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1
Appel Nissen, Maria. « Social Workers and the Sociological Sense of Social Problems : Balancing Objectivism, Subjectivism, and Social Construction ». Qualitative Sociology Review 11, no 2 (30 avril 2015) : 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.2.14.
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The aim of this article is to explore the intricate relations between objectivism, subjectivism, and constructionism. I explore the construction of social problems in everyday professional practice as a valuable source for addressing and reflecting on differences in perceptions of knowledge. Using data from a study of how Danish social workers perceive social problems, the article shows how social workers’ perceptions of social problems reveal a sociological sense of social problems that renders possible both ontological assumptions, as well as epistemological reflections on the objective, subjective, and social constructionist dimensions of social problems. The social workers are constructing a model of social problems and how they are reproduced, as well as epistemological reflections on the uncertainty of knowing the “reality” of social problems. Those constructions are not formulated strictly in line with scholarly approaches but rather stem from experiences of working with social problems. The article proposes that we can learn something from this in terms of reimagining social constructionism. I propose that social constructionists should cultivate a sociological sense of the practical perceptions and approaches to solve social problems in society.
2
Cnaan, Ram A., et Simon Bergman. « Construction of social problems by social work students ». International Social Work 33, no 2 (avril 1990) : 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289003300207.
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3
Grint, Keith. « Problems, problems, problems : The social construction of ‘leadership’ ». Human Relations 58, no 11 (novembre 2005) : 1467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726705061314.
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4
Almahmoud, Essam, et Hemanta Kumar Doloi. « Assessment of Social Sustainability in Construction Projects Using Social Network Analysis ». JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 3, no 6 (2018) : 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.36.3003.
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This paper aims to propose a framework that puts the stakeholders at the forefront of achieving sustainability in the social context. This research, thus, argues that the social sustainability outcomes in construction are best achieved by taking into account the satisfaction of the stakeholders. Based on sustainability and equity theories, a dynamic assessment model has been developed to evaluate the contributions of projects in a social context. Multiple stakeholders and their differing interests associated with the construction projects have been integrated using social network analysis. The mapping of the relationships between the project stakeholders, with respect to their relative stakes and seven social core functions, have been integrated into the assessment model. The findings of this research suggest that the degree of satisfying the needs of diverse stakeholders is highly significant in achieving social sustainability performance of projects. Using a case study from Saudi Arabia, the applicability and significance of the assessment model has been demonstrated. The application of the model provides the opportunity to identify any problems and to enhance the overall performance of projects in the social context. The functionality and efficacy of the model need to be further tested outside the Saudi Arabian region. The research is original in the sense that for the first time, a novel approach has been developed, putting the stakeholders at the forefront of achieving sustainability outcomes in construction projects
5
Weinberg, Darin. « On the Social Construction of Social Problems and Social Problems Theory : A Contribution to the Legacy of John Kitsuse ». American Sociologist 40, no 1-2 (7 janvier 2009) : 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-008-9059-5.
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6
Garcia, J. L. A. « Race as a Social Construction ». Harvard Review of Philosophy 26 (2019) : 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview201910727.
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This paper raises serious problems for the commonly held claim that races are socially constructed. The first section sketches out an approach to our construction of institutional phenomena that, taking Searle’s general approach, restricts social construction proper to cases where we adopt rules that bind relevant parties to treat things of a type in certain ways, thus constituting important roles in, and parts of, our social lives. I argue this conception, construction-by-rules, helps distinguish genuine construction from other activities and relations and also solves a problem raised against simplistic conceptions. The second shows why and how Sally Haslanger, Linda Alcoff, and Glenn Loury have explained race as a social construct. The next points out problems for their and other accounts, including circularity, difficulties arising from conceptual and linguistic history, and non sequiturs. After returning to Haslanger in more detail, I proceed critically to engage work by Ian Hacking, Lawrence Blum, Luc Faucher and Edouard Machery, and Charles Mills. The following sections move from specific accounts in the literature to offer general arguments that viewing races as products of social construction threatens to mislead in numerous ways. At the end, I discuss the significance of the issue and challenge whether social constructionist accounts are genuinely liberating.
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Yañez-Figueroa, José-Antonio, María-Soledad Ramírez-Montoya et Francisco-José García-Peñalvo. « Social innovation laboratories for the social construction of knowledge ». Texto Livre : Linguagem e Tecnologia 14, no 3 (5 octobre 2021) : e33750. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/1983-3652.2021.33750.
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Social innovation laboratories (SIL) are spaces for the construction of knowledge where UNESCO's Sustainable Development Goals can be met. The objective of the research was to identify the most relevant studies about the social construction of knowledge, within the framework of the SIL, related to environmental problems and to analyze them in order to propose solutions for sustainability. The method used to locate the articles published in open access, from 2010 to 2020, in Scopus, Web of Science and Google Academic, was the Systematic Literature Review. The findings show that the working groups are multidisciplinary and originate proposals from different areas of science. The products are built with an open approach. Universities are the spaces that most promote participation in the laboratories to generate sustainability actions applicable in real life and work is done to scale up the prototypes to local, national and international levels.
8
Furedi, Frank. « Bringing Historical Dimensions Into the Study of Social Problems : The Social Construction of Authority ». Qualitative Sociology Review 11, no 2 (30 avril 2015) : 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.2.07.
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Appeals to authority have always played a key role in the construction of social problems. Authority legitimates claims, which is why claim-makers have always sought its validation. An exploration into the historical dimension of the social construction of authority provides insight into changing foundations on which claims about social problems are made. In contrast to the Middle Ages, the modern era has found it difficult to gain consensus on the meaning of authority. This historical shift in the status of authority provides the context for contemporary competitive claims-making about social problems.
9
Eisikovits, Zvi, Chaya Koren et Tova Band-Winterstein. « The social construction of social problems : the case of elder abuse and neglect ». International Psychogeriatrics 25, no 8 (13 mai 2013) : 1291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213000495.
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ABSTRACTThe interaction and inter-penetrability overlap of abuse and neglect has been previously described. Therefore, the question is not whether a distinction can be made between the two, but how specific events are constructed into abuse and/or neglect based on how each of the protagonists involved (researchers, professional workers, family members, and the older persons themselves) make sense of abuse and neglect. The purpose of this paper is to explore the social and psychological construction of elder abuse and neglect and illustrate the theoretical constructs using case material and its application to the field.
10
DOMBROVSKAYA, A. Y. « SOCIAL MEASUREMENT AND SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION IN MODERN APPLIED RESEARCH ». Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 18, no 4 (2023) : 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2023-18-4-48-63.
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The purpose of the article is to understand the paradigmatic field of socio-political research in modern Russia. The problem field of implementing the positivist paradigm and carrying out measurement procedures within the framework of this applied research methodology is analyzed. It is proved that quantitative and qualitative research strategies do not serve as different types of research approaches, but as successive stages in the implementation of a single project. A discussion is presented about the possibility and necessity of researchers’ abandoning the principle of non-evaluation of the results of scientific analysis in the field of social knowledge. Some correspondences between the functions of social sciences and the type of research methodology are established. Using the example of applied political analysis, the ways of studying social phenomena and processes, as well as the methodological approaches, methods and tools used for this, are systematized. Particular attention is paid to the problem of unreliability of survey data and limitations of data obtained during monitoring of social media. The capabilities of the cognitive instrumentalist are presented as a means of solving these methodological problems. As a result of the study, arguments are given in favor of the need to intensify the use of the critical social science paradigm in social scientific knowledge and shift the research focus in conditions of civilizational confrontation to social construction (formation, modeling).
11
Zhong, Yong. « How Does the Chinese Government Promote the Development of the Social Credit System ? » Administrative Consulting, no 3 (30 avril 2022) : 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-3-118-125.
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This paper introduces the four stages of the construction of China’s social credit system. In combination with the characteristics of the institutional system, this paper describes the specific practices adopted by the Chinese government to promote the construction of the social credit system from six aspects, namely, governing government integrity, business and social ethics and judicial integrity, building the credit information platform, developing third-party credit service institutions and credit service markets, and constructing the social credit system demonstration cities. It argues that the construction of China’s credit system has the problems of insufficient rule of law, imperfect credit platform construction, and difficult credit repair. These problems will be gradually solved in the new phase of the social credit system’s construction starting from 2021, and China will continue to develop and improve its social credit system in the process of solving problems.
12
Bhusal, Bidhya, Dhundi Raj Dahal et Kheta Raj Dahal. « Problems in Road Construction at Local Level ». Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 6, no 1 (24 avril 2023) : 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v6i1.54360.
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Any nation's infrastructure development encompasses social infrastructure as well as economic infrastructure, or the growth of diverse sectors. Simultaneously created social infrastructure can lead the economic infrastructure in total development at the appropriate level. The capabilities and technical advancement of social infrastructures like retail centers, restaurants, medical facility zones, and schools are well defined, as are the evolving requirements of economic infrastructures like roads, sewage, electricity, open spaces, and gardens. To maintain effective social infrastructure, it is necessary to develop sectors such as education, health, social security, water supply, housing, and sanitation. The study would like to suggest that adequate budget allocation should be conducted during planning process; proper road design, implementation and effective procurement system should be carried out, and management of enough construction materials, suitable equipment, and coordination with local people should be performed. Furthermore, provision of drain while constructing rural road must be included during preparation of DPR along with the watershed management is necessary and establishment of laboratory for material test is necessary in Municipality to assure quality construction along with provision of training for the user committee to provide technical knowledge is necessary.
13
Oleksyuk, Hanna V., et Oleksandra P. Vavrynchuk. « Construction of social housing : problems and prospects for development ». Regional Economy, no 3(113) (2024) : 72–80. https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2024-3-6.
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The construction of social housing has always been relevant in a society and a state that cares about the quality and standard of living of every person. There are international standards in the world for providing social housing to a part of the population that, due to their physiological, social and economic capabilities, including external factors, cannot own housing with high benefits and comfort. At the same time, the right to adequate housing is recognized by all UN Member States on the basis of ratified international agreements containing obligations to protect the human right to an adequate standard of housing. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of formation of the social housing fund in the context of the components of the legal, architectural and spatial approach, economic principles and resource provision for creating a comfortable living environment for the population. The article reveals the peculiarities of social housing construction in modern conditions, intensification of the formation of the social housing fund, and growth of its volume during the period of martial law and Russian aggression in Ukraine, and post-war reconstruction of the country. Today, there are no universal international legal documents in international practice that would regulate the general norms of social housing provision in the world. International standards include only the norm which guarantees the human right to housing as such, and therefore each country develops its own legislative and regulatory documents in this area. The author examines the legislative and legal regulation of the principles of spatial and economic planning and construction of housing in Ukraine, outlines the features of the State Building Standards (SBS) for the construction and reconstruction of social housing. The author analyses the powers and programmes for the creation of social housing at the regional and territorial level on the example of Lviv Regional State Administration and Lviv City Council, in particular, the construction of a residential complex near the UNBROKEN rehabilitation center in Lviv.
14
Grint, K. « Sisyphus and the social construction of computer user problems ». Information Systems Journal 5, no 1 (janvier 1995) : 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.1995.tb00086.x.
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15
Hamel, Pierre, et Harry H. Bash. « Social Problems and Social Movements : An Exploration into the Sociological Construction of Alternative Realities. » Social Forces 75, no 1 (septembre 1996) : 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580785.
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Platts, Todd K. « Analyzing the Social Construction of Media Claims : Enhancing Media Literacy in Social Problems Classes ». Teaching Sociology 47, no 1 (6 août 2018) : 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x18793493.
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Roth, Silke, et Harry H. Bash. « Social Problems and Social Movements : An Exploration into the Sociological Construction of Alternative Realities ». Contemporary Sociology 27, no 3 (mai 1998) : 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2655214.
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18
Chermak, Steven. « Book Review : Constructing Social Problems ». Criminal Justice Review 28, no 2 (septembre 2003) : 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401680302800236.
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19
Lin, Holin, et Chuen-Tsai Sun. « Problems in simulating social reality : Observations on a MUD construction ». Simulation & ; Gaming 34, no 1 (mars 2003) : 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878102250607.
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20
Williams, Jerry. « Knowledge, Consequences, and Experience : The Social Construction of Environmental Problems ». Sociological Inquiry 68, no 4 (octobre 1998) : 476–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1998.tb00481.x.
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21
Wade, Lisa. « Journalism, advocacy and the social construction of consensus ». Media, Culture & ; Society 33, no 8 (novembre 2011) : 1166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443711418273.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Scholarship examining media coverage of social problems largely examines coverage of contentious issues. In this study, I contribute to our understanding of journalist practices by examining coverage of an issue over which there is a US consensus: female genital cutting (FGC). With an analysis of newspaper coverage supplemented by interviews and primary documents, I find that, in contrast to existing literature that shows that reporters must refrain from issue advocacy, when consensus is widespread reporters can and do collaborate with advocates, harmonize with opinion writers, and use their physical presence and access to newsprint to pressure the state. Journalists, however, do not simply respond to consensus. Instead, I find that they can actively construct consensus by offering unique frames that depoliticize advocacy. These findings contribute to our understanding of media coverage of social problems by illustrating how consensus is both shaped by and shapes journalist practices.
22
Almahmoud, Essam, et Hemanta Kumar Doloi. « Assessment of social sustainability in construction projects using social network analysis ». Facilities 33, no 3/4 (2 mars 2015) : 152–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-05-2013-0042.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – This paper aims to propose a framework that puts the stakeholders at the forefront of achieving sustainability in the social context. This research, thus, argues that the social sustainability outcomes in construction are best achieved by taking into account the satisfactions of the stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – Based on sustainability and equity theories, a dynamic assessment model has been developed to evaluate the contributions of projects in a social context. Multiple stakeholders and their differing interests associated with the construction projects have been integrated using social network analysis. The mapping of the relationships between the project stakeholders, with respect to their relative stakes and seven social core functions, have been integrated in the assessment model. Findings – The findings of this research suggest that the degree of satisfying the needs of diverse stakeholders is highly significant in achieving social sustainability performance of projects. Using a case study from Saudi Arabia, the applicability and significance of the assessment model has been demonstrated. The application of the model provides the opportunity to identify any problems and to enhance the overall performance of projects in the social context. Research limitations/implications – The functionality and efficacy of the model need to be further tested outside the Saudi Arabian region. Originality/value – The research is original in the sense that for the first time, a novel approach has been developed, putting the stakeholders at the forefront of achieving sustainability outcomes in construction projects.
23
Hu, Haoer. « Social Network Construction of Chinese International Students Studying Abroad ». Education Reform and Development 7, no 2 (7 mars 2025) : 139–44. https://doi.org/10.26689/erd.v7i2.9791.
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This paper begins with a general description of the problems of social network construction experienced by Chinese international students in their host countries. Then, based on cultural adaptation theory, the paper summarises two main causes of social network construction problems for Chinese international students: lack of social support and ineffective social participation. The lack of social support is mainly characterised by reliance on primitive family support, resistance to seeking social support, and difficulties building friendship networks. It is then concluded that Chinese international students’ social participation is ineffective by analysing their performance in three areas: language barriers, ineffective use of social media, and lack of participation in leisure activities. In response to these problems, this paper proposes countermeasures such as establishing communities of practice and encouraging participation in leisure activities, aiming to provide an effective solution path for the social network construction of Chinese international students.
24
ZHOU, Zhihua. « China Embarks on Massive Social Housing Construction Programme ». East Asian Policy 04, no 03 (juillet 2012) : 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930512000220.
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In March 2011 the Chinese government announced its plan to construct 36 million social housing in 2011-2015. Although capital and land provisions for 2011 had been made, some problems have emerged. Chinese social housing development should be legislated to provide legal evidence not only for the proper implementation of this plan in the coming years, but also for social housing development in the coming decades.
25
Best, Joel. « Constructing animal species as social problems ». Sociology Compass 12, no 11 (6 septembre 2018) : e12630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12630.
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Spector, Malcolm. « Constructing Social Problems Forty Years Later ». American Sociologist 50, no 2 (3 septembre 2018) : 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-018-9391-3.
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Friedman, Marilyn. « Nancy J. Hirschmann on the Social Construction of Women's Freedom ». Hypatia 21, no 4 (2006) : 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2006.tb01135.x.
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Nancy J. Hirschmann presents a feminist, social constructionist account of women's freedom. Friedman's discussion of Hirschmanns account deals with (1) some conceptual problems facing a thoroughgoing social constructionism; (2) three ways to modify social constructionism to avoid those problems; and (3) an assessment of Hirschmann's version of social constructionism in light of the previous discussion.
28
Kreimer, Pablo, et Juan Pablo Zabala. « Chagas Disease in Argentina : Reciprocal Construction of Social and Scientific Problems ». Science, Technology and Society 12, no 1 (mars 2007) : 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097172180601200104.
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This article intends to study the possibilities and limitations of scientific knowledge as a factor of social development in peripheral societies. We challenge the idea that the only promotion of scientific knowledge is a legitimate and adequate method to overcome the social problems that many people in Latin America are subjected to. Instead, we propose to investigate the relationships among the social actors involved in the production and circulation of scientific knowledge. We take the case of Chagas disease, a recurring theme in the public agenda since the 1950s, to show how the issue has emerged and has been taken in by public policies related to the production of scientific knowledge. We analyse the different viewpoints and conceptions about the disease, and how they moulded the different institutional initiatives of intervention into the problem. We assume that the practices associated with these mechanisms condition the type of knowledge produced and its possible uses.
29
Solomos, John. « Problems, But Whose Problems : The Social Construction of Black Youth Unemployment and State Policies ». Journal of Social Policy 14, no 4 (octobre 1985) : 527–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400015014.
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ABSTRACTThe issue of black youth unemployment has become a central aspect of government race relations policies over the last few years, particularly in the aftermath of the 1981 street disturbances. This paper attempts to locate the various stages of response to this question, both at the level of ideology and of policy. It argues that although the policies pursued have been legitimized as helping young blacks, they have failed to mount an effective response to the employment crisis facing this group. In addition, it is argued that policies have tended to ignore the question of racism and to concentrate on the supposed cultural and personal handicaps which young blacks inherit from their cultural background. It concludes by questioning the ideology of equal opportunity, which is the core concept underlying government responses to racial discrimination, and argues for a more critical analysis of recent interventions premised on this notion.
30
S, Lukyanchenko, Babyak V et Hnes I. « EXPERIENCE IN USING MODULAR SOCIAL HOUSING ». Architectural Studies 2020, no 2 (novembre 2020) : 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/as2020.02.194.
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The modular modular architecture is currently actively used in construction since it has many advantages over traditional construction. This type of design simplifies and speeds up the process of creating not only social housing, but also campuses and hospitals when there is an epidemic and you need to quickly provide patients with wards, or get out of the housing crisis during the economic crisis. In addition to being practical, it is much cheaper and more environmentally friendly. This article provides examples of the use of modules in construction and architecture to argue the relevance and need to use modular architecture and develop it. The use of the technology of modular formation of architectural objects can solve urgent problems in the modern world: overcoming the consequences of natural disasters, hostilities, the formation of social and niche specialized housing. These examples are not innovations that are unattainable or not scalable for technological reasons. The highlighted issue only shows the need to disseminate these solutions in practice.
31
Järvinen, Margaretha, et Gale Miller. « Social Constructionism Turned Into Human Service Work ». Qualitative Sociology Review 11, no 2 (30 avril 2015) : 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.2.13.
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Studies of applied constructionism are opportunities for scholars to explore how social constructionism is a resource used by claims-makers in describing and justifying their orientations to professional practice. The present paper expands sociological constructionism by analyzing applied constructionism in social problems work in Copenhagen, Denmark. Based on interviews with staff members in narrative drug treatment, we explore two themes: the relationship between dominant and liberating narratives and the position of expert knowledge in narrative therapy. Our guiding framework is Ian Hacking’s inquiry into the Social Construction of What? and Kenneth Burke’s dialogic approach of comparing statements to counterstatements. The purpose of the paper is to link academic studies of the social construction of realities to applied constructionists’ principles in addressing social problems. We do this by describing narrative therapists’ critical reflections on their own work, suggesting that these reflections are not only useful when it comes to developing narrative therapy but also for the advancement of academic constructionism.
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Kovtun, E. A. « Corruption as a Social Problem : a Constructionist Approach ». Discourse 8, no 2 (26 avril 2022) : 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-66-77.
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Introduction. The article provides an overview of the constructionist approach in sociology in the concerning the phenomenon of corruption as a social problem. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to examine the possibilities of sociology in the study of anti-corruption discourse and the construction of corruption in the public consciousness.Methodology and sources. The issue has grown in importance considering the need to study the perception of corruption in society and the processes of its construction. The methodological basis of the work is the analysis of primary sources (works by M. Spektor, J. Kitsuse, J. Best) and research publications, including the retrospective analysis of the theoretical prerequisites for the development of a constructionist approach in the sociology of social problems. This paper gives a detailed overview of the concept of social problems, which is important for the development of theoretical and empirical studies of various social problems from constructionist positions.Results and discussion. The paper presents the features of two directions within the framework of social constructivism: strict and contextual. The author identifies two main areas of corruption research in a constructionist discourse: the analysis of the construction of corruption as a social phenomenon and the analysis of the construction of deviance, which correspond to the phenomenological (strict) and contextual directions. This study defines the main theoretical aspects of the constructivist approach, its ideological prerequisites and traces the development of the main theoretical directions of constructivism within the interactionist approach in sociology. As a result of the analysis, the author highlights the limitations of the constructionist approach, which are significant for choosing a concept and conducting research and pays attention to the possibilities of developing an integrative approach.Conclusion. Social constructivism has heuristic potential in exploring the discourse of corruption as a social problem and the construction of its deviance, which is a promising area of research on the perception of corruption in modern Russian society.
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Wai, S. H., Aminah Md Yusof, Syuhaida Ismail et C. A. Ng. « Exploring Success Factors of Social Infrastructure Projects in Malaysia ». International Journal of Engineering Business Management 5 (1 janvier 2013) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55659.
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In the context of construction management, Social Infrastructure Projects (SIPs) have long been overlooked. However, SIPs are one of the main criteria for enhancing economic productivity. This paper analyses the results of a survey aiming to develop a framework for SIP success factors to enhance the likelihood of success in the provision of SIPs in Malaysia. The principal component analysis reduces a set of 41 project success factors to six dimensions based on the idea of the project life cycle, i.e., the preconstruction factor, the construction factor and post-construction factor, and three internal factors: the organizational factor, the information management factor, and the change management factor. Understanding these success factors could be crucial in managing SIPs, since it will allow project stakeholders to take precautionary steps to identify foreseeable problems and areas for improvement. This will increase the success rate of the project and could even help avoid problems completely.
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Pankova, Oksana, Oleksandr Kasperovych et Oleksandr Ishchenko. « Providing constructive interaction of subjects of labor relations based on social dialogue and social responsibility ». Social and labour relations : theory and practice 9, no 1 (16 juillet 2019) : 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/slrtp.9(1).2019.02.
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The article presents the results of research on the interaction of subjects of social-labor relations on the basis of assessment of the state and dynamics of the main factors influencing it (on the basis of sociological studies and other data). The state and main problems of development of key subjects – trade unions and employers’ associations are analyzed, the main factors that negatively influence their activity are determined. The basic scheme used for analysis of the main social factors that determine the interaction of subjects of social and labor relations is the conceptual triad “trust – awareness – motivation”. The conditions of activating the constructive interaction of subjects of social and labor relations in the context of the principles of social responsibility and social dialogue are determined. The main ones are increasing mutual trust, creating an effective communication system, as well as having the will to reconcile interests and readiness for dialogue and compromise. The basic requirements to the modern informational-communicative strategy of interaction of subjects of social-labor relations are substantiated. In particular, they include the following: implementation of the principles of social dialogue and social responsibility; orientation on the possibilities of modern information and communication technologies; orientation on the solution of the most acute problems in the field of social-labor relations; creation of effective mechanisms of feedback between communication actors. Basing on the results of the analysis, the directions and conditions for the activation of constructive interaction between the participants of the social dialogue are proposed and substantiated, in the context of the state and dynamics of key social and socio-psychological factors.
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Dalla Vecchia, Luisa Felix, et Nirce Saffer Medvedovski. « Social Housing Customization in Brazil ». Encyclopedia 1, no 3 (21 juillet 2021) : 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030049.
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Social housing customization in Brazil refers to the current processes of development and evolution of government-funded neighborhoods for the lowest-income population. The mass production of small housing units that do not satisfy family needs instigates a self-design and self-construction process post-occupancy to customize the units. Ultimately, these changes to the units bring unintended negative consequences for the families and the city. In this context, mass customization is seen as an alternative to address some of the problems related to unit design.
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Pupentsova, Svetlana V. « FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS ». Economy of the North-West : problems and prospects of development 2, no 73 (5 septembre 2023) : 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/2411-4588-2023-2-101-107.
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The development and construction of social infrastructure is of great importance for the development of society as a whole, which confirms the relevance of the chosen topic. The concept and essence of social infrastructure is presented, the actual problem of social infrastructure development is considered. Systematized elements of social infrastructure on a functional and sectoral basis. The characteristics of the management system of the social infrastructure is given, the main tasks of regulation of the social infrastructure are set. The main problems, trends and analysis of the current state of construction of social infrastructure facilities, factors and features of development are highlighted. The main indicators for assessing the level of prospects for the integrated development of social infrastructure are revealed. The current state of construction of social infrastructure in Russia is assessed as a complex and multifaceted process, but despite the problems identified, there is definite progress in this area. Russia is investing in the development of social infrastructure, new facilities are being built, the quality of social services is being improved, and digital technology systems are being created in health, education and culture. In general, the development of social infrastructure is a key factor in the development of both the social and economic spheres of Russia. It is concluded that the strategic development of social infrastructure should be aimed at creating a comfortable life for citizens and increasing their social well-being.
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Perkins, Stephen J. « The social construction of executive remuneration in the UK ». Journal of Organizational Effectiveness : People and Performance 4, no 1 (13 mars 2017) : 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-01-2017-0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect theoretically on a quarter-century of attempts to codify “best practice” standards related to oversight of and reporting on executive remuneration. Issues around the regulation of UK executive remuneration are analysed focussing on decision making by elite actors, informed by corporate governance codification artefacts and theoretical considerations inspired by notions of the social construction of reality. Design/methodology/approach Using documentary materials to trace evolution of executive remuneration regulation in the UK, consideration is given to the social antecedents of processes governing corporate board remuneration committee practices. The paper reconstructs the social construction of the UK Corporate Governance Code and draws on relevant theoretically inclined literature to help make sense of processes involved. Findings Shaping the problems, to be addressed as “legitimate problems”, is core to efforts intended to create “persuasive narratives” around how UK executive remuneration should be regulated. Research limitations/implications The paper sketches an agenda for subsequent empirical “field” investigation to assess the social antecedents of UK executive remuneration outcomes. Practical implications Offering an alternative way of thinking about executive reward and on-going controversy as to how it may be legitimately regulated, informed by contextual considerations. Originality/value A novel look at executive remuneration from a social construction of reality perspective. Adding value to public debate on organisational effectiveness at a time of warnings from luminaries such as the Bank of England governor about the adverse social impact of “stateless companies” and calls for action against unfairness in income distribution.
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Balabanić, Ivan. « Public arenas model and the social construction of reality ». Media, culture and public relations 14, no 2 (25 janvier 2024) : 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/mcpr.14.2.3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
U radu analiziramo kako društveni akteri u različitim javnim arenama, poput medija, politike, znanosti i civilnog društva, oblikuju percepciju društvenih problema i kako ti problemi postaju socijalna stvarnost. Rad naglašava ulogu medijske arene kao ključnog posrednika u definiranju i prikazivanju društvenih problema. Oslanja se na fenomenološki pristup Petera L. Bergera i Thomasa Luckmanna te pokušava povezati dinamičan proces socijalne konstrukcije zbilje s modelom javnih arena i aktivnostima pojedinih aktera unutar tih arena. Rad također ukazuje na potrebu za empirijskim istraživanjem radi boljeg razumijevanja interakcije u medijskoj areni i njenog utjecaja na konstrukciju društvene stvarnosti.
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Del Rosso, Jared, et Jennifer Esala. « Constructionism and the Textuality of Social Problems ». Qualitative Sociology Review 11, no 2 (30 avril 2015) : 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.2.03.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Building on the work of Dorothy Smith and Bruno Latour, this article examines the textual mediation of social problems activities. Because of their materiality and/or digitality, texts preserve constructions of reality, rendering those constructions durable and mobile. This, in turn, allows claims-makers distant in time or space to access those constructions as interpretive resources for claims-making. Texts, then, help us account for how social problems spread and endure. We show how texts mediate claims-makers access to two resources for claims-making: the “reality” of problematic conditions and definitions of problems. We also consider how texts structure social problems work. We conclude by briefly considering how the contemporary technological environment may be altering the textual mediation of claims-making.
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Järvinen, Margaretha, et David Kivinen. « Homelessness as a Social Construction : A Study on Marginalized Women ». Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) 12, no 1_suppl (février 1995) : 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259501201s09.
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The focus of the article is on homeless women in Copenhagen. One of the main arguments is that the so-called new homelessness is not as new as it might appear at first glance. Although statistics indicate an increase in the proportion of women who have no home, this does not necessarily mean that social distress among women has increased. Included in the statistics today are certain groups (such as battered women, poor single parents with housing problems) who 15 years ago would not have been registered as homeless. As a result, the homeless population has become more and more heterogeneous, at the same time as the institutions for the homeless have become more and more differentiated and professionalized. This, in turn, has resulted in a situation where priority is given to those homeless clients who can meet the system's expectations of rehabilitation. Two groups among the homeless are not welcome at these institutions: substance abusers and people with mental problems. For these two groups of socially marginalized people, there seems to be no place in the Danish welfare state.
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Lee, Choon-Sig. « Reflection on the Social Construction of Technology in the Philosophy of Technology ». Korean Association of Practical Arts Education 36, no 1 (30 mars 2023) : 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24062/kpae.2023.36.1.85.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Technological determinism initially emerged in the relationship between technology and society. In the environment surrounding technology and society, technology determinism and social construction of technology (SCOT) have a tense relationship. This study aims to reveal the characteristics of SCOT by exploring and reflecting on the substantive debates and criticisms surrounding the social constructionism of technology, which is opposed to technological determinism in terms of the philosophy of technology. It is intended to substitute for the conclusion of the study by suggesting the implications obtained through reflection on SCOT. First, driving technological development in SCOT is achieved through consensus between social groups and technology developers. In the process of technological development, conflicts arise among social groups due to different problems and solutions with respect to technology, and the form of the technological artifact that has reached an agreement is finally selected. Second, technological flexibility or interpretative flexibility can solve a problem in various technical ways in SCOT. This variety of flexibility appears as a difference of interpretation and conflict between the social groups surrounding technology. Third, in SCOT, the technology frame greatly affects the artifacts. The function of the description frame differentiates it from most other concepts and is intended to be applied to the interaction of various actors. Fourth, for a specific technology to develop from the SCOT perspective, it has momentum through the consolidation of the technology system. A technological system is composed of physical artifacts, organizations, science bases, legal devices, and natural resources, with each element contributing to the overall goal of the system by interacting with other elements.Fifth, in SCOT. Finally, the main criticism of SCOT is that researchers’ methodologies are formal, they focus on the early stage of the emergence of technology, there is indifference to the influence of technology, and the social structures and power relations accompanying technological change are ignored.
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Jiang, Mengmeng, et Wenqian Wang. « Problems and Countermeasures of China’s Social Security Information Construction Based on Computer ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 1744, no 3 (1 février 2021) : 032184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1744/3/032184.
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Sonnenstuhl, William J., et Harrison M. Trice. « The Social Construction of Alcohol Problems in a Union's Peer Counseling Program ». Journal of Drug Issues 17, no 3 (juillet 1987) : 223–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700302.
Texte intégralRésumé :
While the referral processes in management-based employee assistance/industrial alcoholism programs have been studied, little attention has been paid to those in union peer counseling programs. This study closes the gap by reporting ethnographic data collected in one union's member assistance program. The Tunnel and Construction Workers Union is an occupational community characterized by a heavy drinking culture, and its program consists of credentialed alcoholism counselors and a network of union members who also belong to Alcoholics Anonymous. In negotiations with these groups, drinkers learn that they are alcoholic and achieve sobriety. Negotiations break down into three stages: Getting into the Network, Learning to Stay in the Network, and Taking Responsibility. As in management-based programs, constructive confrontation and job performance are crucial elements in the negotiations. In unions, however, those elements take on a slightly different meaning because unions operate within a different social context than management-dominated work organizations.
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Sanders, Carrie B., Tony Christensen et Crystal Weston. « Constructing Crime in a Database : Big Data and the Mangle of Social Problems Work ». Qualitative Sociology Review 11, no 2 (30 avril 2015) : 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.2.12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper argues for programmatic change within social constructionist approaches to social problems by attending to materiality in the theoretical conception of social context. To illustrate how this might be done, we place the interplay between social problems construction and technology (what we refer to as the mangle of social problems work) at its center by examining how the advent of “big data” is impacting the construction of social problems. Using the growing field of intelligence-led policing (ILP) as our illustrative example, we will examine four effects the large scale collection and analysis of data has on the way social problems claims are made. We begin by arguing that big data offers a new method by which putative problems are discovered and legitimized. We then explore how large data sets and algorithmic data analysis are increasingly used for predicting future problems. Following this, we illustrate how big data is used to construct and implement solutions to future problems. Lastly, we use the interplay between big data and those who use it to illustrate “the mangle of social problems work,” where data is made meaningful and actionable through the interpretive and analytic processes of analysts and police officers.
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Ilhan, Bahriye, et Banu Yobas. « Measuring construction for social, economic and environmental assessment ». Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no 5 (17 juin 2019) : 746–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2018-0112.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the issues that should be considered for a better gauge of the construction industry and built environment and to propose a set of indicators for measuring the social, economic and environmental value of construction. Design/methodology/approach The indicators proposed in this study use Pearce’s schema, which presents a framework to evaluate the socio-economic value of construction and its contribution to sustainable development. After analysing the problems faced by the industry, solutions are raised and finally indicators for each pillar of Pearce’s schema are established through a literature review. Since the proposed indicators can be used for cross-country analysis, these comparisons are also presented as graphs including only those countries for which valid national data could be sourced from OECD databases. Findings The issues, suggestions and indicators related to each concern about the main domains of the schema are addressed through the related literature and supported by available statistical data. Originality/value Although previous studies have drawn attention to measures for better evaluation of the construction industry and the built environment, this study, distinctively, presents an integrated approach in order to gauge the true value and impacts of construction in a more comprehensive way. The work’s contribution to the body of knowledge is in revealing the hidden input and impact of construction on sustainable development by determining the barriers to this and their solutions, in addition to the proposal of relevant indicators.
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Chan, Kwun-fu. « Destructive construction ». Social Transformations in Chinese Societies 16, no 1 (7 mai 2020) : 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/stics-04-2019-0009.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the problems encountered during the establishment of the Central Police Academy (CPA) under the Nationalist regime from 1936 to 1949. While the authoritarian party-state unified the police academies by forceful means, this catalyzed the cleavage between the schools of police studies and resulted in power struggles over police education, intellectual thought, collectivity and even the national reform of police administration. More than narrating the progress of power consolidation, this study attempts to identify the problems underlying the factional strife and to reveal the interwoven pattern of these power struggles, exploring the confusion regarding what the police is, a question that troubled Chinese policemen from the mainland to Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach This paper explains the emergence of the factional strife from the beginning of the preliminary growth of the Police Academies in Nanking and Chekiang. It widely makes use of the official archives from Japan Center for Asian Historical Records and Historica Academia to show the dynamic situation in police education and administration. Rather, the official publications of the Police Academies and their affiliated associations reveal the hidden political agenda behind a unified framework as the party-state claimed. Moreover, official gazettes, memorials and newspapers are also used to strengthen the core argument of this study. Findings This paper examines the impact of the factional strife between the police leaders Dai Li and Li Shizhen on the CPA from 1936 to 1949. It illustrates that the establishment of the CPA ostensibly unified the nationwide police force but triggered power struggles over the control of the police administration. More importantly, it also shows how the factions strove for larger shares of power under the supreme doctrines that Chiang Kai-shek and the party-state imposed. Originality/value The failure of police education to become powerful was a special case among other more typical institutions. The governors coercively merged the police academies and created robust conditions for growth under the shelter of state authority. The police force did not follow the same path of national monopoly as what recent studies found but drifted apart with its vested interests and incompatible beliefs. Hence, the greater the demand for centralized control by the state, the greater the tension of the factional strife.
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Effendi, Dudy Imanuddin, Mira Mareta et Ahmad Sarbini. « Problems and Reorientation of Da’wah : Analysis of Social Construction in the Metaverse Era ». Ilmu Dakwah : Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies 18, no 1 (20 juin 2024) : 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v18i1.34816.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study is expected to reveal social phenomena that emerge, such as the construction of social interactions, social changes, and emerging societal models in the metaverse era. This examination employs a critical method aimed at uncovering, explaining, and critiquing narratives about the social conditions occurring in metaverse-era society. Additionally, this investigation utilizes a virtual ethnography approach to understand and explain various depictions and consequences on the complex social world in the metaverse era, whether informed structurally or culturally through technological media. The hope is that the output of this study can map out the issues of da’wah with various detrimental social consequences resulting from technological disruption in the metaverse era. Similarly, the results of this study are expected to serve as an academic reference in formulating preaching policies in the metaverse era. This study has demonstrated the historical development of the interpretation of the term metaverse, the influence of technological schemes that have constructed social interactions, the character of dystopian society as a da’wah problem, and also the orientation of da’wah that must be designed to address social changes in the metaverse era.
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Frawley, Ashley. « ‘Unhappy News’ : Process, Rhetoric, and Context in the Making of the Happiness Problem ». Sociological Research Online 23, no 1 (13 décembre 2017) : 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780417744791.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Drawing on a study of UK national broadsheets, this article examines the emergence and spread of happiness as a social problem in the UK by drawing on the theoretical insights of social problem constructionism and related social movement theory in terms of the processual, rhetorical, and contextual factors involved in the construction, transmission, and institutionalisation of new social problems. In particular, issue ownership in the realm of process and flexible syntax, experiential commensurability, empirical credibility, and narrative fidelity in the realm of rhetoric are argued to have played an important role in the discursive spread of the happiness problem in this public arena. A socio-political context hospitable to de-politicised and highly personalised constructions of social issues is argued to have played a major contextual role in the construction of the ‘happiness problem’.
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Manderson, Desmond. « Metamorphoses : Clashing Symbols in the Social Construction of Drugs ». Journal of Drug Issues 25, no 4 (octobre 1995) : 799–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500410.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In order to understand the nature and intensity of the debate over the reform of “drug” legislation, it is necessary to appreciate the aesthetic forces which influence attitudes to this question, and the symbolic meaning which is attached to the imagery of drugs. The “war on drugs” is a war about emotional imagery and contested symbols, and in particular about the idea of the boundary—a matter crucial to the metaphysics and social organization of Western society. At the same time, it will be argued, it is the failure to recognize that we are dealing with the symbolic realm which bedevils both drug users and legislative policy. The reification of symbols causes and perpetuates the very problems that are intended to be solved. In their fetishization of the objects of drug use, the law and the addict are far more alike than one might think.
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Eddy, Triono, Agustina Agustina et Sagita Purnomo. « Influence of Sustainable Construction for The Environment and Social Community ». RSF Conference Series : Business, Management and Social Sciences 3, no 3 (5 septembre 2023) : 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/bmss.v3i3.705.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sustainable construction is the way the construction industry develops to achieve sustainable development goals, taking into account environmental, socio-economic, and cultural preservation. Sustainable construction requires in-depth study, a synergy between various methods and approaches with technology exploration, and planning that prioritizes community welfare. This study aims to examine in depth implementation of sustainable construction in construction work discuss comprehensively benefits of sustainable construction for environmental and social sustainability. This type of research is normative juridical with a descriptive-analytical approach discussing existing legal symptoms and problems and testing their awareness of laws and legal norms. The results of this study show that the implementation of sustainable construction in construction work is applied through the concept of green construction or green building as a development that pays attention to environmental aspects, efficient use of energy and resources in the building cycle from the planning, implementation, and use of construction products. The benefits of sustainable construction for the environmental and social sustainability of the community include: reducing carbon emissions and resource efficiency, maintaining the continuity of the carrying capacity and accommodating capacity of the environment, reducing social inequalities or disparities in society, supporting cultural interactions and local wisdom, and moving the wheels of the national economy.