution will allow real-time control of the territory’s environmental conditions and develop more efficient and well-supported management and governance.

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Le Breton, Marie-Anaïs, Mathilde Girardeau, and Helene Bailleul. "From Open Data to Smart City Governing Innovation in the Rennes Metropolitan Area (France)." International Journal of E-Planning Research 10, no. 4 (2021): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20211001.oa2.

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This article is the result of an action-research carried out on the territory of the Rennes metropolis (SmartRennes project). The authors propose a description and analysis of the governance of the smart city based on qualitative approach. Contrary to the idea of a centralised smart city strongly managed by one public actor, they note that the Rennes-style smart city is the result of governance distributed between different poles. They provide complementary methods of description of this governance: a historical vision of smart city actions and measures, an analysis of the values and issues raised by the stakeholders, and a network analysis of governance. Based on qualitative surveys, these results demonstrate the value of a monographic approach in the study of urban innovation and smart city.

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Pasichnyk, Serhii, Anastasiia Maha, Vasyl Kut, and Beata Petrushyna. "Mobile Application Interface for Device Management in the Smart Household System." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Ìnformacìjnì sistemi ta merežì 14 (December 26, 2023): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sisn2023.14.312.

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The article analyzes the features of the development of a complex information system called Smart Household, aimed at automating and improving the implementation of a wide variety of functions in a multi-disciplinary modern household, in particular, such as care for domestic animals, a garden, home territory, etc. The use of an effective mobile interface in this kind of system will allow household owners to monitor and control remotely a lot of useful functions using a mobile phone or a tablet. The Smart Household information system could help with the tasks of taking care of the home territory and a garden, automatic watering of the garden and lawn. The system can be configured for certain time moments according to weather conditions (temperature, humidity), which will allow economical use of water and provide optimal conditions for plant growth.

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Bektemessov, A., and V. E. Vlassyuk. "Designing smart access for transp orts to the territory of «Turan» University." Journal of Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Science 105, no. 1 (2020): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jmmcs.2020.v105.i1.16.

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Raharison, Helios, and Emilie Loup-Escande. "Proposal and Implementation of a User-Centered Design Approach for Smart Grid Technologies: Example of the VERTPOM® Project." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 4 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n4p57.

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Acting to preserve our planet as much as possible is no longer optional in today&#39;s world. To do so, Smart Grids within the framework of electrical networks - involving not only Distribution System Operators (DSOs), but also consumers in their Energy Demand Management (EDM) activity - represent an innovative and sustainable solution. However, the integration of Smart Grids into network management or into consumers&#39; homes implies changes at several levels: organizational, social, psychological, etc. This is why it is essential to consider the human factor in the design of the technologies used in these Smart Grids. This paper proposes the integration of DSO operators and consumers within a user-centered evaluation approach in order to design Smart Grids that are sufficiently acceptable to users to enable Positive Energy Territories that produce more energy than they consume. This demonstration will be illustrated by the VERTPOM&reg; project aiming at facilitating the use of renewable energies specific to each territory in order to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases and make the territories less dependent on traditional energies, and thus make Picardy (in France) a Positive Energy Territory. This paper presents the user-centered evaluation approach applied to three technologies (i.e., the VERTPOM-BANK&reg; supervision tool intended for DSO operators, the private web portal and the IBox smart meter intended for households) from the upstream design phase to the implementation of the technologies in real-life situations.

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Altshuler, Yaniv, Vladimir Yanovsky, Israel A. Wagner, and Alfred M. Bruckstein. "Efficient cooperative search of smart targets using UAV Swarms." Robotica 26, no. 4 (2008): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574708004141.

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SUMMARYThis work examines theCooperative Huntersproblem, where a swarm of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) is used for searching one or more “evading targets,” which are moving in a predefined area while trying to avoid a detection by the swarm. By arranging themselves into efficient geometric flight configurations, the UAVs optimize their integrated sensing capabilities, enabling the search of a maximal territory.

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Shkvarya, L. V., and A. S. Semenov. "Smart Cities: Necessity and Development Strategies." Information and Innovations 15, no. 2 (2020): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31432/1994-2443-2020-15-2-52-58.

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In the twenty-first century different countries and cities are increasingly seeking to introduce quality improvements in their livelihoods, generate for its residents an environment that is called “smart city” on the basis of high technologies. The article shows that the emergence of a “smart” city is an objective necessity due to the rapid growth of cities in the present and in the future. “Smart” city is designed to solve life problems in cities and create conditions for the socio-economic development of cities and countries, and for a favorable stay of residents on its territory. There are a number of strategies to implement the concept of “smart”, but it is important for each urban settlement to develop its own approaches and projects.

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Karpik, Alexander P., Igor A. Musikhin, and Dmitry N. Vetoshkin. "SMART INFORMATION MODELS AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL OF REGIONAL SPATIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 2 (2021): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-2-155-163.

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The need for balanced and sustainable development of the Russian economy requires carrying out a research on the interrelationship of spatial changes in remote regions and their socio-economic growth strategies. The relationship between the spatial development of the territory and the strategic planning of the economy is shown in current regional strategies aimed at socio-economic growth of innovative management blocks based on smart information models of spatial development. The results of theoretical and experimental studies devoted to the development of a methodology for building a smart information model of the territory as well as its testing on one of the residential complexes in Novosibirsk are presented. The main technological solutions applied in the built model that proved it possible to make a breakthrough in the sustainable spatial alignment and economic development of remote regions are given.

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Laurinia, R., and F. Favetta. "ABOUT EXTERNAL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE IN SMART CITIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W3 (September 25, 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w3-51-2017.

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Any territory can easily be considered as an open system in which external effects can greatly influence its evolution in addition to inner dynamics. However, in practically all local authorities, their so-called geographic information or knowledge systems are bounded by the jurisdiction’s limit, and therefore are closed systems. In this paper, we advocate the necessity not only to consider but also to include external influences within any GIS or GKS. Therefore, among external influences, we will consider beyond intra muros knowledge, extra muros knowledge divided in two categories, nearby neighboring knowledge, for instance located in an outer crown around the jurisdiction territory, but also farther knowledge for instance from technology watch. After having analyzed the semantics of borderlines, we suggest some element for the design of the crown and we analyze how the various components of a geographic knowledge base (objects, relations, ontologies, gazetteers, rules, etc.) can be integrated. Then some aspects regarding updating external knowledge are rapidly sketched. As a conclusion, we evoke the necessity of designing administrative protocols so that administration can negotiate the exchange of external knowledge bunches. In other words, this is an attempt to fully integrate the so-called Tobler’s first law of geography.

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SIPAHI, Esra Banu, and Zabihullah SAAYI. "The world’s first “Smart Nation” vision: the case of Singapore." Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal 8, no. 1 (2024): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25019/dvm98x09.

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“Smartization” is the policy that Singapore as a city-state with a small geographical territory, limited natural resources, increasing urban density and aging population but determined to become an exceptional city-state has adopted to overcome various national challenges, improve the quality, efficiency and performance of urban services, sustainable development and overall improvement of citizens’ lives. In this regard, the Smart Nation initiative, which has been undertaken in late 2014 is considered a turning point that aims to make Singapore the first smart nation or the first smart country (mega-smart city) in the world. This paper is dedicated to the study of Singapore’s digitization process, especially the initiative of Smart Nation, which is an upgraded version of the smart city. In the framework of this article, the factors of Singapore’s transition to the digitization process, especially the Smart Nation initiative, are discussed, the plans and programs related to this process and the country’s achievements in this direction are explained. Meanwhile, along with all the achievements, the challenges, limitations and problems of the initiative of forming the Smart Nation have been pointed out.

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Kalinka, Maris, Sanda Geipele, Edgars Pudzis, Andrejs Lazdins, Una Krutova, and Jurijs Holms. "Indicators for the Smart Development of Villages and Neighbourhoods in Baltic Sea Coastal Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (2020): 5293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135293.

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A formal village/neighbourhood planning process is typically focused on three planning levels (national, regional and local) and is usually linked with administrative units of the territory (state, region or municipality). The local planning level (village or neighbourhood) “pocket plan” is a development challenge for spatial planners. The small coastal village Tuja in Latvia was taken as a pilot territory for “pocket planning” due to the unique location; biodiversity and ecosystems; significant natural, cultural, economic and social values; specific interests; and the needs of the involved local society. All these factors create a dynamic flow of data and information. Geographic information systems (GIS) are widely used as planning support systems. GISs for pocket plans must accommodate the special needs of communities in villages and neighbourhoods. Ensuring the availability of information in dynamic real time is an opportunity to build both community integration in specific environments and to understand the future plans of the territory. Access to a WEB-GIS (internet GIS) provides possibilities for every person with a mobile phone to use and update information. Static and statistical information is generally used for spatial planning. For pocket plans, the data and information flow has to be dynamic and has to interact with non-professional users. The special wishes and needs of every member of a community must be accommodated by a pocket plan for the well-being of the people and the sustainability of the surrounding territory. Small territory planning involves a very narrow circle of individuals or communities that identify spatial development needs for the future, which includes the socio-economic, cultural, historical, environmental and climate change scenarios. In order to assess the development opportunities and needs of such areas, the detection, accumulation and monitoring of reliable data is necessary. Methodically derived data (facts) provide objectivity and transparency. Currently, as information between the present and the past is able to circulate very fast, analysis of the current situation to forecast the future and show different constructed realities (scenarios) using a GIS is necessary. Therefore, to explore and determine a local needs-based and smart spatial planning approach, we must identify indicators that can be used for the short-term and long-term analysis of specific territories in coastal areas.

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Morishita-Steffen, Naomi, Rémi Alberola, Baptiste Mougeot, et al. "Smarter Together: Progressing Smart Data Platforms in Lyon, Munich, and Vienna." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041075.

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In a context where digital giants are increasingly influencing the actions decided by public policies, smart data platforms are a tool for collecting a great deal of information on the territory and a means of producing effective public policies to meet contemporary challenges, improve the quality of the city, and create new services. Within the framework of the Smarter Together project, the cities of Lyon (France), Munich (Germany), and Vienna (Austria) have integrated this tool into their city’s metabolism and use it at different scales. Nevertheless, the principle remains the same: the collection (or even dissemination) of internal and external data to the administration will enable the communities, companies, not-for-profit organizations, and civic administrations to “measure” the city and identify areas for improvement in the territory. Furthermore, through open data logics, public authorities can encourage external partners to become actors in territorial action by using findings from the data to produce services that will contribute to the development of the territory and increase the quality of the city and its infrastructure. Nevertheless, based on data that is relatively complex to extract and process, public data platforms raise many legal, technical, economic, and social issues. The cities either avoided collecting personal data or when dealing with sensitive data, use anonymized aggregated data. Cocreation activities with municipal, commercial, civil society stakeholders, and citizens adopted the strategies and tools of the intelligent data platforms to develop new urban mobility and government informational services for both citizens and public authorities. The data platforms are evolving for transparent alignment with 2030 climate-neutrality objectives while municipalities strive for greater agility to respond to disruptive events like the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Osipov, A. K. "MODERN URBAN CONCEPTS IN THEIR APPLICATION TO THE TERRITORY OF UDMURTIA." Social’no-ekonomiceskoe upravlenie: teoria i praktika 18, no. 3 (2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2618-9763-2022-3-30-42.

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The article discusses the possibilities of implementing three urban concepts in the territory of Udmurtia: agglomeration development, poles of growth and a “smart city”, which are actively discussed in the scientific literature. The most widespread and practically implemented is the concept of urban agglomeration, according to which the article studies the features of the development of the Izhevsk agglomeration at the present stage and provides recommendations for its regulation, in particular, these are measures for: a) socio-economic development of rural areas of the republic in order to increase its attractiveness; b) infrastructure development and rationalization of the structure production and improving the efficiency of industrial development of the cities included in the Izhevsk agglomeration. In this regard, the implementation of the regional target program “Izhevsk agglomeration” is proposed. Next, the concept of polarized development is considered, the theoretical and methodological foundations of this process are revealed, the analysis and assessment of the state of the centers and poles of growth in Udmurtia is carried out and recommendations are given to stimulate the development of the latter. As recommendations, it is proposed to implement an active regional policy and the introduction of strategic planning methods into the practice of regional management. In conclusion, the possibilities of implementing the concept of “smart city” in Udmurtia are studied.

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Nieto Bernal, Wilson, and Keryn Lorena García Espitaleta. "Framework for Developing an Information Technology Maturity Model for Smart City Services in Emerging Economies: (FSCE2)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (2021): 10712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210712.

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The goal of this research is to design a framework to develop an information technology (IT) maturity model to guide the planning, design, and implementation of smart city services. The objectives of the proposed model are to define qualitatively and measure quantitatively the maturity levels for the IT dimensions used by smart cities (IT governance, IT services, data management and infrastructure), and to develop an implementation model that is practical and contextualized to the needs of any territory that wants to create or improve smart city services. The proposed framework consists of three components: a conceptual model of smart city services, IT dimensions and indicators, and IT maturity levels. The framework was validated by applying it to a case study for the evaluation of the IT maturity levels for the city of Cereté, Colombia.

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Batalov, M.-E. H., and D. D. Maigova. "MODELS OF TRAFFIC AND PEDESTRIAN FLOWS FOR ORGANIZATION OF SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT TRAFFIC." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 6/5, no. 147 (2024): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.06.05.008.

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The article defines the importance of traffic in conditions of average complexity. The objectives of the study and all its main elements and characteristics are defined. The object of the study is a section of the North-Western Expressway of Moscow, corresponding to Bolshaya Akademicheskaya Street in the Koptevo area and bounded by Mikhalkovskaya Street and the 3rd Nizhnelikhoborsky passage. As a result of the study, a transport system graph model was created that bounds the territory delimiting transport and pedestrian flows. The model takes into account points of view when flows intersect and merge. The results of the study formed the basis of a mathematical model of traffic in problem areas of restricted territory. Conclusions are drawn about the consequences of the results obtained and their use in the «smart city» system.

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Iswardhana, Muhammad Ridha, and Puguh Toko Arisanto. "IMPLEMENTASI SMART POWER DAN LINKAGE ISSUES INDONESIA DALAM PERLINDUNGAN KEDAULATAN MARITIM DI KEPULAUAN NATUNA." Madani Jurnal Politik dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 14, no. 02 (2022): 210–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/madani.v14i02.3240.

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The study will discuss the protection of Indonesia's maritime sovereignty in Natuna using the theory of smart power, linkage issues, and national security. First, smart power explains the use of power; the Indonesian government intelligently combines various decisions and resources to gain China's legitimacy regarding national interests in Natuna. Second, the Linkage Issues theory identifies the use of policies outside the defence sector that impact China. Third, national security explains various efforts to protect Indonesia's sovereignty in various fields, such as trade and politics. The research method is qualitative explanatory as a case study analysis to explain Indonesia's strategy to protect the sovereign territory in Natuna. This research shows Indonesia as a great country with a higher bargaining position that tries to protect its sovereign territory. The article proves that Indonesia has a strong bargaining position in protecting the Natuna region by using various strategic policies that impact China, even though China is more assertive in the political and military aspects.

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Nikitaeva, Anastasia Y., Olga A. Chernova, and Lesego Molapisi. "Smart territories as a driver for the transition to sustainable regional development and green economy." R-Economy 8, no. 2 (2022): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.2.010.

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Relevance. Even though there is a general agreement regarding the importance of the transition to a green economy, this process still has a long way to go, which makes the research on the role of smart territories particularly relevant. Research objective. The study aims to describe the opportunities and areas of digital transformation of territories with a focus on the transition to a green economy. Data and methods. The research methods include content analysis, case study, mapping, and matrix analysis. The data sources were scientific articles presented in the Scopus database, materials from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, the Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technologies, and Energy Security, materials from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Botswana, the Botswana Energy Company. Results. Using the case of Botswana, the study showed that the establishment of a smart territory is the core mechanism of a transition to a green economy. Smart territories help regional governments to reach the sustainable development goals by using cutting-edge digital technologies. Conclusions. The article proposes a new approach to analyzing the transition to a green economy. This approach can also be applied to reconsider the composition and roles of the drivers of territorial development. The proposed methodology can be used to create a smart contour for the development of a given territory, taking into account the region’s industrial specialization, and to identify the most promising areas and "bottlenecks".

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Font Aranda, Mabel, and Joana María Petrus Bey. "Metodología para la gestión integrada e inteligente de destinos turísticos de Manabí – Ecuador." International Journal of Professional Business Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2021.v6i1.208.

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Objective: Systematize methodologies that harmonize integrated and smart tourist destinations management with geographic information, for making timely and accurate decisions, contributing to quality in the context of the cantonal tourist territories of the province, Manabí - Ecuador. Methodology / approach: The paradigms of the management of tourist destinations that reconcile all the participants, policies, components and parts of the system; expressed in an integrated management. The use of information and communication technologies is geared towards smart management, that envolve tourists, communities and managers. Everything in tourism is tied to space and territory, the information systems used require a response to the “where” through analysis and representation tools of places. Originality / Relevance: The sequence of steps of various methodologies and of the systematized theory, focus the integrated and smart tourim destination management, in the transit from the parts to the whole. In practice, it implies the voluntary participation of businessmen, interested in the homogeneous improvement of tourist quality in the territory. Main results: A theoretical model of the concepts that make up the understanding of the integrated and smart tourism destination management and territories for the improvement of quality. A reconfigured methodology from others, for putting the theoretical model into practice. Theoretical / methodological contributions: Guidance for decision-making in tourist territories and understanding by entrepreneurs and managers, to reverse the particular improvement of their businesses, in the homogeneous improvement of the tourist quality of the territories and tourist destinations of the Manabí province.

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de Almeida Fagundes, Cinthia, and Lindon Fonseca Matias. "Smart Cities: Contradictions Yet Opportunities for a Better Urban World." Human Geography 11, no. 1 (2018): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861801100102.

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This article presents a critical analysis of the “smart city” concept. The argument focuses on contradictions in the symbols of urban prosperity, unraveling of the social agents involved and their interests, and an investigation of the processes resulting from investments in technology and innovation selectively performed in a territory. We propose three approaches for understanding the smart city project, in the light of analytical resources provided by the Brazilian geographer Milton Santos. Through these analyses we point to the strengths and weaknesses of the concept.

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Dubrovsky, Alexey, Anastasia Ilinykh, Galina Yurina, and Tatyana Mezhueva. "Environmental aspects of designing urban infrastructure for smart cities." E3S Web of Conferences 311 (2021): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131107006.

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The article discusses the need to develop elements of smart rational design of urban space with recreational areas and focus on creating an environmentally friendly environment. The authors proposed a sequence of measures to control the recreational provision of the territory of the settlement. The authors highlight the factors influencing the development of underground urban space and the principles of the formation of an ecocity as promising directions for organizing urban space. The article presents the principles of rational organization of urban space.

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Garau, Chiara. "From Territory to Smartphone: Smart Fruition of Cultural Heritage for Dynamic Tourism Development." Planning Practice & Research 29, no. 3 (2014): 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2014.929837.

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Lepore, Dominique, and Francesca Spigarelli. "Integrating Industry 4.0 plans into regional innovation strategies." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 35, no. 5 (2020): 496–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094220937452.

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The article aims to shed light on why and how Smart Specialization Strategies in European countries can promote the development of Industry 4.0 actions in the next programming period 2021–2027. Smart Specialization Strategies could hold a strategic function in the adoption of Industry 4.0 by supporting technological innovation based on the potential of each territory. An integration of Smart Specialization Strategies and Industry 4.0 could be achieved by leveraging on the common collaborative approaches of the two policies, which call for the involvement of multiple stakeholders in their definition and implementation, as national and regional institutions, academia, firms and user. In order to identify enablers that can favour the integration of the two policies, empirical evidence is retrieved from selected technical reports, events and news press from the Smart Specialization platform. Based on the findings, future directions for guiding the revision of the Smart Specialization Strategies towards effectively embedding Industry 4.0 are presented.

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Ризванова, А. Я. "The concept of smart regions in the context of the spatial development of the Russian Federation." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 8(133) (November 16, 2021): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.133.8.080.

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Статья посвящена выявлению особенностей пространственного развития Российской Федерации в условиях цифровизации. Одним из эффективных инструментов реализации целей стратегического планирования является концепция smart-региона. На основе систематизации исследований автор предлагает разработку концепции smart-региона в пространственном развитии Российской Федерации, которая учитывает социально-экономические свойства территории. Представляется, что для формирования концепции smart-региона требуется комплекс разнонаправленных процессов, учитывающих пространственное развитие территорий. Результаты исследования могут служить основой для формирования научно обоснованной методологии в области развития территорий с применением smart-концепции. The aim of the article is to identifying the features of the spatial development of the Russian Federation in the context of digitalization. One of the most effective tools for achieving the goals of the strategic planning is the concept of a smart region. The author proposes the development of the concept of a smart-region in the spatial development of the Russian Federation which based on the systematization of research and considers the socio-economic properties of the territory. It is expected that the formation of the concept of a smart-region requires a complex of multidirectional processes that consider the spatial development of territories. The research results are the basis for the formation of a scientifically based methodology in the field of territorial development using a smart concept.

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Baranova, A., and E. Vorobey. "Development of the sphere of recreation and tourism - direction of digital transformation “Smart City”." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022403009.

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The concept of “smart city” is becoming more and more popular. Analysis of the literature showed that the meaning of the word “smart city” is multifaceted. The authors are similar in that the implementation of tasks under the concept of “smart city” will lead to economic growth of the territory and achieve high quality of life through the active introduction of information technology in the processes of life support. The majority of publications deal with the development of a “smart city” as a municipality and provide a method of ranking them by digitalization levels. This article uses the example of the recreation and tourism sector as an example to offer an assessment of digitalization within the industry, which will reveal competitive organizations within the industry. The article substantiates that the sphere of recreation and tourism as a direction of digital transformation of “smart resort” is a driver of development and implementation of IT technologies. And this will lead to the future development of “smart city” as a whole.

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Semyachkov, K. A. "Innovative Potential of the Smart City." Zhurnal Economicheskoj Teorii 18, no. 3 (2021): 474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-3.11.

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This study aims to systematize the main factors of the smart city model that affect the increment of the territorial innovative potential. The development of digital technologies and new forms of socio-economic interactions built on their basis has a significant impact on urban transformations and the innovative processes associated with the development of the urban environment. Methodologically, the study relies on a system logical analysis of Russian and international publications in this field. The study reveals the features of the smart city model that significantly increase the innovative potential of modern cities. It is shown that the smart city model enhances the effect of the factors that can significantly increase the innovative potential of a territory. The main factors of innovative development include the availability of digital infrastructure, the development of high-tech businesses and creative industries, social integration, and so on. The study has both theoretical and practical significance and its findings can be used in further research on the topic of smart cities and innovative development.

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Gastaud, E. "FROM INTERNET OF THINGS TO SMART DATA FOR SMART URBAN MONITORING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W3 (September 25, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w3-19-2017.

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Cities are facing some of the major challenges of our time: global warming, pollution, waste management, energy efficiency. The territory of the Metropolis of Lyon, France, which brings together 59 municipalities, for a total of 1.3 million inhabitants, has launched a smart city policy aimed, among other things, at finding solutions for these issues. The data platform set up in 2013 is one of the cornerstones of this policy. In this context, the Metropolis of Lyon is deploying solutions that will enable, through the collection of new data, to implement monitoring and action tools in several fields. As part of a European innovation project called "bIoTope", focused on the development of new services based on the Internet of Things, a multidisciplinary team is implementing a system to mitigate the effects of global warming in the city. Thanks to various connected objects allowing a true monitoring of the trees, and by using different data sources, an automatic and intelligent irrigation system is developed. In the field of waste management, several hundred containers in which the inhabitants throw away their used glass for recycling will soon be equipped with fill rate sensors. The main objective is to have this network of sensors interact easily with the container collection trucks. Expected results are an optimization of the collection, thus less fuel consumed, less noise, less traffic jam. The Metropolis of Lyon also participates in the "Smarter Together" project, focused on the development of intelligent duplicable solutions for cities, in the field of energy. A digital tool for analysing consumption and energy production at the level of a neighbourhood is currently being developed. This requires both interfaces with multiple partners, the development of a data model reflecting the reality of the terrain, from the sensors to the buildings, and the implementation of a visualization tool.

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Voorwinden, Astrid. "Regulating the Smart City in European Municipalities: A Case Study of Amsterdam." European Public Law 28, Issue 1 (2022): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2022008.

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This article studies how local governments interface with the adoption of smart city initiatives, and the challenges this poses from a public law perspective. Although every smart city develops within an administrative territory regulated by a local government, this dimension often remains overlooked in legal and smart city literature. Municipal governments can act as regulators through their existing competences in spatial planning, environmental protection, local by-laws, financial subsidies, and partnerships. However, through an analysis of the Amsterdam Smart City program, this article shows that the smart city challenges this traditional role as regulator. Specifically, it observes four elements: (1) fragmentation, (2) networked governance, (3) multilevel governance, and (4) experimentation. These elements illustrate four challenges for the role and position of municipalities in the smart city: (1) collaborating across municipal departments, (2) steering smart city programs through public-private networks, (3) navigating the limits of local government’s powers on smart city issues, and (4) experimenting with new forms of public procurement. These challenges push municipal governments to find new ways to fulfil their role as public authorities, such as the creation of new municipal departments, the development of soft law instruments, and the use of innovative procurement. Legal research needs to examine these shifts in a context where citizens’ rights are put under pressure. smart city, municipal government, local government, public-private partnerships, networks, governance, privatization, digitization

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