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1
Michel, Claire. « Praticiens réflexifs et pouvoir d'entendre en travail social : quelle place pour les approches biographiques en formation ? » Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH052.
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Intéressée par les personnes accompagnées et l'écoute des souffrances psycho-sociales des usagers par les professionnels de l'intervention sociale, l'auteure interroge les dispositifs de formation dans ce domaine d'activité. Après avoir observé une injonction forte à la réflexivité dans le parcours de formation des futurs travailleurs sociaux, elle questionne ce tournant réflexif à partir des liens qui existent entre la figure idéal-typique de l'individu contemporain et la prise en compte des surdéterminations sociales dans le travail d'écoute et d'accompagnement chez les professionnels du champ de l'éducation spécialisée. Préoccupée de la façon dont le dispositif de formation pourrait davantage soutenir une perspective « techniciste » de l'intervention sociale, l'auteure introduit la pratique des récits de vie à partir d'un dispositif d'accompagnement collectif et clinique, auprès de huit étudiants. La recherche biographique, et plus précisément la sociologie clinique, semblent s'avérer particulièrement pertinentes, en complémentarité de l'approche par compétences, pour la formation des futurs travailleurs sociaux et la construction de leur identité professionnelle. Favorisant le développement du « pouvoir d'entendre » des futurs professionnels, ces approches accordent en effet une place prépondérante aux processus de subjectivation, tout en mettant en commun le projet collectif du « prendre soin d'autrui ». Il s'agit alors de porter attention à la construction d'une posture professionnelle spécifique à partir d'un travail de relecture existentielle visant, pour les étudiants, à mieux préciser « ce que je fais avec ce que je suis » dans l'activité professionnelleInterested in the people that are being supported and the listening to the psycho-social suffering of users by social intervention professionals, the author questions the training systems in this field of activity. After having observed a strong injunction to reflexivity in the training of future social workers, she questions this reflexive turn based on the links that exist between the ideal-typical figure of the contemporary individual and the taking into account of social overdeterminations in the work of listening and support among professionals in the field of special education. Concerned by the way in which the training system could further support a « technicist » perspective of social intervention, the author introduces the pratice of life stories through a collective and clinical support system, with eight students. Biographical research, and more precisely clinical sociology, seem to be particularly pertinent with the skills-based approach, for the training of future social workers and the construction of their professional identity. Promoting the development of the « power to hear » of future professionals, these approaches indeed give a prominent place to processes of subjectivation, while sharing the collective project of « taking care of others ». It is then a question of paying attention to the construction of a specific professional posture from a work of existential rereading aimed, for the students, at better specifying « what I do with what I am » in the professional activity
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Mabry, J. Beth. « Social Structure and Anger : Social Psychological Mediators ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29665.
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This study uses 1996 General Social Survey data to examine potential social psychological mediators, suggested by equity theory and research on distress, of the relationship between social structure and anger. A broader social structure and personality approach to anger is compared with the equity and stress models proposed.
Among social structural locations, anger varies only by age when other social characteristics are controlled in OLS regressions. Frequency of anger declines with age. No direct relationship between anger and gender, ethnicity, education, income, or marital or parental statuses is evident. However, the tendency to express anger is associated with more frequent anger.
Equity beliefs about gender and individualism do not significantly affect anger. However, the belief that others cannot be trusted is positively related to anger and mediates the relationship between age and anger. Similar to findings related to distress, both self-efficacy and social integration suppress anger.
As suggested by the social structure and personality approach, combining cultural factors, such as beliefs, and proximal influences, such as social and personal resources, explains more of the relationship between social structure and anger than either an equity or stress model alone. Mistrust and self-efficacy together explain more variation in the frequency of anger than either alone.
In this study, social disadvantage does not directly predict anger. Because anger is prevalent in work and family relationships, the relationship between age and anger may be explained by age-graded changes in work and family roles (Schieman 1999). However, this would not explain the lack of variation in anger by other structural locations in which social disadvantage likely affects work and family relationships.
The social psychological factors that have the most significant effect anger in this study (mistrust and self-efficacy) vary by ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Were it not for greater mistrust and lower self-efficacy, blacks and the socioeconomically disadvantaged would be angry significantly less often than whites and those of higher socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that expectations and perceptions of control, shaped by in-group comparisons and experience and which vary by social structural location, may affect anger.Ph. D.
3
Fairbanks, Megan Ann. « Well-being social+physical+psychological+spiritual / ». Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212127666.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: George Thomas Bible (Committee Chair), Elizabeth Riorden (Committee Co-Chair). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Sept. 7, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: well-being; social; patterns. Includes bibliographical references.
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Alleyne, Emma Kirsten Abiodun. « Gang membership : Behavioural, social psychological characteristics ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529413.
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Ashford, Paul. « Social psychological dimensions in environmental response ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804430/.
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FAIRBANKS, MEGAN ANN. « well-being : social+physical+psychological+spiritual ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212127666.
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Waddington, David P. « A social psychological analysis of strikes ». Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12165/.
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A participant observation method was employed :in the study of a 20-week stoppage at Ansells Brewery Limited, a constituent company of Allied Breweries (U.K.). The strike, :involving 1,000 workers, began :in opposition to the implementation of a four-day working week and culminated in the permanent closure of the brewery. The three main phases of the strike's development (i.e., its :initiation, maintenance and termination) were analysed according to a social-cognitive approach, based on the psychological imagery, beliefs, values and perceptions underlying the employees' behaviour. Previous psychological treatments of strikes have tended to ignore many of the aspects of social definition, planning and coordination that are an integral part of industrial action. The present study is, therefore, unique in concentrating on the thought processes by which striking workers .make sense of their current situation and collectively formulate an appropriate response. The Ansells strike provides an especially vivid illustration of the ways in which the seminal insights of a small number of individuals are developed, via processes of communication and:influence, into a consensual interpretation of reality. By adopting a historical perspective, it has been possible to demonstrate how contemporary definitions are shaped by the prior history of union-management relations, particularly with regard to: (a) the way that previous events were subjectively interpreted, and (b) the lessons that were learned on the basis of that experience. The present approach is psychological insofar as it deals with the cognitive elements of strike action. However, to the extent that it draws from relevant sections of the industrial relations, organizational behaviour, sociology, anthropology and linguistics literatures, it can claim to be truly interdisciplinary.
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Oesterle, Sabrina. « The social psychological and social structural contexts of environmental action / ». Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
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De, Andrade Ruaan Kriel. « The relationship between psychological capital and psychological well-being ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020096.
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A study of the available literature on Psychological WellQBeing and Positive Organisational Scholarship revealed that enormous potential existed for further research. This is a relatively new field with limited literature and research evidence available. It became very clear from the beginning that the relationships between these constructs could successfully be researched. It was therefore decided to embark on an academic research journey in order to contribute to the existing knowledge available on these constructs within the South African Private Healthcare Industry. This quantitative research was used to obtain more clarity about the relationships between the two constructs and to gather the responses from the research population. The research sample consisted of 152 nursing staff. Two questionnaires were integrated to develop the Nursing Psychological WellQBeing Questionnaire and consisted of i) PsyCap Questionnaire developed by Luthans, Youssef and Avolio2007, and ii) Psychological WellQBeing Questionnaire developed by Ryff 2000. A total of 152 nursing staff responded to an 87–item paperQbased questionnaire. Four research questions were formulated and covered the following: •The content, validity and portability of the measuring instruments; •The configuration of the various constructs; • Relationships between some of the variables . The content and the structure of the measuring instruments were assessed by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and) Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA). These assessments showed that the original measuring instruments are not portable to a culture which is different to the one where they were originally developed. The relationship between dimensions of Psychological WellQBeing and PsyCap sense of achievement and optimism is a significant finding. The significance of the findings of this study and the contribution that it makes to the existing theory is seen in the importance of the portability of measuring instruments. Recommendations in this regard have been made in Chapter 5. Various findings have also highlighted the relationships between Psychological WellQBeing and PsyCap. The importance of future research topics has been recommended.
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Bell, Bonnie M. « The psychological/social impact of cochlear implants / ». Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1003.
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Krahé, Barbara. « Coping with rape : a social psychological perspective ». Universität Potsdam, 1992. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3397/.
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Content
Social stereotypes and responsibility attributions to victims of rape
Atributing responsibillty to rape victims: a German study
Rape myth acceptance and responsibility judgments: a British study
Police officers' definitions of rape
A study on cognitive prototypes of rape
Conclusion
References
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McKenzie, Samantha L. « Psychological and social aspects of bariatric surgery ». Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4936.
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This portfolio has three parts. The first is a systematic literature review, in which the psychological and social factors associated with successful weight loss after bariatric surgery are reviewed. The second part is an empirical paper, which investigates the experiences of women who have successfully lost weight following bariatric surgery, specifically with reference to changes in self-concept. Seven women were interviewed and emergent themes were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nine subthemes were identified, clustered into three superordinate themes: (1) 'obesity as socially unacceptable', (2) 'making a case for surgery', and (3) 'the slim self as socially acceptable'. Links to self-concept were made, and clinical implications were discussed. The third part of the portfolio comprises of the reflective statement and appendices.
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Modayil, Mary Varughese. « Internet use, social and psychological well-being ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60471.pdf.
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Kennerley, H. A. « Psychological and social aspects of maternity blues ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371549.
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Armstrong, Alison J. « Mindfulness and consumerism : a social psychological investigation ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576094.
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We must consume to live. However, the consumption of goods and resources in developed countries is so considerable that it is associated with low psychological wellbeing and is a contributor to several social and ecological problems. The psychological motivators that sustain such consumption may relate to attempts to resolve affect or identity difficulties, whereby consumer activities and goods offer emotional or symbolic functions. At an extreme, compulsive buyers are addicted to buying, and thus experience a range of psychological, relationship and financial difficulties. This thesis explores the concept of mindfulness as a distinctive way of thinking and being: non-judgementally aware of the present moment. Through mindfulness, human wellbeing needs can be met by shifting default perspectives around such psychologically motivated consumption. It is suggested that mindfulness can enable an improvement in wellbeing and reduced reliance on consumption behaviour or goods to fulfil affective or symbolic needs. There is a paucity of research applying mindfulness to consumption-related applications, and thus the potential mechanisms for change and possible outcomes are largely unknown or only hypothesised. To address this, three studies explore whether mindfulness has measurable potential in this area, and what is experienced when either general or compulsive buying groups learn mindfulness. The first study confirms that mindfulness is negatively related to variables connected with consumption, and positively related to wellbeing measures. The second study provides insights into learning processes and reported changes resulting from mindfulness training. Compulsive buyers were researched in the third study. Findings show that learning mindfulness brings reported change in areas related to affect regulation and sense of self experiences such that there is a decreased emphasis on consumer goods being sought for their emotional or symbolic properties. The implication from these studies is that increasing mindfulness is potentially beneficial for individual, social and ecological wellbeing.
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Sinicki, Justin M. « A Social Psychological Perspective on Student Consumerism ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1493396227402883.
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Cross, Patricia A. (Patricia Ann) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. « A social psychological investigation of UFO sighters ». Ottawa, 1992.
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Jolley, Daniel. « The social psychological consequences of conspiracy theories ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/47912/.
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Conspiracy theories point accusing fingers at authorities, and offer alternatives to official explanations. Scholars have argued that in doing so, they may therefore subvert social systems and undermine confidence in established political, health and environmental positions. In this thesis we empirically put these arguments to the test. In four experiments, we found that exposure to conspiracy theories reduced people’s intention to engage in (a) the political system, (b) environmentally-friendly initiatives and (c) childhood vaccination (Chapters 2 and 3). Ironically however, instead of undermining the social status quo, we found in four experiments that conspiracy theories appear to bolster satisfaction with social systems. They appear to do so because they explain tragedies, disasters and social problems on the actions of destructive individuals and groups, rather than inherent flaws in society. By drawing attention away from the deeper limitations of social systems, conspiracy theories may therefore reduce, rather than increase, the likelihood of social and political change (Chapter 4). Finally, we found that once people have been exposed to conspiracy theories, the negative effects are difficult to attenuate. In two experiments we tested interventions based on counter-arguments (e.g., that vaccines are safe instead of harmful) and a pre-warning that detailed people’s tendency to rely on retracted information. However, both were found to be ineffective in improving intentions to vaccinate a fictional child (Chapter 5). Overall, the research outlined in this thesis highlights some of the potentially damaging consequences of conspiracy theories. This research opens up new avenues for enquiry and calls for ongoing investigations to address the growth of conspiracism in society.
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Wert, Janine Jackson. « Psychological Inoculation and Resiliency Training Program ». The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406653492.
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Hughes, Kathryn. « Psychological aspects of criminal propensity ». Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/25777/.
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The psychological aspects of propensity to offend are considered. The relationship between attitude, personality, and reported offending is explored. Some literature considers how attitude influences offending; others look at the relationship between personality and offending. The present thesis proposes that there is a complex relationship between all three. The Attitude to Offending Style Scale measures preferences towards hypothetical offending styles. Shultzs’ FIRO-B explores the structure of interpersonal personality. Finally, an adaptation of Youngs’ D42 (D45) explores styles and level of reported offending. 254 members of the general public complete each of these self-report scales. An SSA-I tests the construct validity and structure of the scales stated above. Multiple regression analyses explore the relationship between attitude and personality, and how these influence level of reported offending. The moderating role of interpersonal personality is also considered. The findings reveal that Attitudes are categorized as: Instrumental or Expressive high risk, and Low risk. Shultzs’ FIRO-B scale has four facets: Expressed Inclusion Expressed Control, Received Inclusion and Received Control. Finally, reported offending is categorised as More or Less serious, Instrumental or Expressive, and target Person or Property. Results show that variations in attitude and personality styles are related to level of reported offending. Furthermore, it was found that the relationship between attitude and level of reported offending is moderated by level of ‘Received Control’. More specifically, when an individual shows a positive attitude towards Instrumental high risk crimes and feel ‘controlled by others’, their level of reported offending is also likely to be high. The presented research shows the value of considering attitudes towards offending, the moderating role of interpersonal personality, and how this relates to level of reported offending. The methods employed throughout the thesis demonstrate the strength and validity of self-report measures. Results are applicable to many areas, including direction and methods in future research. The findings can be applied to areas such as rehabilitation, interview techniques and preventative measures.
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Drury, John. « Collective action and psychological change ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337762.
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Sones, David L. « Psychological Models and the Stock of Knowledge ». PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4743.
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The research sought to ascertain whether or not psychological ideas and notions ("psychological models") are used to explain human behavior and human characteristics in everyday life, and if so, are these psychological models similar to the schools of thought within the field of psychology? Also of interest was whether or not "statistical categories" use psychological models as a "style of thought," and if so, are psychological models part of the current American Weltanschauungen? The convenience sample consisted of 34 respondents who were taking an introductory sociology course, and 39 respondents from non-college settings. An open-ended questionnaire containing 13 questions asking for causal explanations of human behaviors and characteristics was used. Students filled out the questionnaire during a class and returned the questionnaires at the end of the class. The questionnaires that were administered in non-college settings were distributed by research assistants at their places of employment and collected within 24 hours. Over 900 causal explanations of human behaviors and human characteristics were collected. Each causal explanation was coded in terms of the basic cause or causes given in the causal explanation of the respondent. The causes given in the respondents• causal explanations were analyzed and it was determined what "kinds of causal explanations" respondents used. Five kinds of causal explanations were found to be used by the respondents. These were: 1) psychological explanations; 2) interpersonal explanations; 3) physiological explanations; 4) social structural explanations; and 5) cultural explanations. Also, there were multi-causal explanations which consisted of combinations of the 5 kinds of mono-causal explanations. From the kinds of causal explanations given by respondents a typology of the kinds of models respondents used to explain human behavior was developed. Each causal explanation given by a respondent was cla$sified in terms of the models typology. It was the "models" variable which was derived from the kinds of causal explanations that respondents gave that was the main variable in the research. The first part of the analysis assigned each respondent a "dominant model." The dominant model used by a respondent was determined by assessing what kind of model a respondent used more frequently than any other kind of model in the 13 causal explanations the respondent gave. The second part of the analysis assigned a dominant model to various statistical "categories" which were based on age, sex, or education. The dominant model of a category was determined by assessing the dominant model used for each question, then determining what kind of dominant model was used most frequently for explaining the 13 behaviors or characteristics. When examining the dominant model used by each respondent it was found that individuals in the sample tended to use a psychological model more frequently than any other kind of model when explaining human behaviors and characteristics. Additionally, when the age, or sex, or education of the respondent was considered in the analysis of the dominant model used by an individual it was found that only the individuals between 25 and 40 years of age tended not to use a psychological model as their dominant model. When examining the dominant model used by statistical categories, categories whose membership was based on age, sex, or education, it was found that categories tended to use a psychological model as their dominant model. However, the category "25 to 40 years of age" did not use a psychological model as the dominant model. Also, when the category whose membership was based on having taken psychology courses was compared in detail to the category whose membership was based on having not taken psychology courses it was found that these two categories used dominant and other models similarly.
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Krahé, Barbara. « Social psychological issues in the study of rape ». Universität Potsdam, 1991. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3390/.
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The chapter presents a social psychological approach to the study of rape and sexual assault. Two issues are at the core of this approach: identifying the critical variables that affect attributions of responsibility to victims of rape. and exploring people's subjective definitions of rape, which may differ markedly from legal definitions. Following a review of the American evidence, a series of studies conductcd in two European countries is presented to address these issues.
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Hasselmo, Karen Elizabeth, et Karen Elizabeth Hasselmo. « Psychological, Social, and Immunological Outcomes following Marital Separation ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625844.
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Close relationships play an integral role in human health (Coan & Sbarra, 2015). It follows, then, that the dissolution of an important relationship can have a variety of negative health consequences (Amato, 2010; Kitson & Morgan, 1990; Sbarra, Law, & Portley, 2011), and social loss confers vulnerability to a range of morbidities and early mortality. Disrupted marital status is one of the strongest sociodemographic predictors of stress-induced physical illness (Somers, 1979) and marital disruption has long been reported as one of life's most stressful events (Bloom, Asher, & White, 1978). Robust evidence links divorce or separation to poorer health outcomes; however, the exact mechanisms through which relationship dissolution influences our health so profoundly are not yet fully elucidated (Sbarra, Hasselmo, & Bourassa, 2015). The current study investigated how changes in psychological responses to divorce are associated with changes in immune responding in recently-separated adults (N = 55). I followed participants over an average of five months, collecting psychological distress measures at three visits, each one month apart, and immune measures at two visits, five months apart. To assess how variability in social engagement is associated with immunological responses following the end of a marriage, I incorporated naturalistic, observational data using a new methodology. I found that an objectively derived composite of social behaviors including (a) time spent with others; (b) time spent socializing/entertaining; (c) time spent in substantive conversation; and (d) time spent receiving positive support predicted concurrent immune outcomes over and above the effects of psychological distress and/or loneliness, and that psychological distress may exert indirect influence on immune outcomes through social integration. Furthermore, attachment style revealed differential longitudinal associations between social integration and immune outcomes. This research expands current knowledge on the immune-relevant outcomes of divorce and separation, and includes new methodology for naturalistically-derived measures of social engagement in determining how this common life stressor is associated with health over time.
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Pont, Boix Judit. « Older people and collective action : social psychological determinants ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842725/.
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This thesis examines the social psychological processes and factors involved in willingness to participate in collective action among older people. This work is framed within two social psychological theories, i.e. Identity Process Theory (Break well, 1986) and Social Representations Theory (Moscovici, 1984). The research used the construct of barriers to collective action. The barriers were conceptualised at different levels of analysis and were considered to embody both identity and representational aspects. The research comprised three studies. Study 1 used a questionnaire among 277 older people in order to establish the extent to which older people participate in different types of collective action. Two types of participation were identified, i.e. 'active' and 'passive'. Disability in specific areas and non-participation in a group were related to lower involvement in collective action. Study 2 was designed to explore the social issues older people are concerned about, to identify the types of collective action they are likely to take, and to examine perceived barriers to engaging in collective action. Thirteen focus groups were run (n= 59) and the data was content analysed. Findings showed that older people perceive a need for social change for a wide variety of social issues and the importance of several aspects of identity and belief systems as either facilitators or barriers to engaging in collective action was revealed. Collective action was defined in terms of type of action (from individual to group action) and type of goal (from collective expression to collective change). Different social psychological factors accounting for willingness to engage in collective action were identified. These were investigated in the following study. Study 3 (n= 345) investigated the relationships between certain social psychological factors and collective action. Differences in perceptions of barriers according to five levels (intraindividual, interpersonal, intragroup, intergroup, societal) were shown. These were related to the way they give meaning to older people's identity structure and social beliefs. A model of collective action was tested. Willingness to participate in collective action was directly predicted by political trust, previous experience of collective action, perceived effectiveness of collective action and perceived barriers. Identity and ideology factors acted indirectly through previous experience, perceived effectiveness and perceived barriers. This work has implications for future research on the study of processes involved in explaining the generation of collective action and for the study of the socio-cognitive processes affecting ageing.
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Widdicombe, Susan Mary. « Adolescent groups and subcultures : a social psychological analysis ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253299.
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Wood, Caroline. « Social psychological antecedents of intention to quit smoking ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593895.
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In 2008, the United Kingdom became one of the first countries in Europe to implement graphic anti-smoking warnings. However, at present there has been very little research to reveal insights into how UK smokers may perceive the warnings and what impact they might exert on smokers' intention to quit smoking. This thesis evaluated the effectiveness of graphic anti-smoking warnings from a social psychological perspective. A qualitative study (Study 1) was conducted to tap the phenomenology of smoking, to gain insight into how smokers may experience the warnings and to establish whether smokers believed that graphic warnings would motivate them to quit smoking. The existing literature in this area has ·identified several factors which may predict intention to quit following exposure to graphic warnings. This thesis tested whether the use of fear, either on its own or in interaction with other factors, encourages smokers to form intentions to quit smoking. Four studies (with an experimental 2- factorial design) were conducted to detennine the main and interaction effects of fear and information processing, fear and hypocnsy-induced dissonance and fear and self-efficacy on intentions to quit smoking. The studies consistently revealed no significant main or interaction effects of fear on intention. The only main effect that was observed was due to hypocrisy-induced dissonance. That is, following the implementation of the hypocrisy paradigm (Aronson, Fried and Stone, 1991), findings suggested that smokers who were made to feel highly hypocritical of their smoking behaviour were motivated to fonn greater intentions to quit smoking than those smokers in the low hypocrisy condition. Having considered a diverse range of psychological factors and their potential impact on intentions to quit smoking at the intra-personal level. the latter part of the thesis examined the impact of graphic warnings at the intergroup level. Specifically, three studies were conducted to test the potential effects of the graphic warnings in the context of the intergroup relationship between smokers and non-smokers. Two studies identified that graphic warnings led to the fonnation of negative non-smoker attitudes (e.g. blame) towards smokers. Furthennore, these attitudes were greatest amongst non-smokers with a strong just-world belie{ (Lerner, 1980). A final study questioned whether awareness of negative non-smoker attitudes would motivate smokers to form intentions to quit. Findings revealed that smokers asked to read a summary of negative non-smoker attitudes towards smoking who also agreed with its content, were encouraged to form the greatest intentions to quit smoking across all of the studies conducted for this thesis. Implications of these findings, study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Soylu, Soydan. « Workplace bullying in Turkey : a social psychological perspective ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551347.
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Workplace bullying is an issue of practical importance and theoretical interest. Not only is workplace bullying of increasing concern to employers and employees, it is also the focus of empirical research and analysis. However, there are few studies which examine workplace bullying in Turkey. This study aims to investigate the nature of bullying in Turkish workplaces and to examine the association of bullying with paternalistic leadership and various work-related attitudes. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Twenty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with Turkish employees to explore in depth the nature of workplace bullying, with a thematic analysis indicating that polarisation at work and institutionalised bullying were major problems in Turkish organisations. In the second phase of the study, a questionnaire focusing on the nature of bullying and its potential determinants was completed by employees in both the public and private sectors in Turkey (n=142). Findings from both the interview study and an exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire data were used to adapt the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) for use in Turkey. In the final stage, the adapted questionnaire was completed by a sample of public and private sector employees in Turkey (n=708). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the components of bullying and their relation with dimensions of paternalistic leadership. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that loyalty-seeking paternalism is positively related to the experience of bullying, whereas familial paternalism is negatively related to the experience of bullying. In addition, negative associations were observed between organisation-based selfesteem and all the components of bullying, except for experience of non-work related criticism. Finally, intention to leave was found to be positively associated with experience of task pressures and work related criticism. This study contributes to the bullying literature by exploring the nature of workplace bullying in Turkey using complementary methods.
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Guerrier, Susan. « Farmers, farming & ; change : a social psychological analysis ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1972/.
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The UK farming industry is in the midst of rapid change: policy change, decoupling support payments from production; social change, affecting the food consumers buy and from where they buy it; greater awareness of issues of food safety and animal welfare; and greater concern about matters of environmental protection and countryside access. Farmers find such change problematic. To understand how change is being experienced and understood in the farming industry three empirical studies were undertaken: semi-structured interviews with farmers; narrative interviews with others in the agricultural public sphere; and a content analysis of Farmers Weekly, circulating in the agricultural industry, and The Times, circulating among the general public. Analysis was qualitative, using thematic and content analysis and incorporating the computer programmes ALCESTE and NVIVO. The results indicate that change is problematic for 3 reasons. Firstly, farmers' identity and self-esteem as producers are being challenged. Secondly, farmers are receiving contradictory messages as to what their role should be. Thirdly, government involvement in the farming industry has created a 'learned helplessness' which impedes farmers' agency to cope with change. The findings demonstrate the use of social representations theory in an applied social setting. They suggest that the structural approach places too much emphasis on the stability of the core of a representation. Observations made during the research are used to argue for a social psychology of change which will enable the discipline to become more adept at investigating and addressing the problems of contemporary society.
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Toone, Victoria. « Domestic violence : social behavioral and psychological coping strategies ». DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1999. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1673.
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This study investigated the emotional adjustment of battered women utilizing the theoretical frameworks of the hopelessness theory and the transactional stress-coping paradigm. This investigation should assist social workers to work with women who have experienced abuse. This study supports the fact that social workers must listen to what the women say and pay heed to their voices. Possibly, this work can help to redefine and revitalize the role of social workers as change agents, advocates, case managers, and program developers in the field of domestic violence. Battered women were asked to participate in the study and fifty women volunteered. The women were all involved in shelter programs, private counseling, or support groups in and around Metro-Atlanta.
This descriptive study explored the relationship between the social, behavioral, and psychological strategies used by battered women to cope with depression because of domestic violence. The data analysis used was descriptive and inferential statistics. Most of the women in the study reported levels of depression, but did not report feeling hopeless. Participants who used problem-focused coping skills felt less despondent. The findings in this study were significant and supported previous research in this area. Most of the battered women in this study did not blame themselves for the abuse and interestingly enough, the more severe the first assault the more the women realized they were not the cause of the abuse.
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Masser, Barbara. « The ambivalent sexism inventory : a social psychological evaluation ». Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263735.
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Smith, Ronald Andrew. « Social psychological factors in exercise adherence in adults ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260791.
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Pepper, Miriam. « Christianity and sustainable consumption : a social psychological investigation ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441694.
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Foster, Lucy Jane. « Social and psychological experiences of obese young people ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402362.
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Constantas, Anna. « Employment, unemployment, re-employment : a social psychological study ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294432.
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Lea, Susan J. « South African racial discourse : a social psychological study ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32912.
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This study examines South African racial discourse within what may be described as a 'critical social science' framework. Despite South Africa's long racist history, research which provides a thorough understanding of racism is limited. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the ideological nature of young 'white' South Africans' commonsense understandings of 'race' and racism through a discursive and rhetorical analysis. Twenty-five young, 'white' South Africans were interviewed on a wide range of topics relating to the category of 'race' and the phenomenon of racism. Interviews were loosely structured and lasted between two and four and a half hours. The analysis was oriented to identifying the key discourses participants used in the construction of their accounts, as well as the linguistic devices and rhetorical strategies employed in negotiating the "dialectic of prejudice" (Billig et al., 1988: 100). Three principal discourses were identified: the discourse of biologism, the discourse of cognitivism, and the discourse of constructivism. However, not all participants drew equally upon all three of these discourses. The declared political affiliation of the speaker (Nationalist, Liberal or Left-wing) was related to the selection of discourses and the nature of the linguistic resources and rhetorical devices used in the production of accounts. For example, Nationalist speakers tended to construct accounts in terms of the discourses of biologism and cognitivism, but not in terms of the discourse of constructivism. These findings are discussed in the light of contemporary research on the "the language of racism" (Wetherell and Potter, 1992), and their theoretical and pragmatic implications are considered.
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Karlsson, Louise. « Stress : From a biological, social, and psychological perspective ». Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16104.
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Over the years stress has been a term lacking one clear and specific definition. In general, the term stress has been used mostly as an explanation of a response or reaction to a stressor. A stressor can be of both physiological and behavioral character. The experience of stress can occur both due to a real or a perceived stressor. In this literature review, the concept of stress is viewed with insights from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. The stress response is described biologically with the central nervous system (CNS), the brain, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Social and psychological stress are concepts related to how stress is perceived by the mind and due to social surroundings which is described in relation to social support, self-efficacy, the locus of control and cognitive appraisal. Dealing with stress can be done through coping which refers to the individual capacity to handle a stressor and has generally been divided into two categories, active/passive coping and problem-focused/emotion-focused coping. Depending on the individual resources to cope with a stressor and the ability to decrease the stress response when needed, the long-term effects of stress can therefore vary between individuals. It has been found that positive coping (known as reducing stress) can increase the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume and decrease anxiety and depression. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus, and the amygdala are closely linked to the ACC and affect emotions, learning, and memory related to the stress response.
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Shen, Shuying. « Consumer Debt, Psychological Well-being, and Social Influence ». The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376670509.
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Saunders, Stacy M. « Differentiating young adult social smokers on psychological constructs ». [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=886.
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Pinel, Elizabeth Claudine. « Stigma-consciousness : the psychological legacy of social stereotypes / ». Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Walker, Mark Henry. « The self, social networks, and psychological well-being ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1788.
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In daily life, individuals participate in multiple social roles. According to sociological theories of the self, the social roles individuals participate in are fundamental to individuals' self-concepts. For example, one's role as a mother, lawyer, volunteer, and student are important aspects of one's overall self-view. Additionally, these role-based identities provide behavioral guidance and have important implications emotions and psychological well-being. However, little is known about how the relationship between the meanings of the various identities an individual participates in impacts identity processes and mental health. Additionally, although identities are thought to be embedded in different social groups (e.g., work, family, and church), and these role-based groups are viewed as essential in identity development and role-performance, little is known about how the structure of social networks impacts identity processes.
The purpose of this dissertation is to lay the theoretical scaffolding for a more holistic view of the multiple-identity-self. I highlight four key weaknesses in current treatments of multiple identities. First, the potential impact of the relationship between identity meanings on emotions and interaction is often glossed over or ignored by current research in identity theory. Second, current theoretical treatments of the self-structure do not incorporate the fact that individuals are able to reflect on themselves as a general social object. Third, in the absence of a theory of self-structure that ties identity meanings together, identity theory's ability to make long-term predictions about mental health outcomes is severely limited. Fourth, although one's identities are embedded in multiple social groups, the structure of social relations within and between an individual's social groups is given very little attention in current theory and research.
Overall, my findings suggest that 1) participating in social roles that align with an individual's view of themselves "as they truly are" (i.e., core self meanings) is associated with reductions in depression, 2) working parents who participate in occupations that are viewed as incompatible with their parental identity report lower levels of psychological well-being, and 3) the impact of network density is depends on whether or not one belongs to a self-affirming social environment.
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Bullis, Judith Elaine. « A social-psychological case history : the Manson incident ». PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3564.
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This study examines the social-psychological impact of of the Manson incident; which begins with the Tate-Labianca murders, continues with the arrest of Charles Manson and some of his followers, continues with the trial of Charles Manson and the co-defendants, and results in a popular image.
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Rea, A. « Psychological needs, social support and estimates of psychological distress among unaccompanied refugee minors in Ireland ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606316.
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Milyavskaya, Marina. « Psychological need satisfaction in important life domains ». Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119347.
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Although the importance of studying central constructs across different levels of experience has long been recognized, most research on psychological need satisfaction has focused on general need satisfaction or need satisfaction in specific, isolated domains or situations. The present thesis aims to address this problem by investigating the role of psychological need satisfaction in multiple domains simultaneously for motivational and well-being outcomes at different levels of generality, as well the interplay among domains. The first article examines the associations between psychological need satisfaction, autonomous motivation, and subjective well-being simultaneously across multiple domains. Results show that need satisfaction is strongly related to both autonomous motivation and well-being in multiple domains, and that motivation acts as a partial mediator of the path between need satisfaction and well-being. The second article investigates how domain need satisfaction influences the adoption of self-concordant goals, laying the foundation for successful goal pursuit. Both these articles use an idiographic approach to look at the differences and similarities between the many important life domains in which individuals are involved, and consider the within-person variability between domains. The third article directly looks at the effects of experiencing such variability on school and overall adjustment. Overall, the three articles reveal new information about the variability and relative role of psychological needs in important life domains obscured by the previous focus on global need satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of examining psychological need satisfaction in multiple life domains.Bien que l'importance d'examiner des concepts centraux dans différents niveaux d'expérience soit reconnue depuis longtemps, la plupart des études sur la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques mettent l'accent sur la satisfaction des besoins en général ou dans des domaines ou des situations isolés. Le but de la présente thèse était de remédier ce problème en examinant le rôle de la satisfaction des besoins dans plusieurs domaines simultanément ainsi que l'interaction entre les domaines sur la motivation et le bien-être à plusieurs niveaux de généralité. Le premier article examine les liens entre la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques, la motivation autonome et le bien-être subjectif simultanément dans de multiples domaines. Les résultats démontrent que la satisfaction des besoins est liée à la fois à la motivation autonome et au bien-être dans plusieurs domaines, et que la motivation agit comme un médiateur partiel de la voie entre la satisfaction des besoins et le bien-être. Le deuxième article examine la façon dont la satisfaction des besoins dans les domaines influence l'adoption de buts autonomes, établissant un fondement pour l'accomplissement des buts. Ces deux articles utilisent une approche idiographique pour examiner les différences et les similitudes entre les nombreux domaines importants et considèrent la variabilité intra-personnelle entre domaines. Le troisième article examine les effets de cette variabilité sur l'expérience scolaire et l'ajustement global. Ensemble, les trois articles révèlent de nouvelles informations sur le rôle des besoins psychologiques, soulignant l'importance d'examiner la satisfaction des besoins dans de multiples domaines.
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Earl, Stephen R. « The role of young adolescents' psychological needs at secondary school : applying basic psychological needs theory ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/60986/.
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Drawing on basic psychological needs theory (BPNT; Deci & Ryan, 2000), the aim of this thesis was to investigate the influence that pupils' autonomy, competence and relatedness may have upon their personal and academic functioning at school. The purpose was to provide new conceptual insights into BPNT within young adolescents' schools and to identify practically viable interventions that could enhance educational practise. Specifically, this thesis addresses two methodological vacancies within BPNT research and two practically driven investigations. The first methodological consideration involved a person-centred examination that identified distinct pupil profiles based on differences in their psychological need satisfaction composition. Hierarchal cluster analysis revealed four distinct pupil groups. Pupils reporting the highest satisfaction across the three needs displayed the highest levels of well-being, autonomous motivation, teacher rated performance, and the least ill-being. These person-centred findings emphasise the necessity for the satisfaction of all three psychological needs, as well as highlighting specific need deficits that some pupils may experience in classrooms. The second methodological consideration explored how the satisfaction of each psychological need may predict changes in school attainment patterns. Hierarchal growth modelling revealed that higher pupil competence satisfaction was a driving stimulus for temporal attainment increases across the school year, whereas higher pupil relatedness satisfaction buffered against the summer decay of school grades following the summer vacation. These findings offer unique insights into the dynamic nature of school attainment. From a practical perspective, the thesis explored if the candid frustration of different psychological needs underpins active and passive types of classroom disengagement. Structural equation modelling demonstrated the frustration of pupil competence uniquely explained passive disengagement via reduced subjective vitality, whereas experiences of autonomy frustration underpinned both active and passive disengagement but not via subjective vitality. All three disengaging processes were found as a consequence of perceived psychologically controlling teaching. Finally, the thesis explored the feasibility of conducting a novel pupil-focused intervention to enhance pupils' perceptual awareness of their own psychological needs. Using a pupil completed diary-log as a methodology, a two week pilot and focus group discussion highlighted practical issues and recommendations for the potential implementation of a future intervention. These findings indicated that the diary-log may need to be in the form of an electronic application and would need to be combined with existing need supportive sessions. Overall, the thesis findings add to existing knowledge by indicating how pupils' psychological needs may enhance or diminish their academic and psychological development at school. The findings allude to the interplay between the three needs within school contexts and provide insights into the unique role the different psychological needs may have on school attainment and disengagement. The findings also suggest there may be scope to advance existing teacher-focused BPNT interventions by helping pupils become more active in their own experiences of psychological need satisfaction.
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Leung, Anna Wing-han. « Social anxiety and perception of early parenting among American, Chinese American and social phobic samples : a test of etiological hypotheses ». Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141347.
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Scott, Agnes Marie. « Homeless children : the psychological effects of being homeless ». DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1989. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2365.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The overall objective of this study was to determine the psychological effects of being homeless on children living in an emergency night shelter versus homeless children residing in a transitional facility on the variables anxiety and self-concept. A casual-comparative research design was used in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was given to children residing in a night shelter and children living in a transitional facility. Samples used in this study were 22 children from Shelter A and 18 children in transitional facility. The t-test was used to analyze the data.
The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in regard to the variables anxiety and self-concept between homeless children residing in a night shelter versus those residing in a transitional facility. The similarity of the services provided for the children by the emergency night shelter and the transitional facility account for the outcome.
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Lupke, Lynette M. « The choice of idols from a social psychological perspective ». Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/132.
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The study of adolescents’ idols has an over 100-year tradition. The meta-analysis of Teigen, Normann, Bjorkheim and Helland (2000) showed that idols, which are commonly understood as role models, changed over the last century which is attributed to changes in the social context. The present paper argues that Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) offers an appropriate theoretical framework to conceptualize social context by hypothesising a functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies moderated by the status position of the adolescent’s group s/he belongs to. The hypothesised functional relationship was tested in two studies with white and black adolescent South Africans. The results of the two studies supported our assumptions that the functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies is indeed moderated by status position. The results also indicate that Social Identity Theory seems to be an appropriate theoretical framework when social context is particularly conceptualised as social change.
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Davidson, Lisa A. « Social hopelessness and psychological adjustment in stressful life situations ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22905.pdf.
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Lucas, Colleen M. « The effect of social accounts on psychological contract violation ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/MQ48022.pdf.
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