Thèses sur le sujet « Sols industriels pollués »
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Le, Hécho Isabelle. « Décontamination de sols de sites industriels pollués en métaux et arsenic par extraction chimique ou électrocinétique ». Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3010.
Texte intégralDazy, Marc. « Caractérisation de la colonisation spontanée par les plantes de sols pollués : rôle des systèmes cellulaires de détoxication ». Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ027S/document.
Texte intégralWe studied the revegetation of an industrial wasteland soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Different approaches were chosen in order to characterize the first steps of a plant succession and to elucidate the cellular mechanisms involved in plant metal tolerance. Experiments on plots filled with a soil collected from the former coke factory site of Neuves-Maisons (54, France) highlighted the importance of soil seed banks and seed rains in the establishment of a pioneer community on a polluted soil. The study of the plots flora allowed us to prove that the pioneer community, essentially composed of annuals and biannuals during the first year, was gradually colonized by perennials and clonal plants which dominated the second successionnal year. In addition, the comparison of communities established on control and polluted soil suggested a soil phytotoxicity leading to losses of species richness and diversity. Nevertheless, such differences seemed to decrease progressively during the succession process. At last, in the species that survived and grew in the polluted soil, leaf antioxidant enzymes responded, confirming their putative crucial role in the colonization success of these species. However, we showed that this success could also be due to a production of seeds more tolerant toward soil contaminants. Moreover, the study of transects in the industrial wasteland of Homecourt (54, France), a former coke factory site, gave supplementary data, highlighting the relationship between community descriptors (species richness, Shannon-Weaver s diversity indice) and soil Cd and Hg concentrations. Moreover, for the species present along the transects (Arrhenaterum elatius, Euphorbia cyparissias or Tanacetum vulgare), the measurements of antioxidants defences and phytochelatin levels revealed a metallic stress. Nevertheless, the abundance of the species was not related to soil pollutant concentrations. The possible environmental applications of these results will be also discussed
Matera, Virginie. « Etude de la mobilité et de la spéciation de l'arsenic dans les sols de sites industriels pollués : Estimation du risque induit ». Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3017.
Texte intégralBassimon, Chloe. « Μycοremédiatiοn d'un sοl industriel cο-cοntaminé en métaux et ΗAΡ : dévelοppements analytiques pοur le suivi de la dégradatiοn/dispοnibilité/accessibilité des pοlluants et changement d’échelle des études en micrοcοsmes de sοl biοaugmentés ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025NORMR007.
Texte intégralSoil contamination is a major issue today. In France, over 10,045 polluted sites and soils had been identified by mid-2022. According to a 2018 study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals (TMEs) were responsible for 14% and 23% of this pollution, respectively. Soil pollution has a significant impact on the biodiversity of ecosystems and human health. In the context of urbanisation policies and ‘zero net artificialisation’ of soils, the restoration of brownfield sites is of great interest, but the decontamination of soils co-contaminated with PAHs and TMEs remains a challenge. Mycoremediation, a process that uses the natural capacities of fungal strains to eliminate or transform certain pollutants present in an environmental matrix, is attracting growing interest due to the resistance of certain fungal strains to co-contamination and their ability to colonise soils through their mycelial network. This thesis work led to the development of new analytical tools for the semi-automated analysis of PAHs and certain oxygenated metabolites (ketones, quinones, hydroxylates) using thermodesorption coupled with tandem GC-MS/MS. A new method, using a cyclodextrin polymer, was applied to assess the bioaccessibility of PAHs in the industrial studied soil. A 6-month study in soil microcosms ruled out the use of the model strain Absidia cylindrospora for the mycoremediation of the studied soil: the high concentrations and availability of certain TMEs (Pb, Cu, Zn) and the very low bioaccessibility of PAHs meant that the fungal strain could not make a significant contribution to PAH biodegradation. Then new fungal strains were isolated from the industrial soil. An indigenous strain of Penicillium annulatum, resistant to Cu, Pb and Zn and capable of biodegrading PAHs, was selected for a larger-scale study, in a container that could hold 2 kg of soil. After inoculation thanks to an original solid support, significant fungal growth was observed in the soil, as well as significant degradation of organic pollutants (22% for PAHs and 33% for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on average) in less than 4 months
Schwartz, Christophe. « Phytoextraction des métaux des sols pollués par la plante hyperaccumulatrice Thlaspi caerulescens ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_SCHWARTZ_C.pdf.
Texte intégralBlanc, Armelle. « Analyse de cycle de vie des filières de traitement des sites industriels pollues ». Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0123.
Texte intégralThe management of industrial polluted sites is a major issue. From isolated problems, polluted sites are now the subject of a national policy. More particularly from an environmental viewpoint, the choice of the objective of the treatment and the selection of suitable treatment techniques need to take into account a lot of conflicting criteria. But the case of industrial polluted sites is, above all, an illustration of the double process of « appropriation-disappropriation » which characterises any technical activity. The polluted site is a form of« disappropriation » inherited from past activities. On one hand, the treatment allows an « appropriation » of the site but, on the other hand, it induces an exploitation of natural resources which can be considered as a « disappropriation » process. We need methods to control this « appropriation-disappropriation » process. Life cycle assessment, which aims at assessing environmental impacts on the life cycle of products, seems to suit properly. But a more precise analysis of the method shows that it cannot assess environmental impacts of technical systems. We have called this phenomenon «the paradox of life cycle assessment ». We have suppressed this paradox and proposed. A new interpretation of the method, showing that it is a good tool for improving the productivity of natural resources. LCA can be used in a more general procedure for the control of the development of technical activities. We conclude with an illustration of the use of LCA for the choice of the treatment of a site polluted by sulphur
Lévèque, Thibaut. « Biomonitoring environnemental et sanitaire des sols pollués par les éléments traces métalliques ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0093/document.
Texte intégralIn a context where environmental health concerns are globally increasing. Improve understanding of the mechanisms and bioavailability (eco) toxicity of persistent metals pollutants is a priority, especially because of their observed omnipresence in ecosystems in relation to their compartmentation and speciation. The earthworm is used to assess soil quality; moreover this soil organism through its bioturbation activities affects biogeochemical cycles. Ecotoxicity tests under controlled circumstances on earthworms have been conducted with different soils and worms’ species. Then an impact study on earthworms’ communities was conducted on a polluted site showing a concentration gradient. The influence of earthworms’ bioturbation on phytoavailability of pollutants was studied through experiments in mesocosms and Rhizotest. Finally, in vitro measures of pollutants bioavailability were performed on polluted soils and plants in different contexts: brownfields, gardens, sports field. The objective is to study the link between bioavailability for humans, soil characteristics, context of pollution and toxicity. Two complementary approaches have been developed: scientific research related to the mechanisms and development of tools, practical procedures which could be used by managers and risk assessors. Ecotoxicity of metals and metalloid (denoted ETM) on earthworms is not simply governed by their total concentrations, but strongly depends on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils. Furthermore, analysis of earthworm communities from a contaminated site can evaluate the quality of soil since seen an impact on the abundance, diversity and rate of juvenile worms. In addition, earthworms’ bioturbation significantly increases the bioavailability of ETM for vegetable plants such as lettuce. Finally, the human bioaccessibility of ETM is governed by many factors, in particular the context of pollution. The bioaccessible fraction of ETM is directly responsible for their cytotoxicity on intestinal cells. These results were complemented by mechanistic studies (IR, EXAFS, XANES, μ-XRF)
Martinez, Chois Claudia. « Réhabilitation des sols pollués par les éléments traces métalliques grâce aux bactéries du sol associées à la rhizosphère de Miscanthus x giganteus ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0323/document.
Texte intégralSoil is a nonrenewable resource to maintain because of its socio-economic and environmental importance. However, (bio)industrial activities can degrade soil and cause the appearance of persistent pollution brownfields. The ability of Miscanthus x giganteus to adapt to brownfield soils polluted with heavy metals (HM), while promoting the consolidation process of bioremediation of polluants, without causing a negative impact on the environment, is studied. Soils from Lorraine region (France), very affected by past industrial activity, are used. Considering the complexity of soil-plant-microorganisms relationships, various complementary assessment tools (i.e. in vitro,mesocosm and field) are used to determine the response of each component and their interactions, and thus deduce the sustainability of the method. The culture of M. x giganteus has great potential for rehabilitation of brownfield soils having a multimetallic pollution or mixed (+PAH) with a double benefit: phytostabilisation of HM at the root level and the production of biomass reclaimable (limited transfer of HM). The plant does not alter the characteristics of the soil involved in the mobility of HM (pH, CEC) ; but changes from those related to soil fertility, toxicity (liquid fraction) and the accumulation of HM by other organisms attest to the interaction of the plant with the elements that would make them more available. Plant's activity is causing associations with soil bacteria, for which the phylopes potentially métalloresistants (Zn, Cr) seem common in soils used
Beaulieu, Jean-François J. « Décontamination électrocinétique de sols pollués aux métaux lourds par des activités industrielles établissement de paramètres et optimisation du traitement ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0015/NQ56985.pdf.
Texte intégralJouannin, Frédéric. « Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué ». Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Texte intégralThe aim of this work was to study the mobility of PAH contained in a polluted industrial soil. After having established the physical and chemical features of the soil, the various lixiviation tests have revealed that both dissolved and particulate pollutants were concerned by the mobility of PAH. In spite of a heavy pollution of the soil, the release of dissolved PAH is limited particularly when the temperature during lixiviation is about 15°C. On the opposite, the release is quite significant when the particulate part is taken into account. The study revealed that the release of the dissolved part is regular, even with time whereas is temporary. It occurs when ionic strength of the leaching is low enough and it ends when there is no more particulate PAH in the soil
Renauld, Vivien. « Etude de la désorption de terres polluées par des composés organiques sur un pilote semi-industriel en continu : modélisation du transfert de polluants dans une particule de sol ». Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0630.
Texte intégralDe, Souza e. Silva Paula Tereza. « Étude des procédés d'oxydation avancés pour le traitement de sols pollués par des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL014N/document.
Texte intégralRemediation of soils contaminated by persistent organic pollutants like Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been widely developed after the discovery of thousands of contaminated sites all over the world. Among the organic pollutants, PAHs are considered as biorefractory compounds, relatively immobile in soils, toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Several techniques have been studied to remove these pollutants from soils, as the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) that have been proposed in recent years. AOPs are considered as an attractive alternative able to clean up matrices contaminated by refractory substances. In this work, AOPs have been studied to assess their efficacy in the oxidation of PAHs contained in four soil samples from Brazil and France. These AOPs were: (i) treatment by Fenton reactant (H2O2 and Fe(II), (ii) Fenton-like reactant, i.e. Fenton reactant without Fe(II) addition, considering that naturally occurring minerals provided Fe(II), (iii) and (iv) the same treatment with UV radiation, so-called photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton like reactions, and eventually (v) potassium permanganate. In each case, the optimal conditions were determined following factorial designs. Moreover, treatment selectivity was investigated, comparing the oxidation of lower and higher molecular weight PAHs. The formation of oxidation by-procducts was also assessed. To finish, the quality of treated soils was evaluated, by measuring the physico-chemical properties and above all by germination and growth experiments with ray grass chosen as a model plant. The objective was to assess if the treatments allowed further revegetation. In all cases, good oxidation results were reached. Concerning the evaluation of soil quality, it was shown that the treatment by KMnO4, was not compatible with further revegetation. Fenton’s reactant had a good effect on soil quality for further revegetation
Remediação de solos contaminados por poluentes orgânicos persistentes tem merecido destaque devido a descoberta de milhares de áreas contaminadas em todo mundo. Dentre os poluentes orgânicos, que merecem atenção encontram-se os hidrocarbonetos políciclicos aromáticos (HPAs) pois são compostos recalcitrantes, relativamente imóvel no solo, tóxicos, carcinogênicos e mutagênicos. Várias técnicas vêm sendo estudada a fim de remover estes poluentes dos solos podendo citar atualmente os Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POAs). Os POAs trata-se de um tratamento alternativo capaz de degradar das matrizes contaminadas por substâncias refratárias. Neste trabalho, os POAs têm sido estudado para avaliar seu comportamento na oxidação dos HPAs em quatro diferentes tipos de solo, originados do Brasil e da França. Avaliou-se como esses processos se comportam em relação a uma antiga e recente contaminação, bem como avaliar a existência da seletividade em relação aos HPAs de baixo e alto peso molecular e identificar a possibilidade de formação de intermediários de oxidação. Também pretende-se analisar a qualidade do solo após o tratamento visando avaliar se este solo pode ser revegetalizado ou torna-se inerte. Os POAs que aplicados nestes solos foram: Reagente de Fenton, Reagente Fenton-like, Reagente Foto-Fenton empregando-se a radiação natural e artificial, Reagente Foto-Fenton like e Permanganato de Potássio. De uma maneira geral, resultados satisfatórios foram alcançados em todos os solos estudados para a oxidação dos HPAs pelos POAs. Em relação a avaliação da qualidade dos solos da França após aplicar os POAs , o tratamento por Permanganato de Potássio não foi compatível com o processo de revegetalização. Já o tratamento por reagente de Fenton foi compatível ao processo e ainda observou uma melhora no crescimento das plantas quando comparado ao solo contaminado
Jouannin, Frédéric Barna Radu. « Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué ». Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=jouannin.
Texte intégralRichez, Elisabeth. « Germination et croissance de graminées sur des sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : implications en écotoxicologie et en phytomanagement ». Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0043.
Texte intégralThe research concerns the interactions between vegetation and industrial soils contamined with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The approach in situ is based on a phytosociological analysis of the present herbaceous plants on a fallow land of cokeworks combined with physio-chemical soil data. This study shows that there is no particular herbaceous vegetation related to the presence of the HAP in the soil. The experimental approach is based on the study of the development of two grasses, Lolium perenne and Alopecurus Myosuroides. On the polluted soil, a germination delay and a slower development of the roots of grasses are observed. However, no important effects of contaminants on the growth of the abroveground plant parts. The analysis of the contents of HAP in grasses, cultivated in a controlled environment with the atmosphere and the soil separated, shows that grasses are mainly contaminated through the roots. However, no phenomenon of bioaccumulation is observed. Furthermore, a translocation of a part of contaminants of the roots towards the abroveground plants parts is revealed. Long-term attempts show variations of behavior in the transfer of pollutants towards the air parts when plants are cultivated alone or together. In mixed culture, pollutants are almost not absorbed by Lolium perenne. On the contrary, Alopecurus myosuroides transfers in the stalks important quantities of HAP. Furthermore, these longer cultures, showed that the addition of a layer of healthy earth on the polluted soil limits strongly the contamination of vegetation. The question of the impact of vegetation on the decontamination of soils used during the experiments is analysed. The total concentrations of HAP are not significantly decreased after one year of Lolium perenne’s culture. Meanwhile, the concentrations of some contaminants like the benzo[g,h,i]perylene decrease, due to the simulation of microorganisms by the grasses
Hafeez, Farhan. « Characterization of microbial communities in Technosols constructed for industrial wastelands restoration ». Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859362.
Texte intégralHafeez, Farhan. « Characterization of microbial communities in Technosols constructed for industrial wastelands restoration ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS029.
Texte intégralIncreasing soil degradation and its consequences on overall ecosystem services urge for restoration strategies. Construction of Technosols through assemblage of treated soil and industrial wastes is an innovative technology for the restoration of polluted land and re-use of industrial by-products. Recent studies have evidenced that Technosols could support ecosystemic services such as primary production but the knowledge about other soil functions, such as biogeochemical cycling, is limited. Due to the significant contribution of microbial communities to soil functioning, this PhD work was carried out to study the effect of the type of Technosol on microbial communities with a focus on functional guilds involved in N cycling. For this purpose, the abundance and diversity of the total bacterial community and the abundance of crenarchaeal community together with the abundance and activities of the nitrifying and denitrifying communities were investigated in two types of Technosols. Results demonstrated that diversity and composition of the bacterial community were similar to ‘natural soils’ and were not significantly different between the two Technosols with Proteobacteria being the dominant phylum (50-80%). The bacterial ammonia oxidizers were greater in number than crenarchaeal ammonia oxidizers but also correlated to the potential nitrification activity suggesting that bacteria are the dominant ammonia oxidizers in Technosols. The abundance of both the ammonia oxidizers and the denitrifiers were in the same range than that observed in other soil systems. Analyses of the vertical distribution of the activity and abundance of N-cycling communities in the Technosols showed a significant depth-effect, which was more important than the Technosol type-effect. Technosols physicochemical properties and the abundance of the bacterial ammonia oxidizers were the main drivers of the nitrification activity whereas the denitrification activity was controlled mainly by the Technosols physicochemical properties and, to a minor extent, by the abundances of the nirS denitrifiers. The estimation of the functional stability of the denitrification process against the heat-drought stresses revealed that Technosol exhibited the high resistance and resilience in comparison to the thermally treated soil. This work highlighted the potential of constructed Technosols to ensure the N cycling ecosystem services, along with a high capacity to resist and recover from environmental stresses, suggesting that construction of Technosols is a promising technology and a solution for the restoration of industrial wastelands and waste recycling
Ranchy, Sophie. « Le statut juridique des zones industrielles littorales et la pollution des sols : état de la réglementation et perspectives ». Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355550.
Texte intégralPenven, Anaïs. « La gestion des ressources et des territoires : application à la mise en œuvre de projets de valorisation de sous-produits de poisson ». Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=2233bbcb-1b01-4b9c-bf64-fd22eb24cb0d.
Texte intégralBeyond the technical and technological advances in the conversion of marine by-products into useful products, the territorial, economic, social, political and environmental parameters, which govern all forms of approaches for fish by-products upgrading, must be taken in account. This is essential to understand why and how bioconversion technologies are applicable. The fishery sector is facing several issues such as fish stocks weakening, recourse to imports, aquaculture rising or consumers behaviors which complicate the approach of fish by-products upgrading as it is linked to the raw material processing. Thanks to some projects addressed this thematic in recent years, several quantitative and qualitative data about by-products deposits are available. Then, the aim is to study the feasibility of an upgrading project application on different territories. Firstly based on a study of the French different scenarios, a comparison with the situation in Galicia (Spain) has been made. The comparison of these cases allows to identify factors of success or sticking points such as volumes treated, number and proximity of fish processors, qualitative parameters or management regarding to all kind of up-grading fields. An optimal up-gradation of fish by-products depends of many of these factors it is so essential to identify and to study them. Such demonstration will help developing an efficient decision support instrument (DSI) for future projects. For territories which cannot reach the specifications developed in this work, an alternative solution has been studied which consists in mixing several types of organic by-products from agrofood industries and supermarkets, on a reduced scale. This schematic will permit to bypass the ottlenecks identified in particular by increasing the sources of raw materials, but will induce other issues that should be highlighted
Dumay, Justine. « Extraction de lipides en voie aqueuse par bioréacteur enzymatique combiné à l'ultrafiltration : application à la valorisation de co-produits de poisson (Sardina pilchardus) ». Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=46838cde-7c1f-4368-88fe-72e9950d0bf3.
Texte intégralTHE MAIN GOAL OF THIS WORK WAS TO UP-GRADE SARDINE (SARDINA PILCHARDUS) BY-PRODUCTS USING MILD PROCEDURE, ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN VALUABLE COMPOUNDS INVOLVING MODERATE INVESTMENT AND LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION. HYDROLYSIS AND ULTRAFILTRATION TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. FIRSTLY, SELECTED ENZYMES HAVE BEEN CALIBRATED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THEIR OPTIMAL CONDITIONS WITH A MODEL SUBSTRATE AND TO PERMIT THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THEM. THEN, HYDROLYSIS ON SARDINE HEAD AND VISCERA HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT IN TWO STEPS. THE FIRST ONE HAD THE OBJECTIVE TO DETERMINE THE ENZYME EFFICIENCY AND THE STUDY AREA. THE SECOND STEP WAS TO OPTIMISE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. THE AIM OF THIS SECOND STEP WAS TO OBTAIN THE HIGHEST LIPID RECOVERY IN THE LIQUID FRACTIONS USING THE VARIATION OF THE INFLUENTS HYDROLYSIS PARAMETERS SUCH AS TEMPERATURE, HYDROLYSIS TIME AND ENZYME CONCENTRATION. THE SOLUBLE PHASE OBTAINED AFTER THIS OPTIMISED STEP HAVE BEEN FILTERED USING ULTRAFILTRATION TECHNIQUE IN ORDER TO SEPARATE LIPIDS FROM PEPTIDES. LIPIDS FROM SARDINE BY-PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN MAINLY RECOVERED IN THE LIQUID FRACTIONS OF THE HYDROLYSATES. MOREOVER, AQUEOUS FRACTION HAS SHOWN A HIGH CONTENT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS. W3 FATTY ACIDS REPRESENT AROUND 20% OF THE TOTAL FATTY ACIDS INTO THOSE FRACTIONS. REGARDING VISCERA, WHICH IS A HARDLY CRUSHING MATRIX, THE LIPID EXTRACTION YIELDS HAVE BEEN IMPROVED USING ENZYMATIC TREATMENT COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL EXTRACTION. THE ULTRAFILTRATION TREATMENT OF THE SOLUBLE PHASE HAS ALLOWED, AFTER THE DETERMINATION OF OPERATING CONDITIONS, TO SEPARATE LIPIDS FROM PEPTIDES AND TO CONCENTRATE THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE RETENTATE