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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Spider Dragline Silk »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 5 février 2022

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1

Wolff, Jonas O. "The Evolution of Dragline Initiation in Spiders: Multiple Transitions from Multi- to Single-Gland Usage." Diversity 12, no. 1 (2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12010004.

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Despite the recognition of spider silk as a biological super-material and its dominant role in various aspects of a spider’s life, knowledge on silk use and silk properties is incomplete. This is a major impediment for the general understanding of spider ecology, spider silk evolution and biomaterial prospecting. In particular, the biological role of different types of silk glands is largely unexplored. Here, I report the results from a comparative study of spinneret usage during silk anchor and dragline spinning. I found that the use of both anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS) and posterior med

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Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn, Chung-Kai Chang, Yu-Chun Chuang, et al. "Nutrient and Wind Effects on Dragline Properties: Perspectives from WAXS & SAXS." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408677x.

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Spider dragline silk is one of the strongest nature fibers and some of their features are even better than those of the best synthetic fibers. Understanding the mechanisms inducing silk variability may have implications for biomimetics and the synthesis of environmentally responsive materials. Dragline silk contains both elasticity (amorphous) and crystalline regions. Our previous studies had demonstrated that spiders might vary the protein composition and thus physical properties of silks when experiencing food with different nutrient level. In this study we fed Nephila pilipes with high, low

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Knight, D. P., and F. Vollrath. "Biological liquid crystal elastomers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1418 (2002): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.1030.

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Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have recently been described as a new class of matter. Here we review the evidence for the novel conclusion that the fibrillar collagens and the dragline silks of orb web spiders belong to this remarkable class of materials. Unlike conventional rubbers, LCEs are ordered, rather than disordered, at rest. The identification of these biopolymers as LCEs may have a predictive value. It may explain how collagens and spider dragline silks are assembled. It may provide a detailed explanation for their mechanical properties, accounting for the variation between differe

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4

Kono, Nobuaki, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Masaru Mori, et al. "Multicomponent nature underlies the extraordinary mechanical properties of spider dragline silk." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 31 (2021): e2107065118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107065118.

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Dragline silk of golden orb-weaver spiders (Nephilinae) is noted for its unsurpassed toughness, combining extraordinary extensibility and tensile strength, suggesting industrial application as a sustainable biopolymer material. To pinpoint the molecular composition of dragline silk and the roles of its constituents in achieving its mechanical properties, we report a multiomics approach, combining high-quality genome sequencing and assembly, silk gland transcriptomics, and dragline silk proteomics of four Nephilinae spiders. We observed the consistent presence of the MaSp3B spidroin unique to t

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WARNER, STEVEN B., MALCOLM POLK, and KARL JACOB. "Spider Dragline Silk." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews 39, no. 4 (1999): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/mc-100101429.

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Harmer, Aaron M. T., Todd A. Blackledge, Joshua S. Madin, and Marie E. Herberstein. "High-performance spider webs: integrating biomechanics, ecology and behaviour." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 57 (2010): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0454.

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Spider silks exhibit remarkable properties, surpassing most natural and synthetic materials in both strength and toughness. Orb-web spider dragline silk is the focus of intense research by material scientists attempting to mimic these naturally produced fibres. However, biomechanical research on spider silks is often removed from the context of web ecology and spider foraging behaviour. Similarly, evolutionary and ecological research on spiders rarely considers the significance of silk properties. Here, we highlight the critical need to integrate biomechanical and ecological perspectives on sp

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Zhang, Yaopeng, Hongxia Yang, Huili Shao, and Xuechao Hu. "Antheraea pernyiSilk Fiber: A Potential Resource for Artificially Biospinning Spider Dragline Silk." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/683962.

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The outstanding properties of spider dragline silk are likely to be determined by a combination of the primary sequences and the secondary structure of the silk proteins.Antheraea pernyisilk has more similar sequences to spider dragline silk than the silk from its domestic counterpart,Bombyx mori. This makes it much potential as a resource for biospinning spider dragline silk. This paper further verified its possibility as the resource from the mechanical properties and the structures of theA. pernyisilks prepared by forcible reeling. It is surprising that the stress-strain curves of theA. per

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Chen, Yung-Kang, Chen-Pan Liao, Feng-Yueh Tsai, and Kai-Jung Chi. "More than a safety line: jump-stabilizing silk of salticids." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 87 (2013): 20130572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0572.

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Salticids are diurnal hunters known for acute vision, remarkable predatory strategies and jumping ability. Like other jumpers, they strive for stability and smooth landings. Instead of using inertia from swinging appendages or aerodynamic forces by flapping wings as in other organisms, we show that salticids use a different mechanism for in-air stability by using dragline silk, which was previously believed to function solely as a safety line. Analyses from high-speed images of jumps by the salticid Hasarius adansoni demonstrate that despite being subject to rearward pitch at take-off, spiders

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9

Hu, Jin Lian, Yuan Zhang Jiang, and Lin Gu. "Scalable Spider Silk Inspired Materials with High Extensibility and Super Toughness." Key Engineering Materials 893 (July 20, 2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.893.31.

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Spiders silks have extraordinary strength and toughness simultaneously, thus has become dreamed materials by scientists and industries. Although there have been tremendous attempts to prepare fibers from genetically manufacture spider silk proteins, however, it has been still a huge challenge because of tedious procedure and high cost. Here, a facile spider-silk-mimicking strategy is reported for preparing highly scratchable polymers and supertough fibers from chemical synthesis route. Polymer films with high extensibility (>1200%) and supertough fibers (~387 MJ m-3) are achieved by introdu

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10

Asakura, Tetsuo. "Structure and Dynamics of Spider Silk Studied with Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Molecules 25, no. 11 (2020): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112634.

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This review will introduce very recent studies using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the structure and dynamics of spider dragline silks conducted by the author’s research group. Spider dragline silks possess extraordinary mechanical properties by combining high tensile strength with outstanding elongation before breaking, and therefore continue to attract attention of researchers in biology, biochemistry, biophysics, analytical chemistry, polymer technology, textile technology, and tissue engineering. However, the inherently non-crystalli

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11

Liu, Dabiao, Anna Tarakanova, Claire C. Hsu, et al. "Spider dragline silk as torsional actuator driven by humidity." Science Advances 5, no. 3 (2019): eaau9183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau9183.

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Self-powered actuation driven by ambient humidity is of practical interest for applications such as hygroscopic artificial muscles. We demonstrate that spider dragline silk exhibits a humidity-induced torsional deformation of more than 300°/mm. When the relative humidity reaches a threshold of about 70%, the dragline silk starts to generate a large twist deformation independent of spider species. The torsional actuation can be precisely controlled by regulating the relative humidity. The behavior of humidity-induced twist is related to the supercontraction behavior of spider dragline silk. Spe

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12

Mortimer, B., A. Soler, C. R. Siviour, R. Zaera, and F. Vollrath. "Tuning the instrument: sonic properties in the spider's web." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 122 (2016): 20160341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0341.

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Spider orb webs are multifunctional, acting to absorb prey impact energy and transmit vibratory information to the spider. This paper explores the links between silk material properties, propagation of vibrations within webs and the ability of the spider to control and balance web function. Combining experimental and modelling approaches, we contrast transverse and longitudinal wave propagation in the web. It emerged that both transverse and longitudinal wave amplitude in the web can be adjusted through changes in web tension and dragline silk stiffness, i.e. properties that can be controlled

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13

Little, Douglas J., and Deb M. Kane. "Investigating the transverse optical structure of spider silk micro-fibers using quantitative optical microscopy." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (2017): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0125.

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AbstractThe transverse optical structure of two orb-weaver (family Araneidae) spider dragline silks was investigated using a variant of the inverse-scattering technique. Immersing the silks in a closely refractive index-matched liquid, the minimum achievable image contrast was greater than expected for an optically homogeneous silk, given what is currently known about the optical absorption of these silks. This “excess contrast” indicated the presence of transverse optical structure within the spider silk. Applying electromagnetic scattering theory to a transparent double cylinder, the minimum

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14

Wu, Hsuan-Chen, Shang-Ru Wu, Thomas Yang, and Jen-Chang Yang. "A Facile Measurement for Monitoring Dragline Silk Dope Concentration in Nephila pilipes upon Spinning." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101951.

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In spite of all the efforts towards deciphering the silk spinning process of spiders, the underlying mechanism is yet to be fully revealed. In this research, we designed a novel approach that allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the concentration change of silk dope during the liquid-to-solid spinning process of the orb-weaver Nephila pilipes. As a prior characterization of the optimal silking conditions, we first gauged the influence of silking-rate, ranging from 1.5 to 8.0 m/min, on dragline silk diameters and silk tensile strengths obtained from the spiders. Next, to evaluate the liquid co

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15

Kronenberger, Katrin, and Fritz Vollrath. "Spiders spinning electrically charged nano-fibres." Biology Letters 11, no. 1 (2015): 20140813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0813.

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Most spider threads are on the micrometre and sub-micrometre scale. Yet, there are some spiders that spin true nano-scale fibres such as the cribellate orb spider, Uloborus plumipes . Here, we analyse the highly specialized capture silk-spinning system of this spider and compare it with the silk extrusion systems of the more standard spider dragline threads. The cribellar silk extrusion system consists of tiny, morphologically basic glands each terminating through exceptionally long and narrow ducts in uniquely shaped silk outlets. Depending on spider size, hundreds to thousands of these outle

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16

Li, Xiang, Philip T. Eles, and Carl A. Michal. "Water Permeability of Spider Dragline Silk." Biomacromolecules 10, no. 5 (2009): 1270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm900103n.

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17

Fang, Guangqiang, Yuzhao Tang, Zeming Qi, Jinrong Yao, Zhengzhong Shao, and Xin Chen. "Precise correlation of macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic structures of animal silks—using Antheraea pernyi silkworm silk as an example." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 30 (2017): 6042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb01638g.

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Gosline, J. M., P. A. Guerette, C. S. Ortlepp, and K. N. Savage. "The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 23 (1999): 3295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.23.3295.

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Spiders produce a variety of silks, and the cloning of genes for silk fibroins reveals a clear link between protein sequence and structure-property relationships. The fibroins produced in the spider's major ampullate (MA) gland, which forms the dragline and web frame, contain multiple repeats of motifs that include an 8–10 residue long poly-alanine block and a 24–35 residue long glycine-rich block. When fibroins are spun into fibres, the poly-alanine blocks form (β)-sheet crystals that crosslink the fibroins into a polymer network with great stiffness, strength and toughness. As illustrated by

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19

Jiang, Wangshu, Glareh Askarieh, Alexander Shkumatov, My Hedhammar, and Stefan D. Knight. "Structure of the N-terminal domain of Euprosthenops australis dragline silk suggests that conversion of spidroin dope to spider silk involves a conserved asymmetric dimer intermediate." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 75, no. 7 (2019): 618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798319007253.

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Spider silk is a biomaterial with exceptional mechanical toughness, and there is great interest in developing biomimetic methods to produce engineered spider silk-based materials. However, the mechanisms that regulate the conversion of spider silk proteins (spidroins) from highly soluble dope into silk are not completely understood. The N-terminal domain (NT) of Euprosthenops australis dragline silk protein undergoes conformational and quaternary-structure changes from a monomer at a pH above 7 to a homodimer at lower pH values. Conversion from the monomer to the dimer requires the protonation

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20

Yu, Dan-Ni, Dan Tian, Chan-Juan Zhou, and Ji-Huan He. "Wetting and supercontraction properties of spider-based nanofibers." Thermal Science 23, no. 4 (2019): 2189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1904189y.

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Spider dragline silk has the highest strength among all natural or artificial fibers. This paper is to take full advantage of this property to enhance polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers by adding spider powders in the spun solution by the electrospinning. The obtained spider-based nanofiber shows much higher toughness than its polyvinyl alcohol partner. We also find that the spider-based nanofibers have supercontraction and wetting properties similar to those in the spider silks. This paper sheds a new light on a new trend of nanobiomimetics.

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Venkatesan, Harun, Jianming Chen, Haiyang Liu, et al. "Artificial spider silk is smart like natural one: having humidity-sensitive shape memory with superior recovery stress." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 11 (2019): 2472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00261h.

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22

Bini, Elisabetta, Cheryl Wong Po Foo, Jia Huang, Vassilis Karageorgiou, Brandon Kitchel, and David L. Kaplan. "RGD-Functionalized Bioengineered Spider Dragline Silk Biomaterial." Biomacromolecules 7, no. 11 (2006): 3139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm0607877.

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Ene, Roxana, Periklis Papadopoulos, and Friedrich Kremer. "Combined structural model of spider dragline silk." Soft Matter 5, no. 22 (2009): 4568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b911159j.

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Dionne, Justine, Thierry Lefèvre, Philippe Bilodeau, and Michèle Auger. "Structural Investigations of Supercontracted Spider Dragline Silk." Biophysical Journal 112, no. 3 (2017): 590a—591a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.3178.

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Fujiwara, Masayuki, Nobuaki Kono, Akiyoshi Hirayama, et al. "Xanthurenic Acid Is the Main Pigment of Trichonephila clavata Gold Dragline Silk." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040563.

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Spider silk is a natural fiber with remarkable strength, toughness, and elasticity that is attracting attention as a biomaterial of the future. Golden orb-weaving spiders (Trichonephila clavata) construct large, strong webs using golden threads. To characterize the pigment of golden T. clavata dragline silk, we used liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis. We found that the major pigment in the golden dragline silk of T. clavata was xanthurenic acid. To investigate the possible function of the pigment, we tested the effect of xanthurenic acid on bacterial growth using gram-negati

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Fraternali, Fernando, Nicola Stehling, Ada Amendola, Bryan Andres Tiban Anrango, Chris Holland, and Cornelia Rodenburg. "Tensegrity Modelling and the High Toughness of Spider Dragline Silk." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (2020): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081510.

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This work establishes a tensegrity model of spider dragline silk. Tensegrity systems are ubiquitous in nature, being able to capture the mechanics of biological shapes through simple and effective modes of deformation via extension and contraction. Guided by quantitative microstructural characterization via air plasma etching and low voltage scanning electron microscopy, we report that this model is able to capture experimentally observed phenomena such as the Poisson effect, tensile stress-strain response, and fibre toughness. This is achieved by accounting for spider silks’ hierarchical orga

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Blamires, Sean J., Douglas J. Little, Thomas E. White, and Deb M. Kane. "Photoreflectance/scattering measurements of spider silks informed by standard optics." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 4 (2020): 192174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192174.

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The silks of certain orb weaving spiders are emerging as high-quality optical materials. This motivates study of the optical properties of such silk and particularly the comparative optical properties of the silks of different species. Any differences in optical properties may impart biological advantage for a spider species and make the silks interesting for biomimetic prospecting as optical materials. A prior study of the reflectance of spider silks from 18 species reported results for three species of modern orb weaving spiders ( Nephila clavipes, Argiope argentata and Micrathena Schreibers

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Greco, Gabriele, and Nicola M. Pugno. "Mechanical Properties and Weibull Scaling Laws of Unknown Spider Silks." Molecules 25, no. 12 (2020): 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122938.

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Spider silks present extraordinary mechanical properties, which have attracted the attention of material scientists in recent decades. In particular, the strength and the toughness of these protein-based materials outperform the ones of many man-made fibers. Unfortunately, despite the huge interest, there is an absence of statistical investigation on the mechanical properties of spider silks and their related size effects due to the length of the fibers. Moreover, several spider silks have never been mechanically tested. Accordingly, in this work, we measured the mechanical properties and comp

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Ebenstein, Donna M., and Kathryn J. Wahl. "Anisotropic nanomechanical properties of Nephila clavipes dragline silk." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 8 (2006): 2035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0246.

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Spider silk is a material with unique mechanical properties under tension. In this study, we explore the anisotropic mechanical properties of spider silk using instrumented indentation. Both quasistatic indentation and dynamic stiffness imaging techniques were used to measure the mechanical properties in transverse and longitudinal sections of silk fibers. Quasistatic indentation yielded moduli of 10 ± 2 GPa in transverse sections and moduli of 6.4 ± 0.5 GPa in longitudinal sections, demonstrating mechanical anisotropy in the fiber. This result was supported by dynamic stiffness imaging, which

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Shi, Xiangyan, Jeffery L. Yarger, and Gregory P. Holland. "Elucidating proline dynamics in spider dragline silk fibre using 2H–13C HETCOR MAS NMR." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 37 (2014): 4856–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc00971a.

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<sup>2</sup>H–<sup>13</sup>C HETCOR MAS NMR is performed on <sup>2</sup>H/<sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-Pro enriched A. aurantia dragline silk. Proline dynamics are extracted from <sup>2</sup>H NMR line shapes and T<sub>1</sub> in a site-specific manner to elucidate the backbone and side chain molecular dynamics for the MaSp2 GPGXX β-turn regions for spider dragline silk in the dry and wet, supercontracted states.

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Miller, Jeremy, Jannelle Vienneau-Hathaway, Enkhbileg Dendev, Merrina Lan, and Nadia A. Ayoub. "The common house spider, Parasteatoda tepidariorum, maintains silk gene expression on sub-optimal diet." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0237286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237286.

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Cobweb weaving spiders and their relatives spin multiple task-specific fiber types. The unique material properties of each silk type result from differences in amino acid sequence and structure of their component proteins, primarily spidroins (spider fibrous proteins). Amino acid content and gene expression measurements of spider silks suggest some spiders change expression patterns of individual protein components in response to environmental cues. We quantified mRNA abundance of three spidroin encoding genes involved in prey capture in the common house spider, Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Ther

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Sommer, Christoph, Hendrik Bargel, Nadine Raßmann, and Thomas Scheibel. "Microbial repellence properties of engineered spider silk coatings prevent biofilm formation of opportunistic bacterial strains." MRS Communications 11, no. 3 (2021): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43579-021-00034-y.

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Abstract Bacterial infections are well recognised to be one of the most important current public health problems. Inhibiting adhesion of microbes on biomaterials is one approach for preventing inflammation. Coatings made of recombinant spider silk proteins based on the consensus sequence of Araneus diadematus dragline silk fibroin 4 have previously shown microbe-repellent properties. Concerning silicone implants, it has been further shown that spider silk coatings are effective in lowering the risk of capsular fibrosis. Here, microbial repellence tests using four opportunistic infection-relate

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Liu, Dabiao, Longteng Yu, Yuming He, et al. "Peculiar torsion dynamical response of spider dragline silk." Applied Physics Letters 111, no. 1 (2017): 013701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4990676.

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Glišović, Anja, Thorsten Vehoff, Richard J. Davies, and Tim Salditt. "Strain Dependent Structural Changes of Spider Dragline Silk." Macromolecules 41, no. 2 (2008): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma070528p.

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Xu, M., and R. V. Lewis. "Structure of a protein superfiber: spider dragline silk." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87, no. 18 (1990): 7120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.18.7120.

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Glišović, Anja, Jürgen Thieme, Peter Guttmann, and Tim Salditt. "Transmission X-ray microscopy of spider dragline silk." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 40, no. 2 (2007): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.015.

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Liu, Zhihai, Xuhao Ji, Yu Zhang, et al. "Supercontraction of spider dragline silk for humidity sensing." Optics Express 29, no. 18 (2021): 28864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.434786.

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Chandrayee Talukdar and Swastik Sastri. "Super Bacteria: A New Hope of Manufacturing Spider Silk in an Efficient Way." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (2021): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.2.28.

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The important properties of spider dragline silk and other protein polymers will find many applications. We have demonstrated the production of spider silk, which has many important properties, are produced from the bacteria including Escherichia coli. The productions of high molecular weight spider drag line encoded by synthetic genes. Silk protein can be efficiently produced by the microbial system has become an advantageous method like quick secretion and simple product recovery has become an efficient method .From the observation of various experiments done by several scientists has shown

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Keten, Sinan, and Markus J. Buehler. "Nanostructure and molecular mechanics of spider dragline silk protein assemblies." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 53 (2010): 1709–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0149.

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Spider silk is a self-assembling biopolymer that outperforms most known materials in terms of its mechanical performance, despite its underlying weak chemical bonding based on H-bonds. While experimental studies have shown that the molecular structure of silk proteins has a direct influence on the stiffness, toughness and failure strength of silk, no molecular-level analysis of the nanostructure and associated mechanical properties of silk assemblies have been reported. Here, we report atomic-level structures of MaSp1 and MaSp2 proteins from the Nephila clavipes spider dragline silk sequence,

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Wu, Hsuan-Chen, Aditi Pandey, Liang-Yu Chang, et al. "Hydrothermal Effect on Mechanical Properties of Nephila pilipes Spidroin." Polymers 12, no. 5 (2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051013.

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The superlative mechanical properties of spider silk and its conspicuous variations have instigated significant interest over the past few years. However, current attempts to synthetically spin spider silk fibers often yield an inferior physical performance, owing to the improper molecular interactions of silk proteins. Considering this, herein, a post-treatment process to reorganize molecular structures and improve the physical strength of spider silk is reported. The major ampullate dragline silk from Nephila pilipes with a high β-sheet content and an adequate tensile strength was utilized a

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41

Kim, Yoonjung, Myeongsang Lee, Inchul Baek, Taeyoung Yoon, and Sungsoo Na. "Mechanically inferior constituents in spider silk result in mechanically superior fibres by adaptation to harsh hydration conditions: a molecular dynamics study." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 144 (2018): 20180305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0305.

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Spider silk exhibits mechanical properties such as high strength and toughness that are superior to those of any man-made fibre (Bourzac 2015 Nature 519 , S4–S6 ( doi:10.1038/519S4a )). This high strength and toughness originates from a combination of the crystalline (exhibiting robust strength) and amorphous (exhibiting superb extensibility) regions present in the silk (Asakura et al . 2015 Macromolecules 48 , 2345–2357 ( doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00160 )). The crystalline regions comprise a mixture of poly-alanine and poly-glycine-alanine. Poly-alanine is expected to be stronger than poly-g

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Jaleel, Zaroug, Shun Zhou, Zaira Martín-Moldes, et al. "Expanding Canonical Spider Silk Properties through a DNA Combinatorial Approach." Materials 13, no. 16 (2020): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163596.

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The properties of native spider silk vary within and across species due to the presence of different genes containing conserved repetitive core domains encoding a variety of silk proteins. Previous studies seeking to understand the function and material properties of these domains focused primarily on the analysis of dragline silk proteins, MaSp1 and MaSp2. Our work seeks to broaden the mechanical properties of silk-based biomaterials by establishing two libraries containing genes from the repetitive core region of the native Latrodectus hesperus silk genome (Library A: genes masp1, masp2, tus

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Hengmu, Zhang, and Liu Jinyuan. "Molecular architecture and engineering of spider dragline silk protein." Progress in Natural Science 15, no. 9 (2005): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10020070512331342900.

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Sirichaisit, J., R. J. Young, and F. Vollrath. "Molecular deformation in spider dragline silk subjected to stress." Polymer 41, no. 3 (2000): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00293-1.

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Sapede, D., T. Seydel, V. T. Forsyth, et al. "Nanofibrillar Structure and Molecular Mobility in Spider Dragline Silk." Macromolecules 38, no. 20 (2005): 8447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0507995.

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Yang, Z., D. T. Grubb, and L. W. Jelinski. "Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of Spider Dragline Silk." Macromolecules 30, no. 26 (1997): 8254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma970548z.

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Huemmerich, Daniel, Thomas Scheibel, Fritz Vollrath, Shulamit Cohen, Uri Gat, and Shmulik Ittah. "Novel Assembly Properties of Recombinant Spider Dragline Silk Proteins." Current Biology 14, no. 22 (2004): 2070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.005.

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Kelly, Sean P., Kun-Ping Huang, Chen-Pan Liao, et al. "Mechanical and structural properties of major ampullate silk from spiders fed carbon nanomaterials." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0241829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241829.

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The dragline silk of spiders is of particular interest to science due to its unique properties that make it an exceptional biomaterial that has both high tensile strength and elasticity. To improve these natural fibers, researchers have begun to try infusing metals and carbon nanomaterials to improve mechanical properties of spider silk. The objective of this study was to incorporate carbon nanomaterials into the silk of an orb-weaving spider, Nephila pilipes, by feeding them solutions containing graphene and carbon nanotubes. Spiders were collected from the field and in the lab were fed solut

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Zhang, Ye Mei, and Zhi Juan Pan. "Conformational Transition of Regenerated Spider Silk in Water." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.107.

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Spider silks have excellent mechanical properties, which can even compare with some high-performance synthetic materials. Although as reported, the impressive mechanical properties are closely related to the primary amino acid sequence, the conformation that molecular chains form is also an important determinant. In this paper, effects of solvent, pH value, temperature, centrifugation and concentrating on the secondary structure of regenerated Ornithoctonus huwenna spider dragline silk protein aqueous solution were investigated by circular dichroism. Spidroin solutions prepared from different

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Valluzzi, R., S. Szela, D. Kirschner, and D. Kaplan. "Triggered Morphology Generation in a Biosynthetic Model Spider Dragline Silk Protein." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 1214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600019395.

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Recombinant DNA techniques were used to prepare a protein modeled after the consensus sequence of Nephila clavipesspider dragline silk, incorporating methionine residues to serve as redox “triggers”. In addition a water-soluble 27 residue peptide model of the dragline silk consensus amorphous sequence, representing a single amorphous block in the protein sequence, was prepared and characterized to gain additional insight into the behavior of the amorphous phase. X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) w

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